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Maksimova, Svetlana, Denis Poleschuk, Elena Surovtseva, Kseniya Vereshchagina, and Alexei Milovanov. "King Crab Wastes Potential as the Technological Valuable Raw Materials." Food Industry 4, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2019-4-4-4.
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The article presents the technological potential research results of secondary resources formed in the King crab cutting process for food purposes. The authors analyzed waste (cephalothorax and abdomen) obtained from the King crab industrial processing from the North Okhotsk sea subzone and Primorye subzone. They determined the size and mass characteristics of waste. There is the shell, viscera (including liver), gills and abdominals ratio. A man examined the ratio of mineral (shell) and protein (interior and gills) parts of the studied waste experimentally. The research aim was to determine the total chemical composition, amino acid composition of proteins, fatty acid composition of lipids and mineral composition of the combined waste. The authors revealed that the secondary raw materials under the experiment consisted of the protein by 13.37 ± 0.05 %, lipids by 2.68 ± 0.1 %, minerals by 8.33 ± 0.25 % and carbohydrate compounds by 4.22 ± 0.05 %. The experiment determined the essential amino acids sum in the protein part. Valine, leucine and cysteine are limiting. Fatty acids in lipids waste are represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids in significant amounts (42.11 %). Calcium and sodium are overwhelming macronutrients in the waste from the King crab cutting, while iron and zinc are dominating microelements. The research results indicate the high technological value of waste from King crab cutting and the potential of this secondary raw material as a basis for the production of biologically valuable protein and mineral products.
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Chamberlain, Steven C. "Who's Who in Mineral Names: Robert Joseph King (1923–2013)." Rocks & Minerals 89, no. 2 (February 12, 2014): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2014.865440.
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Vieira, Manoela Alano, Rossana Podestá, Karina Cardoso Tramonte, Renata Dias de Mello Castanho Amboni, Karina Nunes de Simas, Sandra Regina Paulon Avancini, and Edna Regina Amante. "Chemical composition of flours made of residues from the king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) industry." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 4 (August 2009): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000400021.
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Residues from King palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) processing were used for the production of flours, which were then chemically characterized. The protein content in these flours ranged from 3.62 to 9.75 g/100g and was higher in sifted leaf flour (SLF). The dietary fiber contents varied from 64 to 72 g/100g. These values were high when compared to those of flours used in human nutrition. Analysis of anti-nutritional factors showed phytate contents to be below the levels that affected the bioavailability of minerals in human diet. Tannin contents were compatible with those found in legumes, between 0 and 2000 mg/100g. These flours showed high mineral content, which suggested a possibility for them to be used as food supplement. However, the bioavailability of these minerals could be affected by high total dietary fibre concentrations and anti-nutritional components contained in the samples.
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Anonymous. "Jing and King Receive Mineral and Rock Physics Graduate Research Awards." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 8 (February 21, 2012): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo080007.
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Hwang, San-Gwang, Yi-Ying Li, and Huey-Ling Lin. "The Use of Sawdust Mixed with Ground Branches Pruned from Wax Apple or Indian Jujube as Substrate for Cultivation of King Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)." HortScience 50, no. 8 (August 2015): 1230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.8.1230.
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The king oyster mushroom [Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.) Quél.] is gaining popularity across the world due to its excellent taste, high nutritional quality, medicinal value, and long shelf life. Conventional substrates for king oyster mushroom cultivation consist of sawdust derived from various tree species. Sawdust demand is increasing worldwide, creating a need for alternative materials that can at least partially replace sawdust as substrate for king oyster mushroom. In Taiwan, as in other countries that grow fruit trees, pruned fruit tree branches are an expensive agricultural waste, particularly if they are not recycled or reused. In the present study, we evaluated substrates containing sawdust and different proportions of material ground from pruned wax apple or Indian jujube branches for cultivation of king oyster mushroom. Our results suggested that among all five substrate mixes tested, the best substitute for conventional sawdust (100% sawdust) was a substrate that contained 75% sawdust mixed with 25% materials ground from trimmed wax apple branches (Wax apple 25%). Furthermore, determination of mineral element content, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) levels of the substrates both before spawn inoculation and after harvesting revealed no significant changes in mineral content, a slight reduction in pH value, and a minor increase in EC levels after cultivation. Taken together, results from this study suggest that agricultural wastes from pruned fruit tree branches can partially replace sawdust as the cultivation substrate for king oyster mushroom.
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Rangel, Caio Vinícius Gabrig Turbay, Marcos Tadeu D’Azeredo Orlando, Hannah Almeida Jardim, Ivan Carlos Carreiro Almeida, Eduardo De Sá Mendonça, Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira, André Thomazini, and Carlos Ernesto Schaefer. "PROVENANCE AND ALTERATION OF GLACIAL SEDIMENTS IN KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2019.41788.
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Mineralogical and geochemical data of glacial sediments of Low Head, King George Island, Antarctica, are presented to approach its provenance and alterations aspects. Mineralogical analyses were performed using petrography and an x-ray diffraction method, while to the geochemistry was performed by x-ray fluorescence. Comparisons using major elements in the sediments with possible source areas, suggested that they are closest to the King George Island parent rocks, with no contribution of rocks from Antarctic Peninsula. The gravel and sand fractions demonstrate that the till is composed of basaltic and andesitic rock fragments, plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole, typical of active immature volcanic arc. The mud fraction indicates chemical characteristics consistent with calc-alkaline to tolleitic and metalluminous affinity of source rock of the till and the presence of secondary mineral phases, such as laumontite, brucite and saponite. The values of alteration indices, such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, in the regional rocks and sediments reflect a remarkable degree of alteration, possibly due to hydrothermal activity, exemplified by the presence of laumontite. In addition, bivariate chemical diagrams suggest slight weathering compared to the South Shetland Islands, which may have been responsible for the formation of brucite and saponite. The results suggest that although there are secondary mineral products, some grade of weathering could have acted in the till during sedimentary cycles or the till was strongly influenced by components of local weathered basalts. Titulo:PROVENIÊNCIA E ALTERAÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS GLACIAIS NA ILHA KING GEORGE, ANTÁRTICAResumoEste trabalho baseia-se em dados mineralógicos e geoquímicos de sedimentos glaciais de Low Head, Ilha King George, Antártica, tendo em vista analisar aspetos relacionados com a sua proveniência e alteração. Recorreu-se a métodos petrográficos e de difração de raios X para efetuar a análise mineralógica dos sedimentos. A geoquímica foi realizada por fluorescência de raios-x. A comparação das concentrações de elementos maiores nos sedimentos com possíveis áreas de fonte, sugerem que estes estão mais próximos das rochas-mãe da Ilha King George e não recebem contribuição das rochas da Península Antártica. A mineralogia das frações cascalho e areia mostraram que o tilito é composto de fragmentos rochosos basálticos e andesíticos, plagioclásio, piroxênio e anfibólio, típicos do arco vulcânico imaturo ativo. A fração fina revelou características químicas consistentes com uma rocha fonte de tilito cálcio-alcalina a toleítica e metaluminosa e a presença de fases minerais secundárias, como laumontita, brucita e saponita. Os valores dos índices de alteração, como o índice químico de alteração (CIA) e a razão SiO2/Al2O3, nas rochas e sedimentos regionais, refletem um notável grau de alteração, possivelmente devido à atividade hidrotermal, como sugere a presença da laumontita. Por outro lado, os diagramas químicos bivariados sugerem um leve intemperismo em comparação com as Ilhas Shetland do Sul, que podem ter sido responsáveis pela formação de brucita e saponita. Os resultados sugerem que, embora existam produtos minerais secundários, algum grau de intemperismo poderia ter atuado no tilito durante os ciclos sedimentares ou este foi fortemente influenciado por basaltos locais alterados.Palavras-chave: Proveniência de sedimentos. Alteração. Sedimentos glaciogênicos. Mineralogia. Geoquímica
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Kim, Ok-Sun, Namyi Chae, Hyun Soo Lim, Ahnna Cho, Jeong Hoon Kim, Soon Gyu Hong, and Jeongsu Oh. "Bacterial diversity in ornithogenic soils compared to mineral soils on King George Island, Antarctica." Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 6 (December 2012): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2655-7.
