Journal articles: 'Mineral carbonation process'

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Ramli, Noor Allesya Alis, Faradiella Mohd Kusin, and Verma Loretta M. Molahid. "Influencing Factors of the Mineral Carbonation Process of Iron Ore Mining Waste in Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041866.

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Mining waste may contain potential minerals that can act as essential feedstock for long-term carbon sequestration through a mineral carbonation process. This study attempts to identify the mineralogical and chemical composition of iron ore mining waste alongside the effects of particle size, temperature, and pH on carbonation efficiency. The samples were found to be alkaline in nature (pH of 6.9–7.5) and contained small-sized particles of clay and silt, thus indicating their suitability for mineral carbonation reactions. Samples were composed of important silicate minerals needed for the formation of carbonates such as wollastonite, anorthite, diopside, perovskite, johannsenite, and magnesium aluminum silicate, and the Fe-bearing mineral magnetite. The presence of Fe2O3 (39.6–62.9%) and CaO (7.2–15.2%) indicated the potential of the waste to sequester carbon dioxide because these oxides are important divalent cations for mineral carbonation. The use of small-sized mine-waste particles enables the enhancement of carbonation efficiency, i.e., particles of <38 µm showed a greater extent of Fe and Ca carbonation efficiency (between 1.6–6.7%) compared to particles of <63 µm (0.9–5.7%) and 75 µm (0.7–6.0%). Increasing the reaction temperature from 80 °C to 150–200 °C resulted in a higher Fe and Ca carbonation efficiency of some samples between 0.9–5.8% and 0.8–4.0%, respectively. The effect of increasing the pH from 8–12 was notably observed in Fe carbonation efficiency of between 0.7–5.9% (pH 12) compared to 0.6–3.3% (pH 8). Ca carbonation efficiency was moderately observed (0.7–5.5%) as with the increasing pH between 8–10. Therefore, it has been evidenced that mineralogical and chemical composition were of great importance for the mineral carbonation process, and that the effects of particle size, pH, and temperature of iron mining waste were influential in determining carbonation efficiency. Findings would be beneficial for sustaining the mining industry while taking into account the issue of waste production in tackling the global carbon emission concerns.

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Prigiobbe, V., M. Hänchen, M. Werner, R. Baciocchi, and M. Mazzotti. "Mineral carbonation process for CO2 sequestration." Energy Procedia 1, no. 1 (February 2009): 4885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.318.

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Santos, Rafael M., and Tom Van Gerven. "Process intensification routes for mineral carbonation*." Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 1, no. 4 (September 30, 2011): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ghg.36.

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Kasina, Monika, Piotr R. Kowalski, and Marek Michalik. "Mineral carbonation of metallurgical slags." Mineralogia 45, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2015-0002.

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Abstract Due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere number of methods are being proposed to mitigate the risk of climate change. One of them is mineral carbonation. Blast furnace and steel making slags are co-products of metallurgical processes composed of minerals which represent appropriate source of cations required for mineral carbonation. Experimental studies were performed to determine the potential use of slags in this process. Obtained results indicate that steel making slag can be a useful material in CO2 capture procedures. Slag components dissolved in water are bonded as stable carbonates in the reaction with CO2 from ambient air. In case of blast furnace slag, the reaction is very slow and minerals are resistant to chemical changes. More time is needed for minerals dissolution and release of cations essential for carbonate crystallisation and thus makes blast furnace slags less favourable in comparison with steel making slag.

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Koukouzas, N., H. Ziock, F. Ziogou, and I. Typou. "MINERAL CARBONATION AS A POTENTIAL CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE OPTION FOR THE REGION OF WESTERN MACEDONIA, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16735.

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The long-term storage of the greenhouse gas C02 generated by fossil fuel-fired power plants in the form of stable mineral carbonates appears to be a promising option for reducing global CO2 emissions. In the case of mineral carbonation captured gaseous CO2 is chemically stored in an exothermic reaction by the carbonation of magnesium or calcium silicate minerals, forming environmentally benign and thermodynamically stable products. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the carbon dioxide storage by mineral carbonation and to examine the feasibility of this sequestration option in the region of Western Macedonia. The main candidate minerals for carbonation and their sequestration capacity are presented. Furthermore, the most promising mineral carbonation process routes as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of carbonation reaction are addressed, based on a review on the published literature. In Greece abundant magnesium-rich ultramafic rocks exist that probably could support the national CO2 emissions abatement policy. The attractiveness stems from the favourable geographical relationship between large stationary CO2 emission sources and potential magnesium silicate deposits. Thus, a roughly description of the olivine deposits and their quality in the region of Western Macedonia will be provided

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Ibrahim, Mohamed, Muftah El-Naas, Abdelbaki Benamor, Saad Al-Sobhi, and Zhien Zhang. "Carbon Mineralization by Reaction with Steel-Making Waste: A Review." Processes 7, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020115.

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Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is taking the lead as a means for mitigating climate change. It is considered a crucial bridging technology, enabling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels to be reduced while the energy transition to renewable sources is taking place. CCS includes a portfolio of technologies that can possibly capture vast amounts of CO2 per year. Mineral carbonation is evolving as a possible candidate to sequester CO2 from medium-sized emissions point sources. It is the only recognized form of permanent CO2 storage with no concerns regarding CO2 leakage. It is based on the principles of natural rock weathering, where the CO2 dissolved in rainwater reacts with alkaline rocks to form carbonate minerals. The active alkaline elements (Ca/Mg) are the fundamental reactants for mineral carbonation reaction. Although the reaction is thermodynamically favored, it takes place over a large time scale. The challenge of mineral carbonation is to offset this limitation by accelerating the carbonation reaction with minimal energy and feedstock consumption. Calcium and magnesium silicates are generally selected for carbonation due to their abundance in nature. Industrial waste residues emerge as an alternative source of carbonation minerals that have higher reactivity than natural minerals; they are also inexpensive and readily available in proximity to CO2 emitters. In addition, the environmental stability of the industrial waste is often enhanced as they undergo carbonation. Recently, direct mineral carbonation has been investigated significantly due to its applicability to CO2 capture and storage. This review outlines the main research work carried out over the last few years on direct mineral carbonation process utilizing steel-making waste, with emphasis on recent research achievements and potentials for future research.

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Kremer, Dario, Simon Etzold, Judith Boldt, Peter Blaum, Klaus M. Hahn, Hermann Wotruba, and Rainer Telle. "Geological Mapping and Characterization of Possible Primary Input Materials for the Mineral Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Europe." Minerals 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080485.

