Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mineral compounds of nitrogen

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mineral compounds of nitrogen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

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Volkohon, V. V., S. B. Dimova, К. І. Volkohon, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN MINERAL FERTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL CULTURES BY THE PARAMETERS OF THE INTENSITY OF THE NITROGEN FIXATION AND DENITRIFICATION PROCESSES." Agriciltural microbiology 30 (December 3, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.30.3-12.

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Objective. Investigate the performance of the nitrogen fixation and process of N-N2O loss un-der the cultivation of potatoes and peas on the leached chornozem under various mineral agrarian backgrounds and the use of microbial preparations and to determine the ecological compromise normal rate of mineral nitrogen, under which the emission losses of nitrogen compounds will not exceed the intake of “biological” nitrogen in agrocenoses. Methods. Field experiment, gas chroma-tographic. Results. Studies of the activity of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in situ in potato and pea agrocenoses using different rates of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations, with subsequent calculations of the parameters of intake of the “biological” nitrogen and emission loss-es of the element indicate the possibility of determining the conditions (doses of mineral nitrogen) for which equality between profit and non-productive expenditure of the nitrogen balance is achieved. This amount of mineral nitrogen can be considered environmentally permissible, its ex-cess is undesirable due to a decrease in the intake of “biological” nitrogen and increased activity of the denitrification process. For potatoes grown on leached chornozem, environmentally permis-sible nitrogen fertilizer rate should be considered as 80 kg/ha, for peas — 60 kg/ha. The use of mi-crobial preparations in the cultivation of crops promotes an increase in the range of environmen-tally permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen due to the formation of conditions under which the bacterization of plants require more nitrogen compounds to ensure a constructive metabolism, which additionally to increased nitrogen fixation activity is accompanied by an increase in the level of consumption of mineral nitrogen in the soil. At the same time, the activity of biological denitrifi-cation becomes reduced. Based on the obtained parameters, a model of optimization of nitrogen mineral fertilization of agricultural cultures was developed. Conclusion. It is advisable to deter-mine the ecologically permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen fertilization of crops by the per-formance indices of the nitrogen fixation process and N-N2O losses. In this case, the emission losses of nitrogen compounds should not exceed the levels of intake of biologically bound nitrogen in ag-rocenoses.
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Voigt, Christian C., Krista A. Capps, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Robert H. Michener, Thomas H. Kunz, and Robert Brooks. "Nutrition or Detoxification: Why Bats Visit Mineral Licks of the Amazonian Rainforest." PLoS ONE 3, no. 4 (2008): e2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484774.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many animals in the tropics of Africa, Asia and South America regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. Whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. In the Amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. We measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, and in an obligate fruit-eating bat, Artibeus obscurus, captured at mineral licks and at control sites in the rainforest. Carollia perspicillata with a plant-dominated diet were more often captured at mineral licks than individuals with an insect-dominated diet, although insects were more mineral depleted than fruits. In contrast, nitrogen isotope ratios of A. obscurus did not differ between individuals captured at mineral lick versus control sites. We conclude that pregnant and lactating fruit-eating bats do not visit mineral licks principally for minerals, but instead to buffer the effects of secondary plant compounds that they ingest in large quantities during periods of high energy demand. These findings have potential implications for the role of mineral licks for mammals in general, including humans.
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Voigt, Christian C., Krista A. Capps, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Robert H. Michener, Thomas H. Kunz, and Robert Brooks. "Nutrition or Detoxification: Why Bats Visit Mineral Licks of the Amazonian Rainforest." PLoS ONE 3, no. 4 (2008): e2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484774.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many animals in the tropics of Africa, Asia and South America regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. Whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. In the Amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. We measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, and in an obligate fruit-eating bat, Artibeus obscurus, captured at mineral licks and at control sites in the rainforest. Carollia perspicillata with a plant-dominated diet were more often captured at mineral licks than individuals with an insect-dominated diet, although insects were more mineral depleted than fruits. In contrast, nitrogen isotope ratios of A. obscurus did not differ between individuals captured at mineral lick versus control sites. We conclude that pregnant and lactating fruit-eating bats do not visit mineral licks principally for minerals, but instead to buffer the effects of secondary plant compounds that they ingest in large quantities during periods of high energy demand. These findings have potential implications for the role of mineral licks for mammals in general, including humans.
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Bingham, A. H., and M. F. Cotrufo. "Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (2015): 587–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-587-2015.

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Abstract. Nitrogen is one of the most important ecosystem nutrients and often its availability limits net primary production as well as stabilization of soil organic matter. The long-term storage of nitrogen-containing organic matter in soils was classically attributed to chemical complexity of plant and microbial residues that retarded microbial degradation. Recent advances have revised this framework, with the understanding that persistent soil organic matter consists largely of chemically labile, microbially processed organic compounds. Chemical bonding to minerals and physical protection in aggregates are more important to long-term (i.e., centuries to millennia) preservation of these organic compounds that contain the bulk of soil nitrogen rather than molecular complexity, with the exception of nitrogen in pyrogenic organic matter. This review examines the factors and mechanisms that influence the long-term sequestration of organic nitrogen in mineral soils. It examines the policy and management implications which stem from this newly accepted paradigm, such as critical loads considerations and nitrogen saturation and mitigation consequences. Finally, it emphasizes how essential it is for this important but underappreciated pool to be better quantified and incorporated into policy and management decisions.
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Volkohon, V. V., T. Yu Brytan, and O. V. Pyrih. "DEVELOPMENT OF MICROORGANISMS AND TRENDS OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN LEACHED CHORNOZEM UNDER SIMULATION OF DEFICIENCY OF THE FRESH ORGANIC MATTER AND THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN." Agriciltural microbiology 28 (July 10, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.28.3-16.