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Gałgowska, Michalina, and Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko. "Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 3588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163588.
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The region of Warmia and Mazury is characterized by the special diversity and richness of its natural environment, including large forest complexes, where wild mushrooms are commonly collected and consumed. This study aimed to examine the differences in mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese) of three species of mushrooms collected in north-eastern Poland. The research material consisted of dried samples of king bolete (Boletus edulis), bay bolete (Boletus badius), and chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) collected in the region of Warmia and Mazury. The content of the above-mentioned elements in mushroom fruit bodies was determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (acetylene-air flame) and the emission technique (acetylene-air flame) for sodium and potassium. For the majority of micro- and macroelements, the studies confirmed the presence of significant differences in their content, depending on the species of fungi. The studied mushrooms cover a significant percentage of daily demand for many of the minerals. This concerns mainly copper, zinc, and potassium, although none of the species was a good source of calcium and sodium. Among the analyzed mushrooms, chanterelle is the best source of most minerals.
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Spencer, Steven, and David Sutherland. "STEREOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF MINERAL LIBERATION GRADE DISTRIBUTIONS ESTIMATED BY SINGLE SECTIONING OF PARTICLES." Image Analysis & Stereology 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p175-182.
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The liberation distribution of ore samples is of considerable interest for process optimisation in the minerals industry. A scanning electron microscope-based automatic mineral analyser such as the LEO QEMSCAN system developed by CSIRO Minerals is a powerful tool for the estimation of linear or areal grade distributions of a population of ore particles based upon polished single particle sections. Stereological correction of a single section mineralogical grade distribution is recognised as an ill-posed inverse problem. The transformation kernel method with constrained entropy regularisation (King and Schneider, 1998) is adopted for the correction of stereological error in binary systems. An enhanced transformation kernel correction scheme is developed with an additional equality constraint for average grade as determined by section and volumetric sampling, in accordance with Delesse's fundamental stereological theorem. The usefulness of both correction methods is limited by the availability of kernels that appropriately model the relationship between volumetric and section grade distributions for the mineralogical sample of interest. The transformation kernel stereological correction methods are implemented in software available for use as part of the LEO QEMSCAN system. Both correction procedures are applied to areal section grade distributions of feed and concentrate from a mineral processing plant. The corrected grade distributions are in some instances found to be sensitive to the application of the average grade constraint. The statistical significance of differences in the corrected solutions is discussed.
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So, Chil-Sup, Seong-Taek Yun, and Maeng-Eon Park. "Geochemistry of a fossil hydrothermal system at Barton Peninsula, King George Island." Antarctic Science 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102095000101.
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A fossil hydrothermal system on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, formed a series of lead-zinc- and pyrite + native sulphur-bearing epithermal quartz ± calcite veins, filling fault-related fractures in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks of Eocene age. The lead-zinc veins occur within argillic hydrothermal alteration zones, whereas the pyrite + native sulphur veins are found within advanced argillic alteration zones. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the vein formation occurred at temperatures between about 125° and 370°C (sphalerite deposition formed at 123–211°C) from fluids with salinities of 0.5–4.6 wt.% eq. NaCl. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation of mineral assemblages indicates that the deposition of native sulphur in the upper and central portions of the hydrothermal system was a result of the mixing of condensates of ascending magmatic gases and meteoric water giving rise to fluids which had lower pH (<3.5) and higher fugacities of oxygen and sulphur than the lead-zinc-depositing fluids at depth. The δ34S values of sulphide minerals from the lead-zinc veins (δ34S = −4.6 to 0.7‰) are much higher than the values of pyrite and native sulphur from the pyrite + native sulphur veins (δ34S = −12.9 to −20.1‰). This indicates that the fluids depositing native sulphur had higher sulphate/H2S ratios under higher fo2 conditions. Sulphur isotope compositions indicate an igneous source of sulphur with a δ34SΣS value near 0‰, probably the Noel Hill Granodiorite. Measured and calculated δ18O and δD values of the epithermal fluids (δ18Owater = −6.0 to 2.7‰, δDwater = −87 to −75‰) indicate that local meteoric water played an important role for formation of lead-zinc and native sulphur-bearing quartz veins.
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Sardar, Hasan, Muhammad Asif Ali, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Fahim Nawaz, Sajjad Hussain, Safina Naz, and Sohail Mahmood Karimi. "Agro-industrial residues influence mineral elements accumulation and nutritional composition of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)." Scientia Horticulturae 225 (November 2017): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.07.010.
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Ahmed, Mostak, Noorlidah Abdullah, Kamal Uddin Ahmed, and M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan. "Yield and nutritional composition of oyster mushroom strains newly introduced in Bangladesh." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013000200010.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate yield and chemical composition of oyster mushroom strains newly introduced in Bangladesh. Strains of Pleurotus high‑king (strain PHK), P. ostreatus (strain PO2), and P. geesteranus (strains PG1 and PG3) were evaluated as to yield components and proximate composition. Pleurotus ostreatus was used as control. Pleurotus high‑king showed fastest growth of primordia, but moderate flush of effective fruiting bodies. Pleurotus geesteranus (PG1) showed higher economic yield and biological performance, and better chemical composition, especially in terms of protein and mineral contents. Pleurotus geesteranus (PG1) shows better performance than P. ostreatus (PO2), the most commercially cultivated edible species in Bangladesh, and, therefore, it should be recommended for commercial cultivation.
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El-Kramany, M. F., A. A. Bahr, and A. M. Gomaa. "RESPONSE OF A LOCAL AND SOME EXOTIC MUNGBEAN VARIETIES TO BIO- AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.3.6.
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A pot trial was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre during the summer season of 1999 to investigate the combined impact of Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) and Azotobacter vinelandii in the presence of various doses of chemical fertilizers, i.e. 25%, 50% and 100% of the recommended dose of NPK, on nodulation, growth parameters, seed yield and its components, and seed contents of protein, phosphorus and potassium of a local (Kawmy-1) and three exotic (VC-4, VC-9 and King) varieties of mungbean. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the different varieties for nodule number per plant, while significant variations were obtained between both varieties and biofertilization treatments. The plants of the Kawmy-1 variety gave the shortest period of growth, the highest number of pods per plant and the highest values of harvest index and seed protein content. The King variety had the longest period of growth and the highest values for number of branches, seed yield, biological yield, seed index and seed phosphorus content. The inclusion of Azotobacter vinelandii significantly augmented various tested parameters, with the exception of seed yield, biological yield and potassium content, in comparison with Bradyrhizobium. Insignificant differences were found owing to the interaction between varieties, various levels of mineral fertilizers and types of biofertilizers with the exception of harvest index and seed phosphorus content.