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This work investigates the possible mineral input materials for the process of mineral sequestration through the carbonation of magnesium or calcium silicates under high pressure and high temperatures in an autoclave. The choice of input materials that are covered by this study represents more than 50% of the global peridotite production. Reaction products are amorphous silica and magnesite or calcite, respectively. Potential sources of magnesium silicate containing materials in Europe have been investigated in regards to their availability and capability for the process and their harmlessness concerning asbestos content. Therefore, characterization by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and QEMSCAN® was performed to gather information before the selection of specific material for the mineral sequestration. The objective of the following carbonation is the storage of a maximum amount of CO2 and the utilization of products as pozzolanic material or as fillers for the cement industry, which substantially contributes to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The characterization of the potential mineral resources for mineral sequestration in Europe with a focus on the forsterite content led to a selection of specific input materials for the carbonation tests. The mineralogical analysis of an Italian olivine sample before and after the carbonation process states the reasons for the performed evaluation. The given data serves as an example of the input material suitability of all the collected mineral samples. Additionally, the possible conversion of natural asbestos occurring in minerals as a side effect of the carbonation process is taken into consideration.

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Du Breuil, Clémence, Louis César-Pasquier, Gregory Dipple, Jean-François Blais, Maria Iliuta, and Guy Mercier. "Mineralogical Transformations of Heated Serpentine and Their Impact on Dissolution during Aqueous-Phase Mineral Carbonation Reaction in Flue Gas Conditions." Minerals 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110680.

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Mineral carbonation is known to be among the most efficient ways to reduce the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. Serpentine minerals (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), have shown great potential for carbonation. A way to improve yield is to thermally activate serpentine minerals prior to the carbonation reaction. This step is of great importance as it controls Mg2+ leaching, one of the carbonation reaction limiting factors. Previous studies have focused on the optimization of the thermal activation by determining the ideal activation temperature. However, to date, none of these studies have considered the impacts of the thermal activation on the efficiency of the aqueous-phase mineral carbonation at ambient temperature and moderate pressure in flue gas conditions. Several residence times and temperatures of activation have been tested to evaluate their impact on serpentine dissolution in conditions similar to mineral carbonation. The mineralogical composition of the treated solids has been studied using X-ray diffraction coupled with a quantification using the Rietveld refinement method. A novel approach in order to quantify the meta-serpentine formed during dehydroxylation is introduced. The most suitable mineral assemblage for carbonation is found to be a mixture of the different amorphous phases identified. This study highlights the importance of the mineralogical assemblage obtained during the dehydroxylation process and its impact on the magnesium availability during dissolution in the carbonation reaction.

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Ayub, Syifa Afiza, Haylay Tsegab, Omeid Rahmani, and Amin Beiranvand Pour. "Potential for CO2 Mineral Carbonation in the Paleogene Segamat Basalt of Malaysia." Minerals 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10121045.

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Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) requires the host rock to have the capacity to permanently store CO2 with minimum post-storage monitoring. Mineral carbonation in geological formations is one of the most promising approaches to CO2 storage as the captured CO2 is converted into stable carbonated minerals (e.g., calcite and magnesite). In this study, we investigated the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of Segamat basalt in the Central Belt of Malaysia and evaluated its potential for mineral carbonation by using laboratory analyses of X–ray fluorescence (XRF), X–ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and petrographic study. The XRF results showed that Segamat basalt samples contain a number of elements such as Fe (21.81–23.80 wt.%), Ca (15.40–20.83 wt.%), and Mg (3.43–5.36 wt.%) that can react with CO2 to form stable carbonated minerals. The XRD and petrographic results indicated that Segamat basalt contains the reactive mineral groups of pyroxene and olivine, which are suitable for the mineral carbonation process. The results of this study could help to identify the spatial distribution of elements and minerals in the Segamat basalt and to assess its mineral carbonation potential for geological storage in Malaysia.

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Reynes, Javier F., Guy Mercier, Jean-François Blais, and Louis-César Pasquier. "Feasibility of a Mineral Carbonation Technique Using Iron-Silicate Mining Waste by Direct Flue Gas CO2 Capture and Cation Complexation Using 2,2′-Bipyridine." Minerals 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040343.

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Mineral carbonation is gaining increasing attention for its ability to sequester CO2. The main challenge is doing it economically and energy-efficiently. Recently, many studies have focused on the aqueous reaction of carbon dioxide with the alkaline earth minerals such as serpentine, Mg-rich olivine and wollastonite. Nevertheless, Fe-rich olivines have been poorly studied because of their high energy demand, which make them unfeasible for industrial implementation. This article describes the feasibility of an indirect mineral carbonation process using silicic, Fe-rich mining waste with direct flue gas CO2 via iron complexation using 2,2′-bipyridine. The overall process was performed in three main steps: leaching, iron complexation, and aqueous mineral carbonation reactions. The preferential parameters resulted in a recirculation scenario, where 38% of Fe cations were leached, complexed, and reacted under mild conditions. CO2 uptake of 57.3% was achieved, obtaining a Fe-rich carbonate. These results are promising for the application of mineral carbonation to reduce CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas balance had a global vision of the overall reaction’s feasibility. The results showed a positive balance in CO2 removal, with an estimated 130 kg CO2/ton of residue. Although an exhaustive study should be done, the new and innovative mineral carbonation CO2 sequestration approach in this study is promising.

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Zevenhoven, R., I. Kavaliauskaite, and G. Denafas. "AN EXERGY ANALYSIS FOR MINERAL CARBONATION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2025.

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Magnesium oxide-based minerals such as serpentine and olivine may be used for long-term storage of CO2, from combustion of fossil fuels or industrial processes such as steel works, in the form of magnesium carbonate. Large resources of suitable minerals appear to exist in Finland and at many other locations worldwide. The efficiency of the mineral carbonation process can be evaluated using exergy analysis, which will allow for comparing different mineral deposits that are characterised by different composition and quality. Other factors that play a role are the temperature and pressure, the presence of other gases besides CO2 and the degree of magnesium carbonation that is reached. Important for the analysis is the calculation of the standard chemical exergy of the chemical species involved.

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Iizuka, Atsushi, Masato Honma, Yasuyuki Hayakawa, Akihiro Yamasaki, and Yukio Yanagisawa. "Aqueous Mineral Carbonation Process via Concrete Sludge." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 38, no. 2 (2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.38.129.

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Mpofu, Brendon, Hembe E. Mukaya, and Diakanua B. Nkazi. "Mineral carbonation process of carbon dioxide using animal bone." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (April 2021): 003685042110196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211019644.

