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1
Volkohon, V. V., S. B. Dimova, К. І. Volkohon, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN MINERAL FERTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL CULTURES BY THE PARAMETERS OF THE INTENSITY OF THE NITROGEN FIXATION AND DENITRIFICATION PROCESSES." Agriciltural microbiology 30 (December 3, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.30.3-12.
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Objective. Investigate the performance of the nitrogen fixation and process of N-N2O loss un-der the cultivation of potatoes and peas on the leached chornozem under various mineral agrarian backgrounds and the use of microbial preparations and to determine the ecological compromise normal rate of mineral nitrogen, under which the emission losses of nitrogen compounds will not exceed the intake of “biological” nitrogen in agrocenoses. Methods. Field experiment, gas chroma-tographic. Results. Studies of the activity of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in situ in potato and pea agrocenoses using different rates of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations, with subsequent calculations of the parameters of intake of the “biological” nitrogen and emission loss-es of the element indicate the possibility of determining the conditions (doses of mineral nitrogen) for which equality between profit and non-productive expenditure of the nitrogen balance is achieved. This amount of mineral nitrogen can be considered environmentally permissible, its ex-cess is undesirable due to a decrease in the intake of “biological” nitrogen and increased activity of the denitrification process. For potatoes grown on leached chornozem, environmentally permis-sible nitrogen fertilizer rate should be considered as 80 kg/ha, for peas — 60 kg/ha. The use of mi-crobial preparations in the cultivation of crops promotes an increase in the range of environmen-tally permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen due to the formation of conditions under which the bacterization of plants require more nitrogen compounds to ensure a constructive metabolism, which additionally to increased nitrogen fixation activity is accompanied by an increase in the level of consumption of mineral nitrogen in the soil. At the same time, the activity of biological denitrifi-cation becomes reduced. Based on the obtained parameters, a model of optimization of nitrogen mineral fertilization of agricultural cultures was developed. Conclusion. It is advisable to deter-mine the ecologically permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen fertilization of crops by the per-formance indices of the nitrogen fixation process and N-N2O losses. In this case, the emission losses of nitrogen compounds should not exceed the levels of intake of biologically bound nitrogen in ag-rocenoses.
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Voigt, Christian C., Krista A. Capps, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Robert H. Michener, Thomas H. Kunz, and Robert Brooks. "Nutrition or Detoxification: Why Bats Visit Mineral Licks of the Amazonian Rainforest." PLoS ONE 3, no. 4 (2008): e2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484774.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many animals in the tropics of Africa, Asia and South America regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. Whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. In the Amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. We measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, and in an obligate fruit-eating bat, Artibeus obscurus, captured at mineral licks and at control sites in the rainforest. Carollia perspicillata with a plant-dominated diet were more often captured at mineral licks than individuals with an insect-dominated diet, although insects were more mineral depleted than fruits. In contrast, nitrogen isotope ratios of A. obscurus did not differ between individuals captured at mineral lick versus control sites. We conclude that pregnant and lactating fruit-eating bats do not visit mineral licks principally for minerals, but instead to buffer the effects of secondary plant compounds that they ingest in large quantities during periods of high energy demand. These findings have potential implications for the role of mineral licks for mammals in general, including humans.
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Voigt, Christian C., Krista A. Capps, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Robert H. Michener, Thomas H. Kunz, and Robert Brooks. "Nutrition or Detoxification: Why Bats Visit Mineral Licks of the Amazonian Rainforest." PLoS ONE 3, no. 4 (2008): e2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484774.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many animals in the tropics of Africa, Asia and South America regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. Whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. In the Amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. We measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, and in an obligate fruit-eating bat, Artibeus obscurus, captured at mineral licks and at control sites in the rainforest. Carollia perspicillata with a plant-dominated diet were more often captured at mineral licks than individuals with an insect-dominated diet, although insects were more mineral depleted than fruits. In contrast, nitrogen isotope ratios of A. obscurus did not differ between individuals captured at mineral lick versus control sites. We conclude that pregnant and lactating fruit-eating bats do not visit mineral licks principally for minerals, but instead to buffer the effects of secondary plant compounds that they ingest in large quantities during periods of high energy demand. These findings have potential implications for the role of mineral licks for mammals in general, including humans.
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Bingham, A. H., and M. F. Cotrufo. "Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (2015): 587–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-587-2015.
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Abstract. Nitrogen is one of the most important ecosystem nutrients and often its availability limits net primary production as well as stabilization of soil organic matter. The long-term storage of nitrogen-containing organic matter in soils was classically attributed to chemical complexity of plant and microbial residues that retarded microbial degradation. Recent advances have revised this framework, with the understanding that persistent soil organic matter consists largely of chemically labile, microbially processed organic compounds. Chemical bonding to minerals and physical protection in aggregates are more important to long-term (i.e., centuries to millennia) preservation of these organic compounds that contain the bulk of soil nitrogen rather than molecular complexity, with the exception of nitrogen in pyrogenic organic matter. This review examines the factors and mechanisms that influence the long-term sequestration of organic nitrogen in mineral soils. It examines the policy and management implications which stem from this newly accepted paradigm, such as critical loads considerations and nitrogen saturation and mitigation consequences. Finally, it emphasizes how essential it is for this important but underappreciated pool to be better quantified and incorporated into policy and management decisions.
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Volkohon, V. V., T. Yu Brytan, and O. V. Pyrih. "DEVELOPMENT OF MICROORGANISMS AND TRENDS OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN LEACHED CHORNOZEM UNDER SIMULATION OF DEFICIENCY OF THE FRESH ORGANIC MATTER AND THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN." Agriciltural microbiology 28 (July 10, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.28.3-16.
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Objective. Study the peculiarities of the development of microorganisms and trends of biological processes in the soil under the influence of mineral nitrogen under the conditions of simulation of the deficiency of fresh organic matter.
 Methods. Microbiological, agrochemical, gas chromatographic, statistical.
 Results. In the conditions of the vegetative experiment under the simulation of the deficiency of fresh organic matter (preparation of soil in accordance with the method of determining the content of humus) in the leached chornozem, the effect of increasing doses of mineral nitrogen on the dynamics of the number of representatives of certain ecological trophic groups of microorganisms and the course of soil-biological processes that accompany the mineralization of humus was studied. Nitrogen fertilizers, under given conditions, stimulate the development of ammonifiers, microorganisms that mainly utilize mineral compounds of nitrogen, denitrifiers, cellulolytic bacteria, activates biological nitrogen and carbon dioxide emission processes. In this case, the need for carbon to provide metabolic processes of microorganisms can meet only at the expense of destruction of humus compounds. When the fresh organic matter is introduced in the soil in the form of straw chopped to sawdust, as well as under the growth of barley, the activity of biological denitrification is reduced. At the end of the experiment, the content of total carbon in the soil has a clear tendency to decrease with increasing doses of mineral nitrogen – according to the variants: without fertilizers, control – 2.97 %, 13 mg N/kg of soil – 2.91 %, 26 mg N/kg – 2.88 %, 39 mg N/kg – 2.85 %.
 Conclusion. Under the deficiency of fresh organic matter in leached chornozem, the depleted use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers, especially in large quantities, leads to the creation of a situation where microorganisms for the maintenance of metabolic needs use carbon-preservative organic compounds. The use of mineral nitrogen, not coordinated with the required amount of fresh organic matter, leads to the initiation of dehumidification processes. To prevent such effects, environmentally sound fertilizer systems for crops should include systematic entry of fresh organic matter into the soil.
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Gutierrez, Gabriela Santistevan, Rogério De Paula Lana, Cesar Roberto Viana Teixeira, Luciana Navajas Rennó, and Cristina Mattos Veloso. "Nitrogen compounds balance and microbial protein synthesis in supplemented crossbred dairy cows in pasture." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 40, no. 1 (2018): 42556. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.42556.
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The objective this work was to evaluate the supplementation of cows on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the rainy-dry transition. Eight 1/2 Holstein/Zebu cows (497 ± 50 kg) were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 2 x 2 factorial treatments (100% mineral salt versus nitrogen salt containing 25:25:50% urea: corn: mineral salt, and 1.5 versus 3.0 kg d-1 concentrate per cow). The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, the last seven days for data collection. No interaction effect (p > 0.05) was detected between the supplement and the different levels of concentrate for any of the evaluated variables. No effect (p > 0.05) of supplement or concentrate level was observed on urinary excretions of purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen compounds and microbial efficiency. Nitrogen salt increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and increased urinary nitrogen excretion, leading to a reduced nitrogen balance, while the higher concentrate level increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and the total amount of nitrogen excreted in milk. Therefore, it is recommended, for crossbred cows in the rainy-dry transition period, the supply of 1.5 kg d-1 concentrate during milking, using only mineral salt instead of nitrogen salt at will on pasture.
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Sądej, W., and K. Przekwas. "Fluctuations of nitrogen levels in soil profile under conditions of a long-term fertilization experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 5 (2008): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/394-pse.