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El-Boray, M., M. Mostafa, and Doaa Hamza. "EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID, BIO-FERTILIZERS AND MICRO-ELEMENTS ON LEAF MINERAL CONTENTS OF KING RUBY GRAPEVINES." Journal of Plant Production 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2013.73289.
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Klemetti, Erik W., Jade Star Lackey, and Jesslyn Starnes. "Magmatic lulls in the Sierra Nevada captured in zircon from rhyolite of the Mineral King pendant, California." Geosphere 10, no. 1 (February 2014): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges00920.1.
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Jiahong, Wen, Kang Jiancheng, Han Jiankang, Xie Zichu, Liu Leibao, and Wang Dali. "Glaciological studies on the King George Island ice cap, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-105-109.
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The King George Island ice cap, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, was studied between 1985 and 1992. At the steady-state equilibrium-line altitude of the ice cap, the mean annual temperature is -3.6°C, the mean summer (December-February) temperature is 0°C and annual precipitation is 800 mm w.e. Precipitation increases rapidly with elevation, and annual accumulation rate at the Main Dome summit reaches 2480 mm a−1. Between 1985 and 1991 the equilibrium-line elevation averaged 140-150 m a.s.l. The ice cap has been in an overall stable state for the past 20 years, going from a weak negative to a small positive mass imbalance as increased precipitation outweighs the effects of rising temperatures. Temperatures at the bottom of the active layer over most of the accumulation area are close to 0°C, with colder temperatures down to -1.9°C in the ablation zone. Soluble impurities in the ice cap are mainly from marine sources, while undissolved mineral material amounts to only 15-54% of the total microparticle content.
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Busby-Spera, Cathy J. "Depositional features of rhyolitic and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks of the Mineral King submarine caldera complex, Sierra Nevada, California." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 27, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(86)90080-6.
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Mikuła, Anna, Maria Wesołowska, Józef Kapusta, Lutosława Skrzypczak, and Jan J. Rybczyński. "Cytomorphological studies on somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana tibetica (King) and G. cruciata (L.)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 65, no. 1-2 (2014): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1996.008.
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The process of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of two gentianas, <em>Gentiana tibetica</em> and <em>G. cruciata</em> was described. For this purpose seedling explants were cultured on agar medium and later maintained in cell suspension. For callus initiation seedling explants like: cotyledons, hypocotyl and root were plated on a callus induction medium (CIM) composed of MS (1962), supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l Kin. For the formation of cell suspension culture, embryogenic callus was transferred into liquid maintained medium (MM) composed of MS (1962), supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Dic + 0.1 mg/l NAA + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 80.0 mg/l SA. The conversion of somatic embryo into plantlets required a new medium (ECM) based on MS (1962) mineral salts, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l GA<sub>3</sub> + 1.0 mg/l Kin + 0.5 mg/l NAA. For cytomorphological studies of particular stages of embryogenesis, specimens were stained with dyes and reagents: 1. PAS reaction with leukofucsin, 2. Safranin + fast green, 3. Erlich's hematoxylin.
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Hawthorne, F. C., M. A. Cooper, J. D. Grice, A. C. Roberts, and N. Hubbard. "Description and crystal structure of bobkingite, a new mineral from New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stanton-under-Bardon, Leicestershire, UK." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026620030.
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AbstractBobkingite, ideally is a new mineral from the New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stantonunder-Bardon, Leicestershire, England. It occurs as very thin (⩽5 µm) transparent plates up to 0.2 mm across, perched on a compact fibrous crust of malachite and crystalline azurite attached to massive cuprite. Crystals are tabular on {001} with dominant {001} and minor {100} and {110}. Bobkingite is a soft pale blue colour with a pale-blue streak, vitreous lustre and no observable fluorescence under ultraviolet light. It has perfect {001} and fair {100} cleavages, no observable parting, conchoidal fracture, and is brittle. Its Mohs' hardness is 3 and the calculated density is 3.254 g/cm3. Bobkingite is biaxial negative with α = 1.724(2), β = 1.745(2), γ = 1.750(2), 2Vγmeas = 33(6)°, 2Vcalc = 52°, pleochroism distinct, X = very pale blue, Z = pale greenish blue, X^a = 22° (in β obtuse), Y = c, Z = b. Bobkingite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, unit-cell parameters (refined from powder data): a = 10.301(8), b = 6.758(3), c = 8.835(7)Å, β = 111.53(6)°, V = 572.1(7)Å3, Z = 2. The seven strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern are [d (Å), I, (hkl)]: 8.199, 100, (001); 5.502, 100, (110); 5.029, 40, (2̄01); 2.883, 80, (310); 2.693, 40, (1̄13); 2.263, 40, (113), (4̄03); 2.188, 50, (2̄23). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe and crystal-structure solution and refinement gave CuO 70.46, Cl 12.71, H2O 19.19, O≡Cl –2.87, sum 99.49 wt.%, where the amount of H2O was determined by crystal-structure analysis. The resulting empirical formula on the basis of 12 anions (including 8 (OH) and 2H2O) is Cu4.99Cl2.02O10H12. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R index of 2.6% for 638 observed reflections measured with X-rays on a single crystal. Three distinct (Cuϕ6) (ϕ = unspecified anion) octahedra share edges to form a framework that is related to the structures of paratacamite and the Cu2(OH)3Cl polymorphs, atacamite and clinoatacamite. The mineral is named for Robert King, formerly of the Department of Geology, Leicester University, prominent mineral collector and founding member of the Russell Society. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.
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WOLICKA, DOROTA, MAREK K. ZDANOWSKI, MAGDALENA J. ŻMUDA-BARANOWSKA, ANNA POSZYTEK, and JAKUB GRZESIAK. "Sulphate Reducing Activity Detected in Soil Samples from Antarctica, Ecology Glacier Forefield, King George Island." Polish Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 4 (2014): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2014-059.
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We determined sulphate-reducing activities in media inoculated with soils and with kettle lake sediments in order to investigate their potential in geomicrobiological processes in low-temperature, terrestrial maritime Antarctic habitats. Soil and sediment samples were collected in a glacier valley abandoned by Ecology Glacier during the last 30 years: from a new formed kettle lake sediment and forefield soil derived from ground moraine. Inoculated with these samples, liquid Postgate C and minimal media supplemented with various carbon sources as electron donors were incubated for 8 weeks at 4°C. High rates of sulphate reduction were observed only in media inoculated with soil. No sulphate reduction was detected in media inoculated with kettle lake sediments. In soil samples culture media calcite and elemental sulphur deposits were observed, demonstrating that sulphate-reducing activity is associated with a potential to mineral formation in cold environments. Cells observed on scanning microscopy (SEM) micrographs of post-culture-soil deposits could be responsible for sulphate-reducing activity.
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Jiankan, Han, Xie Zichu, Dai Fengnian, and Zhang Wanchang. "Volcanic eruptions recorded in an ice core from Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821139.
