Journal articles: 'Mineral magnetism'

1

Kirschvink, Joseph L. "Rock and Mineral Magnetism." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 40, no. 1 (October 1985): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90007-x.

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Banerjee, Subir K. "Rock and Mineral Magnetism. W. O'Reilly." Journal of Geology 93, no. 1 (January 1985): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/628930.

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Machel, H. G., and E. A. Burton. "Chemical and microbial processes causing anomalous magnetization in environments affected by hydrocarbon seepage." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 5 (May 1991): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443076.

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(Aero‐)magnetic anomalies have been reported from several commercial hydrocarbon accumulations. However, the processes responsible for such anomalies are relatively poorly understood. This paper conceptually discusses chemical and microbiological processes involved in generating anomalous magnetization related to hydrocarbon accumulations, including hydrocarbon seepage environments. Based on thermodynamic criteria and microbiologic activity, the formation and destruction of magnetic mineral assemblages can be predicted. Under the influence of hydrocarbons, magnetite and pyrrhotite are the most important magnetic minerals formed, and the most abundant magnetic mineral destroyed is hematite. Hence, the invasion of hydrocarbons may result in “positive,” “absent,” or “negative” magnetic contrasts relative to the total magnetization prior to hydrocarbon invasion, depending upon the amounts of authigenic magnetite and pyrrhotite formed relative to the amounts of hematite destroyed. Magnetism may be generated also by natural and anthropogenic processes that have no relationships to an underlying or adjacent hydrocarbon accumulation. Consequently, anomalous magnetization, even if associated with a hydrocarbon accumulation, may or may not be genetically related to it. Magnetic mineral assemblages and the resulting magnetic contrasts, such as those predicted in this paper, have been documented from some hydrocarbon seepage environments. Hence, anomalous magnetization can be used for hydrocarbon exploration in association with other surface exploration methods.

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Urrutia Fucugauchi, J. "Rock and mineral magnetism / W. O´Reilly." Geofísica Internacional 24, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1985.24.2.1020.

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Este libro sobre magnetismo de rocas y minerales esta escrito por el Dr. William O'Reilly, Senior Lecturer del Departamento de Geofísica y Física Planetaria de la Escuela de Física, Universidad de Newcastle uponTyne (Gran Bretaña). El grupo de investigación de paleomagnetismo y magnetismo de rocas de Newcastle upon Tyne es uno de los más activos y numerosos, dedicados a estudios teóricos y experimentales, desarrollo instrumental y aplicaciones.doi: sin doi

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KASAMA, Takeshi. "Transmission electron microscopy of nanoscale mineral magnetism." Japanese Magazine of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 40, no. 1 (2011): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk.101206.

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Jin, Jianping, Xinran Zhu, Pengchao Li, Yanjun Li, and Yuexin Han. "Clean Utilization of Limonite Ore by Suspension Magnetization Roasting Technology." Minerals 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020260.

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As a typical refractory iron ore, the utilization of limonite ore with conventional mineral processing methods has great limitations. In this study, suspension magnetization roasting technology was developed and utilized to recover limonite ore. The influences of roasting temperature, roasting time, and reducing gas concentration on the magnetization roasting process were investigated. The optimal roasting conditions were determined to be a roasting temperature of 480 °C, a roasting time of 12.5 min, and a reducing gas concentration of 20%. Under optimal conditions, an iron concentrate grade of 60.12% and iron recovery of 91.96% was obtained. The phase transformation, magnetism variation, and microstructure evolution behavior were systematically analyzed by X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that hematite and goethite were eventually transformed into magnetite during the magnetization roasting process. Moreover, the magnetism of roasted products significantly improved due to the formation of ferrimagnetic magnetite in magnetization roasting. This study has implications for the utilization of limonite ore using suspension magnetization roasting technology.

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Harrison, R. J., and J. M. Feinberg. "Mineral Magnetism: Providing New Insights into Geoscience Processes." Elements 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.4.209.

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Peters, C., M. J. Church, and C. Mitchell. "Investigation of fire ash residues using mineral magnetism." Archaeological Prospection 8, no. 4 (2001): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.171.

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Silveira, Vitor E. P., Natália B. dos Santos, Daniel R. Franco, Emanuele F. la Terra, Joshua M. Feinberg, R. B. Scorzelli, Magda B. Fontes, et al. "Environmental magnetism evidence for longshore drift distribution of Fe-bearing phases: An example from the Brazilian southeastern coastal region." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.089.