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Objective. Study the peculiarities of the development of microorganisms and trends of biological processes in the soil under the influence of mineral nitrogen under the conditions of simulation of the deficiency of fresh organic matter.
 Methods. Microbiological, agrochemical, gas chromatographic, statistical.
 Results. In the conditions of the vegetative experiment under the simulation of the deficiency of fresh organic matter (preparation of soil in accordance with the method of determining the content of humus) in the leached chornozem, the effect of increasing doses of mineral nitrogen on the dynamics of the number of representatives of certain ecological trophic groups of microorganisms and the course of soil-biological processes that accompany the mineralization of humus was studied. Nitrogen fertilizers, under given conditions, stimulate the development of ammonifiers, microorganisms that mainly utilize mineral compounds of nitrogen, denitrifiers, cellulolytic bacteria, activates biological nitrogen and carbon dioxide emission processes. In this case, the need for carbon to provide metabolic processes of microorganisms can meet only at the expense of destruction of humus compounds. When the fresh organic matter is introduced in the soil in the form of straw chopped to sawdust, as well as under the growth of barley, the activity of biological denitrification is reduced. At the end of the experiment, the content of total carbon in the soil has a clear tendency to decrease with increasing doses of mineral nitrogen – according to the variants: without fertilizers, control – 2.97 %, 13 mg N/kg of soil – 2.91 %, 26 mg N/kg – 2.88 %, 39 mg N/kg – 2.85 %.
 Conclusion. Under the deficiency of fresh organic matter in leached chornozem, the depleted use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers, especially in large quantities, leads to the creation of a situation where microorganisms for the maintenance of metabolic needs use carbon-preservative organic compounds. The use of mineral nitrogen, not coordinated with the required amount of fresh organic matter, leads to the initiation of dehumidification processes. To prevent such effects, environmentally sound fertilizer systems for crops should include systematic entry of fresh organic matter into the soil.
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Gutierrez, Gabriela Santistevan, Rogério De Paula Lana, Cesar Roberto Viana Teixeira, Luciana Navajas Rennó, and Cristina Mattos Veloso. "Nitrogen compounds balance and microbial protein synthesis in supplemented crossbred dairy cows in pasture." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 40, no. 1 (2018): 42556. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.42556.

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The objective this work was to evaluate the supplementation of cows on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the rainy-dry transition. Eight 1/2 Holstein/Zebu cows (497 ± 50 kg) were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 2 x 2 factorial treatments (100% mineral salt versus nitrogen salt containing 25:25:50% urea: corn: mineral salt, and 1.5 versus 3.0 kg d-1 concentrate per cow). The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, the last seven days for data collection. No interaction effect (p > 0.05) was detected between the supplement and the different levels of concentrate for any of the evaluated variables. No effect (p > 0.05) of supplement or concentrate level was observed on urinary excretions of purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen compounds and microbial efficiency. Nitrogen salt increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and increased urinary nitrogen excretion, leading to a reduced nitrogen balance, while the higher concentrate level increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and the total amount of nitrogen excreted in milk. Therefore, it is recommended, for crossbred cows in the rainy-dry transition period, the supply of 1.5 kg d-1 concentrate during milking, using only mineral salt instead of nitrogen salt at will on pasture.
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Sądej, W., and K. Przekwas. "Fluctuations of nitrogen levels in soil profile under conditions of a long-term fertilization experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 5 (2008): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/394-pse.

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The present study is focused on the correlation between varied long-term fertilization and changes in soil nitrogen concentrations. It was found that all fertilization systems significantly increased the levels of total, mineral and organic nitrogen in the soil profile. Organic fertilizers (manure and slurry) contributed to a more considerable increase in the concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen undergoing hydrolysis in 6M HCl, compared to mineral fertilizers. Ammonia nitrogen dominated over nitrate nitrogen among mineral nitrogen forms. Organic fertilization contributed to nitrate nitrogen accumulation, while mineral fertilization to ammonia nitrogen storage. The highest accumulations of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were observed after the application of slurry and manure, respectively. Hydrolyzable nitrogen content and its proportion in total nitrogen generally decreased with soil depth. An increase in the levels of organic nitrogen forms, i.e. nitrogen contained in amino sugars and amino acids as well as ammonia nitrogen from decomposition of amides, amino sugars and amino acids, was conditioned primarily on the application of organic fertilizers, particularly manure. Amino acid-N dominated among hydrolyzable nitrogen compounds (77%), while amino sugar-N accounted for 5.6% only.
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Vasbieva, M. T., N. E. Zavyalova, and D. G. Shishkov. "The Effect of Long-Term Use of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash Fertilizers on the Content of Forms of Phosphorus Compounds in the Sod-Podzolic Soil of the Urals." Počvovedenie, no. 8 (August 15, 2024): 1125–32. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x24080079.

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The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on changes in the content of total phosphorus, its organic, mineral and mobile compounds in soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Albiс Retisol (Abruptic, Aric, Loamic)) was studied. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary experiment established in the Perm region in 1978. Options – 0 (without fertilizers), N90, P90, K90, N90P90, N90K90, P90K90, N90P90K90, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N120P120K120, N150P150K1 50. Ammonium nitrate or urea, double or simple superphosphate and potassium chloride were used in the experiment. It was established that long-term use of superphosphate during five rotations of a field eight-field crop rotation (P90, P90K90, N90P90, N90P90K90) led to a significant increase in the total content of phosphorus in the arable soil layer (0–20 cm), its mineral part by 1.3–1.8 times, mobile connections by 1.9–2.7 times. The use of nitrogen fertilizers (N90, N90K90, N90Р90 N90Р90K90) influenced the accumulation of organic phosphorus compounds in the soil. A significant increase in the soil content and reserves of both mineral and organic phosphorus compounds was observed only when using complete mineral fertilizer N90P90K90. Different combinations of superphosphate with nitrogen fertilizers and potassium chloride, as well as the dose of fertilizers, influenced the intensity of accumulation of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by rotation and changes in its amount along the profile. The application of low doses (NPK) 30–60 led to an increase in mobile phosphorus compounds mainly in the arable soil layer; when higher doses (NPK) 90–150 were used, changes were noted in the 0–80 cm layer. Long-term use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers over time led to an increase in mobile phosphorus compounds in the arable soil layer.
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Trifonova, T. A., S. M. Chesnokova, and O. V. Savelev. "Evaluation of the trophic level and self-cleaning ability of small flows by hydrochemical indicators (through the example of the Rpen River)." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 2 (2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-88-97.

