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1
Mhlongo, Sphiwe Emmanuel, and George Oluwole Akintola. "Artisanal and small-scale mining activities as post-mining land use in abandoned mine sites: a case of Giyani and Musina areas, Limpopo Province of South Africa." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 8, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 2815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.083.2815.
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South Africa has many artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities that some are registered and others informal and illegal. This paper presents an overview of ASM operations in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites found in Giyani and Musina areas, Limpopo Provine of South Africa. It looks at the mining processes, environmental problems, and health and safety risks of ASM in the area. It also provideds a discussion of practical ways of dealing with the problems of artisanal and small-scale mining operations in a harmonized way with the rehabilitation of the abandoned mine sites. The exploitation of waste rock dumps for aggregate production in Musina demonstrated that formalized ASM activities can be the best alternative uses of the abandoned mine sites. However, artisanal gold mining around Giyani revealed the health and safety risks and environmental problems of these operations. The artisanal gold mining activities worsened the health and safety and the environmental problems of the abandoned mine sites. Therefore, this paper recommends that the efforts of coming up with strategies to formalize and regulate artisanal mining in South Africa be deepened for these activities to be accepteble as sustainable as post-mining land-uses in abandoned mines.
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Sepadi, Maasago M., Martha Chadyiwa, and Vusumuzi Nkosi. "Platinum Mine Workers’ Exposure to Dust Particles Emitted at Mine Waste Rock Crusher Plants in Limpopo, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020655.
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The South African mining industry is one of the largest producers of platinum (Pt) in the world. Workers in this industry are exposed to significant amounts of dust, and this dust consists of particles sizes that can penetrate deep inside the respiratory region. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate dust exposure risk at two Pt mine waste rock crusher plants (Facility A and B) in Limpopo, South Africa. Workers’ demographic and occupational information was collected through a structured questionnaire, a walk-through observation on facilities’ processes, and static dust sampling for the collection of inhalable and respirable dust particles using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOH) 7602 and the Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substance (MDHS) 14/4 as guidelines. Only 79% of Pt mine workers, used their respiratory protective equipment (RPE), sixty-five percent were exposed to work shifts exceeding the recommended eight hours and 8.8% had been employed for more than ten years. The mean time-weighted average (TWA) dust concentrations between Facility A and B showed a significant difference (p < 0.026). The Pt mine’s inhalable concentrations (range 0.03–2.2 mg/m3) were higher than the respirable concentrations (range 0.02–0.7 mg/m3), however were all below the respective international and local occupational exposure limits (OELs). The Pt mine’s respirable crystalline silica (SiO2) quartz levels were all found below the detectable limit (<0.01 mg/m3). The Pt miners had increased health risks due to accumulated low levels of dust exposure and lack of usage of RPE. It is recommended that an improved dust control program be put in place which includes, but is not limited to, stockpile enclosures, tire stops with water sprays, and education on the importance of RPE usage.
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Mhlongo, Sphiwe Emmanuel, Francis Amponsah-Dacosta, and Armstrong Kadyamatimba. "Appraisal of Strategies for Dealing with the Physical Hazards of Abandoned Surface Mine Excavations: A Case Study of Frankie and Nyala Mines in South Africa." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020145.
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In order to improve the safety status and the quality of the landscape affected by surface mining, it is important that practical strategies for dealing with the excavations are identified. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to carry out an appraisal of the strategies for addressing the physical hazards of abandoned surface mine excavations in two mines in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The method used involved carrying out field characterization of the current state and uses of the excavations, as well as their physical hazards of the surface mine excavations in the study area. The characterization took into consideration. Possible strategies for addressing the physical hazards of the excavations are identified, and their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyzed. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was performed on each of the identified strategies with the purpose of determining their attractiveness based on their SWOT factors. The results of the study showed that using a combination of strategies to deal with the physical hazards of the abandoned mine excavations was the most attractive approach followed by the grading of the slopes of the excavations to improve their stability, while promoting their safe alternative uses. The no-action option and backfilling of the excavations were the least attractive strategies for dealing with the abandoned surface mine excavations. The study demonstrated how semi-quantitative tools, such as the SWOT analysis and QSPM could assist in finding practical approaches for dealing with the problems of abandoned mine sites or features.
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Cairncross, Bruce. "Connoisseur's Choice: Ajoite, Messina Mine, Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 91, no. 5 (August 16, 2016): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2016.1193697.
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Cairncross, B., J. D. Kramers, and I. M. Villa. "Unusual speleothem formation in the Thabazimbi mine cave, Limpopo Province, South Africa, and its chronology." South African Journal of Geology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.121.0020.
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Li, Zhong Xue, Bing Hui Zu, Yi Qing Zhao, Cui Ping Li, and Zhi Guo Cao. "An Organizational Social Responsibility Approach for Improving Mine Safety and Health in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2954–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2954.
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The paper aims at presenting an organizational social responsibility approach for improving mine safety and health in China. Through an in-depth comparative analysis of the regulatory mechanisms for mine safety and health in USA and South Africa, it is found that the successful performance of mine safety and health in USA has been contributed by the triangle of effective law enforcement, advanced technology development and qualified labor training, and the impressive improvement of mine health and safety in South Africa has been attributed to the mechanism of tripartite engagement through the state, mine owners and employees. In view of findings from the US and South Africa experiences, an approach of organizational social responsibility through multi-stakeholders is proposed for China to fundamentally improve its performance of mine safety and health by adopting best practices.