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The present study is focused on the correlation between varied long-term fertilization and changes in soil nitrogen concentrations. It was found that all fertilization systems significantly increased the levels of total, mineral and organic nitrogen in the soil profile. Organic fertilizers (manure and slurry) contributed to a more considerable increase in the concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen undergoing hydrolysis in 6M HCl, compared to mineral fertilizers. Ammonia nitrogen dominated over nitrate nitrogen among mineral nitrogen forms. Organic fertilization contributed to nitrate nitrogen accumulation, while mineral fertilization to ammonia nitrogen storage. The highest accumulations of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were observed after the application of slurry and manure, respectively. Hydrolyzable nitrogen content and its proportion in total nitrogen generally decreased with soil depth. An increase in the levels of organic nitrogen forms, i.e. nitrogen contained in amino sugars and amino acids as well as ammonia nitrogen from decomposition of amides, amino sugars and amino acids, was conditioned primarily on the application of organic fertilizers, particularly manure. Amino acid-N dominated among hydrolyzable nitrogen compounds (77%), while amino sugar-N accounted for 5.6% only.
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Vasbieva, M. T., N. E. Zavyalova, and D. G. Shishkov. "The Effect of Long-Term Use of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash Fertilizers on the Content of Forms of Phosphorus Compounds in the Sod-Podzolic Soil of the Urals." Počvovedenie, no. 8 (August 15, 2024): 1125–32. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x24080079.
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The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on changes in the content of total phosphorus, its organic, mineral and mobile compounds in soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Albiс Retisol (Abruptic, Aric, Loamic)) was studied. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary experiment established in the Perm region in 1978. Options – 0 (without fertilizers), N90, P90, K90, N90P90, N90K90, P90K90, N90P90K90, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N120P120K120, N150P150K1 50. Ammonium nitrate or urea, double or simple superphosphate and potassium chloride were used in the experiment. It was established that long-term use of superphosphate during five rotations of a field eight-field crop rotation (P90, P90K90, N90P90, N90P90K90) led to a significant increase in the total content of phosphorus in the arable soil layer (0–20 cm), its mineral part by 1.3–1.8 times, mobile connections by 1.9–2.7 times. The use of nitrogen fertilizers (N90, N90K90, N90Р90 N90Р90K90) influenced the accumulation of organic phosphorus compounds in the soil. A significant increase in the soil content and reserves of both mineral and organic phosphorus compounds was observed only when using complete mineral fertilizer N90P90K90. Different combinations of superphosphate with nitrogen fertilizers and potassium chloride, as well as the dose of fertilizers, influenced the intensity of accumulation of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by rotation and changes in its amount along the profile. The application of low doses (NPK) 30–60 led to an increase in mobile phosphorus compounds mainly in the arable soil layer; when higher doses (NPK) 90–150 were used, changes were noted in the 0–80 cm layer. Long-term use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers over time led to an increase in mobile phosphorus compounds in the arable soil layer.
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Trifonova, T. A., S. M. Chesnokova, and O. V. Savelev. "Evaluation of the trophic level and self-cleaning ability of small flows by hydrochemical indicators (through the example of the Rpen River)." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 2 (2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-88-97.
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Aim. Assessment by nitrification index values of the level of trophicity and toxicity for aquatic organisms in the waters of a small watercourse in an urbanized area by the content of nutrients in the water and its selfcleaning ability.Materials and Methods. The concentration of compounds of nutrients in the waters of the river was determined using the "Kapel 104T." system of capillary electrophoresis. Water was sampled for analysis according to GOST R 51592- 2000. The water content of readily oxidized organic compounds was assessed by the magnitude of permanganate oxidizability (PND F 14.1; 2.4.154-99) and difficultly oxidized compounds by the magnitude of the chemical oxygen consumption (RD 52.24.421-2012). Assessment of the water trophic level was evaluated by measuring the content of various forms of mineral nitrogen and mineral phosphorus. The aggregation index characterizing the toxicity of various forms of mineral nitrogen to aquatic organisms was calculated by their ratio to MPC for fishery reservoirs. The nitrifying ability of river waters was estimated by the value of the nitrification index (Initr.), calculated by the ratio of the concentration of nitrogen of nitrates in water to the sum of the concentrations of various forms of mineral nitrogen and the self-cleaning ability by the values of the nitrification index.Results. In terms of the aggregation index, water at all sampling points was found to be toxic. The river ecosystem is characterized by a weak ability to cleanse itself and a weak nitrifying ability, which is associated with the influence of numerous cyanotoxins on the microbiocenosis of the watercourse and filtration organisms.Conclusion. It was shown that the most sensitive indicator of trophicity of river waters is the concentration of the mineral phosphorus. Through measuring the ratio of the concentrations of mineral nitrogen to mineral phosphorus, it was established that blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), producers of cyanotoxins, dominate in the phytoplankton of the river in all the points studied.
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Matoso, Stella Cristiani Gonçalves, Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt, Valdomiro Severino de Souza Júnior, Xosé Lois Otero Pérez, and Fábio Plotegher. "Variation in the properties of biochars produced by mixing agricultural residues and mineral soils for agricultural application." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 9 (2020): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20935180.
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The research and application of biochars enriched with minerals have increased in recent years; however, the mineral fraction used consists of specific minerals, such as clay minerals and synthesized compounds. In this work, the effects of adding two specific soil types (sandy and clayey) to rice and coffee husks in order to generate biochars via pyrolysis was investigated. Chemical, physical–chemical, thermal, spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses were conducted on the produced biochars. The study confirmed that the presence of mineral soils during the pyrolysis process increases the yield, C retention ratio, and specific surface area. It also decreases the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient content, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of biochars. However, the biochars produced by mixing coffee husks and mineral soils still demonstrate a capacity to increase the pH and the CEC of tropical soils. In addition, increased C retention demonstrates an environmental benefit of this biochar production method. Biomass pyrolysis combined with clayey soil results in a biochar with a higher degree of aromaticity and higher thermal stability when compared to biomass pyrolysis alone. These characteristics give the biochar a recalcitrant character, without the necessity for steps related to the synthesis of specific mineral compounds, which reduces the economic and energy cost of the process.
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Romanova, Sophia, Elena Krupa, and Аizada Serikova. "Compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies of the Kazakhstan part of the Irtysh River basin." Eurasian Journal of Ecology 79, no. 2 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje.2024.v79.i2-02.
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We present materials from our research to study the distribution of various forms of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus in the Irtysh River basin in the summer of 2023. It has been established that the content of mineral forms of nitrogen and their ratios are not the same in the water of rivers and lakes. In the water of the river’s tributaries. The Irtysh River was dominated by nitrate ions (from 0.039 to 1.033 mgN/dm3), with a maximum in the right-bank tributaries. The nitrite and ammonium ions share accounted for 2.7, 32.7 and 15.3, 38.3% of the total nitrogen, respectively. The share of nitrates in the Black Irtysh River averaged 59% of the amount of nitrogen. Downstream, within the Pavlodar region, nitrates were more often absent, and the proportion of ammonium nitrogen increased. Mineral soluble phosphorus (phosphate ions) was found in the water of all surveyed areas of the basin in insignificant concentrations (0.015 – 0.130 mg/dm3) due to the low solubility of its compounds and intensive absorption by hydrobionts. From the upper to the lower sections of the Irtysh there was a slight increase in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, as a result of the influence of the anthropogenic factor.
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Skowrońska, Monika, Sebastian Kuśmierz, and Jacek Walczak. "Selected Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds in a Maize Agroecosystem under the Use of Nitrogen Mineral Fertilizer, Farmyard Manure, Urease, and Nitrification Inhibitors." Agriculture 14, no. 2 (2024): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020274.
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Carbon and nitrogen compounds in agroecosystems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their key roles in crop production and their impacts on environment quality and/or climate change. Since fertilization profoundly disrupted the C and N cycles, several mitigation and/or adaptation strategies, including the application of farmyard manure (FYM) and/or urease and nitrification inhibitors (UI and NI), have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contents of soil organic carbon and its fractions, the total and mineral forms of nitrogen, as well as CO2 and N2O emissions under mineral and organic fertilization with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors in a maize agroecosystem. A two-year field study was carried out on Cambisols (silt) in Poland. The experiment scheme included nine treatments: C (the control without fertilization), UAN (Urea Ammonium Nitrate), UAN+UI, UAN+NI, UAN+UI+NI, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+UI, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+NI, and FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+UI+NI. It was found that treatments fertilized with cattle FYM were higher sinks and sources of C and N compounds in comparison to the UAN plots. The organic carbon, humic and humin acid, and total nitrogen concentrations, in contrast to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, were not affected by the inhibitors added. Nitrification and urease inhibitors were effective in decreasing N2O emissions only in treatments that were exclusively applied with UAN and had no significant influence on CO2 emissions.
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Labhsetwar, N. K., and O. P. Shrivastava. "Thermally stable coordination compounds intercalated in montmorillonite clay mineral." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 7 (1992): 1927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-241.
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Montmorillonite is a natural layered clay mineral having myriad applications due mainly to its remarkable ion exchange, intercalation, and swelling properties. It can act as a good host for several compounds. Two intercalated coordination compounds of Cu(II) and Ni(II) with 2,2′-bipyridyl have been prepared in the interlayer spaces of montmorillonite structure. They are characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic studies, and X-ray diffraction. Both compounds show similarity in their structure and properties with the respective normal complexes of similar composition. These compounds show good thermal stability. The present intercalated compounds might be useful for their nitrogen-immobilizing properties and high-temperature applications.