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Aim. Assessment by nitrification index values of the level of trophicity and toxicity for aquatic organisms in the waters of a small watercourse in an urbanized area by the content of nutrients in the water and its selfcleaning ability.Materials and Methods. The concentration of compounds of nutrients in the waters of the river was determined using the "Kapel 104T." system of capillary electrophoresis. Water was sampled for analysis according to GOST R 51592- 2000. The water content of readily oxidized organic compounds was assessed by the magnitude of permanganate oxidizability (PND F 14.1; 2.4.154-99) and difficultly oxidized compounds by the magnitude of the chemical oxygen consumption (RD 52.24.421-2012). Assessment of the water trophic level was evaluated by measuring the content of various forms of mineral nitrogen and mineral phosphorus. The aggregation index characterizing the toxicity of various forms of mineral nitrogen to aquatic organisms was calculated by their ratio to MPC for fishery reservoirs. The nitrifying ability of river waters was estimated by the value of the nitrification index (Initr.), calculated by the ratio of the concentration of nitrogen of nitrates in water to the sum of the concentrations of various forms of mineral nitrogen and the self-cleaning ability by the values of the nitrification index.Results. In terms of the aggregation index, water at all sampling points was found to be toxic. The river ecosystem is characterized by a weak ability to cleanse itself and a weak nitrifying ability, which is associated with the influence of numerous cyanotoxins on the microbiocenosis of the watercourse and filtration organisms.Conclusion. It was shown that the most sensitive indicator of trophicity of river waters is the concentration of the mineral phosphorus. Through measuring the ratio of the concentrations of mineral nitrogen to mineral phosphorus, it was established that blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), producers of cyanotoxins, dominate in the phytoplankton of the river in all the points studied.
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Matoso, Stella Cristiani Gonçalves, Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt, Valdomiro Severino de Souza Júnior, Xosé Lois Otero Pérez, and Fábio Plotegher. "Variation in the properties of biochars produced by mixing agricultural residues and mineral soils for agricultural application." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 9 (2020): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20935180.

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The research and application of biochars enriched with minerals have increased in recent years; however, the mineral fraction used consists of specific minerals, such as clay minerals and synthesized compounds. In this work, the effects of adding two specific soil types (sandy and clayey) to rice and coffee husks in order to generate biochars via pyrolysis was investigated. Chemical, physical–chemical, thermal, spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses were conducted on the produced biochars. The study confirmed that the presence of mineral soils during the pyrolysis process increases the yield, C retention ratio, and specific surface area. It also decreases the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient content, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of biochars. However, the biochars produced by mixing coffee husks and mineral soils still demonstrate a capacity to increase the pH and the CEC of tropical soils. In addition, increased C retention demonstrates an environmental benefit of this biochar production method. Biomass pyrolysis combined with clayey soil results in a biochar with a higher degree of aromaticity and higher thermal stability when compared to biomass pyrolysis alone. These characteristics give the biochar a recalcitrant character, without the necessity for steps related to the synthesis of specific mineral compounds, which reduces the economic and energy cost of the process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

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Ma, Li. "Soil Organic Nitrogen - Investigation of Soil Amino Acids and Proteinaceous Compounds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51960.

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Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are predominantly in organic form. Proteins/ peptides, as an important organic form of N, constitute a substantial part of soil organic matter. On one hand, proteins/peptides are an important N source for plants and microorganisms, particularly in soils where inorganic N is limited. On the other hand, their stabilization in soils by forming organo-mineral associates or macromolecule complex reduces the C loss as CO2 into the atmosphere. Therefore, studies on the turnover, abundance, composition, and stability of proteins/peptides are of crucial importance to agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. In the first part of this study, the bioavailability and distribution of amino acids, (building block of proteins/peptides), were investigated, in soils across the North-South and West-East transects of continental United States. The second part of this study aimed to understand the variations of organic C speciation in soils of continental United States. Previous investigations of the interactions between soil minerals and proteins/peptides were mostly limited to batch sorption experiments in labs, seldom of which gave the details at the molecular scales. Therefore, in the third part of this study, the molecular orientation of self-assembled oligopeptides on mineral surfaces was investigated by employing synchrotron based polarization-dependent Near Edge X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) techniques. Specific aims of this study were: 1) to assess potentially bioavailable pool of proteinaceous compounds and the immediately bioavailable pool of free amino acids in surface and subsurface soils of various ecosystems; 2) to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and levels/composition of the two pools; 3) to investigate the organic C speciation in soils of various land use; and 4) to understand molecular level surface organization of small peptides on mineral surfaces. The levels of free amino acids and hydrolysable amino acids which represent the potentially bioavailable pool of proteinaceous compounds in A-horizon soils were significantly high than in C-horizon soils due to the accumulation of organic matter in surface. On average, free amino acids accounted for less than 4 % of hydrolysable amino acids which represent the total proteinaceous compounds in soils. The composition of free amino acids was significantly different between surface soil and subsurface soil and was significantly influenced by mean annual temperature and precipitation. A relatively uniform composition of hydrolysable amino acids was observed irrespective of a wide range of land use. Significant variations were observed for the levels of free and hydrolysable amino acids along mean annual temperature and precipitation gradients, as well as among vegetation types of continental USA, suggesting levels of free and hydrolysable amino acids were associated with the above-ground biomass and root distribution. Organic C speciation investigation revealed the presence of carboxylic-C (38%), aliphatic-C (~ 22%), aromatic-C (~ 18%), O/N-alkyl-C (~ 16%), and phenolic-C (< 6%). Factors such as temperature and vegetation cover were revealed in this study to account for the fluctuations of the proportions of aromatic-C and phenolic-C, in particular. Phenolic-C may serve as a good indicator for the effect of temperature or vegetation on the composition of SOC. The average composition of soil organic C, over the continental scale, was relatively uniform over various soil ecosystems and between two soil horizons irrespective of surface organic C content. Polarization dependent NEXAFS analysis showed the oligopeptides tend to orient on mineral surface with an average tilt angle of 40 ° between the molecular chain and the mineral surface.<br>Ph. D.
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Moon, Jinyoung. "Selective accrual and dynamics of proteinaceous compounds during pedogenesis: testing source and sink selection hypotheses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77030.