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Tshitangano, Takalani G., T. M. Ramaliba, H. A. Akinsola, and M. Thendele. "Tuberculosis risk factors in Lephalale local municipality of Limpopo province, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (October 31, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i5.4557.
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Lephalale local municipality is the leading sub-district in Limpopo province with 9.8% of deaths caused by tuberculosis. This study aimed to describe the risk factors for TB in Lephalale local municipality. A quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used to target 148 registered TB patients aged 18 years and above in the sub-district’s 6 clinics. Approval and ethical clearance was obtained from the relevant authorities (SHS/15/PH/14/2006). Only respondents who agreed in writing to be part of the study were included. Ethical research principles were observed. A researcher-developed self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analysed using the statistical Package for Social Sciences® version 22.0. Of 148 respondents, a high proportion of diagnosed TB patients (43.24%) were receiving less than R1 000 per month; the majority (53.38%) were unemployed; 22% were overcrowded in a single room; 31.8% had skipped taking TB medication at some point; 12% had previously worked in the mining industries; 37.16% never opened windows: 39.19% were from a rural settlement. TB risk factors in Lephalale include overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, TB treatment interruption, rural settlement, working in a mine, and low income. Educating communities about improving ventilation and treatment adherence as well as community empowerment with entrepreneurial skills might assist.
(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)
S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1304734
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Bhuiyan, M. M. Z. U., and R. Mavhungu. "Safety and affordability of an elective Saturday list at Pietersburg Hospital, Limpopo, South Africa." South African Medical Journal 108, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2017.v108i2.12426.
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Bhuiyan, M. M. Z. U., and R. Mavhungu. "Safety and affordability of an elective Saturday list at Pietersburg Hospital, Limpopo, South Africa." South African Medical Journal 108, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2018.v108i2.12426.
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Farrell, Leanne A., Ralph Hamann, and Eric Mackres. "A clash of cultures (and lawyers): Anglo Platinum and mine-affected communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Resources Policy 37, no. 2 (June 2012): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.05.003.
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Pelders, Jodi, and Gill Nelson. "Socio-demographic contributors to health and safety of mine workers in South Africa." Work 64, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-192969.
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Molekoa, Mmasabata, Ram Avtar, Pankaj Kumar, Huynh Thu Minh, Rajarshi Dasgupta, Brian Johnson, Netrananda Sahu, Ram Verma, and Ali Yunus. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa." Water 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020220.
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Considering the well-documented impacts of land-use change on water resources and the rapid land-use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for surface water samples collected from five sampling locations from 2016 to 2020. Time-series analysis of key surface water quality parameters was performed to identify the essential hydrological processes governing water quality. The analyzed water quality data were also used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and weighted water quality index (WQI). Also, the spatial trend of water quality is compared with LULC changes from 2015 to 2020. Results revealed that the concentration of most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water samples was beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted permissible limit, except for a few parameters in some locations. Based on the calculated values of HPI and HEI, water quality samples were categorized as low to moderately polluted water bodies, whereas all water samples fell under the poor category (>100) and beyond based on the calculated WQI. Looking precisely at the water quality’s temporal trend, it is found that most of the sampling shows a deteriorating trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the year 2020 shows a slightly improving trend on water quality, which can be justified by lowering human activities during the lockdown period imposed by COVID-19. Land use has a significant relationship with surface water quality, and it was evident that built-up land had a more significant negative impact on water quality than the other land use classes. Both natural processes (rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (wastewater discharge, industrial activities etc.) were found to be playing a vital role in water quality evolution. This study suggests that continuous assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Limpopo is important to control pollution and health safety in the future.
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Potgieter, N., L. S. Mudau, and F. R. S. Maluleke. "Microbiological quality of groundwater sources used by rural communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.890.
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A survey of the microbiological quality of water from 194 boreholes (97 privately owned and 97 communal boreholes) in the rural Thitale-Hlanganani area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa was carried out between August 2002 and August 2003. Very little information on the microbiological quality of privately-owned boreholes in rural communities is available raising concerns about the safety of these groundwater supplies. In this study, levels of total coliforms, thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms, faecal enterococci, Clostridium perfringens (vegetative cells and spores) and somatic coliphages were determined for community and privately-owned borehole water. The average counts for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal enterococci and Clostridium perfringens exceeded the South African recommended guideline limits of 0–10 counts.100 ml−1 for total coliforms and 0 counts.100 ml−1 for faecal coliforms, faecal enterococci and Clostridium perfringens respectively. Comparisons between the levels of indicator bacteria present in private and communal boreholes during dry seasons indicated a statistical difference for faecal enterococci bacteria (p=0.005) and Clostridium perfringens (p=0.08). Comparisons between the levels of indicator bacteria present in private and communal boreholes during rainy seasons indicated statistical differences between total coliforms (p=0.05), faecal coliforms (p=0.03) and Clostridium perfringens (p=0.009) bacteria. No significant differences in the presence of somatic coliphages in both private and communal borehole water were see. The results indicated the need for environmental impact assessment studies to monitor the microbiological quality of groundwater sources in rural communities.
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Legodi, Kole, and Matshidiso Kanjere. "The Challenges Faced by Informal Traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i4.98.