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Bulyhin, S., and O. Tonkha. "Biological evaluation of the rationality of soil usage in agriculture." Agricultural Science and Practice 5, no. 1 (2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp5.01.023.
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Aim. To perform biological evaluation of 60-year-long application of different variants of fertilization in terms of the number of microorganisms, transforming the compounds of nitrogen and carbon. Methods. Microbiological methods – determining the number of microorganisms, transforming the organic compounds and nitrogen, statistical processing. Results. It was determined that the application of a crop rotation with legumes and the variant with complete mineral fertilization on meadow-chernozem carbonate soils formed a balanced composition of microbial cenosis and the most optimal conditions for humus accumulation and nitrogen transformation. Conclusions. The microbiological monitoring demonstrated that it is possible to achieve non-degradation development of meadow-chernozem soil at the quasi-stable level in case of applying the 10-fi eld crop rotation with legumes (clover) and complete mineral fertilization.
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Chuchvaga, I. G., V. V. Volkogon, and K. I. Volkogon. "FORMATION OF MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER RYE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND DIAZOBACTERIN." Agriciltural microbiology 15 (June 21, 2012): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.15.101-112.
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Influence of mineral fertilizers and inoculation with microbial preparation Diazobacterin on formation and functioning of microbial associations in rhizosphere of winter rye was studied on sod-podzol soils. It was shown that application of nitrogen fertilizers increase number of microorganisms that utilize mineral and organic nitrogen compounds. The mostpositiveimpactonthedevelopmentof diazotrophswasobserved in variants with doses that do not exceed 60 kg/ha. Application of high fertilizer doses results in intense growth of denitrifying microorganisms. InoculationwithDiazobacterinpromotesgrowthofagricultureimportant microorganisms.
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Grzyb, Aleksandra, Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka, and Alicja Niewiadomska. "The Significance of Microbial Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds in the Light of Integrated Crop Management." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (2021): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071415.
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Nitrogen (N) is widely distributed in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It is a basic component of every plant cell as well as microorganisms, as a component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll. It enters soil with organic and mineral fertilizers, plant and animal residues and biological nitrogen fixation. There are various forms of nitrogen in soil, and this element is usually transformed by microorganisms. The transformation of nitrogen compounds (ammonification, nitrification and immobilization) is significantly influenced by climatic conditions and the physicochemical properties of soil. Microbial mineralization of nitrogen organic matter results in the enrichment of soil with this element, which is necessary to generate a yield. The amount of nitrogen entering soil through the mineralization of crop residues ranges from 15 to 45 kg N/ha in cereal residues and from 80 to 144 kg N/ha in winter rape residues. Biological nitrogen fixation can increase the nitrogen content in soil by 30–50 kg/ha/year. In recent decades, the mismanagement of mineral fertilizers has drastically changed the natural balance of the nitrogen cycle. Every year huge amounts of nitrogen compounds enter the aquatic ecosystems and cause their eutrophication. That is why it is important to have adequate knowledge of sustainable fertilization so as to practice integrated crop management.
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Majchrowska-Safaryan, Anna, Krzysztof Pakuła, and Marcin Becher. "The Influence of Spent Mushroom Substrate Fertilization on The Selected Properties of Arable Soil." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no. 4 (2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0016.
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Abstract In the last decades, Poland has become the leader in mushroom Agaricus bisporus production in Europe. Mushroom production generates large amounts of spent substrate, which as a waste material must be recycled. Significant in this macronutrient content, inducing nitrogen, encourages the use of this organic waste material to fertilize, especially light soils. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of spent mushroom substrate fertilization on the properties of A horizon of the Stagnic Luvisol, especially for the variation in the nitrogen fraction, in the two-year cultivation period. The following laboratory analyses were performed: soil pH, organic carbon content, total content of nitrogen and sorption properties. The sequential extraction of nitrogen compounds was performed with a 0.25 M KCl solution (for the extraction of mineral nitrogen forms and the most labile organic nitrogen compounds) and with 0.25 and 2.5 M H2SO4 (hot hydrolysis for sequencing of organic nitrogen compounds that are easily hydrolysing and difficult to hydrolyse). The application of spent mushroom substrate to the A horizons of the experimental objects had an effect on differentiation of soil properties and increased their value (pH, Corg, N-tot, Hh, CEC) in comparison to the control object to a greater degree after the first, then after the second year of cultivation. As the content of nitrogen mineral forms was differentiated, more nitrogen was found in an ammonium form (N-NH4) than in a nitrate form (N-NOx). The organic nitrogen content formed the following series of increasing amounts: soluble organic nitrogen NOS < NOEH < NODH < NONH.
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Zaryshniak, A. S., M. V. Lisovyi, V. M. Nikonenko, and О. I. Slidenko. "Effect of long-term application of fertilizers on agrochemical parameters of typical chernozem and grain quality of winter wheat." AgroChemistry and Soil Science, no. 94 (2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/acss94-03.
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The aim of the article is to present the results of analytical research on the evaluation of changes in the parameters of the properties of typical chernozem in a stationary field experiment under the influence of 28 years of application of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on two agrophones in a crop rotation. The experiment established in 1990 on a typical heavy loam chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) in the experimental farm "Hrakivske” which belongs to the NSC "Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research" named after O. N. Sokolovsky, in the Chuguyiv district of the Kharkiv region. The aim was to conduct agroecological monitoring in conditions of intensive agriculture to establish the permissible level of load of intensive chemicalization on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. In the soil samples taken in 2019 from the 0-30 cm layer, the changes that occurred after long-term application of fertilizer in the pH of the soil solution and the content of the following soil components were determined: humus; mineral compounds of nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; ammonium nitrogen; mobile phosphorus compounds; mobile compounds of potassium. The quality of winter wheat grain determined by the gluten content. Seven variants of the experiment with different fertilizer combinations and the control variant (without fertilizers) placed on two agrophones: natural (only mineral fertilizers applied) and after-effect of manure (mineral fertilizers and manure applied). The results of the research in 2019 compared with the initial state of the soil in 1990 separately at each site, thus revealing changes in the parameters of the agrochemical characteristics of the soil under the influence of different types of fertilizers. Common conclusion. In the Left-bank high Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the long-term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers in the natural agrophone has a negative effect on the reaction of the soil solution and the content of total humus, but has a positive effect on the accumulation of mobile compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The negative effect of mineral fertilizers on the soil properties manifested to a lesser extent after the application of manure. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the norms of N60P120 provides a gluten content in winter wheat grains at the level of 25 %, which meets the regulatory requirements of the second class of group A.
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Malynovska, I. M., and S. E. Degodiyk. "Monitoring research of the direction of mineralization processes under the influence of organo-mineral and organic fertilization systems." Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, no. 2 (July 2, 2022): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.04.
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aim. To monitor changes in the microbial component of gray forest soil under the influence of traditional and modern types of fertilizers used in modern agriculture. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It has been established that the use of the organo-mineral fertilization system allows to intensify the development of soil organic matter by 56.3%, the mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.7%, increases the oligotrophy coefficient by 22.5%, reduce the activity of humus mineralization by 68.7 % and increase the total biological activity by 5.65%. Doubling the dose of mineral fertilizers against the background of the organic fertilization system (the 4th year after the introduction of 60 t/ha of cattle litter manure) leads to an increase in the level of consumption of soil organic matter by 22.3%. It is consistent with the data of previous growing season: application of unbalanced doses of mineral fertilizers provokes the decomposition of soil organic matter. The value of the nitrogen mineralization coefficient and humus mineralization activity does not change as a result of applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers. But the total biological activity increases by 16.8%. Applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces soil phytotoxicity by 17.6 %. Plowing of pea straw against the background of an organo-mineral fertilization system intensifies the development of organic matter of gray forest soil by 13.4%, reduces the intensity of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.3%, reduces the activity of humus mineralization by 10.7%, does not affect the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil. The application of organic fertilizers leads to the intensification of mineralization processes (compared to the mineral fertilization system (N50Р30К50) soil organic matter by 23.7 %, nitrogen compounds by 18.2%; slowing down of humus mineralization processes by 31.3%, increasing the deficit of easily digestible nutrients by 22.5%, an increase of total biological activity by 8.24%, a decrease of phytotoxicity by 13.3%. Conclusions. The application of organic fertilizers in the form of cattle manure optimizes soil-forming processes, prevents the mineralization of humus, which is the main factor of potential soil fertility, and creates conditions for improving the mineral nutrition of plants, which is the basis of increasing the level of effective soil fertility.
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Valerko, R., and L. Herasymchuk. "Agroecological load on rural residential areas of Zhytomyr region as a factor of nitrogen content in drinking water." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(167) (December 9, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-200-207.