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Carbon dioxide has been identified as one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Several carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed to mitigate the large quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, but these are quite expensive and not easy to implement. Thus, this research analyses the technical and economic feasibility of using calcium leached from cow bone to capture and store carbon dioxide through the mineral carbonation process. The capturing process of carbon dioxide was successful using the proposed technique of leaching calcium from cow shinbone (the tibia) in the presence of HCl by reacting the calcium solution with gaseous carbon dioxide. AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the concentration of calcium in leached solutions and the composition of calcium in cow bone respectively. The best leaching conditions were found to be 4 mole/L HCl and leaching time of 6 h. Under these conditions, a leaching efficiency of 91% and a calcium conversion of 83% in the carbonation reaction were obtained. Other factors such as carbonation time, agitation rate, and carbonation reaction temperature had little effect on the yield. A preliminary cost analysis showed that the cost to capture 1 ton of CO2 with the proposed technique is about US$ 268.32, which is in the acceptable range of the capturing process. However, the cost of material used and electricity should be reviewed to reduce the preliminary production cost.

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Kim, Hayeon, and Hyeongmin Son. "Utilization of Bio-Mineral Carbonation for Enhancing CO2 Sequestration and Mechanical Properties in Cementitious Materials." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060744.

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Microorganisms can perform mineral carbonation in various metabolic pathways, and this process can be utilized in the field of construction materials. The present study investigated the role of bio-mediated mineral carbonation in carbon sequestration performance and mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Bacterial-mediated ureolysis and CO2 hydration metabolism were selected as the main mechanisms for the mineral carbonation, and a microorganism, generating both urease and carbonic anhydrase, was incorporated into cementitious materials in the form of a bacterial culture solution. Four paste specimens were cured in water or carbonation conditions for 28 days, and a compressive strength test and a mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis were performed to investigate the changes in mechanical properties and microstructures. The obtained results showed that the pore size of the specimens incorporating bacteria was reduced by the precipitation of CaCO3 through the mineral carbonation process, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the paste specimens, regardless of the curing conditions. In addition, in the case of the paste specimens cured in carbonation conditions, more amorphous CaCO3 was observed and a larger amount of CaCO3 in the specimens incorporating the bacteria was measured than in the specimens without bacteria. This is attributed to promotion of the inflow and diffusion of CO2 via mineral carbonation through bacterial CO2 hydration metabolism.

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Tao, Meng-Jie, Ya-Jun Wang, Jun-Guo Li, Ya-Nan Zeng, Shao-Hua Liu, and Song Qin. "Slurry-Phase Carbonation Reaction Characteristics of AOD Stainless Steel Slag." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122266.

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Argon oxygen decarburization stainless steel slag (AOD slag) has high mineral carbonation activity. AOD slag carbonation has both the resource utilization of metallurgical waste slag and the carbon reduction effect of CO2 storage. This paper aimed to study carbonation reaction characteristics of AOD slag. Under the slurry-phase accelerated carbonation route, the effect of stirring speed (r) and reaction temperature (T) on AOD slag’s carbonation was studied by controlling the reaction conditions. Mineral composition analysis and microscopic morphology analysis were used to explore the mineral phase evolution of AOD slag during the carbonation process. Based on the unreacted core model, the kinetic model of the carbonation reaction of AOD slag was analyzed. The results showed that the carbonation ratio of AOD slag reached its maximum value of 66.7% under the reaction conditions of a liquid to solid ratio (L/S) of 8:1, a CO2 partial pressure of 0.2 MPa, a stirring speed of 450 r·min−1, and a reaction temperature of 80 °C. The carbonation reaction of AOD slag was controlled by internal diffusion, and the calculated apparent activation energy was 22.28 kJ/mol.

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Hemmati, Azadeh, Jalal Shayegan, Jie Bu, Tze Yuen Yeo, and Paul Sharratt. "Process optimization for mineral carbonation in aqueous phase." International Journal of Mineral Processing 130 (July 2014): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2014.05.007.

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Chai, Ye Eun, Salma Chalouati, Hugo Fantucci, and Rafael M. Santos. "Accelerated Weathering and Carbonation (Mild to Intensified) of Natural Canadian Silicates (Kimberlite and Wollastonite) for CO2 Sequestration." Crystals 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121584.

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Canada’s mineral reserves can play a very important role in curbing climate change if natural alkaline minerals are used for the process of mineral carbonation. In this work, the potential of using two Canadian natural silicates for accelerated carbonation is experimentally assessed: kimberlite mine tailing (Mg0.846Al0.165Fe0.147Ca0.067SiO3.381) from the Northwest Territories, and mined wollastonite ore (Ca0.609Mg0.132Al0.091Fe0.024SiO2.914) from Ontario. The aim of this work was to evaluate the weathering reactivity and CO2 uptake capacity via carbonation of these two comminuted rocks, both of which are made up of a mixture of alkaline minerals, under process conditions that spanned from milder to intensified. Research questions addressed include: does kimberlite contain a sufficient amount of reactive minerals to act as an effective carbon sink; is dehydroxylation necessary to activate kimberlite, and to what extent does it do this; do secondary phases of wollastonite hinder its reactivity; and can either of these minerals be carbonated without pH buffering, or only weathered? Incubator, slurry, and pressurized slurry methods of accelerated weathering and carbonation were used, and the effect of the process parameters (temperature, solid-to-liquid ration, reaction time, CO2 level, pH buffer) on the CO2 uptake and crystalline carbonates formation is tested. The reacted samples were analyzed by pH test, loss-on-ignition test, calcimeter test, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that wollastonite ore (rich in fast-weathering CaSiO3) is more suitable for accelerated carbonation than kimberlite tailing (containing slow-weathering hydrated magnesium silicates and aluminosilicates) when only its capability to rapidly form solid carbonates is considered. Incubator and pressurized buffered slurry methods proved to be most effective as under these conditions the precipitation of carbonates was more favorable, while the unbuffered slurry reaction conditions were more akin to accelerated weathering rather than accelerated carbonation.

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Wang, Ya-Jun, Meng-Jie Tao, Jun-Guo Li, Ya-Nan Zeng, Song Qin, and Shao-Hua Liu. "Carbonation of EAF Stainless Steel Slag and Its Effect on Chromium Leaching Characteristics." Crystals 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121498.