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The emerging evidence of preferential accumulation and long residence time of proteinaceous compounds in soil are counter to the traditional view that their structure is readily broken down through microbial activity. The shift in thinking of their residence time is, however, heavily influenced by physical and chemical protections in soil, representing an important change for understanding global biogeochemical carbon and nitrogen cycling. We investigated the accumulation patterns of proteinogenic amino acids for a long term (thousands of years) related to their sources and sinks. We found clear patterns of change in the amino acids in a 4000 year-chronosequence adjacent to Lake Michigan, USA (Michigan chronosequence) and they were tightly related to the shifts in their biological sources, namely aboveground vegetative community (r2=0.66, p<0.0001) and belowground microbial community (r2=0.71, p<0.0001). Results also showed great variations of approximately 49% between seasons (summer and winter). Moreover, seasonal dynamic patterns (22% variations) of the amino acids in soil mineral associated fraction were rather counter to the conceptual view that it represents a slow soil organic pool with long residence times. The amino acids enriched in the mineral associated fraction, (e.g., positively charged, aromatic, and sulfur containing amino acids), tended to preferentially accumulate in whole soil pool during the 4000 years of ecosystem development. Their interaction with soil minerals, therefore, may play a critical role in the long-term sink and selective accumulation of proteinaceous compounds with some degree of the displacement. This was further confirmed by another chronosequence system near Haast River, New Zealand, which is geologically separated and climatically- and ecologically- different from the Michigan chronosequence. Common trends between two chronosequences suggested that either polar interactions or redox reactions may be relatively more important in the mineral interaction of amino acids than non-polar interactions. The consistency of results at two disparate locations in the southern and northern hemispheres is strong evidence that the processes of pedogenesis and ecosystem development are parsimonious and predictable. Our research demonstrated fundamental understanding of behavior of proteinaceous compounds at the molecular species level, and further provided their partitioning mechanisms associated with soil components.<br>Ph. D.
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Kothawala, Dolly N. "Controls on the soil solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizons of forested soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115565.

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Note:<br>The soil-solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) withinmineral soil horizons is primarily controlled by processes of adsorption and desorption. These abiotic processes largely occur within a short equilibration time of seconds to minutes, which generally occur faster than microbial processes. To characterise the adsorption of DOC to mineral soils, I used the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which holds several advantages to the commonly used linear initial mass (IM) isotherm. One advantage to using the Langmuir isotherm is anestimation of the maximum DOC adsorption capacity (Qmax). The Qmax estimates the number of remaining DOC binding sites available on the mineral soil particle surfaces. I modified the traditional Langmuir isotherm in order to estimate the DOC desorption potential of native soil organic matter (SOC).[...]<br>Le partitionnement entre les solutions de sols du carbone organiquedissous (COD) dans les horizons des sols minéraux est essentiellement contrôle par les processus d'adsorption et de désorption. Ces processus abiotiques se déroulent normalement dans un bref temps d'équilibration variant de quelques secondes a quelques minutes, ce qui est en général plus rapide que les processus microbiens. Pour caractériser Fadsorption de COD aux sols minéraux, nous avons utilise l'isotherme d'adsorption de Langmuir. Cette isotherme présente plusieurs avantages par rapport a Fisotherme de masses initiales (IM) linéaires couramment utilisée, en particulier F estimation de la capacité d'adsorption maximale du COD (Qmax). Le Qmax estime le nombre de sites de liaison de COD restants a la surface du sol minéral. Nous avons aussi modifie Fisotherme de Langmuir traditionnelle afin d'évaluer le potentiel de désorption de COD de la matière organique du sol indigène (MOS).[...]
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Kothawala, Dolly N. 1972. "Controls on the soil solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizons of forested soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115858.