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The paper examined content of nitrogen compounds in drinking water in the sources of decentralized water supply in rural areas of Zhytomyr region and studied the dependence of their content on agroecological indicators such as the area of agricultural land owned and used by agricultural enterprises, the introduction of mineral and organic crops as well as livestock amount in the studied areas. The research was conducted in the new enlarged districts of Zhytomyr region. The analysis of drinking water for nitrogen content was carried out in the Measuring Laboratory of Polissya National University according to generally accepted methods, groundwater quality was determined by the total coefcient of complex pollution. It was established that in the territory of Berdychiv district during 2020 the largest amount of mineral fertilizers equal to 63719 centners was applied. The largest amount of organic fertilizers was used in the territory of Novograd-Volynsky district and amounted 32358 tons. The content of nitrogen containing compounds exceeded was recorded only for nitrates, and this trend was typical of all the studied areas. The situation was critical for Berdychiv district, where the average content of nitrates in drinking water was at the level of 129.8 mg/dm3, which exceeds the standard by 2.6 times. Groundwater, according to the coefcient of complex pollution, of all districts is quite clean. Strong correlations have been shown between nitrate content in drinking water and mineral and organic fertilizers, and weak correlations with the area of agricultural land used by farms and the number of cattle. Key words: area of agricultural lands, mineral and organic fertilizers, cattle population, drinking water, nitrates, nitrogen-containing compounds, rural settlements, correlations.
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Montoya-Jasso, Víctor Manuel, Gerardo Sergio Benedicto Valdés, Víctor Manuel Ordaz Chaparro, Alejandrina Ruiz-Bello, Jesús Manuel Arreola Tostado, and Ximena Castillo Validez. "EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES MINERALIZATION BY C-CO2 FLUX UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION." Suelos Ecuatoriales 49, no. 1 y 2 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47864/se(49)2019p19-28_101.
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The objective was to evaluate the mineralization of two mixtures of substrates with different nitrogen content, moisture, compost and mineral mixture based on zeolite and dolomite. The measured parameters were pH (extract 1:2), electrical conductivity (extract 1:5) by conductimeter; content of organic matter by ignition; organic carbon based on the results of organic matter using the Douglas factor= 0.5; and nitrogen per micro Kjeldahl. The flow of CO2 was measured with the IRGA gas analyzer. For both moisture content, the compost-free substrates had a higher C/N ratio. Compost substrates, because of their high mineralization, were appropriate with advantages to the supply of nitrogen. Substrates with compost and 15% moisture released higher CO2 by presenting more easily degradable compounds. Mineralization rates on substrates were higher with 15% humidity due to increased porous space occupied by gases, in addition, the supply of 50% of nitrogen had a low immobilization due to the lower organic matter content and the 40 cm3 L-1 mineral mixture content changed the dilution of carbon to be metabolized by microorganisms. The rate of mineralization was affected by the use of minerals, the quality and the subtrate origin
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Lopushniak, V. I., and G. M. Hrytsuliak. "The change of the main agrochemical indicators of the sod-podzolic soil for the submission of the municipal wasterwater under the artichoke." PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE 12, no. 3 (2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.066.
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The studies have shown that the introduction of sewage sludge and compost made on its basis, significantly affects the change in the agrochemical parameters of the sod-medium-podzolic soil, increasing the content of the alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen compounds by 2.2 – 13.4 mg/kg of the soil compared to with control and determining the size of its values at the level of 51.2 – 56.5 mg/kg of the soil in the upper (0 – 20 cm) and 27.9 – 31.6 mg/kg – in the lower (20 – 40 cm) soil layer. The content of the ammonium nitrogen compounds in the variants with the fertilizer application fluctuated in a small range of the values (16 – 21 mg/kg of soil) and increases under the influence of increasing fertilizer doses. Together with the change in the content of the nitrate nitrogen, this contributed to an increase in the content of the mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil in the range of 18.5 – 23.4 mg/kg of the soil in arable (0 – 20 cm) and 19.8 – 21.9 mg/kg of the soil – in subsoil (20 – 40 cm) layers, which by 1.7 – 2.2 mg/kg of the soil exceeded the control variant. The highest indicators of the mineral nitrogen compounds were recorded in the variant where the highest dose of the sewage sludge was applied – 40 t/ha and mineral fertilizers (N10P14K58). Despite the wide range of the nitrogen content values of the alkaline hydrolysed compounds and mineral nitrogen compounds, their ratio remained stable and was 2.3 – 2.6 in the upper and 1.3 – 1.5 in the lower (20 – 40 cm) soil layer, and also decreased with the increasing dose of the fertilizer. That is, this indicator did not change significantly depending on the fertilizer application rate. The content of the mobile phosphorus compounds in the variants with the use of the fertilizers fluctuated in the range of the values (77.5 – 98.5 mg/kg of the soil) and increased under the influence of the introduction of the sewage sludge and compost based on it, which is 14.6 – 35.6 mg/kg of the soil was dominated by the control indicators. The highest rates of the mobile phosphorus compounds were recorded in the variant where the sewage sludge were applied – 40 t/ha and N10P14K58. The introduction of the sewage sludge at a rate of 20 – 40 t/ha contributed to an increase in the content of the potassium metabolites at the level of 89.3 – 97.2 mg/kg of the soil in the upper (0 – 20 cm) and 83.1 – 93.4 mg/kg – in the lower (20 – 40 cm) layer, which exceeded the indicators of the control variant by more than 42.1 mg/kg of the soil. The content of the potassium metabolic compounds increased somewhat less with the introduction of the composts based on the sewage sludge and straw. The results of the correlation-regression analysis indicate that the phosphorus concentration coefficient in the soil largely depends on the content of its mobile compounds and is marked by the coefficient of the determination R2 = 0.70. The potassium concentration coefficient is closely (R2 = 0.91) correlated with the content of its metabolic compounds in the soil.
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Malinovskaya, I. M., and D. V. Litvinov. "MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE ROOT ZONE OF PEA AND WINTER WHEAT PLANTS AT CULTIVATION IN MONOCULTURE AND FOUR FIELD CROP ROTATION." Agriciltural microbiology 14 (April 26, 2012): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.14.77-90.
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The peculiarities of various microbiological processes at cultivation of winter wheat and pea crops in the permanent and short crop rotations were studied in stationary experiments. It was established that the cultivation of wheat in a monoculture results in intensification of consumption of soil organic matter as compared to the crop rotations: without applications mineral fertilizers on 52,2 %, with mineral fertilizers – on 77,8 %; increase of humus mineralization: without fertilizer on 111 %, with fertilizer (N60P60K60) – on 15 %; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds on 100 and 60,0 %, respectively. Cultivation of peas in a monoculture was also accompanied by intensification of soil organic matter development: without the application of mineral fertilizers by 3,17 times, with mineral fertilizers – by 1,79 times; increase of humus mineralization by 1,73 and 1,88 times, respectively; and activation of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 2,38 and 1,88 times, respectively. The decrease of humus mineralization activity in the root zone of pea plants as comparing to the wheat was at 45,7 % (monoculture), 19,2 % (crop rotation) and 46,9 % (crop rotation, NPK) levels.
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Kristek, Suzana, Sandra Brkić, Jurica Jović, Andrej Stanković, Marina Brica, and Krunoslav Karalić. "THE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN‐FIXING BACTERIA IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZERS IN SUGAR BEET." Poljoprivreda 26, no. 2 (2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.26.2.8.
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The aim of this study was to examine the possibilities of reducing the mineral nitrogen fertilizers by applying the free‐living (Azotobacter chroococcum) and associative (Azospirillum brasilense) nitrifying bacteria in the sugar beet production, without a reduction in the yield and quality of the sugar beet root. Along with the vegetables, most nitrates are collected by the species of the family Chenopodiaceae, to which the sugar beet belongs. Nitrogen is one of the most vital elements in the achievement of high yields, so it is used in large quantities in fertilization. However, it is the most unstable macroelement that flushes into the deeper soil layers, and a groundwater eutrophication is caused very often. Numerous diseases are associated with the high amounts of nitrates, nitrites, and nitroso compounds, i.e., the nitrite and nitroso compounds originating from the foodstuffs having a plant origin, water, and the cured meat products. The results of the study have demonstrated that it is possible to reduce a mineral nitrogen fertilizer quantity by using the nitrogen‐fixing bacteria while even obtaining a higher quality of the studied parameters. The nitrogen‐fixing bacteria predominate in the rhizosphere, so the plants could use the amounts of nitrogen necessary in a given vegetation period, which is not the case upon a nitrogen fertilization.
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Anielak, Anna Maria, Michał Polus, Helena Diakun, and Izabela Radomska-Kreft. "The Importance of the Mineral Substrate of the Biofilm in the Process of Low-Temperature Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Wastewater." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237417.
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This study researched the use of biofilms to remove nitrogen compounds from municipal sewages at low temperatures, especially in winter. An aluminosilicate substrate was used to create a biofilm, which has an affinity for ammonium ions. The selection of biofilm-forming microorganisms has been shown to occur on aluminosilicate. This substrate is mainly inhabited by microorganisms that remove nitrogen compounds. As a result, microorganisms protected against external factors in the biofilm effectively remove nitrogen compounds. The TN content in sewage treated at a temperature of 10 °C was of a 4 mg/L order and was 3–5 times lower than in the reference system (classical conditions). This process involves shortened nitrification/denitrification such as Anammox. As a result of a given process, CO2 emissions were reduced and much smaller amounts of NOx were produced, positively impacting the ongoing climate changes. Microbiological DNA/RNA tests have shown that the biofilm is primarily composed of archaea and bacteria that remove nitrogen compounds, including those that oxidize ammonia.
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Volkohon, V. V., A. M. Moskalenko, S. B. Dimova, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS UPON ADDITIONAL APPLICATION OF FRESH ORGANIC MATTER TO THE SOIL." Agriciltural microbiology 38 (December 14, 2023): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.38.3-15.