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EAF stainless steel slag (EAF slag) is one kind of chromium-bearing metallurgical solid waste, which belongs to alkaline steel slag, and contains a large number of alkaline mineral phases. The carbonation activity of these minerals gives EAF slag the capability to effectively capture CO2. In this paper, EAF slag samples with different carbonation degrees were prepared by the slurry-phase accelerated carbonation route. The mineralogical identification analysis was used to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively determine the types and contents of the carbonatable mineral phases in the EAF slag. The sequential leaching test was used to study the chromium leachabilities in EAF slags with different carbonation degrees. The results showed that the main minerals with carbonation activity in EAF slag were Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 and Ca2SiO4, with mass percentages of 56.9% and 23%, respectively. During the carbonation process, Ca2SiO4 was the main reactant and calcite was the main product. As the degree of carbonation increased, the pH of the EAF slags’ leachate gradually decreased while the redox potential (Eh) gradually increased. At the same time, a large amount of Ca2+ in the EAF slag combined with CO2 to form slightly soluble calcium carbonate, which led to a significant decrease in the conductivity of the leachate. With the gradual increase in carbonation ratio, the leachability of chromium in the EAF slag first decreased and then increased, and reached its lowest value when the CO2 uptake ratio was 11.49%.

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Molahid, Verma Loretta M., Faradiella Mohd Kusin, Sharifah Nur Munirah Syed Hasan, Noor Allesya Alis Ramli, and Ahmad Makmom Abdullah. "CO2 Sequestration through Mineral Carbonation: Effect of Different Parameters on Carbonation of Fe-Rich Mine Waste Materials." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020432.

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Mineral carbonation is an increasingly popular method for carbon capture and storage that resembles the natural weathering process of alkaline-earth oxides for carbon dioxide removal into stable carbonates. This study aims to evaluate the potential of reusing Fe-rich mine waste for carbon sequestration by assessing the influence of pH condition, particle size fraction and reaction temperature on the carbonation reaction. A carbonation experiment was performed in a stainless steel reactor at ambient pressure and at a low temperature. The results indicated that the alkaline pH of waste samples was suitable for undergoing the carbonation process. Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of essential minerals for carbonation, i.e., magnetite, wollastonite, anorthite and diopside. The chemical composition exhibited the presence of iron and calcium oxides (39.58–62.95%) in wastes, indicating high possibilities for carbon sequestration. Analysis of the carbon uptake capacity revealed that at alkaline pH (8–12), 81.7–87.6 g CO2/kg of waste were sequestered. Furthermore, a particle size of <38 µm resulted in 83.8 g CO2/kg being sequestered from Fe-rich waste, suggesting that smaller particle sizes highly favor the carbonation process. Moreover, 56.1 g CO2/kg of uptake capacity was achieved under a low reaction temperature of 80 °C. These findings have demonstrated that Fe-rich mine waste has a high potential to be utilized as feedstock for mineral carbonation. Therefore, Fe-rich mine waste can be regarded as a valuable resource for carbon sinking while producing a value-added carbonate product. This is in line with the sustainable development goals regarding combating global climate change through a sustainable low-carbon industry and economy that can accelerate the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

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Ma, Jun Tao, Zhong He Shui, Wei Chen, and Xiao Xing Chen. "Carbonation Behavior of Concrete in Cyclic Wetting-Drying Environment." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.126.

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The cyclic wetting-drying environment affects the internal microstructure and durability of hardened concrete. The carbonation behavior of concrete in cyclic wetting-drying condition and standard condition is investigated in this study. The concrete specimens are designed with different contents of mixed mineral and carbonated in different curing condition. The carbonation depth is tested to study the carbonation process in combination of pore structure analysis and microstructural observations. The experimental results show that the carbonation reaction of concrete in cyclic wetting-drying condition proceeds more rapidly. When mixed mineral is added, difference in the curing condition shows less effect on the carbonation behavior of concrete.

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Jaschik, Jolanta, Manfred Jaschik, and Krzysztof Warmuziński. "The utilisation of fly ash in CO2 mineral carbonation." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0004.

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Abstract The fixation of CO2 in the form of inorganic carbonates, also known as mineral carbonation, is an interesting option for the removal of carbon dioxide from various gas streams. The captured CO2 is reacted with metal-oxide bearing materials, usually naturally occurring minerals. The alkaline industrial waste, such as fly ash can also be considered as a source of calcium or magnesium. In the present study the solubility of fly ash from conventional pulverised hard coal fired boilers, with and without desulphurisation products, and fly ash from lignite fluidised bed combustion, generated by Polish power stations was analysed. The principal objective was to assess the potential of fly ash used as a reactant in the process of mineral carbonation. Experiments were done in a 1 dm3 reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a stirrer. The rate of dissolution in water and in acid solutions was measured at various temperatures (20 - 80ºC), waste-to-solvent ratios (1:100 - 1:4) and stirrer speeds (300 - 1100 min-1). Results clearly show that fluidised lignite fly ash has the highest potential for carbonation due to its high content of free CaO and fast kinetics of dissolution, and can be employed in mineral carbonation of CO2.

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Liu, Songhui, Xuemao Guan, Haibo Zhang, Yuli Wang, and Mifeng Gou. "Revealing the Microstructure Evolution and Carbonation Hardening Mechanism of β-C2S Pastes by Backscattered Electron Images." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091561.

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β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S) minerals were prepared. The compositions, microstructures, and distributions of the carbonation products of hardened β-C2S paste were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and backscattered electron (BSE) image analysis. The results show that a dense hardened paste of β-C2S can be obtained after 24 h of carbonation curing. The hardened pastes are composed of pores, silica gel, calcium carbonate, and unreacted dicalcium silicate, with relative volume fractions of 1.3%, 42.1%, 44.9%, and 11.7%, respectively. The unreacted dicalcium silicate is encapsulated with a silica gel rim, and the pores between the original dicalcium silicate particles are filled with calcium carbonate. The sufficient carbonation products that rapidly formed during the carbonation curing process, forming a dense microstructure, are responsible for the carbonation hardening of the β-C2S mineral.

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Syed Hasan, Sharifah Nur Munirah, Faradiella Mohd Kusin, Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud, Muhammad Anwar Saadon, Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff, and Zulfa Hanan Ash’aari. "Characterization of Gold Mining Waste for Carbon Sequestration and Utilization as Supplementary Cementitious Material." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081384.