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AbstractCareful mineral and structural analyses have revealed the characteristics of volcanic ash in the nine horizons of an 80.2 m ice core from Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica.Under the assumption of steady state, the Dansgaard-Johnsen flow model was employed to date the core. The volcanic eruptive sequence established for the South Shetland Islands region since AD 1650 shows seven volcanic eruptive cycles during the past 340 years covered by the ice core. It seems that during the period 1875-1925 there was frequent volcanic activity, with perhaps many eruptions at Deception Island. The years 1650-1800 appear to have been a quiet period, followed by a more turbulent century. The past century is basically a tranquil era except for two turbulent epochs at the beginning of the century and in the 1950s-70s.Many of the volcanic eruptions in the ice-core sequence are found in the previously reported records for this region. The few that are not in the records should be further investigated. The absence of any 1967-70 eruption trace in the core suggests that this period may represent a minimum in volcanic activity.
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Jeong, G. Y., and H. I. Yoon. "The Origin of Clay Minerals in Soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica, and Its Implications for the Clay-Mineral Compositions of Marine Sediments." Journal of Sedimentary Research 71, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/2dc4096c-0e47-11d7-8643000102c1865d.
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Promprated, Prinya, Lawrence A. Taylor, Mahesh Anand, Christine Floss, Nikolai V. Sobolev, and Nikolai P. Pokhilenko. "Multiple-mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Snap Lake/King Lake kimberlite dike, Slave craton, Canada: a trace-element perspective." Lithos 77, no. 1-4 (September 2004): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.009.
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Sofyan, Ahmad, Awistaros Angger Sakti, Hendra Herdian, Gumilang Khairulli, Ade Erma Suryani, Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "In vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of king grass (Pennisetum hybrid) added by organic mineral and natural crude tannin." Journal of Applied Animal Research 45, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1129339.
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Gedeon, Magdolna. "Die Rechtslage des Grundbesitzes im Spiegel der Lehre von der Heiligen Krone." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 15, no. 29 (November 24, 2020): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2020.29.51.
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In relation to the Doctrine of the Holy Crown there are two opposing views. In one of the opinions the state power and the lands belonged to the Holy Crown, and for this reason the decisions about the lands had to be made by the ruler and the orders together. In the other opinion the state power and the lands belonged to the ruler, and for this reason the relation between the king and the person who was donated with a land was a private legal connection. Although the mineral resources originally belonged to the Holy Crown, in the course of time the Habsburg rulers achieved that they could dispose alone, without the consent of the orders, over the mine revenues. In this way, by the 18th century, the relation between the king and the mining contractors became a private legal connection. Comparing the rules of the Bergregal and the rules related to the lands we can conclude that the lands belonged to the Holy Crown, and not to the ruler.
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Zhang, Xingfeng, Xuehong Zhang, Bo Gao, Zhian Li, Hanping Xia, Haifang Li, and Jian Li. "Effect of cadmium on growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition and metal accumulation of an energy crop, king grass (Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum)." Biomass and Bioenergy 67 (August 2014): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.04.030.
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Nędzarek, Arkadiusz. "Sources, diversity and circulation of biogenic compounds in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 20, no. 2 (January 21, 2008): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000909.
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AbstractThis paper presents horizontal and seasonal differences in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface waters of Admiralty Bay. The average annual concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be 1.054 and 0.129 mg dm-3 respectively. Organic nitrogen constituted 59% of total nitrogen on average, while N-NO3- was substantially higher than N-NH4+ (0.362 and 0.062 mgN dm-3, respectively). Organic phosphorus constituted 34% of total phosphorus on average, and the mean annual concentration of reactive phosphorus was 0.085 mgP dm-3. The observed concentrations of N and P were higher in the nearshore area and lower in the central part of the Admiralty Bay basin. In explaining this account was taken of surface runoff into the bay, the decay of marine macroalgae in the tidal area and the excretion of N and P by marine animals. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in freshwater streams varied from 0.528–5.698 mgN dm-3 and from 0.088–1.709 mgP dm-3. In laboratory experiments, 24-hour loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus released from the remains of macroalgae into the waters of the bay were estimated at about 6.2 tN and 10.3 tP, while the approximate quantities excreted by macrozoobenthos were 482 kgN and 48 kgP. The availability of N-NH4+ was seen to be greater in the waters of the bay than has been reported for open water in this part of the ocean and water from the Bransfield Strait had a diluting effect on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The role of the wind in carrying mineral salts from waters of the Bay to the inland environment was also discussed.
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Park, Young, Jae Lee, Jaewoo Jung, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, and Jinwook Kim. "Elemental Compositions of Smectites Reveal Detailed Sediment Provenance Changes during Glacial and Interglacial Periods: The Southern Drake Passage and Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050322.
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Variations in clay mineral assemblages have been widely used to understand changes in sediment provenance during glacial and interglacial periods. Smectite clay minerals, however, have a range of various elemental compositions that possibly originated from multiple different sources. Therefore, it might be crucial to distinguish the various types of smectites by analyzing their elemental composition in order to verify the sediment provenances with certainty. This hypothesis was tested for the clay mineral characteristics in a marine sediment core from the southern Drake Passage (GC05-DP02). Rare earth elements and ε N d data had previously indicated that fine grained detritus was supplied from the Weddell Sea to the core site during interglacial periods, when the sediments contained more Al-rich smectite (montmorillonite). Indeed, marine sediments collected close to the Larsen Ice Shelf on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf, western Weddell Sea embayment, show more Al-rich smectite components as compared with other possible West Antarctic sources, such as the Ross Sea embayment or King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Furthermore, two types of smectite (Al-rich and Al-poor) were identified in core GC360 from the Bellingshausen Sea shelf, suggesting that during glacial periods some sediment is derived from subglacial erosion of underlying pre-Oligocene sedimentary strata containing predominantly Al-rich montmorillonite. This finding reveals different sources for smectites in sediments deposited at site GC360 during the last glacial period and during the present interglacial that show only minor differences in smectite contents. For the interglacial period, two groups of smectite with a wide range of Al-rich and Mg–Fe-rich were identified, which indicate delivery from two different sources: (1) the detritus with high contents of Mg–Fe-rich smectite supplied from Beethoven Peninsula, southwestern Alexander island and (2) the detritus with higher contents of Al-rich smectite (montmorillonite) possibly derived from the subglacial reworking of pre-Oligocene sedimentary strata. These results demonstrate that the elemental compositions of smectites can be used to differentiate the sources of smectites in marine sediments, which is an important tool to define sediment provenance in detail, when down-core changes observed in clay mineral assemblages are interpreted.
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Adams, Sean Patrick. "Promotion, Competition, Captivity: The Political Economy of Coal." Journal of Policy History 18, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2005.0026.
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“Coal is, perhaps, the most indispensable article used by man. Without it, in time, we should return to a state of barbarism.” So proclaimed the president of Pennsylvania's Pequa Railroad and Improvement Company in 1849. The importance of coal, the official explained, lay in its utility as an energy source, for which he hailed it as unsurpassed: coal was “‘hoarded labor’”—a “treasure reserved by nature to promote and perfect our civilization.” The railroad official's florid tribute to the mineral fuel was hardly disinterested: the Pequa Railroad had ambitious plans to ship a great deal of coal. Yet it effectively underscored the enormous role of coal in nineteenth-century America. It was an age in which, as countless industry boosters proclaimed, coal was king.
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Smolin, Nikolai Vasilyevich, Natalya Vasilievna Potapova, Viktor Vladimirovich Volgin, Alexandra Aleksandrovna Zasimova, and Alexander Valentinovich Kuznetsov. "Effect of growth regulators and mineral fertilizers on seed productivity and decorative qual-ities of zinnia." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i1pp38-42.