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Informal trade has grown at an alarming rate in South Africa because of lack of employment opportunities in both the private and public sectors. This has resulted in many unemployed members of the population joining the informal business sector. The majority of people in this sector do not have skills that are needed in the formal employment sector, others are semi-literate and a small percentage has some level of qualification. Nevertheless, this sector is plagued by a number of challenges which this article presents. The article reports on the study that was conducted at Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province. The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges that were faced by informal traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province in South Africa. The area was chosen because of its accessibility to the researchers and its potential to provide relevant and accurate information for the research project. Thus, a qualitative research method was used to collect data through face to face interviews. The research discovered that some of the challenges experienced by the informal traders in the area ranged from lack of support from the local municipality to structural challenges like lack of ablution facilities and limited access to electricity. Furthermore, other challenges concerned safety and health issues that were also gender based. Most of the traders in the area were women; an element which attest to the fact that it is difficult to find employment in the country when one is less educated and is also a woman.
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O. Ntsuxeko, Shibambu, and Kola O. Odeku. "The intricacies and challenges of ensuring safe and healthy mining environments in South Africa." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.02.
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In South Africa, during the apartheid era, the mining sector had records of extremely high injuries and occupational diseases that led to massive death of mine workers who were predominantly Blacks. In the post-apartheid era, measures such as monitoring, inspections, investigations and regulatory interventions have been introduced to identify hazards with the aim of minimizing and eliminating the risk to health and safety of mine workers. However, despite these interventions and measures, the pace of ensuring total eradication of accidents and fatalities is slow and there is a need to accelerate it, as every life is important. This can only be realized if there is substantial improvement in the implementation, enforcement and compliance with legislation, measures and policies that have been put in place to curb accidents, diseases and fatalities in the mining sector. This article examines the effectiveness of the interventions, points out the weaknesses and provides viable solutions for improvement. The article also highlights the importance of trade unions and technologies as catalysts to drive and improve safety standards in the mining environments.
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Dr C M Schultz, Dr C. M. Schultz, and A. Bezuidenhout A Bezuidenhout. "Creating Safety Awareness through a Training Intervention: a Case at a Gold Mine in South Africa." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/73.
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Mhlongo, Amponsah-Dacosta, and Kadyamatimba. "Incorporation of the Method of Ranking the Hazards of Abandoned Mine Entries into a Rule-Based Expert System." Minerals 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100600.
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The work of quantifying the problems of abandoned mines is the first step towards the rehabilitation of these mines. As the result, in all countries that have many abandoned mines, researchers and different organizations have been making efforts to develop decision-making tools, methods, and techniques for rehabilitation of abandoned mines. This paper describes the work conducted to incorporate the method for ranking the problems of abandoned mine entries into a rule-based expert system. This is done using the web-based expert system platform provided by expert system (ES)-Builder Shell. The ES is tested by applying it to the case study of the problems of abandoned mine entries in the areas of Giyani and Musina, Limpopo Province of South Africa. This paper gives details of the procedure followed in creating the production rules of the ES for ranking problems of abandoned mine entries (ES-RAME), its attributes, and the results of its application to the selected case study. The use of the ES-RAME is found to be important for setting the objectives and priorities of the rehabilitation of abandoned mine entries. In addition, the incorporation of the ranking method into the expert system ensured that the procedure of the tanking method is clearly communicated and preserved as the rules of the ES. The expert system also has the advantages of being consistent in its guidance, and it gives the user an opportunity to go through the ranking process of the system using any possible fictitious information; this gives the user a feel for the ranking process and the data required when using the ES-RAME.
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K., Nelushi, R. Gumbo J., and A. Dacosta F. "An investigation of the bioaccumulation of chromium and uranium metals by Cynodon dactylon: A case study of abandoned New Union Gold Mine Tailings, Limpopo, South Africa." African Journal of Biotechnology 12, no. 46 (November 13, 2013): 6517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.2321.
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Matotoka, Mash M., and Peter Masoko. "Evaluation of Herbal Concoctions Sold at Ga Maja (Limpopo Province) in South Africa and In Vitro Pharmacological Evaluation of Plants Used to Manufacture the Concoctions." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 4 (September 28, 2017): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217727112.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological activities and safety of commercial herbal concoctions manufactured in Ga Maja (Limpopo province). Microbial contamination was evaluated by spread-plating the concoctions on agar plates. The VITEK 2 instrument was used for identification of the pure cultures. Nutritional content of the concoctions was determined. Thin layer chromatography was used to analyze the chemical constituents of the extracts. The microdilution assay and bioautography were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. Sodium, potassium, and zinc were elements most abundant in the concoctions. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Acetone extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Kirkia wilmsii extracts had antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values against test bacteria ranged between 0.02 and 0.63 mg/mL. Further studies are required to isolate bioactive compounds and evaluate their cytotoxicity. Caution in the consumption of the herbal mixtures should be adhered to.
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Muhindi, Ikoha. "Occupational Safety and Health of Coal Mine Workers in Kenya: Filling the Lacuna in the Law." Strathmore Law Review 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slr.v1i2.79.
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Mining is essential in the economic development of any country endowed with mineral resources. In Kenya, for instance, one block of coal in the Mui Basin has enough coal to bring in KES. 3.4 trillion into the economy. However, disasters such as the Monongah disaster in a coal mine in the United States have resulted in the loss of lives of numerous workers. It is therefore important to ensure the enactment of legislation safeguarding these workers. This article seeks to assess the extent to which the Occupation Safety and Health Act safeguards these concerns in Kenya. It also undertakes a brief comparative study of the best practices employed in Australia and South Africa in safeguarding the safety and health of workers in coal mines. Finally, the article makes recommendations on how Kenya can follow suit and adopt various aspects of the legislations from these jurisdictions.