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Objective. Using biological testing, determine the environmental appropriate rates of mineralnitrogen, applied in the background of effect and aftereffect of straw and biomass of intermediatelupine green manure, in the fertilization system of potatoes and spring barley. Methods. Field experiment (growing crops in crop rotation in the conditions of a long-term (since 2009) stationaryexperiment on leached chornozem); gas chromatographic (to determine the potential nitrogenfixing (nitrogenase) and potential denitrifying activities in the rhizosphere soil of plants dependingon the fertilizer); statistical. Results. With the systematic application of fresh organic matter to thesoil in the form of 5.0 t/ha of straw and 5.3 t/ha of dry biomass of intermediate lupine green manure, the excess of nitrogen mineral compounds is metabolically bound (immobilized) by microorganisms, the process of nitrogen fixation is restored, the emission of N2O decreases, and the ratesof mineral fertilizers not exceeding N80P80K80 become environmentally appropriate when growingpotatoes. At the same time, the introduction of straw does not require additional provision of mineral nitrogen to optimize the C/N ratio. The highest rate of mineral fertilizers N120P120K120 in theexperiment, even when combined with organic matter for a long time is environmentally inappropriate — only at the end of the growing season, the studied indicators demonstrate its acceptability.When growing spring barley on leached chornozem, the optimization of the processes of biologicaltransformation of nitrogen compounds is achieved if mineral fertilizers are applied on the background of aftereffect of organic matter in a rate not exceeding N60P60K60. Systemic application ofN90P90K90 suppresses the activity of nitrogen fixation and ensures significant losses of nitrous oxide.This rate of fertilizers should be applied only on the condition that it is applied against the background of the aftereffect of straw and green manure mass, which contributes to the mitigation ofenvironmental consequences. Conclusion. The use of mineral fertilizers against the backgroundof systematic application of winter wheat straw and intermediate lupine green manure biomass tothe soil contributes to the optimization of the biological state of the leached chornozem. The improvement of environmental indicators contributes to the growth of the yield of agricultural crops.
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Reis, Cristiano E. R., Heitor B. S. Bento, Thiago M. Alves, Ana K. F. Carvalho, and Heizir F. De Castro. "Vinasse Treatment within the Sugarcane-Ethanol Industry Using Ozone Combined with Anaerobic and Aerobic Microbial Processes." Environments 6, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6010005.
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The production of ethanol from sugarcane or molasses generates vinasse, a residue rich in organic matter and minerals. Vinasse is often used in fertilization and irrigation practices, which may be linked to negative environmental outcomes if excess is applied. Herein, we introduce a novel alternative to the treatment of vinasse promoting the reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, phenolic compounds, and its mineral content through the coupling of ozone treatment, anaerobic digestion, and the aerobic growth of fungi. The ozone treatment is able to remove about 30% of the total COD, and deplete the concentration of phenolic compounds, while anaerobic digestion produces biogas and generates vinasse digestate, which is less biorecalcitrant than raw vinasse. The aerobic fungal growth generates oleaginous fungal biomass and promotes over 80% of Kjeldahl-Nitrogen in the vinasse. If vinasse were treated following the sequence of anaerobic digestion, aerobic fungal growth, and ozone treatment, the effluent would have about 95% of the COD decreased, complete removal of phenolic compounds, and over 80% of Kjeldahl-Nitrogen.
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Syshchykov, D.V., and I.V. Agurova. "Content of mineral nitrogen in degraded agricultural land of the Shakhtersk district of the Donetsk People's Republic." Indusrtial Botany 23, no. 2 (2023): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10048679.
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Study of content of ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen in degraded soils of agricultural land in the Shakhtersk district of the Donetsk People's Republic enabled us to reveal certain patterns in their distribution. The study has shown that compared to the control (typical chernozem), there was a multidirectional tendency in the accumulation of nitrogen mineral forms in the soil of the research areas, depending on the degree of land degradation processes, intensity of land use and the type of cultivated crop. It has been shown that the nature of presence of mineral nitrogen compounds in degraded farmland soils varies depending on the element's form. The level of availability of exchanged ammonium ranges from «very low» to «increased», that of nitrate nitrogen is defined as «very low» in the soils of all research areas.
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Sunaryanto, Rofiq, and Diana Nurani. "OPTIMASI PERMUKAAN RESPON MEDIUM FERMENTASI Streptomyces prasinopilosus SEBAGAI ANTIFUNGI TERHADAP PATOGEN Ganoderma boninense." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 6, no. 2 (2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v6i2.3231.
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Response Surface Optimization of Medium Fermentation for Streptomyces prasinopilosus as An Antifungal against Ganoderma boninenseGanoderma boninense is one of the pathogenic fungi that cause basal stem rot (BPB) on oil palm plants. This research aims to study the effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and minerals on the production of Streptomyces prasinopilosus active compounds. Lactose, yeast extract, and minerals are medium components that show a real influence on the production of S. prasinopilosus active compounds. Optimization of the factors that have significant influence was predicted by the second-order model, statistically through a central composite design (CCD). The highest S. prasinopilosus active compound production, with a medium composition of 44.77 g L-1 lactose, 13.02 g L-1 yeast extract, and 15.95 mL L-1 mineral solution, was predicted by the quadratic model to reach 32269366.338 peak area unit on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The verification of the mathematical model of the production of the active compounds through experiments in the laboratory was 27,203,907.310 peak area unit. This result was 15.7% lower compared to the result of the quadratic model. Optimization increased S. prasinopilosus active compound 9-fold compared to that before optimization.Keywords: active compound; G. boninense; optimization; RSM; S. prasinopilosus ABSTRAKGanoderma boninense merupakan salah satu jamur patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang atau biasa disebut BPB pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh sumber karbon, sumber nitrogen, dan mineral terhadap produksi senyawa aktif S. prasinopilosus. Laktosa, yeast extract, dan mineral adalah komponen medium yang menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap produksi senyawa aktif S. prasinopilosus. Optimasi terhadap faktor yang berpengaruh nyata diprediksi dengan model orde dua melalui rancangan statistis central composite design (CCD). Produksi senyawa aktif S. prasinopilosus tertinggi diprediksi oleh model kuadratik mencapai 32269366,338 luasan puncak kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dengan komposisi medium laktosa 44,77 g L-1, yeast extract 13,02 g L-1, dan larutan mineral 15,95 mL L-1. Verifikasi model matematis produksi senyawa aktif yang dihasilkan melalui percobaan di laboratorium adalah sebesar 27.203.907,310 luasan puncak kromatogram KCKT. Hasil ini lebih rendah 15,7% dibandingkan dengan model kuadratik hasil optimasi. Optimasi meningkatkan senyawa aktif S. prasinopilosus 9 kali lipat dibandingkan sebelum optimasi.
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Roncero, José M., Manuel Álvarez-Ortí, Arturo Pardo-Giménez, Adrián Rabadán, and José E. Pardo. "Review about Non-Lipid Components and Minor Fat-Soluble Bioactive Compounds of Almond Kernel." Foods 9, no. 11 (2020): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111646.
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This work presents a bibliographic review about almond kernel non-lipid components, in particular about the protein fraction, the carbohydrates and the mineral fraction. In addition, other fat-soluble phytochemicals which are present in minor concentrations but show important antioxidant activities are reviewed. Almond kernel is a rich protein food (8.4–35.1%), in which the globulin–albumin fraction dominates, followed by glutelins and prolamins. Within the almond kernel protein profile, amandine dominates. Free amino acids represent a small amount of the total nitrogen quantity, highlighting the presence of glutamic acid and aspartic acid, followed by arginine. Carbohydrates that appear in almond kernels (14–28%) are soluble sugars (mainly sucrose), starch and other polysaccharides such as cellulose and non-digestible hemicelluloses. Regarding the mineral elements, potassium is the most common, followed by phosphorus; both macronutrients represent more than 70% of the total mineral fraction, without taking into account nitrogen. Microminerals include sodium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Within the phytochemical compounds, tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, stanols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols and volatile compounds can be found.
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Sousa, Virginia, Maurício Ursi-Ventura, Fernando Teruhiko-Hata, and Leonel Vinícius-Constantino. "Organic fertilizers diminish two important pests on collard green compared to synthetic fertilizer." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 15, no. 4 (2024): e3448. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v15i4.3448.
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Plant fertilization may impact directly on insect pest behavior and biology. Fertilization may be accomplished by using synthetic mineral or organic fertilizers. The effect of different doses of boiled hen chicken manure, Penergetic®, Bokashi compound and mineral fertilizer on the adult population of Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae on collards leaves were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using the treatments: Bokashi, Penergetic® bioactivator, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% of solution of boiled manure, mineral fertilization and control. The number of insects was counted directly on the leaves, and the nitrogen, potassium content, and total phenolic compound in the leaves were determined. Higher populations of Bemisia tabaci and M. persicae were observed on NPK-fertilized plants compared to other treatments. Higher levels of nitrogen foliar were found for Bokashi-fertilized plants; and higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds were found in the control. A negative correlation between total phenolics and B. tabaci was established suggesting the importance of these compounds in the species development. The results indicate the importance of the source of the fertilization for sustainable pest management.
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Maliuk, T. V., N. G. Pcholkina, and L. V. Kozlova. "Nutrients boom as an indicator of the fruit crops requrements in mineral nutrition." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 75 (2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-110-120.