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The soil-solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within mineral soil horizons is primarily controlled by processes of adsorption and desorption. These abiotic processes largely occur within a short equilibration time of seconds to minutes, which generally occur faster than microbial processes. To characterise the adsorption of DOC to mineral soils, I used the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which holds several advantages to the commonly used linear initial mass (IM) isotherm. One advantage to using the Langmuir isotherm is an estimation of the maximum DOC adsorption capacity (Qmax). The Qmax estimates the number of remaining DOC binding sites available on the mineral soil particle surfaces. I modified the traditional Langmuir isotherm in order to estimate the DOC desorption potential of native soil organic matter (SOC).<br>Sorption characteristics were derived for a broad range of52 mineral soils collected from 17 soil profiles spanning across Canada from British Columbia to Quebec. Mineral horizons with the greatest Qmax included the Fe-enriched B horizons of acidic Podzols and Volcanic soils, followed by B horizons not enriched in Fe, followed by A and C horizons. Podzol B horizons were distinct from all other horizons due to significantly higher desorption potential. Soil properties predicting the adsorption characteristics of DOC also predicted the adsorption characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Adsorption of DOC and DON was tightly coupled (R 2 = 0.86), however the ratio of DOC:DON in the final equilibrium solution lowered for 48 out of 52 minerals horizons. These results suggest that DON may be slightly more mobile than DOC.<br>A short-term (32 day) incubation was perform to establish the fate of indigenous soil C, relative to newly adsorbed soil C to four mineral soils with different adsorption characteristics. Soil columns were leached periodically and sampled for DOC and CO2 production. Two Fe-enriched mineral horizons with high adsorption capacity released low amounts of old SOC, yet released almost all of the newly adsorbed SOC. In contrast, two B horizons without Fe-enrichment released greater amounts of old SOC, and retained a greater fraction of the newly adsorbed SOC than the Fe-enriched horizons. These results identify a contrast between the fate of indigenous and newly adsorbed SOC on mineral soils with differing Qmax.<br>The final component of this study examined changes to the molecular structure of DOC after equilibration with mineral soils. Multiple techniques were used to assess changes in the molecular composition of DOC, including the analysis of aromatic content by specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and fluorescence spectroscopy, analysis of molecular weight distribution (MWD) with high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and functional group analysis with Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The solution phase DOC generally showed a reduced aromatic content, along with the removal of organic compounds with carboxyl groups. The MWD of DOC was reduced after equilibration to mineral soils, and the reduction in average molecular weight was related to the Qmax of mineral soils.<br>The various components of this thesis have contributed to the overall understanding of controls on the adsorption of DOC and DON species to mineral soils of the Canadian temperate and boreal forest.
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Svoboda, Ilona. "Základní charakterizace vybraných vzorků krmiv živočišného původu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240518.

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The aim of the diploma thesis was to choose poper parameters for a quick and simple characterization of animal feed, to verify working procedures and to apply these on chosen samples. Within the scope of this work, samples of animal dog feed produced in a private company „Adamkovy tlacenky“ were analyzed. The feed is in the form of brawn, stored in artificial casing; it consists of up to 80% of animal components and up to 20% of vegetable components, while the rest of the weight is the pork gelatine. The feed does not contain preservatives, colourings as well as any other chemically produced additives. For the analysis three formulas were chosen: "Hovězinka", "Kuřátko" and "Srdcovka", the composition of which is protected by the patent. The choice was made to include samples of different composition. The content of raw crude protein, fat, fibre, dry basis, and ash was determined. The obtained values were compared with the standards for feed normally utilized by the feed industry. The results will be used to improve the formulas and to develop new types of feed.
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Sun, Chaode. "Syntheses and reactivities of [pi]-electron rich phosphorus-nitrogen and sulfur-nitrogen ligands." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/140.

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Lipton, Catherine Elizabeth. "Studies on caged nitrogen compounds." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407949.

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Cui, Jian. "Synthesis and characterization of new boron-nitrogen and boron-nitrogen-phosphorus systems." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2009. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-03162010-123538/unrestricted/Cui.pdf.

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Willison, Toby W. "Mineral nitrogen dynamics of a lowland spruce plantation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305755.

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Burnett, Duane Arthur. "Synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603219377.

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Books on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

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Baumann, Norbert, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Reimund Jotter, and Alfons Kubny. Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds. Edited by Norbert Baumann, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Reimund Jotter, and Alfons Kubny. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06354-5.

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Baumann, Norbert, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Reimund Jotter, and Alfons Kubny. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds. Edited by Norbert Baumann, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Reimund Jotter, and Alfons Kubny. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06351-4.

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Fachmann, Hans-Jürgen, Reimund Jotter, Alfons Kubny, and Joachim Wagner. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds. Edited by Norbert Baumann, Gerhard Czack, Brigitte Heibel, Peter Merlet, Joachim Wagner, and Alfons Kubny. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06357-6.

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Baumann, Norbert, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Brigitte Heibel, Susanne Jäger, and Alfons Kubny. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds. Edited by Norbert Baumann, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Brigitte Heibel, Hannelore Keller-Rudek, Alfons Kubny, and Peter Kuhn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06360-6.

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1927-, Cho A. K., and Lindeke B, eds. Biotransformation of organic nitrogen compounds. Karger, 1988.

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Baumann, Norbert, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Brigitte Heibel, Reimund Jotter, and Birgit Ledüc. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds Part 8. Edited by Norbert Baumann, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, Brigitte Heibel, Reimund Jotter, and Alfons Kubny. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06363-7.

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Taylor, Gary Charles. Mineral commodity report, anhydrous ammonia (nitrogen). California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Taylor, Gary Charles. Mineral commodity report, anhydrous ammonia (nitrogen). California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Halling-Sørensen, B. The removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. Elsevier, 1993.

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Brown, B. R. The organic chemistry of aliphatic nitrogen compounds. Clarendon Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

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de Mello Prado, Renato. "Nitrogen." In Mineral nutrition of tropical plants. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71262-4_4.

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Zoecklein, Bruce W., Kenneth C. Fugelsang, Barry H. Gump, and Fred S. Nury. "Nitrogen Compounds." In Wine Analysis and Production. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6967-8_8.

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Zoecklein, Bruce W., Kenneth C. Fugelsang, Barry H. Gump, and Fred S. Nury. "Nitrogen Compounds." In Wine Analysis and Production. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6978-4_8.

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Jenkins, Kathleen T. "Nitrogen Compounds." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch49.

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Aguirre, Jaime. "Nitrogen Compounds." In The Kjeldahl Method: 140 Years. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31458-2_3.

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Haubold, Reinhard, Claudia Heinrich-Sterzel, Peter Merlet, Ulrike Ohms-Bredeman, Carol Strametz, and Astrid Wietelmann. "Dinitrogen Compounds." In N Nitrogen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06336-1_1.