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Sengani, Fhatuwani, and François Mulenga. "Influence of Rainfall Intensity on the Stability of Unsaturated Soil Slope: Case Study of R523 Road in Thulamela Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 8824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248824.
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The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of extreme rainfall on the recurrence of slope instability using the Thulamela Municipality roads (R523) as a case study. To this end, the historical rainfall data of the area of study were analyzed between 1988 and 2018. The results show that a significant increase in rainfall is usually experienced in the summer months of December and January. Following this, the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes of silt clay, clay, and clay loam soils were estimated using the SLIDE simulator (Numerical software “Finite Element Method (FEM)”) under sunny to rainy conditions of the area. A complementary model, FLACSlope (Numerical software “Finite Difference Method (FDM)”), was utilized to simulate FoS and pore water pressure in sunny and rainy conditions of the area. Simulation results show that extreme rainfall has the ability to reduce the shear strength and resistance of the soil slope material. This may explain the recurrent landslides noted in the area. Finally, the water pore pressure has been simulated to increase with the increased water table, which generally pushes the soil particles apart and reduces the stress between the particles resulting in soil slope failure. Extreme rainfall alters the phase of the material solid in a manner that may require further research for a better understanding.
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Dalu, Mwazvita T. B., Ashley W. Gunter, Mulweli Makatu, Gregory M. Dowo, Farai Dondofema, and Tatenda Dalu. "Contribution of Natural Forest Products to Rural Livelihoods at Mavunde and Sambandou Villages, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084252.
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With ~70% of the sub-Saharan population living in rural areas, more than 90% of rural African households depend on natural forest products. Although several studies in other parts of South Africa have looked into the use of natural forest products in poverty alleviation, little is known on the roles and relative contribution of natural forest products as daily and safety nets specifically within the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. This study assessed the different roles played by natural forest products in households and the patterns of their relative contribution to households both as sources of income and direct consumption within differing household compositions as well as socio-economic factors. These included employment and income diversification role and the monetised value of natural resources in the rural livelihoods of households in Sambandou and Mavunde, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study inter alia compared a wide use of natural resources by two villages and determined on which forest products they most relied for their economic welfare. Their relative contributions to livelihoods were assessed by identifying factors that affected their contributions. Findings of the study showed that Sambandou had a high number of people with formal jobs and females, and fewer old-age pensioners. Differences in employment and education between villages were observed. In all villages, the most frequently used or harvested resource was fuelwood, wild edible fruits, herbs, grass/shrub hand sweepers, insects for food, thatch grass/reeds and poles for fencing and housing. Overall, Mavunde village households were found to be more dependent on natural resource harvesting both for income and subsistence substitution. Findings suggest that this may have been a consequence of socio-economic factors such as income and employment, as well as general underdevelopment in the village. This study’s findings could contribute to further studies into how these results compare to other parts of the country and region, as well as their respective developmental implications.
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Mabade, Avhurengwi Samson. "Ensuring Quality Safety in Schools: A Participatory Action Research Approach." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9637.
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The focus of this article is on the quality safety in Schools. Although safety in schools is a worldwide problem, in South Africa this seems to be getting worse for they are broken into, vandalized and set alight in vast majority. Taking a heed to around 1600 number of schools robbed, vandalized and torched during this frustrating and terrifying period of COVID -19, one would agree that schools are not protected. People seemed to have lost ethics and ownership towards schools. Schools appeared to be the safest place as well as conducive for study in the previous decades. Safety school promotes social and creative learning. Schools are robbed their groceries, equipments including computers and other paraphernalia for learning and teaching support. On the 10th July 2020, four schools in Limpopo Province had been broken into and all groceries were robbed at a gun point.
Taking a number of instances into consideration, which occurred before horrifying situation of Covid-19, one would see a need for an investigation. Although schools are advised to establish tight and quality security fence, school equipments and groceries are still not safe. There is a variety of literature which focused on the roles of teachers, administrators and students in creating safe schools. For this study, the researcher focused on the role of Community towards ensuring quality safety in school as a Community resource. Therefore it is the Community’s obligation to ensure quality safety in Schools. Community needs to develop strategies to ensure safety in Schools for their children. In this study, the researcher established a model which is Community Support Team versus School Support Team.
Therefore the researcher adopted a Participatory Action Research Approach to empower Community to strategize for ensuring quality safety in Schools. The researcher employed qualitative technique to collect data from the community members around four selected schools in a rural area.
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Rigby, M. J., I. J. Basson, J. D. Kramers, P. Gräser, and P. K. Mavimbela. "The structural, metamorphic and temporal evolution of the country rocks surrounding Venetia Mine, Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Evidence for a single palaeoproterozoic tectono-metamorphic event with implications for a tectonic model." Precambrian Research 186, no. 1-4 (April 2011): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.001.
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Mokoena, Mothemba, and Merwe Oberholzer. "Analyzing Biographical Differences on Employees' Perception of Safety Control Measures with Special Emphasis on the Cost Thereof at a Colliery." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 6(J) (January 24, 2017): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(j).1484.