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The studies were devoted to determining the parameters of the nitrogen absorption and boom by of pome fruit crops intense in the conditions of Southern Ukraine and to assessing the expediency of these indices using to establish the plants requirements in mineral nutrition and rational fertilizers doses. The size and structure of the nitrogen boom by apple and pear trees, that is, the ratio between the nitrogen boom from pruned trees and fruits proved to depend on the varietal signs level of the crop yield, as well as on the doses, terms and methods of the mineral fertilizers application. However, the average nitrogen boom rates by these crops on the irrigated southern black soil did not exceed 25-52 kg N/ha, and this element absorption rate from mineral fertilizers was no more than 14-22 %. The investigations also showned that, with the maximum doses of the N90-120 fertilizer, the nitrogen boom with pruned trees increased by 11-31 % depending on the crop without significant increase of the orchard yield. In addition, when using nitrogen at doses significantly exceeding its boom, the soil accumulated an excess of nitrate compounds beyond the location of the bulk of the trees root system on vegetative rootstocks. Their amount achieved 17-35 % of the total nitrogen supplied to the soil during the entire fertilizer application period. This can cause both the increase of unproductive nitrogen loss, of environmental stress and the reduction of fertilizer payback, in agrocenoses due to the soil water contamination by nitrates. Considering the above mentioned facts as well as taking into account the ability of fruit crops to re-utilize the nutrients from the vegetative organs, the complex processes of the nitrogenous fund transformation of irrigated southern black soil, in particular, its ability to nitrogen mineralization, and the risk of the environmental contamination with nitrate compounds, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers doses higher than N60 in intense pome orchards in the south of Ukraine are not advisable in agronomic or environmental terms.
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Potapenko, L. V., L. М. Skachok, and N. I. Horbachenko. "WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION." Agriciltural microbiology 30 (December 3, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.30.39-45.
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Objective. To evaluate the influence of different fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations on the change of nutritional regime of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of crops of short-term crop rotation in the Polissia region. Methods. Fields — stationary experiment, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the basis of studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, analysis and determination of dependence between the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on fertilizer systems and microbial preparations was performed. It was found that the highest nutrient reserves in the soil were in the organo-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” in combination with microbial preparations: the content of mineral compounds of nitrogen — 82.32 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 223 mg/kg of soil, and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg, which is 1.8, 1.4 and 1.6 times higher than the parameter of the mineral fertilizer system, respectively. At the same time, due to the inoculation of seeds nitrogen reserves in the soil can increase up to 26 %. The application of the fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” provides an optimal level of root nutrition of crops of short-term crop rotation and, as a consequence, the highest productivity of crops, which amounted to: winter rye — 5.2 FU (fodder units), potatoes — 7.7 FU, oats — 3.3, lupine — 3.8 FU on background without inoculation and 5.7, 8.3, 3.9 and 4.4 FU, respectively, when microbial preparations were applied. The increase due to inoculation with this fertilizer system amounted to 0.5 fodder units (FU) for winter rye, 0.5 FU for potatoes, and 0.6 FU for oats, and 0.6 FU for lupine. Conclusion. The nutrient regime of sod-podzolic soil depends on the use of various fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations. Organic-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” under the use of microbial preparations is most effective for growing crops on sod-podzolic soil in short-term crop rotation. This combined fertilizer system contributes to the greatest accumulation of nutrient reserves: nitrogen mineral compounds — 82.3 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 220 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg.
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Ion, Alina Catrinel, Daniela Bogdan, Ion Ion, and Florinela Sirbu. "A POSSIBLE DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS DURING NATURAL MINERAL WATERS DISINFECTION TREATMENT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 16, no. 3 (2017): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2017.061.
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Canas, Sara, Florina Danalache, Ofélia Anjos, et al. "Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Compounds, Iron and Copper of Wine Spirit Aged with Chestnut Staves under Different Levels of Micro-Oxygenation." Molecules 25, no. 22 (2020): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225266.
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Alternative technologies for a more sustainable wine spirits’ ageing have been studied but a lack of knowledge on the effect of oxygenation level remains. This work examined the behaviour of low molecular weight compounds, iron and copper of a wine spirit aged in 50 L demijohns with chestnut wood staves combined with three levels of micro-oxygenation or nitrogen. Compounds and mineral elements were quantified by HPLC and FAAS, respectively, in samples collected at 8, 21, 60, 180, 270 and 365 days of ageing. Results showed that most of the compounds underwent significant changes in their content over time and behave differently depending on the wine spirit’s oxygenation level: higher contents of gallic acid, syringic acid and vanillin were associated with lower micro-oxygenation level while higher contents of ellagic acid, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde resulted from higher one; lowest contents of these compounds were found in the nitrogen modality. Weak correlation between copper and the studied compounds was evidenced whereas closer relationship between iron, vanillin, gallic, syringic and ellagic acids at end of ageing was observed. This study provides innovative information on the role of oxygen in wine spirit’s ageing, and on chestnut wood effect on wine spirit’s mineral composition.
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BARRIUSO, E., J. M. PORTAL, and F. ANDREUX. "CINÉTIQUE ET MÉCANISME DE L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE DE LA MATIÈRE ORGANIQUE D'UN SOL HUMIFÈRE DE MONTAGNE." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-061.
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From the surface horizon of an organic-rich mountain soil, humic and fulvic acids, and organo-mineral compounds including clay and hydroxy-metal colloids, were separated and purified. Each of these fractions was hydrolyzed in 3.0 M HCl under reflux, then the reaction parameters related to the solubilization of carbon and nitrogen and to the kinetics of hydrolysis were calculated. Acid hydrolysis was interpreted as the result of two successive steps: first a rapid electrophilic attack of heteroatomic C-O and C-N bonds by protons, then a slow nucleophilic hydration of the protonated bonds. Electron delocalization in these bonds, which increased with the polycondensation degree of organic compounds, and with their adsoprtion on mineral surfaces, resulted in an increase in their stability to hydrolysis. Fulvic acids were found to be the less stable material, and lead to predominantly anionic hydrolysis products. Clay-sized humin was the most stable material and yielded mainly cationic hydrolysates. The stability to hydrolysis and the humification degree of organic matter in the fractions generally coincided, and decreased in the following order: fine clay-sized humin > alkali dispersible organo-mineral colloids > > humic acids > hydroxy-ferric organic colloids > hydroxy-aluminium organic colloids = fulvic acids. Key words: Organo-mineral complex, humic substances, acid hydrolysis, carbon, nitrogen
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Sylwia Gubernat, Joanna Czarnota, Adam Masłoń, and Piotr Koszelnik. "EFFECTIVENESS OF WASTEWATER POST-TREATMENT IN FILTER COLUMNS WITH THE USE OF MINERAL MATERIALS." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 37, no. 67 (2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2020.4.
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Based on the assumptions of the circular economy model and sustainable development, we are currently looking for natural and ecological materials in terms of wastewater treatment of pollutants. This article presents the research of three mineral materials – lava rock (LR), lightweight sintered aggregate (LSA) and lightweight clay aggregates (LCA) used as filling of filtration columns for the treatment of real wastewater. The filtration process was carried out under various hydraulic loads in two columns, one of which was additionally supported by the aeration process. The post-treated sewage was characterized by the following parameters: COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon), phosphate phosphorus (P-PO4), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Among the hydraulic loads applied, the most optimal loads were OhI = 0.25 m3/(m2·h). Certyd turned out to be the most effective with supporting filtration with the aeration process in removing organic compounds (reduction of 65.1% COD and 38.2% TOC at OhI). Lava rock seems to be a promising material reactive in terms of removal of biogenic compounds such as nitrogen (efficiency 23.8% at OhI) and phosphorus (64.2% reduction of TP at OhI) and organic compounds (21.4% reduction of TOC at OhI in conditions without aeration). LCA shows the best efficiency in sorption of phosphorus compounds (41.6% reduction of TP at OhI) and organic compounds (21.4% TOC reduction at OhI under non-aerated conditions).
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Zavyalova, N. E., M. T. Vasbieva, D. G. Shishkov, and I. V. Kazakova. "Nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil with long-term use of different types and combinations of mineral fertilizers." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 4 (August 15, 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500262723040087.
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The purpose of the work is to study the effect of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the fractional composition of nitrogen in soddy-podzolic soil in a long-term stationary experiment and compare it with a virgin analogue. The studies were carried out in 2016 and 2018 on the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture after harvesting barley in an eight-field crop rotation deployed on soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil. The experiment scheme: without fertilizers: N90; Р90; К90; N90P90; N90K90; P90K90; N90Р90К90. To assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers and their combinations on the nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil, the arable soil was compared with the virgin analogue. The nitrogen fund of soddy-podzolic soil of a long-term stationary experiment is represented by 64…71 % non-hydrolyzable and 17…22 % hardly hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen. Long-term use of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the ratio of nitrogen fractions characteristic of virgin soils of this type. Nitrogen fertilizers, both with one-sided application and in combination with potassium chloride (N90К90) and superphosphate (N90P90), contributed to an increase in the total nitrogen content in the arable soil layer by 10…20 % relative to the control, mineral nitrogen compounds - by 2…3 times. Unilateral application of potash fertilizer provided an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil by 12 %, the introduction of superphosphate did not have a signi cant effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Long-term use of complete mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90) only in this way: (N90P90К90) contributed to maintaining total nitrogen at the level of virgin soil - 1490 mg/kg. Long-term unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil over the entire meter layer by 1.5-2.5 times, ammonium - by 1.5-14.6 times. The reserves of mineral nitrogen in the variants N90P90, N90K90, and N90P90K90 in the 0-20 cm layer increased 2-3 times, in the 0-100 cm layer - 2 times relative to the control variant.