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Haubold, Reinhard, Claudia Heinrich-Sterzel, Peter Merlet, Ulrike Ohms-Bredeman, Carol Strametz, and Astrid Wietelmann. "Trinitrogen Compounds." In N Nitrogen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06336-1_2.

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Haubold, Reinhard, Claudia Heinrich-Sterzel, Peter Merlet, Ulrike Ohms-Bredeman, Carol Strametz, and Astrid Wietelmann. "Tetranitrogen Compounds." In N Nitrogen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06336-1_3.

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Weidlein, Johann. "Organoindium-Nitrogen Compounds." In In Organoindium Compounds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09144-9_7.

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Chenier, Philip J. "Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds." In Survey of Industrial Chemistry. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0603-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

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Frenier, Wayne W., and Frederick B. Growcock. "Inhibitors for Chemical Cleaning Solvents; a Review of Recent Literature." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89440.

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Abstract It is the purpose of this paper to review advances in corrosion inhibition technology that are applicable to chemical cleaning solvents, and which have appeared in the literature since the early 1970’s. We will discuss inhibitor chemicals and processes that have been used with mineral acids (HCl, HF, H2SO4, H3PO4), as well as with organic acids and chelating agents. General categories of inhibitors used in cleaning solvents include amines, quaternary nitrogen compounds, acetylenic alcohols, unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, and reduced sulfur compounds. Special problems that include ferric ion corrosion and cleaning of alloys unique to steam generating equipment also will be reviewed.
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Ciorba, Petru, Elena Zubcov, Nina Bagrin, and Liliana Teodorof. "Dynamics of mineral nitrogen compounds in the waters of the Dniester River." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.13.

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This article presents the results of studying the content of mineral (ammonium ions, nitrites and nitrates) and organic nitrogen compounds in water samples collected from the Dniester river in 2020. In the study are examines the seasonal dynamics of the forms of mineral nitrogen, total nitrogen and the correlation between organic and mineral nitrogen. Limits of ammonium ion concentration in the Dniester river varied between 0.002 mg N/l and 0.93 mg N/l, nitrite ions 0.002 mg N/l and 0.05 mg N/l, nitrate ions 0.002 mg N/l - 1.36 mg N/l.
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Manrique, E. J., J. L. Mogollon, J. A. Linares, and M. Farrera. "Basic Nitrogen Compounds in Crude Oils: Effect on Mineral Dissolution During Acid Stimulation Processes." In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37224-ms.

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Ciorba, Petru. "Dinamica compușilor azotului mineral în apele râului Prut." In Simpozion "Modificări funcționale ale ecosistemelor acvatice în contextul impactului antropic și al schimbărilor climatice". Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975151979.04.

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In this article the results on the content of mineral nitrogen compounds (ammonium ions, nitrites and nitrates) during 2020 year in the Prut River Braniște – Giurgiulesti sector are presented. In the study is examinated the seasonal dynamics of these parameters in the winter – spring – summer – autumn period. The range of ammonium ions in the waters of the Prut River varies from 0.002 to 0.26 mgN /L, of nitrite – from 0.002 to 0.02 mgN /L and of nitrates – from 0.002 to 0.73 mgN /L, the maximums being lower than in 2009-2010, and much lower than in the 80s-90s of the last century.
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SIKSNANE, Ieva, and Ainis LAGZDINS. "ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN LEACHING IN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.204.

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Water is significantly important resource in everyday life. Parameters that characterize the quality of water resources are affected by human activities. In Latvia, water pollution with nutrients is often related to agricultural activities. As water circulation is sustained and uninterrupted process, nitrogen compounds are lost throughout the hydrographic network and transported both locally and internationally. Increased levels of nitrogen in the water lead to intensive eutrophication processes in the inland water bodies and the Baltic Sea, therefore, availability of clean water is decreasing. It is necessary to minimize and prevent water pollution as much as possible. The aim of this research is to evaluate the economic losses caused by nitrogen leakage through agricultural drainage systems in Latvia. For this purpose, water protection regulations and agricultural runoff monitoring data are examined. Evaluation process of the economic losses includes a comparison of the maximum extent permitted rates of nitrogen application with the theoretical optimum application rates and application rates determined at the research sites. For calculations ammonium nitrate was used as a type of fertilizer. From the results of this research it can be concluded that in about 41% the amount of nitrogen needed to reach the current yield level was exceeded. In addition, on average 13.2% and 15.4% of nitrogen applied annually as mineral fertilizers are lost through the subsurface drainage systems at the Berze and Mellupite research sites, respectively. This causes economic losses to farmers on average 61.13 EUR ha-1 year-1.
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Shavela, Yuliya, Kiryl Hubchyk, and Alena Hlushen. "Surfactant-forming activity of bacteria rhodococcus SP. G13." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.33.