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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to determine whether biographical differences influence employees’ perception on safety control measures and the cost thereof. A quantitative research approach was followed for which data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from 151 employees at a colliery in South Africa. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the employees’ perceptions into nine factors. This was followed by an analysis of means using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests to determine differences between perceptions of these factors and the biographical groupings of the employees. Five biographical variables were included, namely (i) years of experience, (ii) English proficiency, (iii) qualification, (iv) gender, and (v) designation. Within a meta-theoretical conceptual scope, a cross-sectional analysis revealed the following statistically significant perception differences: Firstly, from a biographical variable view, English proficiency groupings differ significantly among six of the nine factors. Secondly, from a factor classification view, both direct and indirect cost of work accidents/injuries and perceptions in relation to direct and indirect cost of an unsafe work environment differ significantly in three biographical variables, namely years of experience, English proficiency and qualification. To be more specific, the most experienced group (21+ years’ of experience), the poor/fair, and even to a lesser extent, the good English proficiency groups and the group with no tertiary training should be educated especially about the effect that work accidents, injuries and an unsafe work environment have on the direct and indirect costs of the colliery. The study recommend that the employees with higher qualifications, excellent English proficiency as well as those with relatively fewer years of experience should do higher risk jobs as they are more receptive to safety rules and procedures.
Keywords: Biographical factors, colliery, mine, production costs, safety controls
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Kariuki, Paul, Lizzy O Ofusori, Prabhakar Rontala Subramanniam, Moses Okpeku, and Maria L Goyayi. "Challenges in Contact Tracing by Mining Mobile Phone Location Data for COVID-19: Implications for Public Governance in South Africa." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 16 (2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4736.
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Aim/Purpose: The paper’s objective is to examine the challenges of using the mobile phone to mine location data for effective contact tracing of symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals and the implications of this technology for public health governance. Background: The COVID-19 crisis has created an unprecedented need for contact tracing across South Africa, requiring thousands of people to be traced and their details captured in government health databases as part of public health efforts aimed at breaking the chains of transmission. Contact tracing for COVID-19 requires the identification of persons who may have been exposed to the virus and following them up daily for 14 days from the last point of exposure. Mining mobile phone location data can play a critical role in locating people from the time they were identified as contacts to the time they access medical assistance. In this case, it aids data flow to various databases designated for COVID-19 work. Methodology: The researchers conducted a review of the available literature on this subject drawing from academic articles published in peer-reviewed journals, research reports, and other relevant national and international government documents reporting on public health and COVID-19. Document analysis was used as the primary research method, drawing on the case studies. Contribution: Contact tracing remains a critical strategy in curbing the deadly COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. However, given increasing concern regarding its invasive nature and possible infringement of individual liberties, it is imperative to interrogate the challenges related to its implementation to ensure a balance with public governance. The research findings can thus be used to inform policies and practices associated with contact tracing in South Africa. Findings: The study found that contact tracing using mobile phone location data mining can be used to enforce quarantine measures such as lockdowns aimed at mitigating a public health emergency such as COVID-19. However, the use of technology can expose the public to criminal activities by exposing their locations. From a public governance point of view, any exposure of the public to social ills is highly undesirable. Recommendations for Practitioners: In using contact tracing apps to provide pertinent data location caution needs to be exercised to ensure that sensitive private information is not made public to the extent that it compromises citizens’ safety and security. The study recommends the development and implementation of data use protocols to support the use of this technology, in order to mitigate against infringement of individual privacy and other civil liberties. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should explore ways of improving digital applications in order to improve the acceptability of the use of contact tracing technology to manage pandemics such as COVID-19, paying attention to ethical considerations. Impact on Society: Since contact tracing has implications for privacy and confidentiality it must be conducted with caution. This research highlights the challenges that the authorities must address to ensure that the right to privacy and confidentiality is upheld. Future Research: Future research could focus on collecting primary data to provide insight on contact tracing through mining mobile phone location data. Research could also be conducted on how app-based technology can enhance the effectiveness of contact tracing in order to optimize testing and tracing coverage. This has the potential to minimize transmission whilst also minimizing tracing delays. Moreover, it is important to develop contact tracing apps that are universally inter-operable and privacy-preserving.
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Momoh, Abuh, Siphiwe Emmanuel Mhlongo, Olukoga Abiodun, Confidence Muzerengi, and Matamela Mudanalwo. "Potential implications of mine dusts on human health: A case study of Mukula Mine, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 29, no. 6 (September 30, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.296.3787.
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Tshitangano, Takalani G. "Factors that contribute to public sector nurses’ turnover in Limpopo province of South Africa." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 5, no. 1 (July 29, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.479.
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Background: The ongoing worldwide phenomenon of a shortage of about 4.3 million nurses and midwives poses a threat to health service delivery. Limpopo province had the worst nurse shortage of over 60% in 2010. Authors attribute this shortage to turnover of nurses. The quest to describe factors contributing to nurses’ turnover led to this study in Limpopo province,South Africa.Objectives: To explore and describe factors that contribute to nurses’ turnover in Limpopo province of South Africa by assessing public sector nurses’ job satisfaction in relation to common determinants of job satisfaction.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional approach used primary quantitative data collected from 141 of 380 respondents (31.1% response rate) contacted incidentally. Self-administered hand delivered questionnaires were used to gather ordinal data, which were analysed in terms off requency and percentage tables using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 6. The sum of positive and negative effects was used to determine satisfaction; if positive effects were greater than negative effects respondents were judged to be satisfied and vice versa.Results: Frequency and percentage tables revealed that nurses in Limpopo province were more dissatisfied (53.9%) than satisfied (37.8%) with their jobs. Factors which respondents were found to be dissatisfied with included staffing (85.2%), availability of workplace resources(83.7%), salaries (78.8%), workplace safety (73.7%), career development opportunities (64.5%) and hours of work (47.6%).Conclusion: Nurses’ turnover is attributed to nurses’ dissatisfaction with staffing, resources, salaries and workplace safety. Attention needs to be given to these specific issues if retentionof nurses is to be achieved.