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Mammadova, S. "Agrochemical Features of Soils Under Vegetable Crops in the Lankaran Zone (Azerbaijan)." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 7 (July 15, 2023): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/92/19.
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The article presents the materials of agrochemical studies of the soils of the Lankaran Zone. Silt-mursh soils are divided into 2 groups: fully developed silt-mursh soils and poorly developed silt-mursh soils. The studied soils are sufficiently provided with humus and nitrogen; there are few nitrogen-containing compounds that can be absorbed by plants. Unlike nitrogen, the source of phosphorus nutrition for plants is only phosphates in the soil and fertilizers applied to the soil. Due to the large amount of humus in waterlogged soils, organic phosphorus compounds are also high. As a result of studies conducted by various scientists on swampy soils, it was found that 40% of total phosphorus is in organic and 58% in mineral forms.
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Vaitkevičienė, Nijolė, Elvyra Jarienė, Reto Ingold, and Jasmin Peschke. "Effect of biodynamic preparations on the soil biological and agrochemical properties and coloured potato tubers quality." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe aim of this research, which was undertaken in three years (2013-2015), was to evaluate the effect of biodynamic (BD) preparations 500 and 501 on soil biological and agrochemical properties and potato tuber quality. The soil samples were analyzed for: available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen (sum of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen) and mineral nitrogen. The potato samples were analyzed for: total polyphenols content, total anthocyanin’s content and antiradical activity. The research revealed that significantly the highest concentrations of available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in the soil throughout the growing season were identified on the 14th day after soil application of BD preparation 500 (before potato planting). As well as, soil spray application of BD preparation 500 resulted in higher enzyme activity (urease and saccharase). When the BD preparation 501 was applied, the content of total phenolic compounds in the tubers of cultivars Blue Congo and Red Emmalie was significantly higher, 20.1% and 5.4%, respectively; the content of anthocyanins were significantly higher in the tubers of three tested cultivars. However, the application of this preparation did not have any effect on the content of total phenolic compounds and on the antioxidant activity of Vitelotte tubers. The use of both preparations (500+501) had significant effects only on anthocyanins accumulation in the tubers of Blue Congo and Vitelotte. The application of preparation 500 significantly decreased the content of anthocyanins in the tubers of cvs. Red Emmalie and Vitelotte.
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Abdullayeva, N. R., M. N. Amiraslanova, L. I. Aliyeva, et al. "Preparation of monoalkyl (C8-C12) phenol-formaldehyde oligomers functionalized with imidazolines based on acids isolated from soybean oil and polyamines." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 03 (March 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2024-03-33-39.
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Research has been carried out on the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with nitrogen-containing organic compounds for the purpose of their use as anti-corrosion additives in mineral oils. Compared to organic acids obtained by multi-stage transformations, the production of nitrogenous compounds based on fatty acids of plant origin implements the use of more reliable sources of raw materials based on natural resources. In order to expand the range of these compounds, the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines based on fatty acids isolated from soybean oil and polyamines was carried out. In order to ensure the complete solubility of phenolic compounds in mineral oils, monoalkylphenols containing C8-C12 alkyl groups in the para position were used. The structure of monoalkyl (C8-C12) phenol-formaldehyde oligomers functionalized with imidazolines was studied in comparison with the initial components in the wave frequency range of 600–4000 cm-1 on a LUMOS “BRUKER” IR Fourier microscope made in Germany. The structure and physicochemical parameters of the obtained products were determined. Research on the use of synthesized compounds as anticorrosion additives for mineral oils was continued, satisfactory results were obtained.
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Volkohon, V. V., А. М. Moskalenko, S. B. Dimova, К. І. Volkohon, О. V. Pyrih, and V. P. Sydorenko. "MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURE CULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A REGULATING FACTOR FOR THE ACTIVITY OF THE DENITRIFICATION PROCESS." Agriciltural microbiology 29 (October 17, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.29.3-11.
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Objective. To determine the features of potential N2O emission from the rhizospheric soil of plants under different crop fertilization systems. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatographic methods. Results. In the field stationary experiment on leached chornozem during crop rotation in potato, spring barley, peas and winter wheat, it was shown that potential N2O losses from the rhizo-spheric soil of plants depend on fertilizing systems and microbial preparations. The losses of nitro-gen gaseous compounds are proportional to the standards of the applied mineral nitrogen fertiliz-ers. High N2O emission rates are observed in the first year of cattle manure application and during its after-effect. Emission of nitrous oxide also increases with organo-mineral fertilization. The use of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies: Biogran for potatoes, Mikrogumin for spring barley, Rhizogumin for peas, Polimiksobakteryn for winter wheat under the application of mineral fertilizers, contributes to a significant limitation of nitrogen gas losses. This is due to the increase of the absorption coefficients of the active substance from the fertilizers by bacterization-initiated plants and, consequently, the decrease in mineral nitrogen compounds in the rhizospheric soil. When growing potatoes by an organic agrarian background (40 t/ha of manure), the signifi-cant effect of Biogran on the course of the biological denitrification process has not been estab-lished, which can be explained by the formation of an intense pool of microorganisms under the use of manure, and the levelling of pre-sowing bacterization due to this effect. Conclusion. The use of microbial preparations for inoculation of agricultural seeds helps to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide from rhizospheric soil of plants under their cultivation by mineral agrarian backgrounds, which is important both economically and environmentally.
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Vasbieva, M. T. "Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of field crops and the potassium regime of sod-podzolic soil." Agrohimiâ, no. 11 (November 30, 2024): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002188124110021.
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In a long-term experiment launched in 1972 on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of field crops and the potash regime of the soil was studied. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: without fertilizers, P60K60 (background), background + N30, background + N60, background + N90, background + N120. The analysis of crop yields in the 6th rotation of the crop rotation (2013–2019) showed that the most effective application for spring crops (wheat, barley, oats) was N30P60K60, for potatoes – N60P60K60. The highest yield of clover hay was noted in the P60K60 and N30P60K60 variants. The maximum productivity of an 8-field crop rotation (4.19 tons of grain/ha/year) and a payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers (8.7 kg of grain) was obtained by applying N30P60K60. Studies of the total potassium content, its easily exchangeable, mobile and non-exchangeable compounds in the soil were carried out at the end of the 6th rotation of the crop rotation in a layer of 0–60 cm. It was revealed that the long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers led to an increase in the mobility of potassium compounds in the soil. A significant increase in the content of easily exchangeable and mobile potassium compounds was found by 1.2–1.9 times relative to the background in layers 0–20 and 40–60 cm of soil when N60–120 was applied. With prolonged use of the N30 dose, only trends towards an increase in the content of these forms of potassium were noted, which could be the result of using a low dose or due to the maximum potassium removal by plants per rotation in this variant. The application of the maximum dose of fertilizers (N120P60K60) led to an increase in non-exchangeable potassium compounds (by 1.1 times), which may have been due to the destruction of the mineral part of the soil. A comparison of the P60K60 and N60P60K60 variants showed that the maintenance of the content of mobile potassium compounds at the initial level (1972) with the use of a complete mineral fertilizer was largely due to the influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the solubility and availability of potassium compounds. The effect of prolonged use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers P60K60 and increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the total content of potassium in sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil has not been revealed.
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Egamberdiyeva, Dilfuza, Muhiddin Mamiev, and Svetlana K. Poberejskaya. "The Influence of Mineral Fertilizer Combined With a Nitrification Inhibitor on Microbial Populations and Activities in Calcareous Uzbekistanian Soil Under Cotton Cultivation." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.301.
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Application of fertilizers combined with nitrification inhibitors affects soil microbial biomass and activity. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of fertilizer application combined with the nitrification inhibitor potassium oxalate (PO) on soil microbial population and activities in nitrogen-poor soil under cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan. Fertilizer treatments were N as urea, P as ammophos, and K as potassium chloride. The nitrification inhibitor PO was added to urea and ammophos at the rate of 2%. Three treatments—N200P140K60(T1), N200P140 POK60(T2), and N200P140 POK60(T3) mg kg-1soil—were applied for this study. The control (C) was without fertilizer and PO. The populations of oligotrophic bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, mineral assimilating bacteria, oligonitrophilic bacteria, and bacteria group Azotobacter were determined by the most probable number method. The treatments T2 and T3 increased the number of oligonitrophilic bacteria and utilization mineral forms of nitrogen on the background of reducing number of ammonifying bacteria. T2 and T3 also decreased the number of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and net nitrification. In conclusion, our experiments showed that PO combined with mineral fertilizer is one of the most promising compounds for inhibiting nitrification rate, which was reflected in the increased availability and efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen to the cotton plants. PO combined with mineral fertilizer has no negative effects on nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter and oligo-nitrophilic bacteria.
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Pomelyayko, I. S., and A. V. Malkov. "Quality of surface and underground water at the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Water regions — problems and solutions." Водные ресурсы 46, no. 2 (2019): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321-0596462178-190.