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Growth regulators had a significant effect on seed productivity of zinnia elegans, among which the most effective was epin-extra. With a two-fold treatment of zinnia plants with epibrassinolide, the increase in the collection of seeds compared to the control was 36%. The preparation from the group of hydroxycinnamic acids zircon was less productive. The increase in the collection of zinnia seeds from double spraying with zircon was 15%. The application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N24P24K24, on average, over three years provided an additional collection of zinnia seeds by 20–35%. Analysis of variance of the data on the seed productivity of zinnia showed that a significant interaction was noted between the factors of the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators, i.e. the influence of one factor intensified the effect of the other. Among the varieties of zinnia, the graceful variety Mechta turned out to be more resistant to unfavorable weather conditions and, in comparison with the Orange King variety, tolerated recurrent cold and droughts more easily during the growing season. In addition, the Mechta cultivar turned out to be more even in height and in the formation of lateral flowering shoots, which is important when used in ornamental flower compositions.
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SCALVA, GIUSE. "UN MEDICO ALLA CORTE DI CARLO EMANUELE III: VITALIANO DONATI E IL SUO VIAGGIO IN LEVANTE (1759-1762)1." Nuncius 15, no. 1 (2000): 365–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539100x00524.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Vitaliano Donati, physician and naturalist, born in Padua in 1717, around the mid-eighteenth century played a significant role among the leading Italian philosophers, performing in Italy and in the Balkans some important naturalistic research that set the basis for the geographical map, the new theory of Carl Linn. In 1751, King Charles Emmanuel of Savoy called him to the chair of Botany in Turin University. During the permanence of Vitaliano Donati in the Kingdom of Sardinia he continued his important activities in botany, mineralogy and geology and made relevant observations about climate, earthquakes, and mining-sites in Piedmont always having the aim of increasing the knowledge of local resources and their potential for exploitation. In 1759 the king entrusted Vitaliano Donati with the direction of a scientific and commercial mission in Egypt and in the East Indies. This voyage had a double purpose: to collect samples for a Museum and for the Botany Garden, and to observe in those countries the processes of mineral extraction, of agricultural cultivation and of livestock breeding. The travel started in Venice in June 1759, and among critical events and diplomatic plots, continued to the Middle East and Egypt, from where it continued until wriving at the Indian Ocean. But this adventure ended in February 1762 when Donati died on a Turkish boat not far away the Indian coast near Mangalore. This article, which trace the complete transcription of the correspondence concerning the voyage, also reports the text of the "instructive memory", issued by the king to Vitaliano Donati, and summarises the scientific and political scopes of this unfortunate enterprise.
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Abakumov, E., and N. Mukhametova. "Microbial biomass and basal respiration in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 1 (March 18, 2014): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-869-2014.
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Abstract. Antarctica is the unique place for pedological investigations. Soils of Antarctica have been studied intensively during the last century. Antarctic logistic provides the possibility to scientists access the terrestrial landscapes mainly in the places of polar stations. That is why the main and most detailed pedological investigations were conducted in Mc Murdo Valleys, Transantarctic Mountains, South Shetland Islands, Larsemann hills and Schirmacher Oasis. Investigations were conducted during the 53rd and 55th Russian Antarctic expeditions on the base of soil pits and samples collected in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. Soils of diverse Antarctic landscapes were studied with aim to assess the microbial biomass level, basal respiration rates and metabolic activity of microbial communities. The investigation conducted shows that soils of Antarctic are quite different in profile organization and carbon content. In general, Sub-Antarctic soils are characterized by more developed humus (sod) organo-mineral horizons as well as the upper organic layer. The most developed organic layers were revealed in peat soils of King-George Island, where its thickness reach even 80 cm. These soils as well as soils under guano are characterized by the highest amount of total organic carbon (TOC) 7.22–33.70%. Coastal and continental soils of Antarctic are presented by less developed Leptosols, Gleysols, Regolith and rare Ornhitosol with TOC levels about 0.37–4.67%. The metabolic ratios and basal respiration were higher in Sub-Antarctic soils than in Antarctic ones which can be interpreted as result of higher amounts of fresh organic remnants in organic and organo-mineral horizons. Also the soils of King-George island have higher portion of microbial biomass (max 1.54 mg g−1) than coastal (max 0.26 mg g−1) and continental (max 0.22 mg g−1) Antarctic soils. Sub-Antarctic soils mainly differ from Antarctic ones in increased organic layers thickness and total organic carbon content, higher microbial biomass carbon content, basal respiration and metabolic activity levels.
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Taha, El-Kazafy Abdou. "Chemical Composition and Amounts of Mineral Elements in Honeybee-Collected Pollen in Relation to Botanical Origin." Journal of Apicultural Science 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2015-0008.
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Abstract This study was conducted at the apiary of the Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The purpose was to study the relationship between the botanical origin and chemical composition of bee-collected pollen. The amount of mineral elements present in bee-collected pollen was also studied. The composition of pollen loads showed the maximum contents of dry matter, ash, glucose, fructose, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn) for the date palm; the maximum contents of protein, calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) for alfalfa; the maximum contents of fiber, and copper (Cu) for the sunflower; the maximum contents of the lipids and iron (Fe) for summer squash; and the maximum contents of sodium (Na), and potassium (K) for rape. Calcium was found to be correlated in a significantly (p<0.01) positive way with K, Na, Mg, P, Mn, and Zn. Copper, though, was correlated in a significantly (p<0.01) negative way with Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Zn. The high levels of protein, ash, glucose, and fructose, and low lipid content found in bee-pollen from the date palm and from alfalfa, mean that pollen from the date palm and from alfalfa make an excellent food supplement. It was concluded, that the chemical composition of beecollected pollen can be correlated with the plant species from which pollen was collected.
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Abakumov, E., and N. Mukhametova. "Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations." Solid Earth 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-705-2014.
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Abstract. Antarctica is a unique place for soil, biological, and ecological investigations. Soils of Antarctica have been studied intensively during the last century, when different national Antarctic expeditions visited the sixth continent with the aim of investigating nature and the environment. Antarctic investigations are comprised of field surveys mainly in the terrestrial landscapes, where the polar stations of different countries are situated. That is why the main and most detailed soil surveys were conducted in the McMurdo Valleys, Transantarctic Mountains, South Shetland Islands, Larsemann Hills and the Schirmacher Oasis. Our investigations were conducted during the 53rd and 55th Russian Antarctic expeditions in the base of soil pits, and samples were collected in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. Sub-Antarctic or maritime landscapes are considered to be very different from Antarctic landscapes due to differing climatic and geogenic conditions. Soils of diverse zonal landscapes were studied with the aim of assessing the microbial biomass level, basal respiration rates and metabolic activity of microbial communities. This investigation shows that Antarctic soils are quite diverse in profile organization and carbon content. In general, Sub-Antarctic soils are characterized by more developed humus (sod) organo-mineral horizons as well as by an upper organic layer. The most developed organic layers were revealed in peat soils of King George Island, where its thickness reach, in some cases, was 80 cm. These soils as well as soils formed under guano are characterized by the highest amount of total organic carbon (TOC), between 7.22 and 33.70%. Coastal and continental Antarctic soils exhibit less developed Leptosols, Gleysols, Regolith and rare Ornhitosol, with TOC levels between 0.37 and 4.67%. The metabolic ratios and basal respiration were higher in Sub-Antarctic soils than in Antarctic ones, which can be interpreted as a result of higher amounts of fresh organic remnants in organic and organo-mineral horizons. The soils of King George Island also have higher portions of microbial biomass (max 1.54 mg g−1) compared to coastal (max 0.26 mg g−1) and continental (max 0.22 mg g−1) Antarctic soils. Sub-Antarctic soils differ from Antarctic ones mainly by having increased organic layer thickness and total organic carbon content, higher microbial biomass carbon content, basal respiration, and metabolic activity levels.