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Singo, N. K., and J. D. Kramers. "Retreatability analysis of the Musina copper mine tailings in South Africa: an exploratory study." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 10 (September 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03447-x.
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Abstract In recent times, the potential beneficial uses of abandoned mine sites have been recognised and acted upon through the retreatment of tailings in order to win minerals of interest still available in economically viable concentrations. The most notable benefit (although not usually factored in financially) is that, once the tailings have been removed, the land has a greater potential to be developed further. The main aim of this study was to investigate the contents of copper and potentially harmful elements in the tailings of the Musina mine, an abandoned Cu mine in the northern Limpopo Province, in order to assess environmental hazards and to provide a first estimate of the feasibility of future economic rehabilitation. The concept of reclaiming was here seen in a broad way and ranged from the reworking of tailings or other residues to residential and/or recreational use. To quantify the potential economic importance and impacts of the metal content of the tailings, geochemical analysis of samples from auger holes and resource modelling were employed. Neutral to slightly basic pH values and very low concentrations of arsenic and lead showed that acid drainage and toxic groundwater contamination (apart from Cu itself) would not be a concern. Three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models were applied to estimate the resource potential of the tailings dump. The models revealed that residual Cu in the Musina mine tailings is currently at 8555 tonnes. Accordingly, going forward, we recommend a formalised geometallurgical study to assess the economic feasibility of extracting Cu, with a view to reworking the copper tailings dump. It is very important that this tailings dump be mined in future, in order to extract all Cu and ensure that the sterilised land (up to 95 ha) can be used for other purposes.
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Maesela, L. M., V. M. O. Okoro, and C. A. Mbajiorgu. "Marketing and Production Constraints of Dairy Goat Farmers in Limpopo Province of South Africa." Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research 38, no. 04 (December 26, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-151.
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This study was conducted to understand the constraints faced by rural dairy goat farmers holistically in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Since goat production for milk is common in the study area, this study was conducted to assess the constraints (production and marketing) faced by the farmers and possibly offer solutions. A sample of 110 rural household dairy-goat farmers were randomly selected from ten villages of Sekhukhune District of the Province. Descriptive statistics and Probit regression model were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that majority of the farmers were female and were between middle and old aged. Most of them were married with secondary education being the highest educational level attained. They mostly keep an average of 4 goats per household, with social grant being their major source of income. Probit analysis revealed that safety of dairy goat and grazing pastures (prlessthan0.025 and plessthan0.031 respectively) were major constraints of dairy goat production while breed improvement and milk processing prlessthan0.0001 and prlessthan0.0001 respectively) were major constraints of goat milk marketing faced by rural household dairy goat farmers. Farmers were willing to enhance their dairy goat production for sustainable milk production if security of their animals and grazing pastures could be improved upon. Also advanced breed improvement and milk processing techniques if provided by government would greatly increase the production of the dairy goat milk in the study area.
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Sithole, H. L., O. A. Oduntan, and M. O. Oriowo. "Eye protection practices and symptoms among welders in the Limpopo Province of South Africa+." African Vision and Eye Health 68, no. 3 (December 15, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v68i3.163.
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Welding is associated with several ocular and systemic hazards especially where adequate protective measures are not taken. The purpose of this project was to study the eye protection practices and symptoms among welders in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Questionnaires designed to investigate eye protection practices and symptoms experienced were completed byone hundred and fifty (150) welders. The types of welding done were shielded metal arc (84%), oxyacetylene gas (4%) and silver brazing (12%). The number of years spent in the welding industry ranged from one to 10 years with a mean of 5 ± 3.1 years and the number of hours of welding per day ranged from one to 10 hours with a mean of 6 ± 2.1 hours. A large percentage of the welders (89%) reported wearing protective devices when welding and the most common protective devices used by the welders were: helmets (57%), goggles(22%), and face shields (15%). Six percent used inefficient protective devices such as sunglasses. Sixty one percent reported occasional exposure to welding flashes when not wearing any eye protection. Welding-related eye symptoms reported included foreign body sensation (18%), persistent after-images (31%), and watery eyes (50%). Al-though the majority of the welders wore protective devices while welding, a few did not always use such devices while others used sunglasses for protection. Moreover, many of the welders were occasionally, and only a few were always, exposed to welding flashes when protective devices were not used. Therefore, we concluded that eye protectionpractices amongst the welders appeared to be inadequate to avoid hazards associated with welding. It is recommended that an eye protection educational campaign for welders should form part of the SouthAfrican Government’s workplace safety program.
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MG, Kwata, and Moja SJ. "Characterization of Settleable Dust and Surface Dust Samples from the Old and Abandoned Asbestos Mine Dumps in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Pollution Effects & Control 05, no. 04 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4397.1000206.