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Bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus are widely used in the field of modern environmental biotechnology (bioremediation, utilization of toxic waste) due to their prevalent presence in anthropogenic disturbed ecotopes and availability of adaptive survival mechanisms in unfavorable environmental conditions [1]. Actinobacteria are characterized with the ability to synthesize bacterial cell components that ensure the neutralization of a wide range of xenobiotics in the process of recovery of contaminated ecosystems, due to the formation of gaseous and liquid n-alkanes [2]. One of the mechanisms for increasing the bioavailability of complex organic compounds for microbial cells is the synthesis of biosurfactants that reduce surface and interfacial tension and ensure the emulsification of hydrophobic substrates for their more efficient biodegradation [3]. In this research we investigated surfactant-forming and emulsifying activity of the oil-destroying bacterial strain Rhodococcus sp. G13 when cultivated on mineral medium containing various sources of nitrogen (NaNO3, KNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3) and phosphorus (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, Na2HPO4) in the presence of several carbon sources (glucose, ethanol, hexadecane). The emulsification index of hexadecane by Rhodococcus sp. G13 cells ranged from 23.8±1.5% to 54.1±1.2% depending on the salt composition of the mineral medium and the type of organic compounds as the carbon source are used. At the same time, when cell-free supernatant was used in the experiment, this index was about 2.76±0.16%. The ability of the bacterial cells to reduce the surface tension of the liquid was also evaluated, which was from 13.95±0.8% to 56.04±1.1% compared to the control medium. The colorimetric method [4] demonstrated that the level of biosurfactant synthesis by Rhodococcus sp. G13 reached up to 13.54±1.4 mg/L. Research results indicate that surfactant synthesis, hydrophobic substrate solubilization and surface tension reduction occur most effectively under nitrogen-deficient cell culture conditions and using hexadecane as the sole carbon source. The obtained data also indicate that biosurfactants are located in the bacterial cell structure of Rhodococcus sp. G13.
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Harrell, Benjamin, Yani C. Araujo de Itriago, and Guadalupe Herrera. "Effect of Impurities Present in the CO2 Stream on Injectivity and Seal Performance in Carbon Capture and Storage." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4043/35795-ms.

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Abstract One of the major challenges in the implementation of the Carbon Capture and Storage technology is to ensure that the quality of the CO2 meets the requirements for transportation and injection into the storage site. In general, the captured CO2 contains impurities that can negatively impact pipelines and vessels used for transportation and can significantly affect the integrity of the cap rock. Since there is no global standard for CO2 specifications, the site characterization should also include the evaluation of the effect of the contaminants on the storage performance and use the results to determine if a CO2 stream is suitable for transport or injection into a storage formation. Main contaminants are non-condensate impurities with a significant effect in the temperature and properties of the CO2. Some impurities, such as sulfur compounds can react with the seal rock causing injectivity and structural problems. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the most common impurities present in the CO2 stream on the cap rock and reservoir capacity using a fast and low-cost core analysis methodology. The proposed laboratory workflow included the aging of the rock in the target fluid (CO2 + Impurities) at simulated reservoir conditions (temperature, pressure, brine salinity) and the measurement of the threshold or entry pressure by Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP). The evaluation was performed in sandstone and carbonate rock samples. The seal properties were evaluated before and after exposure of the rock to pure CO2 and CO2 containing impurities. Results showed that the presence of sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide negatively impacted the threshold pressure and porosity of the rocks. Low pH caused mineral precipitation and dissolution of carbonates in both rock types; therefore, the integrity of the seal is compromised increasing the risks associated to the potential leaks. The dissolution of minerals can also cause plugging if pores reducing the porosity affect the injectivity and the storage capacity of the reservoir. It was found that when iron minerals are present in the rock, undesirable reactions can occur when oxygen coexists with CO2 and brine. Sulfuric and nitric acid can be formed, and iron sulphates can be produced leading to mineral dissolution and precipitation. The effect of the nitrogen and H2S was significantly less compared with the sulfur and nitrate compounds and oxygen; however, these impurities could cause major issues if the CO2 stored is considered for further applications. The findings of this study can be used to understand the importance of evaluating the effect of impurities contained in CO2, as part of the requirements established for the safe implementation of the technology. The methodology used in this study is recommended for a quick and low-cost assessment of the effect of CO2 impurities on the cap rock and injectivity.
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Guven, S., S. Akin, and B. Hascakir. "Comprehensive Spectral and Thermal Characterization of Oil Shales." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172952-ms.

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Abstract The heterogeneous nature of oil shale resources associated to the depositional environments, lithology, and organic content make the reserve estimation complex and unpredictable. However, comprehensive laboratory studies on organic rich shale samples collected from different regions can increase the understanding about the organic content of oil shales, interaction of shale with organic matter and injected fluid used during enhanced oil recovery method. This study investigates the characterization of eight different Turkish and American oil shale samples with several spectral methods and a thermal analysis. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the oil shale samples to increase the understanding about the organic content and interaction of shale with organic matter. In this study, we used Thermal Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC) analysis to estimate organic content of each oil shale sample in air and nitrogen environments. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to define minerals in oil shale. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect the mineral and kerogen in oil shale before and after the TGA/DSC analysis. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the depositional environment of each oil shale samples. TGA/DSC results verified that oil shale samples have up to 50% of organic matter. XRD and FTIR results helped to identify the organic and inorganic compounds. Effects of minerals and ions were recognized by comparing TGA/DSC curves and FTIR spectra. It was recognized that the more carbonate ion in the oil shale the more increase in weight loss occurred. Diatoms identified from SEM results showed that depositional environments of the some oil shale samples are marine environments. This study provides insight for the reserve estimation of the eight different oil shale samples with comprehensive spectral and thermal characterization.
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Radulescu, Laura, Patricia Tarkanyi, Corina Iuliana Megyesi, Ariana Bianca Velciov, and Despina-Maria Bordean. "STUDIES REGARDING BIOACTIVE FINGERPRINT OF CAULIFLOWER VERSUS BROCCOLI." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.46.

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This study aims to determine the specific fingerprints of cauliflower and broccoli available on the Romanian market based on mathematical models and chemical analysis (moisture content, minerals content, total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols content). These vegetables (cauliflower and broccoli) are considered essential for the human diet due to their bioactive content and nutritional value. The content of minerals and antioxidant compounds varies depending on their varieties, environmental conditions, ripening stage, collecting and storage methods. The studied vegetables are high in essential micronutrients copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nutrients which are associated with enzymatic activities. Research shows that eating cruciferous vegetables brings many health benefits due to their active sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds. The obtained results were compared to literature and database data and the graphical fingerprint were created. The generalized linear model was applied for analyzed vegetables, cauliflower and broccoli samples and the correspondence equation were obtained. The Mantel correlogram was used to test the hypothesis that innovative food products and or diets can be created based on the nutritional content of the vegetables and the nutritional needs of the consumer.
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Storm, Christian, Helmut Rüdiger, Hartmut Spliethoff, and Klaus R. G. Hein. "Co-Pyrolysis of Coal/Biomass and Coal/Sewage Sludge Mixtures." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-103.