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Fischer, Bill T., and Jean S. Cline. "ORE CLASSIFICATION OF PSEUDOBRECCIA ORE IN THE 144 ZONE GOLD DEPOSIT: A CHEMICAL REPLACEMENT MODEL, BARE MOUNTAIN RANGE, NEVADA." Economic Geology 115, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 1137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4728.
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Abstract The 144 zone is a pseudobreccia-hosted, disseminated gold deposit that formed in the middle to late Cambrian Bonanza King dolostone along an unconformity with the underlying early to middle Cambrian Carrara limestone at Bare Mountain, southern Nevada. Underground mapping revealed spatial relationships between breccia types, host rocks, and alteration assemblages that are related to gold mineralization. Samples were collected along transects from low- to high-grade Au and were analyzed using petrography, applied reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis to characterize mineral assemblages and evaluate gold deportment. Two breccia types are identified. Breccia type 1 clasts consist of dolomite, dolomite with phengite, and quartz cemented in a quartz-rich matrix. Breccia type 2 has similar clasts of dolomite, dolomite with phengite, and quartz, but the matrix is phengite dominant. Neither breccia type has a preferred association with gold, which occurs with goethite that replaced pyrite in both breccias. Clast and matrix compositions and textures show that the two breccia types formed at the same time by selective dissolution and replacement of the lowermost Bonanza King dolomite. Fluid-rock reaction transformed massive dolomite into pseudobreccia. Quartz replacement of dolomite plus the precipitation of pyrite, Au, and phengite yielded the 144 zone pseudobreccia matrix. The geology that characterizes gold mineralization in the 144 zone can be applied to exploration throughout Bare Mountain. Other localities where the same stratigraphic contact is cut by silicic dikes of similar age provide drill targets in the mining district.
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Kölbl-Ebert, Martina. "How to Find Water: The State of the Art in the Early Seventeenth Century, Deduced From Writings of Martine de Bertereau (1632 and 1640)." Earth Sciences History 28, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.28.2.3675823j24h9uv9r.
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When Martine de Bertereau (who died around 1643) married the alchemist and mining engineer Jean du Chastelet, Baron de Beausoleil, she had long been occupied with the art of mining "that was hereditary in her house". She wrote two pamphlets on mining addressed to the French king and the Cardinal Duke of Richelieu. In her short publications de Bertereau not only treated mining and mineral deposits in France, she also gave a short introduction to the art of finding water and of assessing its quantity and quality. While divining-rods featured widely, she also gave useful practical advice describing some sensible experiments, which she derived from Vitruvius's book on architecture. Her writings thus allow a unique glimpse into craft-skills, which centuries later developed into what came to be called hydrogeology, but which in the seventeenth century were essentially the same as in Roman times, albeit ‘corrupted’ by esoteric practices.
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Kim, Kyung-Sik, and Ju-A. Kim. "A Case Study on Development of Thematic Performance for Establishing the Identity of Local Festival -With Emphasis on King Sejong And Chojung Mineral Spring Festival." Joural of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 8 (February 28, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2014.02.8.0.15.
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Baloro, John. "The Development of Swaziland's Constitution: Monarchical Responses to Modern Challenges." Journal of African Law 38, no. 1 (1994): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011438.
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At independence in 1968, the monarchy in Swaziland did not suffer the fate of traditional rulers in most of independent Africa whose powers were severely curtailed and subordinated to those of the nationalist leaders. In Swaziland, the King's pre-eminence as the head of the ruling Dlamini clan was constitutionally enshrined within the overall set-up of a constitutional monarchy. The monarchy's control over the strategic resources of the country such as land and mineral resources was also entrenched in the Constitution. Furthermore, the domination of the political scene by the royalist party, the Imbokodvo National Movement, consolidated the King's political powers far beyond what was possibly intended under the dispensation of a constitutional monarchy. As soon as the opposition gained three seats in Parliament, this was seen as a challenge to the power, prestige and authority of the King. It then became easy for the 1968 Independence Constitution to be targeted as a colonial imposition lacking authority as a source of legitimate governance in the country.
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ASHRAF, MUHAMMAD, Zamir Ahmad, MUHAMMAD NASARULLAH KHAN, Tariq Ferroz Khawaja, MUHAMMAD AYUB KHAN, and Abdul Salam. "SMALL BABIES." Professional Medical Journal 12, no. 03 (September 8, 2005): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.03.5133.
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Zinc is an essential trace mineral. It is considered a growth factor as it isthe metallic component of enzymes DNA polymerase, DNA dependent RNA polymerase and thymidine kinase.Objective: To find out the relationship of maternal serum zinc levels with birth weight of the babies. Period: January1989 to May, 1991. Setting: Lady Wellingdon Hospital Lahore, King Edward College, Lahore and MetallurgyDepartment PCSIR Laboratories, Lahore. Design: Prospective study Patients & methods: Among the 216 registeredpregnant women 46 subjects had no feto-maternal complications during pregnancy and they delivered babies havingbirth weight adequate for Gestational Age (AGA). Thirteen women gave birth to babies Small for Gestational Age(SGA). Blood samples were taken at the end of each trimester and serum zinc was measured by atomic absorptionspectrophotometer. Results: Serum zinc levels were significantly low (P<0.001) throughout pregnancy in women givingbirth to SGA babies. Conclusion: Serum zinc levels throughout the course of pregnancy are associated with intrauterinegrowth of the babies.b
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Gea, F. J., M. J. Navarro, and L. M. Suz. "First Report of Cladobotryum mycophilum Causing Cobweb on Cultivated King Oyster Mushroom in Spain." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0255.