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Mears, R. R., and P. F. Blaauw. "Levels of poverty and the poverty gap in rural Limpopo." Acta Commercii 10, no. 1 (December 7, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ac.v10i1.118.
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Purpose/objectives: The aim of this paper is to obtain a better understanding of the income and expenditure patterns of selected deep rural villages. This is done by measuring the level of poverty and/or the poverty gap of 132 households in Limpopo, one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. Problem investigated: The Millennium Declaration symbolises the commitment to end extreme poverty, but limited data is available for rural areas to inform policy decisions. The relative income shares for individuals, households and percentile groups within a population provide the best information on poverty for policy formulation. The nature and size distribution of income are therefore central to analysing the poverty problem within low-income areas. The survey area is one of the poorest areas in South Africa, and shows what data is needed to measure and understand the extent of poverty. Design/Method/Approach: A representative sample of 132 households was drawn, which represents 6,9 percent of the estimated 1900 households in selected villages of rural Limpopo. A total of 740 household members were represented in the survey, with an average of 5,6 members per household. Originality/Value: Although this is a relatively small sample, it generated much-needed data on this very poor area of South Africa. Detailed empirical data on the income and expenditure patterns is not available, especially for rural areas. The socio-economic data from this research supported an important health project of the Water and Health Research Unit (WHRU) of the University of Johannesburg. The article also lays the foundation for further research in this field of study, facilitating engagement with a number of related debates such as those about satisfaction of life, vulnerability to poverty, the geography of deprivation and the mapping of poverty. Conclusion: The main finding is that the government provides for many needs of the poor, especially in the deep rural areas. Only 18 percent of the sample households did not receive a state grant in 2007. This was an injection of R88 800 or 33,4 percent of the total income per month, which excludes the social wage in terms of free basic water, electricity, subsidised or free housing, health care subsidies and other support to poor people and rural communities. Of the 485 non-economically active people in the sample, more than 364 or 75 percent receive an income, mainly in the form of state grants. Education suggests itself as a route out of poverty, rather than the child grant and other subsidies that encourage poor people to have more children. Poor couples and single-member households fall through the safety net, because they do not qualify for state grants and have no children yet.
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Makweya, Florah L., and Isaac B. Oluwatayo. "Consumers’ preference and willingness to pay for graded beef in Polokwane municipality, South Africa." Italian Journal of Food Safety 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2019.7654.
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Consumers around the world are progressively becoming more concerned and aware about food standards, quality and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to determine consumers’ preference regarding safe and quality beef and willingness to pay (WTP) for graded beef in Polokwane municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The research surveyed 150 consumers using a structured questionnaire to collect data on consumer characteristics and responses to different bid levels for graded beef. Analytical methods were descriptive statistics, Likert scales, contingent valuation method to evaluate respondents’ mean WTP for graded beef and logit model to determine the dependence of WTP on consumers’ socioeconomic characteristics. Results showed that consumers prefer their beef tender, with less fat and bones and labelled with price, grade/class, size or quantity of the product and lastly quality inspection or certification indicator. Over half of the respondents (53%) were aware of grading or classification systems. The results further revealed that most respondents are willing to pay an increase of 16.04% over the current price for beef. This could be an opportunity for investments in beef label industry. Consumer characteristics including age, income, gender and household size significantly influenced WTP for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality. Marketing strategies considered by beef product investors should target young, female and wealthier consumers. Grading with respect to quality attributes would make beef sales at differentiated prices possible. This will eventually enhance sales volume and returns for all stakeholders along the value chain.
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Mpanza, Mbalenhle, Elhadi Adam, and Raeesa Moolla. "Perceptions of external costs of dust fallout from gold mine tailings: West Wits Basin." Clean Air Journal 30, no. 1 (June 2, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7566.
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Mining is important for the South African economy, as it is for many developing African nations. In 2017, mining was reported to contribute 6.8 % to the South African GDP and provided more than 460, 000 jobs. Though mining adds an enormous amount of value to the country, it has significant impacts on the environment and the socio-economic factors of society. The well-documented environmental impact of mining operations on surface and groundwater systems, known as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), is just one of these environmental impacts. There are also other impacts such as the pollution of agricultural soils, the creation of sinkholes and air pollution. For example, airborne dust remains a persistent problem in South African urban areas due to the climatic conditions, extensive surface mining, unrehabilitated tailings storage facilities and mineral processing. However, very little is reported on the socio-economic costs that are due to poor environmental management. Some scholars assert that despite the Mine Health and Safety Act, deposition monitoring guidelines and national dust regulations, South Africa still experiences persistent dust problems, especially in coal and gold mining districts. This paper investigates the effect of gold mining dust pollution in and around a Gold Mining Village, in South Africa. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used, where a questionnaire and interviews were conducted to examine the Gold Mine Village perceptions on dust pollution and their socio-economic environment. This paper further examines how poor and premature mine closure by liquidation results in unrehabilitated mine tailings and how this has significant impacts on the socio-economic status of individuals and surrounding businesses. The community being investigated in this study, perceives the dust fallout impact to be a socio-economic threat. The paper finds that the community believes it incurs medical financial expenditures due to treating respiratory-related diseases triggered by dust fallout.
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Singo, N. K., and J. D. Kramers. "Feasibility of tailings retreatment to unlock value and create environmental sustainability of the Louis Moore tailings dump near Giyani, South Africa." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 7 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1138/2021.