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This study aims to identify the potential of gold mining waste for CO2 sequestration and its utilization for carbon storage in cementitious material. Samples of mine waste were identified from a gold mine for mineralogical and chemical composition analysis using X-ray diffractogram and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. Mine waste was utilized in a brick-making process as supplementary cementitious material and as an agent for CO2 capture and storage in bricks. Carbonation curing was incorporated in brick fabrication to estimate CO2 uptake of the brick product. Results indicated that the mine wastes were composed of silicate minerals essential for mineral carbonation such as muscovite and illite (major) and chlorite-serpentine, aerinite, albite and stilpnomelane (moderate/minor phases). The mine wastes were identified as belonging to the highly pozzolanic category, which has a great role in improving the strength properties of brick products. Carbonated minerals served as an additional binder that increased the strength of the product. CO2 uptake of the product was between 0.24% and 0.57% for bricks containing 40–60% of gold mine waste, corresponding to 7.2–17.1 g CO2/brick. Greater performance in terms of compressive strength and water adsorption was observed for bricks with 3 h carbonation curing. The carbonation product was evidenced by strong peaks of calcite and reduced peaks for calcium hydroxide from XRD analysis and was supported by a densified and crystalline microstructure of materials. It has been demonstrated that gold mine waste is a potential feedstock for mineral carbonation, and its utilization for permanent carbon storage in brick making is in line with the concept of CCUS for environmental sustainability.

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Ye, Junhao, Songhui Liu, Yue Zhao, Yuan Li, Jingrui Fang, Haibo Zhang, and Xuemao Guan. "Development of Ultrafine Mineral Admixture from Magnesium Slag and Sequestration of CO2." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010204.

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To upcycle magnesium slag solid waste (MS) as well as sequester CO2, a new wet carbonation process was proposed to activate the volcanic ash activity of MS and use it as an ultrafine mineral admixture for cement. The effects of different carbonation times on the activity of MS were investigated, and the phase assemblage, as well as the changes in the microstructure and pore structure during the carbonation process, was also characterized using multiple techniques, such as TG-DTG, XRD, FT-IR, 29Si NMR spectrum, SEM, and BET, to further reveal the carbonation activation mechanism of MS under wet carbonation. Moreover, the effects of MS before and after carbonation on the compressive strength of the composite cement paste were investigated to verify the feasibility of carbonated MS as an ultrafine mineral admixture. The results show that the products of MS generated after a short carbonation reaction were mainly highly polymerized calcium–silicate–hydrate gel and a large amount of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and aragonite with a size of about 1 μm. The CO2 sequestration rate of MS reached 22.14%. Compared to pure cement, carbonated MS can replace 30% of the cement clinker without compromising compressive strength. The above results offer potential possibilities for upgrading the utilization of MS and CO2 sequestration in the cement industry.

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Tong, Zhibo, Guojun Ma, and Dan Zhou. "Simulating Continuous Counter-Current Leaching Process for Indirect Mineral Carbonation Under Microwave Irradiation." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.123.

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Mineral carbonation is a promising avenue to realize a deep reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Though many methods were studied to improve the leaching ratio of mineral leached by ammonium salt, little attention has been received to the problem that the calcium leaching ratio increases while its concentration drops rapidly with the liquid-solid ratio increasing. The continuous counter-current leaching for mineral carbonation process under microwave irradiation is proposed in this study, and the results show that the simulating continuous counter-current leaching process in this article not only is beneficial to improve the leaching ratio and concentration of calcium ions in solution at the same time, but also increases the relative purity of calcium in leached solution. And the produced calcium carbonate products meet the requirements of industrial precipitation of calcium carbonate.

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Herring, Anna, Penelope L. King, Mohammad Saadatfar, Fatin Mahdini, Afiq Muzhafar Kemis Yahyah, and Edward Andò. "3D microstructure controls on mineral carbonation." Journal of CO2 Utilization 47 (May 2021): 101494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101494.

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Haibier, Abuduhelili, and Yong Xin Wu. "Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Carbonation and Chloride Ingress of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.878.

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Reinforcement corrosion is one important factor affecting the durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures. Concrete carbonation and chloride ion penetration is the main cause leading to steel corrosion, also important indicators affecting the service life of concrete structures. An accelerated carbonation experiment and Chloride penetration experiment was carried out on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and admixture concrete in various conditions. Eight concrete specimens of different mixture properties were tested in experiment. Resistance of OPC concrete system with and without mineral admixture (fly ash, slag) and air-entraining agent against carbonation was investigated. Besides, the influence of mineral admixture on the chloride penetration was also studied. The carbonation process and the factors affecting concrete carbonation are discussed according to test results. The test results were presented and they were in good agreement with the results of previous research.

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Lee, Sangmin, Seong Min Yeon, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Evaluation of Accelerated Mineral Carbonation Efficiency Using Industrial By-products and Estimation of Its Domestic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Potential." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 44, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.1.21.

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Objectives : Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), a cement industrial by-product, was used in this study to improve the effectiveness of CO2 removal and increase the production of precipitate calcium carbonate (PCC) in the accelerated mineral carbonation process, differentiating injection flow rate of alkaline agent into the process. Further, CKD, slag, waste cement powder (WC), coal fly ash (CFA) which are mainly used for mineral carbonation, were also compared for their total CO2 removal capability by the year.Methods : The morphology and composition of CKD were analyzed using FE-SEM, EDS and XRD to evaluate its applicability to mineral carbonation, and CKD extract and 1N NaOH were added into the reactor with the flow rate range of 1.1 to 3.0 mL/min for longer reaction time. And DTA was carried out for purity analysis of PCC. Last, for annual CO2 removal potential evaluation, CKD, slag, WC and CFA was compared based on the result from this and previous researches.Results : Result showed that 1N NaOH injection at flow rate of 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 mL/min accelerated the CO2 removal by the 61.7, 77.2, 41.5% and 48.2, 52.2, 54.3 g of PCC was generated respectively. The annual amount of industrial by-product in Korea is 26,664,893 tons/year, 8,000,000 tons/year, 2,531,750 ~ 7,595,250 tons/year and 884,854 tons/year, respectively, in order of Slag, CFA, CKD, waste concrete fine powder (WC). Thus, the annual removal of CO2 could be estimated in order of CKD > Slag > CFA > WC.Conclusion CKD is a fine powder form with a high specific surface area, high calcium content, and high alkalinity. Therefore, CKD is superior to waste concrete or slag in mineral carbonation in removing CO2 and generating PCC. Considering the annual amount of CO2 removal when applying industrial by-products to the CCUS process, CKD and slag are considered the most economical mineral carbonation materials.

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Shuto, Daiki, Hiroki Nagasawa, Atsushi Iizuka, and Akihiro Yamasaki. "A CO2fixation process with waste cement powder via regeneration of alkali and acid by electrodialysis." RSC Adv. 4, no. 38 (2014): 19778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00130c.