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In 2010, symptoms of cobweb were observed on cultivated king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) affecting 16% of the blocks of substrate cultivated. Cobweb appeared at the end of the crop cycle, first as small, white patches on the casing soil, subsequently spreading to the nearest king oyster mushroom by means of a fine gray-white mycelium, and eventually sporulating to produce masses of dry spores. The mycelium can quickly cover pinheads, stalks, pileus, and gills, eventually resulting in decomposition of the entire fruit body. Infected tissues of P. eryngii were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the parasitic fungus was isolated. Fungal colonies consisted of abundant and cottony aerial mycelium spreading rapidly on PDA and red pigment spreading in the agar. Conidiogenous cells were 24 to 35 μm long, 3.5 to 5 μm wide basally, and tapered slightly to the tip. Conidia were cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoidal, 17 to 25 (-28) × 8 to 10 μm, and zero to three septate. Total DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified for one isolate using ITS1F/ITS4 primers (1,3). The amplicon was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JF505112). BLAST analysis showed 100% similarity of the obtained ITS sequence with two sequences of Cladobotryum mycophilum (teleomorph Hypomyces odoratus) (GenBank Accession Nos. Y17096 and Y17095) (2). Pathogenicity tests were performed using 24 blocks containing sterilized, spawned, and incubated P. eryngii substrate (3.6 kg, 352 cm2 in area). The blocks were placed in a mushroom-growing room and cased with a 40-mm layer of a casing soil (0.7 liter block–1) made with mineral soil + Sphagnum peat 4:1 (vol/vol). Five days after casing, a conidial suspension (7 × 103 conidia ml–1) of one isolate of C. mycophilum was sprayed (5 ml per block) onto the surface of the casing layer at a rate of 106 conidia m–2. Twenty-two blocks were sprayed with sterile distilled water as a control. A temperature of 17 to 18°C and 85 to 90% relative humidity were maintained throughout cropping. The first cobweb symptoms developed 23 days after inoculation and C. mycophilum was consistently reisolated from nine (37.5%) of the inoculated blocks. Noninoculated blocks remained healthy. In a second test, conidial suspensions (3.4 × 105 conidia ml–1) of one isolate of C. mycophilum were inoculated onto 20 P. eryngii fruit bodies. Ten fruit bodies were inoculated externally while the other 10 fruit bodies were cut in half and inoculated internally with 50 μl of conidial suspension per fruit body. Sterilized distilled water was used as a control. All fruit bodies were then incubated at 22°C in a moist chamber. Assays were conducted twice and the results were recorded after 7 days. C. mycophilum grew on 85% of the internally inoculated fruit bodies and on 40% of those inoculated superficially, while the control mushrooms remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. mycophilum causing cobweb in king oyster mushroom in Spain. This finding will have a potentially significant impact on button mushroom farms where cobweb is one of the most common diseases. References: (1) M. Gardes and T. D. Bruns. Mol. Ecol. 2:113, 1993. (2) G. J. McKay et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:606, 1999. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Hatert, Frédéric, Stuart J. Mills, Frank C. Hawthorne, and Mike S. Rumsey. "A comment on “An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering”." American Mineralogist 106, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7590.
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Abstract The classification and nomenclature of mineral species is regulated by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMACNMNC). This mineral species classification is necessary for Earth Sciences, as minerals constitute most planetary and interstellar materials. Hazen (2019) has proposed a classification of minerals and other Earth and planetary materials according to “natural clustering.” Although this classification is complementary to the IMA-CNMNC mineral classification and is described as such, there are some unjustified criticisms and factual errors in the comparison of the two schemes. It is the intent of the present comment to (1) clarify the use of classification schemes for Earth and planetary materials, and (2) counter erroneous criticisms or statements about the current IMA-CNMNC system of approving proposals for new mineral species and classifications.
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Vanitha, S. "CONSUMER’S AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PACKAGED DRINKING WATER IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1(SE) (January 31, 2017): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i1(se).2017.1921.
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Today, one million people are drinking unhealthy water in the world. Each year 5 million people worldwide die due to the diseases caused by unhealthy drinking water. Unhealthy water creates a great risk, especially for children because of their undeveloped immune system (G8 Action Plan Decisions, 2003)1. Indeed, the World Health Organization estimates that 4.1 million children die from diarrhea, which can be inhibited by healthy water (WHO, 2010)2.
In developed countries, it is observed that water is not only a basic consumption food, but also a lifestyle product. As mentioned in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, packaged water consumption reflects the choices related to the lifestyle as well as being a basic need at the bottom of the pyramid (Sipos, et al., 2007)3. Water is increasingly becoming an important economic resource, and its public distribution is being privatized in many countries (e.g., France, England, Brazil, Australia, Bolivia and, recently proposed in Italy), opening new market opportunities for private investors. The consumption of bottled mineral water is significantly increasing worldwide and has become an important factor both for economic and health issues (King, 2008)4. Natural mineral water means microbiologically wholesome water, originating in an underground water table or deposit and emerging from a spring tapped at one or more natural or bore exits. This type of water cannot be sterilized, pasteurized or otherwise treated to remove or destroy microorganisms (European Commission, 2009)5. Hence, the researcher has made an attempt to find out the existing awareness and attitudes of consumers towards using packaged drinking water in Thoothukudi District.
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Abdi, Saba, Ihtisham Bukhari, Mohammed G. A. Ansari, Rawan A. BinBaz, Abdul Khader Mohammed, Syed Danish Hussain, Naji Aljohani, and Nasser M. Al-Daghri. "Association of Polymorphisms in RANK and RANKL Genes with Osteopenia in Arab Postmenopausal Women." Disease Markers 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1285216.
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The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway regulates bone remodelling and turnover. However, the genetic background of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopenia in Saudi postmenopausal women is yet to be studied. We studied the genetic polymorphism of RANKL/RANK/OPG with BMD and other associated factors in Saudi postmenopausal osteopenic women. A total of 439 (223 osteopenia and 216 control) postmenopausal women were recruited from the orthopaedic department of the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Genetic variants of RANK (rs1805034 and rs35211496), RANKL (rs2277438 and rs9533156), and OPG (rs2073618 and rs3102735) were genotyped using RT-PCR. Anthropometrics, bone mineral density, and other bone markers were measured. The levels of bone turnover markers, PTH, and RANKL were found to be significantly different between control and the osteopenia group. The odds ratio of 2.37 (1.00–5.69) for RANK SNP (rs1805034) indicates that subjects with CC genotype are more vulnerable to developing osteopenia as compared to subjects with TT genotype. Similarly, for RANKL SNP (rs2277438), the significant odds ratio of 20.56 (9.82–43.06) indicates that the subjects with GG genotype are at significantly higher risk of having osteopenia compared with the AA genotype subjects. In addition, G allele in rs2277438 also found to be a risk factor for osteopenia 4.54 (3.18–6.49) compared with A allele. However, none of the OPG genotypes shows association with osteopenia. The association of RANK polymorphisms with osteopenia shows its clinical importance in the diagnosis and prognosis of the bone diseases; here, we suggest that the subjects with RANK and RANKL polymorphisms may develop osteoporosis.
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Zhuang, Minghao, Yingchun Li, Ziwu Guo, Yueqiao Li, Wenting Pan, and Shuanglin Chen. "Elevated CO2 and O3 Levels Influence the Uptake and Leaf Concentration of Mineral N, P, K in Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. and Oligostachyum lubricum (wen) King f." Forests 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9040195.
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Khan, Asim Ali, Fouzia Bashir, Jamal Akhtar, Nighat Anjum, Shah Alam, and Sofia Naushin. "Majoon Suranjan: A Potent Unani formulation for Arthritis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2149.
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Unani System of medicine is one among the oldest systems that prevails till date with its efficient drugs derived from animal, plant and mineral resources. Over 2400 years ago the father of medicine, Hippocrates practiced it, however His medicine included a great deal of ancient Egyptian medicine as well as important components of the ancient Mesopotamian traditions. In Unani system of medicine, arthritis is described under a broad term Waja-ul-Mafasil which encompasses entire joint disorders like inflammatory, non-inflammatory, infectious, metabolic and other musculoskeletal disorders. A large number of drugs, single and compound formulations, have been mentioned in the context of the treatment of Waja-ul-Mafasil. Among them, Majoon Suranjan is one of the most reputed poly pharmaceutical preparations of Unani system of Medicine used in Waja-ul-Mafasil. It is attributed to Indrumakhas of Greece (Andromachos, the elder, court physician to King Nero) who formulated it in consultation with several other philosophers of his time. This Unani compound formulation contains twenty ingredients, which is used as digestive, purgative, anti inflammatory, stomachic, deobstruent, antiarthritic, nervine tonic. It is also indicated for use in phlegmatic diseases.
Keywords: Majoon Suranjan, Ingredients, Arthritis, Unani Medicine.