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SYNOPSIS The reprocessing of tailings resources to extract gold on an industrial scale has become common practice. While these projects are common in the Witwatersrand basin, similar low-technology processes are not operational in smaller goldfields. This study explores the possibility of reclaiming the tailings dump of the Louis Moore Mine in the Giyani Greenstone Belt, investigates potential hazards to communities in the vicinity, and identifies mitigation strategies. Auger samples were taken from the Louis Moore tailings at depths of up to 5 m. Aqua regia leach analyses show Au concentrations of up to 1 g/t. Inferred estimations based on ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) methods put the residual Au resource in the Louis Moore tailings dump at 0.20 t. Reworking the tailings is viable, although a potential environmental risk exists in the form of elevated arsenic concentrations. Further exploration is required to determine the mineralogical associations of Au and As. Tailings reworking would assist in raising funds for mine rehabilitation. The secondary tailings could potentially be repurposed, which would provide employment and facilitate community development, as well as deliver environmental benefits. Keywords: Louis Moore, tailings, gold, safety and health.
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Komati, F. S., R. Strydom, and O. M. Ntwaeaborwa. "Measurements of radon exhalation from a South African gold mine tailings using sealed tube method." Radioprotection, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021020.
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To date, approximately 6000 tons of uranium has been disposed of onto tailings dams per year by gold mining activities in South Africa. These uranium bearing tailings dumps contain significant amounts of radium and are therefore possible sources of substantial amounts of radon gas. Due to the large sizes of these dams, measurements of the radon exhalation for the whole dam using established and conventional methods become time consuming and labour intensive. In this study, radon exhalation rates from a gold mine tailings dam around mining area of Odendalsrus were measured using passive “sealed tube” method and CR-39 gas etched track monitors known as Radon Gas Monitors (RGMs). Twenty samples were collected at the depths ranging from 90 cm to 1 m from the tailings for exhalation rate measurements. Radon exhalation rates from these samples were found to vary from 0.0410 ± 0.0042 Bq/m2 · s to 0.440 ± 0.045 Bq/m2 · s with a mean value of 0.102 ± 0.021 Bq/m2 · s and a standard deviation of 0.087 Bq/m2 · s. The results of these measurements show very high radon exhalation rate and radium content from one particular sample which requires further investigations.
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Smit, Nicolaas W. H., Leon T. De Beer, and Jaco Pienaar. "Work stressors, job insecurity, union support, job satisfaction and safety outcomes within the iron ore mining environment." SA Journal of Human Resource Management 15 (August 19, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v14i1.719.
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Orientation: The study of work stressors, job insecurity and union support creates opportunity for iron ore mining organisations to manage job satisfaction and safety motivation and behaviour more effectively. Research purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between work stressors, job insecurity, union support, job satisfaction and safety motivation and behaviour of a sample of iron ore mine workers in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The mining industry in general is often faced with hazardous and physically demanding working environments, where employees work under constant pressure. Work stressors, job insecurity, union support and job satisfaction are considered key variables when investigating effective means of managing safety.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was utilised to collect the data. A convenience sample of employees in the iron ore mining industry of South Africa (N = 260) were included. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping resampling analysis were used to analyse the data.Main findings: Work stressors and job insecurity were found to be negatively associated with job satisfaction. Conversely, perceived union support was positively associated with job satisfaction and safety motivation and behaviour. Furthermore, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between union support and safety motivation and behaviour.Practical/managerial implications: Mining organisations can, by placing the focus on reducing work stressors, and promoting job security and union support, achieve higher levels of safety motivation and behaviour through job satisfaction.Contribution/value-add: A great deal of independent research on work stressors, job insecurity, union support, job satisfaction as well as safety motivation and behaviour has already been done. To date, very little empirical research exists that simultaneously considers all these constructs. This study brought together these lines of research.
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Botha, Doret, and Freek Cronjé. "Occupational health and safety considerations for women employed in core mining positions." SA Journal of Human Resource Management 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.652.
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Orientation: Despite various liberalisation and feminisation processes with regard to gender and sex roles, traditionalistic typologies, especially in terms of occupational roles, are seemingly very reluctant to disappear from relevant theoretical discourses, as well as in practice. One of the main issues remains the terrain of physical work. Although women all over the world have been involved in mining activities for centuries, the mining industry has not been an obvious career choice for women. In South Africa, new mining legislation aims to rectify previous inequalities and disadvantages in the mining sector and specifically provides for the inclusion of women in core mining activities. Although well intended, women’s involvement in the core business of mining also exposes them to the various hazards related to mine work.Research purpose: This research determined perceptions regarding the health and safety of women working in core mining positions.Motivation for the study: Currently there is a paucity of published data regarding health and safety challenges pertaining to women employed in the core business of mining.Method: Quantitative and qualitative research paradigms were used (mixed method research design). Quantitative data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected by means of individual interviews and group interviews.Main findings: From the literature review and the empirical findings it is evident that various factors (physical work capacity, anthropometry and body composition, personal protective equipment, treatment during pregnancy and security measures) need to be considered to ensure the health and safety of women employed in core mining positions.Practical/managerial implications: It is evident from the research that exceptional attention should be given to the promotion of the health and safety of women working in the core business of mines to sustain their involvement in the mining sector.Contribution: Practical recommendations are made to address health and safety concerns of women employed in core mining activities. These can be implemented and used by various stakeholders in the mining sector.