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Wu, Qi Sheng, Hong Xia Gu, Tao Yang, Chang Sen Zhang, Zhi An Min, and Yang Wu. "Analysis of Mechanical Performance and Microstructure of Steel Slag Processed with Accelerated Carbonation." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 1240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.1240.

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The accelerated carbonation with different pressure steaming conditions was used to process the steel slag, so the slag could turn into a primary cementitious product with carbonation activity. XRD, FTIR, TG, N2 absorption BET surface area analyzer and SEM were used to characterize the mineral and chemical compositions and microstructure of each sample before and after the carbonation. The results show that: the carbonation products with different morphologies are formed under different temperature conditions. The optimum temperature for the accelerated carbonation for processing the steel slag is selected to be 90 °C, which results in the compressive strength of 32.8 MPa. The BET specific surface area of the steel slag reduces after carbonation, the sample density increased after carbonation.

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Azdarpour, Amin, Mohammad Asadullah, Radzuan Junin, Muhammad Manan, Hossein Hamidi, and Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud. "Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation Through pH-swing Process: A Review." Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 2783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.311.

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Fantucci, H., and R. M. Santos. "Mineral carbonation as a design project for green chemical engineering education." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012009.

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Abstract Accelerated mineral carbonation is a promising CO2 sequestration technology that is strongly linked to concepts of sustainability and Green Chemistry, and its process requirements apply principles of reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, and materials characterization. The present work aimed to develop educational tools for including accelerated mineral carbonation in chemical engineering curricula. To this end, an experimental investigation laboratory procedure and a design project outline have been conceived. As a way to further engage students in this learning experience, the process conditions for the laboratory work are varied between groups of students, and the experimental data obtained are pooled to be used by every group for the subsequent design exercise. This is meant to give students motivation to generate accurate data that they knew would be useful for the entire class and, at the same time, provide students with the opportunity to use data generated by colleagues, much in the same way the design work is done in the industry. In the design project, students use the experimental data obtained by themselves and classmates on the accelerated mineral carbonation of wollastonite, to determine if this is a feasible process for industry to sequester carbon dioxide, in view of mitigating climate change. Also, they use the experimental data, acquired using a range of process conditions, to study the effect of the process variables (CO2 pressure and mixing rate) on the carbonation kinetics and mass transfer rate. The focus of our previously published article was on the experimental investigation, while the focus of this conference paper is on the design project.

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Fantucci, Hugo, Jaspreet S. Sidhu, and Rafael M. Santos. "Mineral Carbonation as an Educational Investigation of Green Chemical Engineering Design." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154156.

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Engaging students in the experimental design of “green” technology is a challenge in Chemical Engineering undergraduate programs. This concept paper demonstrates an educational methodology to investigate accelerated mineral carbonation, which is a promising technology related to mitigation of climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources as stable solid carbonates. An experimental investigation is conceived, whereby students test the effect of two process parameters (CO2 pressure and mixing rate) on the extent of carbonation reaction. The carbonation reaction has been performed using a mineral called wollastonite (CaSiO3). The experimental study and laboratory report cover principles of reaction kinetics and mass transfer, while illustrating the steps to develop and investigate a green process technology. The results from the experimental investigation, which is carried out by multiple teams of students, are then pooled and used to guide a subsequent design project. Students would conceive a flowsheet, size equipment, and estimate the energy demand and net CO2 sequestration efficiency of a full-scale implementation of the mineral carbonation technology. This educational investigation aims to help undergraduate students to acquire deeper experiential learning and greater awareness of future green technologies by applying fundamental engineering principles into an engaging experimental and design exercise.

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Koivisto and Zevenhoven. "Energy Use of Flux Salt Recovery Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for a CO2 Mineralisation Process." Entropy 21, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040395.

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Mineral carbonation routes have been extensively studied for almost two decades at Åbo Akademi University, focusing on the extraction of magnesium from magnesium silicates using ammonium sulfate (AS) and/or ammonium bisulfate (ABS) flux salt followed by carbonation. There is, however, a need for proper recovery and recirculation of chemicals involved. This study focused on the separation of AS, ABS and aqueous ammonia using different setups of bipolar membrane electrodialysis using both synthetic and rock-derived solutions. Bipolar membranes offer the possibility to split water, which in turn makes it possible to regenerate chemicals like acids and bases needed in mineral carbonation without excess gas formation. Tests were run in batch, continuous, and recirculating mode, and exergy (electricity) input during the tests was calculated. The results show that separation of ions was achieved, even if the solutions obtained were still too weak for use in the downstream process to control pH. Energy demand for separating 1 kg of NH4+ varied in the range 1.7, 3.4, 302 and 340 MJ/kg NH4+, depending on setup chosen. More work must hence be done in order to make the separation more efficient, such as narrowing the cell width.

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Li, Gang Lin, Zong Hui Zhou, and Xin Cheng. "Green Manufacture of Building Bricks by Carbonating Steel Slags." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1313.

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Carbon dioxide emission and industrial waste recycling have become hot spots of the world's scientific research, and the preparation of brick in CO2 mineral carbonation of steel slag increased gradually. However, there still exists some questions, such as low strength, low carbonization efficiency. Combined with these problems and according to the previous experimental basis, this study aims to further improve the carbonation efficiency and mechanical properties of building materials. In this paper, it studied the influence of carbonization pressure in the preparation of steel slag bricks as building materials by CO2 mineral carbonation. The results show that the optimal carbonization pressure is about 0.25MPa. Under the process parameters, the carbonization efficiency and the compressive strength is 16.6% and 65.1MPa respectively.

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Ławińska, Katarzyna, Szymon Szufa, Andrzej Obraniak, Tomasz Olejnik, Robert Siuda, Jerzy Kwiatek, and Dominika Ogrodowczyk. "Disc Granulation Process of Carbonation Lime Mud as a Method of Post-Production Waste Management." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133419.

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Carbonation lime mud is a by-product formed during the production of sugar in the process of raw beetroot juice purification. On average, during one campaign, over 12,000 tons of carbonation lime mud is obtained in the operation of one sugar production plant. It is stored in prisms, which negatively affects the environment. The chemical properties of carbonation lime mud allow using it as a soil improver. This article presents the results of research into the development of carbonation lime mud disposal technology and its management. The chemical composition and physical properties of waste were determined. It has been proposed to use carbonation lime mud as the basic raw material in the production of mineral–organic fertilizers. Tests were conducted in a disc granulator. The granulated material was wetted with water and aqueous solution of molasses. Carbonation lime mud is a material that is easily subjected to the granulation process, using any wetting liquid. The beds wetted with 33% and 66% solutions of molasses are characterized by a greater homogeneity and smaller size of the obtained product. During experiments in which wetting with water was applied, the product obtained after drying demonstrated low resistance to compression; granules wetted with 33% aqueous solution of molasses demonstrated resistance to compression below 10 N; and granules wetted with 66% aqueous solution of molasses demonstrated resistance to compression above 10 N.