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Tsipouridis, C. G., A. Isaakidis, A. Manganaris, I. Therios, and Z. Michailidis. "Propagation and field performance of own-rooted peach trees." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 12 (2004): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02062.
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Ten peach and nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsh) cultivars: Arm King, Early Crest, Early Gem, Flavor Crest, May Crest, May Grand, Red Gold, Red Haven, Spring Crest and Sun Crest, were propagated by both hardwood cuttings (HC) and by bud grafting onto peach seedlings. Significant differences were observed for rooting among cultivars and applied IBA. Degree of blooming and yield were higher for HC propagated own-rooted trees when compared with budded trees in the first 6 years of fruiting. Budded trees increased in size faster than HC trees but were less productive. Yield, yield efficiency and fruit size were not only cultivar specific, but were also affected by the propagation method, being higher for own-rooted trees in most cultivars. Tree mortality was generally higher for budded trees. No significant differences were found in mineral absorption efficiency, time of blooming, fruit firmness, acidity and sugar level between own-rooted and budded trees. Results based on percent rooting of HC, yield, fruit size, growth and tree mortality suggest that own-rooted HC trees should be an acceptable tree type for commercial orchards, especially for the cultivars Sun Crest, Spring Crest and Red Haven.
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Engelbrecht, Johann P., Georgiy Stenchikov, P. Jish Prakash, Traci Lersch, Anatolii Anisimov, and Illia Shevchenko. "Physical and chemical properties of deposited airborne particulates over the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (September 27, 2017): 11467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11467-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Mineral dust is the most abundant aerosol, having a profound impact on the global energy budget. This research continues our previous studies performed on surface soils in the Arabian Peninsula, focusing on the mineralogical, physical and chemical composition of dust deposits from the atmosphere at the Arabian Red Sea coast. For this purpose, aerosols deposited from the atmosphere are collected during 2015 at six sites on the campus of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) situated on the Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia and subjected to the same chemical and mineralogical analysis we conducted on soil samples. Frisbee deposition samplers with foam inserts were used to collect dust and other deposits, for the period December 2014 to December 2015. The average deposition rate measured at KAUST for this period was 14 g m−2 per month, with lowest values in winter and increased deposition rates in August to October. The particle size distributions provide assessments of < 10 and < 2.5 µm dust deposition rates, and it is suggested that these represent proxies for PM10 (coarse) and PM2. 5 (fine) particle size fractions in the dust deposits.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of a subset of samples confirms variable amounts of quartz, feldspars, micas, and halite, with lesser amounts of gypsum, calcite, dolomite, hematite, and amphibole. Freeze-dried samples were re-suspended onto the Teflon® filters for elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while splits from each sample were analyzed for water-soluble cations and anions by ion chromatography. The dust deposits along the Red Sea coast are considered to be a mixture of dust emissions from local soils and soils imported from distal dust sources. Airborne mineral concentrations are greatest at or close to dust sources, compared to those through medium- and long-range transport. It is not possible to identify the exact origin of deposition samples from the mineralogical and chemical results alone. These aerosol data are the first of their kind from the Red Sea region. They will help assess their potential nutrient input into the Red Sea, as well the impact on human health, industry, and solar panel efficiency. These data will also support dust modeling in this important dust belt source area by better quantifying dust mass balance and optical properties of airborne dust particles.
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Sun, Zhi Ming, Yang Yang Huai, Zhong Lei Dou, and Shui Lin Zheng. "Physical Modification of Bentonite on the Salt Resistence Capacitiy." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.687.
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A kind of bentonite composite with high salt resistance capacity was prepared using physical modification including physical mineral separation and doping porous non-metallic minerals. The results showed that through physical mineral separation, the content of montmorillonite and the salt resistance capacity increased substantially. The bentonite compsite sample doped by 5.0% diatomite showed better salt resistance capacity than the other compsite samples. The salt resistance mechanism was discussed through the double layer theory and physical and chemical properties of doped minerals.
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Shengelia, Ramaz. "Medea and Argonautics: Medicine, pharmacy, toxicology." Papers on Anthropology 27, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2018.27.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
According to mythical heritage, Medea, a daughter of the king of Colchis (Western Georgia, 13th century BC), famous for her beauty, was very wise and closely associated with plant lore, concoction of medicines, and medical activities. She knew various forms of remedies for internal and external use, respiratory, and so forth. In her therapeutic arsenal, there were medical remedies for a variety of uses: for treatment of various diseases, soporifics, poisons, ointments, miraculous and magical substances as well.
Medea prepared the poisons by using special processing of medical remedies – extraction, infusion/tincture, thermal, mechanical, or chemical exposure, or concentration. The principle, according to which the modern medicine is developing, is contraria contrariis curantur (CCC), or contraries are cured, or allopathic medicine. At present, the priority still belongs to CCC. This is the direction that modern medicine and pharmacy throughout the world are following today.
The way of effective realization of this principle is a strong chemical source. The stronger the source, the more effective the result. This thesis is based on two major ways of realization of the CCC principle – suppressing and compensating therapy where achieving an effect without a potent substance would not be possible.
Toxicology and pharmacy were formed in the Roman Empire at the beginning of our era and are associated with the King of Pontus, a descendant of Colchis – Mithridates VI Eupator. Such a notion as the medicine/drug appeared in the Roman period. The authors do not describe the plant, animal or mineral resources but the product – the characteristics of the drug.
Thus, Medea is not only considered a pioneer of cosmetics, hematology, surgery, toxicology, and other areas but also the founder of the way for effective implementation of the main principle of modern medicine and the donor of word root medicine. Afterwards, the term acquired a broader generalization and consequently become a synonym of medical art.
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Ahmed, Ziauddin. "Is zinc deficiency a worldwide problem and is there a silent epidemic in Saudi Arabia?" International Journal of Growth and Development 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.37.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Zinc is an important trace mineral for our body, the deficiency of which can cause many complications like inadequate or stunted growth, immune deficiency with increased morbidity, etc. As per literature, in more severe cases, zinc deficiency causes hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye and skin lesions. Weight loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy can also occur. Therefore, it is important that Zinc levels should be done especially when even any of the above nonspecific symptoms and signs are present. Zinc absorption is inhibited by phytates (seen in cereals, rice, corn, etc), cadmium (from environment), etc and this is an important factor to be considered apart from Zinc intake ,etc. A "best-estimate" model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from a composite nutrient database and International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, estimated the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake to be 17.3%. Range varied from 12-66 % with different methodologies. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Zinc deficiency in the MEDICAL PROTOCOL DEPARTMENT- OUT-PATIENT CLINIC at King Fahad Hospital-National Guard Health Affairs-Riyadh, KSA. Methods: About 1000 patients of both genders between the ages of 15 -90 & above over a period of 6 months (in 2013) of our regular out-patient clinic were tested for Zinc deficiency irrespective of any signs or symptoms. Results: Out of 1000 patients about 440 (44%) patients were low in Zinc levels and treated for Zinc deficiency Conclusions: 1. There is a high prevalence of Zinc deficiency (44 %) in our outpatient clinic population at King Fahad Hospital. So, there is probably Zinc deficiency in greater numbers in the general population which should be addressed before it becomes an epidemic if there is not one already. 2. Most of the women with Zinc deficiency complained of hair loss. 3. Factors especially phytates that inhibit Zinc absorption should be considered and lower dietary phytates introduced in the foods we eat , especially for children.