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Biomass and sewage sludge are attracting increasing interest in power plant technology as a source of carbon dioxide-neutral fuels. A new way to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels could be the co-combustion or co-gasification of coal and biomass or coal and sewage sludge. In both cases, pyrolysis is the first step in the technical process. In order to obtain detailed information about the pyrolysis of coal/biomass and coal/sewage sludge mixtures as well as unblended fuels, the ‘Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD)’ at the University of Stuttgart has carried out investigations using an electrically heated entrained flow reactor. One application of substitution of fossil fuels could be the utilization of pyrolysis gas or gas generated in a gasification process as a reburn fuel in conventional boilers fired with fossil fuels. Investigation showed that generated gas from coal, biomass and sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification have high NOx reduction efficiencies compared to methane or low calorific gases using it as a reburn fuel in coal fired boilers. In order to take advantage of this pretreatment process the release of organic as well as of mineral compounds during the pyrolysis or gasification has to be investigated. For coal pyrolysis and gasification the reactions are known since there was a lot of research all over the world. Biomass or sewage sludge have other structures compared to fossil fuels and contain alkali, chlorine and other problematic compounds, like heavy metals. The release of those elements and of the organic matter has to be investigated to characterize the gas and the residual char. The optimum process parameters regarding the composition of the generated gas and the residual char have to be found out. The IVD has studied the co-pyrolysis of biomass and sewage sludge together with a high volatile hard coal. The main parameters to be investigated were the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor (400°C–1200°C) and the coal/biomass and coal/sewage sludge blends. Besides co-pyrolysis experiments test runs with unmixed main fuels were carried out with the hard coal, straw as biomass, and a sewage sludge. It was expected that the high reactivity of biomass and sewage sludge would have an effect on the product composition during co-pyrolysis. The test runs provided information about fuel conversion efficiency, pyrolysis gas and tar yield, and composition of pyrolysis gas and tar. Besides gas and tar analysis investigations regarding the path of trace elements, like heavy metals, alkali, chlorine and nitrogen components, during the pyrolysis process varying different parameters have been carried out. The fuel nitrogen distribution between pyrolysis gas, tar and char has been analyzed as well as the ash composition and thus the release of mineral components during pyrolysis. Increasing reaction temperatures result in a higher devolatilization for all fuels. Biomass shows a devolatilization of up to 80% at high temperatures. Hard coal shows a weight toss of approx. 50% at same temperatures. Sewage sludge devolatilizes also up to 50%, which is nearly a total release of organic matter, because of the high ash content of about 50% in sewage sludge. Gaseous hydrocarbons have a production maximum at about 800°C reaction temperature for all feedstocks. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are increasingly formed at high pyrolysis temperatures due to gasification reactions. Mineral elements are released during straw pyrolysis, but within the hot gas filtration unit further recombination reactions and condensation of elements on panicles take place. There is no release of mineral elements during sewage sludge pyrolysis and only a slight release of heavy metals at high pyrolysis temperatures. The effect of co-pyrolysis depends on the feedstocks used in association with the panicle size. The co-pyrolysis test runs showed that a synergetic effect exists when using sewage sludge and hard coal. There is a higher char production related to the unmixed fuels; gas and tar formation are lowered. Co-pyrolysis test runs with biomass and coal did not show this effect on the pyrolysis products. Reasons for this behaviour could be a difference in particle size and material structure which influences the devolatilization velocity of the fuels used or the relatively short residence time in the entrained flow reactor. It seems possible that coal pyrolysis is influenced by the reaction atmosphere, generated in co-pyrolysis. In the co-pyrolysis of coal and sewage sludge, the sludge degases much faster than coal because of the structure of sewage sludge and its small panicle. The coal pyrolysis taking place afterwards in the reaction tube occurs in a different atmosphere, compared to the mono-pyrolysis experiments. The devolatilization of coal in the co-pyrolysis experiments together with straw was not disturbed by the gaseous products of straw pyrolysis, because the large straw particles showed a delayed degasing compared to the coal particles.
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Reports on the topic "Mineral compounds of nitrogen"

1

Au, Kendrew, Judit Zador, Leonid Sheps, Carles Marti Aliod, and Thomas Golin Almeida. Gas-Phase Oxidation Mechanisms of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2480172.

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Gracy Elias. REACTIVITY OF RADIOLYTICALLY-PRODUCED NITROGEN OXIDE RADICALS TOWARD AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991893.

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Komorowski, L., and K. Niedenzu. Reactions of N,N'-Dimethylurea with Some Boron-Nitrogen Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203613.

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DePuy, C. H., and V. M. Bierbaum. Gas Phase Ion-Molecule Chemistry of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada152876.

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Chirik, Paul J. Synthesis of Fuels and Value-Added Nitrogen-Containing Compounds from N2. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615345.

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Phipps, Jon, Sean Ireland, David Skuse, et al. Mineral-Ground Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose Reinforcement for Polymer Compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1341563.

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Phipps, Jon, Sean Ireland, Kai Li, Xianhui Zhao, Halil Tekinalp, and Soydan Ozcan. Mineral-Ground Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose Reinforcement for Polymer Compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1818711.

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Hartwig, J. F. Synthesis and reactivity of compounds containing ruthenium-carbon, -nitrogen, and -oxygen bonds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5530662.

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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.
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Sandu, S. S. The effects of soil mineral phases on the abiotic degradation of selected organic compounds. [Tetraphenylboron]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6388975.

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