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Lee, Sangmin, and Yeonjin Kim. "Kinetic Analysis of CO2 Sequestration Mechanism for Accelerated Mineral Carbonation Process." Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2018.18.1.141.

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Fagerlund, Johan, Sebastian Teir, Experience Nduagu, and Ron Zevenhoven. "Carbonation of magnesium silicate mineral using a pressurised gas/solid process." Energy Procedia 1, no. 1 (February 2009): 4907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.321.

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Azdarpour, Amin, Mohammad Asadullah, Erfan Mohammadian, Hossein Hamidi, Radzuan Junin, and Mohammad Afkhami Karaei. "A review on carbon dioxide mineral carbonation through pH-swing process." Chemical Engineering Journal 279 (November 2015): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.064.

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Azadi, Mehdi, Mansour Edraki, Faezeh Farhang, and Jiwhan Ahn. "Opportunities for Mineral Carbonation in Australia’s Mining Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051250.

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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) via mineral carbonation is an effective method for long-term storage of carbon dioxide and combating climate change. Implemented at a large-scale, it provides a viable solution to harvesting and storing the modern crisis of GHGs emissions. To date, technological and economic barriers have inhibited broad-scale utilisation of mineral carbonation at industrial scales. This paper outlines the mineral carbonation process; discusses drivers and barriers of mineral carbonation deployment in Australian mining; and, finally, proposes a unique approach to commercially viable CCUS within the Australian mining industry by integrating mine waste management with mine site rehabilitation, and leveraging relationships with local coal-fired power station. This paper discusses using alkaline mine and coal-fired power station waste (fly ash, red mud, and ultramafic mine tailings, i.e., nickel, diamond, PGE (platinum group elements), and legacy asbestos mine tailings) as the feedstock for CCUS to produce environmentally benign materials, which can be used in mine reclamation. Geographical proximity of mining operations, mining waste storage facilities and coal-fired power stations in Australia are identified; and possible synergies between them are discussed. This paper demonstrates that large-scale alkaline waste production and mine site reclamation can become integrated to mechanise CCUS. Furthermore, financial liabilities associated with such waste management and site reclamation could overcome many of the current economic setbacks of retrofitting CCUS in the mining industry. An improved approach to commercially viable climate change mitigation strategies available to the mining industry is reviewed in this paper.

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Uliasz-Bocheńczyk, Alicja, and Eugeniusz Mokrzycki. "CO2 mineral sequestration with the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0008.

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Abstract The mineral sequestration using waste products is a method of reducing CO2 emissions that is particularly interesting for major emitters and producers of mineral wastes, such as iron and steel industries. The CO2 emissions from iron and steel production amounted to 6,181.07 kt in 2014 (PNIR 2016). The aforementioned industry participates in the EU emission trading system (EU ETS). However, blast furnace processes produce mineral waste - slag with a high content of CaO which can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Metallurgical slag can be used to carry out direct (a one-step process) or indirect (two-stage process) process of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide. The paper presents the degree of carbonation of the examined samples of granulated blast furnace slags defined by the six-digit code (10 02 01) for the waste and the respective two-digit (10 02) chapter heading, according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 9 December 2014 on the waste catalogue. The carbonation process used the direct gas-solid method. The slags were wetted on the surface and treated with CO2 for 28 days; the obtained results were compared with the analysis of fresh waste products. The analyzed slags are characterized by a high content of calcium (nearly 24%), while their theoretical binding capacity of CO2 is up to 34.1%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the phase composition of slags has revealed the presence of amorphous glass phase, which was confirmed with the thermogravimetric (DTA/TG) analysis. The process of mineral sequestration of CO2 has resulted in a significant amount (9.32%) of calcium carbonate - calcite, while the calculated degree of carbonation of the examined blast furnace slag is up to 39%. The high content of calcium, and a significant content of CaCO3-calcite, has confirmed the suitability of the discussed waste products to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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Fomina, Ekaterina Victorovna, Valery S. Lesovik, M. I. Kozhukhova, and Elena B. Solovyova. "The Raw Materials Genetic Characteristics Role in Autoclave Cellular Concrete Carbonation Process." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.224.

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Nowadays, in order to design durable construction materials all collected knowledge on material science as well as modern technologies allow solving the problems by applying mimicry or nature-like are technologies based on interdisciplinary study of geonics. Considering the principles of geology, it is important to study the influence of genetic characteristics of raw materials on structural performance and durability of final construction materials. The following paper focuses on assessment of effect of genetic characteristics of industrial by-products such as materials derived from iron-ore production at the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly on carbonation resistance in autoclave cellular concrete was studied. The secondary products of ore rigging process, the screening fraction of sandstone, shale rocks as well as tailings of wet magnetic separation were used as a quartz-bearing mineral components. The evaluaton parameters in this study were compressive strength, density and carbonation resistance of autoclave cellular concrete (ACC) specimens. The carbonation process was reproduced in laboratory prepared concrete. In order to eccelerate carbonation reaction all specimens were stored in a sealed chamber saturated with CO2. The density and compressive strength characteristics of ACC with regular quartz sand were 630 kg/m3 and 3.6 МPа, respectively. The same parameters were slightly higher in case of full replacement of quartz sand by sand stone and demonstrated 655 kg/m3 and 3.9 МPа, respectively, and carbonation resistance was increased by 20 %. The results support the view, that screening fraction of sandstone that had been formed under natural metamorphosis is more preferable for use in ACC production. Full replacement of regular quartz sand by sand stone in ACC specimens showed improved compressive strength and carbonation resistance.

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Park, Jinyoung, Jinkyun Lee, Chul-Woo Chung, Sookyun Wang, and Minhee Lee. "Accelerated Carbonation of Recycled Aggregates Using the Pressurized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sparging Process." Minerals 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060486.