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The results of long-term environmental monitoring of small rivers in the Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts region are presented. The characteristics of the surface water and groundwater at the resorts are considered. The degree and nature of their pollution were evaluated, and the main causes of water pollution in the region—including heavy-metal compounds, petroleum products, and nitrogen-containing compounds—were identified and analyzed. Data on mineral water from a number of production wells that are not compliant with the requirements of GOST R 54316-2011 are given. The analysis of hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical regimes of exploitation of the Kislovodskoye field, recommendations for improving the quality indicators of the main source of the “Narzan” field are given.
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Aguiza Abaï, Emmanuel, François Ntep, Philemon Ze Bilo’o, Auguste Ombolo, and Valery Hambate Gomdje. "Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flows in a Rice-Growing Basin: The Case of the Maga Production Basin (Cameroon)." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 6, no. 6 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.6.867.
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The availability of irrigation water has favored the development of agriculture in the Maga area, located in the Far North of Cameroon, with rice growing as the dominant agricultural activity. This activity is, however, known as a source of groundwater pollution through the infiltration of substances contained in inputs used for soil fertilization. The present study is a contribution to the analysis of the sources of contamination of the waters of the Maga rice basin by nitrogen and phosphate mineral compounds as well as the spatial distribution of these compounds. The monitoring of a network of fifteen wells and boreholes covering the rice-growing area during six campaigns made it possible to carry out the physicochemical characterization of subsurface and groundwater. The results obtained reveal that nitrates (NO3−) are present in water in low quantities, with averages per campaign ranging from 9.01 mg/L to 20.31 mg/L. On the other hand, ammonium (NH4+) and phosphates (PO43−) are in significant concentration. Their averages are of the order of 2.62 mg/L to 4.51 mg/L and then 0.65 mg/L to 5.58 mg/L for ammonium and phosphates, respectively. Mineral fertilizers used for soil amendment and degradation of organic matter, as well as the hydrolysis of minerals contained in the soil, contribute to the mineralization of water in the study area.
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Palchevskaya, Yekaterina S. "Influence of Mineral Salts on the Production of Antibiotics Phenazine Series from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.794.
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Phenazines represent a group of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic properties. Phenazines are studied extensively for their further application in plant disease management. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce phenazine compounds as the secondary metabolites. In this paper a complex of phenazine series antibiotics from the culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated and studied. It was established that the complex represented by phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and 2-hydroxyphenazine. The influence of various mineral salts to produce phenazine was investigated. Inhibitors and cofactors of the biosynthesis of antibiotics phenazine series were determined.
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Volkogon, V. V., and M. A. Zhurba. "NITROGEN FIXATION ACTIVITY, EMISSION OF N2O AND CO2 IN PEA AGROCOENOSES UNDER THE INLFUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND PRE-SOWING SEEDS BACTERIZATION." Agriciltural microbiology 18 (March 31, 2014): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.18.16-29.
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The dynamics of nitrogen fixation, emissions of N2O and CO2 in pea agrocoenoses under the influence of different fertilization systems and pre-sowing seeds inoculation with microbial preparation Rhizohumin were studied in stationary field experiment on leached black soil (short crop rotation potatoes – spring barley – peas – winter wheat). It was observed that symbiotic nitrogen fixation process had become active on the second year aftereffect of 40 t/ha of cattle manure, green manure and use of low (N30P30K30) and medium (N60P60K60) doses of mineral fertilizers. Rhizohumin had significantly increase nitrogen fixation activity in all variants except of the one with manure. Increase of N2O emissions had corresponded to the increasing doses of mineral fertilizers. The use of biological preparation had ensured the reduction of gaseous nitrogen losses due to the initiation of plants development. Carbon dioxide emission values had depended on the type and dose of fertilizers. Rhizohumin had reduced the emission of gaseous carbon compounds in variants with different fertilizer backgrounds due to its extensive use in the formation of additional yield.
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І. М., Malynovska, Soroka О. P., Ptashnik М. М., and Kurhak V. H. "INFLUENCE OF REGIMES OF USE AND FERTILIZATION OF SPONTANEOUSLY RENEWABLE SWARD ON THE COURSE OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES." Agriciltural microbiology 33 (June 18, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.33.55-61.
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Objective. To study the state of the soil microbiocenosis of spontaneously renewable phytocoenosis of the 21st year of self-growth after the application of mineral fertilizers at the dose of N90P40K70 and the two-mow regime. Methods. Experimental-field, laboratory-analytical, microbiological, statistical. Results. Optimization of mineral nutrition of renewable phytocoenosis contributes to an increase in the number of microorganisms: ammonifiers 2.24 times, mineral nitrogen immobilizers — 1.39, denitrifiers — 3.19, nitrifiers — 1.71, cellulose-destructive — 1.64, actinomycetes — 1.17, micromycetes — 1.20, organophosphate mobilizers — 1.33 times. As a result of twomow regime of the use grass cenoses, the number of microorganisms in most of the studied groups does not change, except for denitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, micromycetes and organophosphate mobilizers. The use of mineral fertilizers leads to a slowdown of mineralization processes in the soil: pedotrophicity index decreases by 2.28 times, the coefficient of mineralization of nitrogen compounds — by 1.60 time, oligotrophicity — by 2.25 times, the activity of humus mineralization — by 1.65 times. Alienation of plant biomass has a negligible effect on the course of microbiological processes in the soil: pedotrophicity index increases by 18.2 %, oligotrophicity coefficient — by 3.63 %, nitrogen mineralization coefficient decreases by 6.6 %, humus mineralization activity — by 6.2 %. Conclusion. Lack of mineral elements in the soil of the fallow provokes the intensification of mineralization processes, and the optimization of mineral nutrition of phytocoenosis plants contributes to their slowing down. The decrease in the total biological activity and the increase in the phytotoxicity of the soil with the two-mow use of sward indicate the beginning of the processes of soil depletion.
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Samokhvalova, V. L., A. O. Khristenko, L. O. Shedey, P. A. Samokhvalova, and O. V. Karatsuba. "Prediction of the different genesis soils nitrogen systems status." Ecology and Noospherology 29, no. 1 (2018): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031803.
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The method for predicting the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of various types of Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine for the assessment of soil quality due to the background conditions, the influence of technological load (for the application of organo-mineral, organic and mineral fertilizer systems), and risk or influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals (HM) is grounded. In the elaborated methodical approach is obtained a regression equation by the determination of new correlations of soil energy intensity indices (the calorific value of humus, soil energy reserves in a layer up to 20 cm) in conjunction with the humus state and the use of mathematical and statistical analysis for determining the value of easily hydrolysable nitrogen with the ability to predict the quality of soils of various genesis, with the further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types, climatic zones due to technogenic HM pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method: by improving the determination of the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of different genesis for the evaluation of their quality by identifying the most correlated, diagnostically applicable integral basic indicators of soil properties, which allow the informativeness to make managerial decisions and to predict the quality of soils of different genesis in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, as a biogenic element, due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads with increased accuracy, speed and informativeness. Elaborated method can find application in the ecological standardization of the content of biogenic macroelements, the normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology for solving the problems of organic agriculture, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting of the soils nitrogen systems state; the quality of humus and macroelement status of soils on indicators of ecological and energy status; effective ecological management of soils due to the background conditions, as well as for various anthropogenic influences and in scientific research for the investigating of biogeochemistry and biogenic macroelements of soil cover. Separate provisions of the elaborated method became an integral part of the proposals on adaptation to the Nitrate Council Directive 91/676 / EEC of 12.12.1991 on the protection of water from pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, as amended by Regulation (EC) № 1882/2003 Cross Nitrogen Balances Handbook. Prospective directions of research in the field of diagnostics, assessment, forecasting of the state of soils nitrogen systems and the normalization of the elemental composition quality, in particular, the content of nutrient nitrogen are determined. In order to overcome the biogenic pollution (excessive accumulation of nitrogen compounds) in the environment (plants, waters), the normalization of nitrogen content in soils of different genesis should include: a) determination of the maximum permissible levels of mobile mineral forms of nitrate nitrogen by the elaboration of environmental requirements for nitrates contamination with plant products; b) normalization of the content of labile easily hydrolysable nitrogen and / or a dose of nitrogen fertilizers in conditions of sufficient and excessive moistening, considering the rapid processes of transformation of nitrogen compounds in soils; c) normalization of the soil nitrogen mineral compounds content in conditions of insufficient moistening and slowing down the processes of circulation of nitrogen compounds of soils. Distinctive features and advantages of the proposed elaboration in comparison with known methods and approaches are: 1) the express obtain of the accurate projected levels of easily hydrolysable nitrogen as a nutrient in the soil with the improving the accuracy of soil diagnosis by the use of the basic integrated indicators; 2) providing opportunity for greater efficiency of forecasting data on the functioning of the nitrogen systems of different genesis soils, quality, environmental and energy state of soils due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads while minimizing the cost of material resources; 3) empowerment of the user in determination of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in the soil without extensive chemical analysis by the choice of regression equations, based on the use of baseline soil properties of a particular type and subtype according to the available information; 4) versatility of the method by the suitability of detected dependencies of the proposed method for all soil types and subtypes, climatic zones and contaminants.