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The carbonation of recycled aggregate was accelerated by sparging with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to reduce the amount of time needed for carbonation, which is necessary for the pH neutralization of recycled aggregate. To accelerate the carbonation process, pressurized scCO2 was sparged into two different types of recycled aggregates immersed in water for 1 h, followed by standstill for 2 h (in total, a 3 h treatment process). The reduction of the pH of the treated aggregates due to carbonation was investigated using batch extraction experiments. A continuous column extraction experiment for the scCO2-sparged recycled aggregate was also performed to identify the effect of pH reduction under the condition of non-equilibrium reaction. From XRD, SEM/EDS, and TG/DTA analyses, much of the portlandite in the recycled aggregates was consumed. In its place, calcite was created as a secondary mineral during only 3 h of treatment (1 h scCO2 sparging and 2 h stationing), indicating satisfactory carbonation of the aggregate. The results of the batch extraction experiments for both of the two recycled aggregate types also showed that the average pH of scCO2-sparged aggregate decreased from 12.0 to <9.8 (the tolerance limit for recycling). The pH of the eluent from the column packed with the scCO2-sparged aggregate also remained as <9.8, suggesting that a 1 h scCO2 sparging process is sufficient to carbonate waste concrete aggregate and to create an alternative construction material resource.

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Julcour, Carine, Florent Bourgeois, Benjamin Bonfils, Imane Benhamed, François Guyot, Françoise Bodénan, Charlotte Petiot, and Éric C. Gaucher. "Development of an attrition-leaching hybrid process for direct aqueous mineral carbonation." Chemical Engineering Journal 262 (February 2015): 716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.031.

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Sanna, Aimaro, and M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer. "CO2 Sequestration Using a Novel Na-salts pH Swing Mineral Carbonation Process." Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 5897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.624.

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Moazzem, S., M. G. Rasul, and M. M. K. Khan. "Energy recovery opportunities from mineral carbonation process in coal fired power plant." Applied Thermal Engineering 51, no. 1-2 (March 2013): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.09.021.

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Azdarpour, Amin, Mohammad Asadullah, Radzuan Junin, Muhammad Manan, Hossein Hamidi, and Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud. "ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation Through PH-Swing Process: A Review." ChemInform 46, no. 34 (August 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201534314.

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Uliasz-Bocheńczyk, Alicja, Aleksandra Pawluk, and Michał Pyzalski. "The mineral sequestration of CO2 with the use of fly ash from the co-combustion of coal and biomass." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0044.

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Summary As a result of energy production processes, the power industry is the largest source of CO2 emissions in Poland. Emissions from the energy sector accounted for 52.37% (162 689.57 kt) of the total emissions in 2015, which was estimated at 310.64 million tons of CO2. In recent years, the tightening of regulations on the use of renewable energy sources has resulted in an increased amount of biomass used in the professional energy industry. This is due to the fact that the CO2 emissions from biomass combustion are not included in the total emissions from the combustion of fuels, resulting in the zero- emission factor for biomass. At the same time, according to the hierarchy of waste management methods, recycling is the preferred option for the management of by-products generated during energy production. The fly ashes resulting from the biomass combustion in pulverized boilers (which, due to their chemical composition, can be classified as silicate ash) were subjected to analysis. These ashes can be classified as waste 10 01 17 - fly ash from co-firing other than mentioned in 10 01 16 according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of December 9, 2014 on waste catalogues. The maximum theoretical carbon dioxide binding capacity for the analyzed fly ashes resulting from the co-combustion of biomass is 8.03%. The phase composition analysis of the fly ashes subjected to carbonation process has shown, in addition to the components identified in pure fly ash samples (SiO2, mullite), the presence of calcium carbonate − calcite − the primary product of the carbonation process, as indicated by the results of both X-ray and thermogravimetric analysis.The degree of carbonation has been determined based on the analysis of the results of the phase composition of fly ash resulting from the co-firing of biomass and bituminous coal. The calculated degree of carbonation amounted to 1.51%. The carbonation process is also confirmed by the lowered pH of the water extracts, decreasing from 11.96 for pure ashes to 8.7 for CO2 treated fly ashes. In addition, the carbonation process has reduced the leaching of pollutants, most notably chlorides, sulphates, and potassium.

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Zhang, Hongzhi, Yingxuan Shao, Ning Zhang, Abdullah M. Tawfek, Yanhua Guan, Renjuan Sun, Changjin Tian, and Branko Šavija. "Carbonation Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Coupled Sustained Flexural Load and Accelerated Carbonation." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 6192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186192.

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Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) belong to a broad class of fibre-reinforced concrete. They incorporate synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres, cement, fly ash and fine aggregates, and are designed to have a tensile strain capacity typically beyond 3%. This paper presents an investigation on the carbonation behaviour of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) under coupled sustained flexural load and accelerated carbonation. The carbonation depth under a sustained stress level of 0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 relative to flexural strength was measured after 7, 14 and 28 days of accelerated carbonation. Thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry and microhardness measurements were carried out to show the coupled influence of sustained flexural load and accelerated carbonation on the changes of the mineral phases, porosity, pore size distribution and microhardness along the carbonation profile. A modified carbonation depth model that can be used to consider the coupled effect of flexural tensile stress and carbonation time was proposed. The results show that an exponential relationship can be observed between stress influence coefficient and flexural tensile stress level in the carbonation depth model of ECC, which is different when using plain concrete. Areas with a higher carbonation degree have greater microhardness, even under a large sustained load level, as the carbonation process refines the pore structure and the fibre bridges the crack effectively.

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Łączny, Marian Jacek, Sebastian Iwaszenko, and Adam Smoliński. "Process Kinetics of the Carbonation of Fly Ashes: A Research Study." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020253.

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The aim of the paper is to present the results of research on the carbonation process kinetics of coal combustion ashes originating from fluidized bed boilers used in power plants. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the hypothesis that carbon dioxide is bounded by the mineral substances (calcium compounds) in the fly ashes was confirmed. Determining the kinetic parameters of the carbonation of fly ashes requires simultaneously taking into consideration the kinetics of the drying process of the sample. The drying process of the sample masks the effect of the reaction of CO2 with calcium compound. Unlike the ashes generated in pulverized fuel boilers, fly ashes contain irregular amorphic mineral components or poorly crystalized products of complete or partial dehydroxylation of claystone substance present in shale formations constituting the gangue as well as anhydrite (CaSO4), a desulfurization product. The content of free calcium oxide (CaO) in such ashes ranges from a few to several percent, which is a significant obstacle considering their use in cement and concrete production as type II admixtures understood to be inorganic grained materials of pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties. The paper presents effective mechanisms which reduce the content of free CaO in ashes from Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) boilers to a level that allows their commercial utilization in the cement industry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mineral carbonation process'

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