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ABSTRACT The accumulation of heavy minerals along a part of the southeastern Brazilian coast (northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) provides insight into sedimentary provenance and transport by longshore drift. In particular, recent work has focused on heavy minerals as tracers to determine sedimentary sources and transport pathways, indicating a mineral distribution according to the northward and southward coastal transport cells. There is also evidence of heavy-mineral transport by the Paraíba do Sul River. However, research has not been done in this area on the opaque fraction (iron oxides and oxyhydroxides), which are good tracers for provenance and distribution processes. Here we intend to: 1) characterize the spatial variation of the magnetic properties of heavy-mineral contents throughout a coastal area of the Itabapoana and Paraíba do Sul River mouths (state of Rio de Janeiro), 2) evaluate the contribution of coastal dynamics on the mineral distribution along this coastal area, 3) provide contributions on the provenance of iron-bearing minerals. Results indicate that a bimodal pattern was observed for the magnetic remanence of magnetite and hematite near the Paraíba do Sul River. For the northernmost section, goethite exhibits a gradual increase in concentration towards the central part of the study area. Additionally, higher heavy-mineral content is observed at the northern coastal section, which may be related to coastal morphology, which is exposed to high-energy beach processes. It is possible to verify three sampling groups in accordance with their magnetic properties: 1) the “southernmost” and 2) the “northernmost” groups, suggesting a mineral provenance related to the Paraíba do Sul and Itabapoana rivers, respectively, as possible major sources, and 3) another at the intermediate section of the area, possibly linked to the erosion of the Barreiras Formation bluffs. Results also show a correspondence between the variability of magnetic parameters and the main directions of the coastal transport cells.

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Dai, Hui Xin, Wei Zhao, Li Kun Gao, and Bao Xu Song. "Process Mineralogy of an Oolitic Hematite Ore and its Implications for Mineral Processing." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.131.

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Based on process mineralogical study of an oolitic hematite ore in SW China, the texture and structure of the ores, the occurrence of iron minerals and the dissemination of them are determined in detail, which provides scientific reference for forthcoming mineral processing technology. The mineralogical results show that the sizes of the grains are generally under 0.01mm, so the minerals cannot be liberated completely by traditional grinding technology. Moreover, the objective minerals are the assemblages of hematite and chlorite, whose amount is highly variable, so the magnetism also varies widely. Therefore, during the coming magnetic separation tests, the increment of the magnetic intensity should be strictly manipulated to determine the best condition for the ores.

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Zhang, Qiang, Qingsong Liu, and Youbin Sun. "Review of recent developments in aeolian dust signals of sediments from the North Pacific Ocean based on magnetic minerals." Geological Magazine 157, no. 5 (July 18, 2019): 790–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000712.

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AbstractThe North Pacific Ocean (NPO) has received abundant aeolian dust transported by westerlies from the Asian inland. The aeolian components preserved in NPO sediments record information on palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes in Asian source areas at different timescales. Previous studies have systematically investigated the source–sink effect of aeolian dust using the sedimentology, geochemistry, isotope and magnetic methods. In this study, we focus more on recent developments of aeolian signals in NPO sediments obtained by magnetic approaches. Generally, aeolian components contain a mixture of magnetite, maghemite, hematite and goethite of different origins. Magnetic properties (mineral category, concentration and particle size) of these minerals are modulated primarily by climatic/environmental conditions in source areas and sorting effects during the transportation process. Compared with the other methods, magnetic measurements have the advantages of non-sample destruction, high sensitivity and high efficiency. Finally, future studies are also discussed to address the importance of magnetism for tracing the dynamic transportation processes of the aeolian dust.

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Ebert, Yael, Ron Shaar, Simon Emmanuel, Norbert Nowaczyk, and Mordechai Stein. "Overwriting of sedimentary magnetism by bacterially mediated mineral alteration." Geology 46, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g39706.1.

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Rong, Shaowei, Jin Wu, Jing Liu, Qun Li, Chunping Ren, and Xiaoyuan Cao. "Environmental Magnetic Characteristics and Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment of Sediments in the Le’an River, China." Minerals 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020145.

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Environmental magnetism parameters have become a useful tool in addressing environmental issues. Due to the rapid, sensitive, economical and non-destructive characteristics of environmental magnetism, the present contribution focuses on magnetism parameters as proxy for heavy metal pollution, especially from their relationship with contents of heavy metal. We evaluated heavy metals pollution and examined environmental magnetism in the Dexing section of the Le’an River. The pollution load index (PLI) of Cr, Pb, As, Cu and Zn, as well as the concentration of other heavy metals, were analyzed, and the magnetic indexes of various sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of all heavy metals far exceeded the local background values, and that the average contamination factor of Cu was as high as 22.88, making it the element of most serious contamination. The problem of heavy metal pollution near the mine is very serious. The content of magnetic minerals in sediments of Le’an River is relatively high and the composition of magnetic minerals is relatively stable. The stable-single domin (SSD) content is high at S1 and S10, indicating that ferromagnetic mineral content is relatively rich here, which dominates the magnetic characteristics of the sample. In general, it was found that environmental magnetism indicators did not exist in the Dexing section of the Le’an River that could clearly indicate the concentration of heavy metal pollution. Only a few heavy metals can be effectively indicated by magnetic parameters. IRM-20mT and S-ratio can be used as indicators of Cr, Pb, As, Cu and Zn, but they are not accurate. The correlation between Sr and magnetic indexes IRM200mT, IRM300mT, SIRM, IRM-300mT and HIRM is significant, which can be used as an indicator of Sr concentration. IRM20mT can also be used as an indicator of Hg concentration.

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Reynolds, Richard L., Harland L. Goldstein, and Mark E. Miller. "Atmospheric mineral dust in dryland ecosystems: Applications of environmental magnetism." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 11, no. 7 (July 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gc003103.

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Liu, Qingsong, Chenglong Deng, Jose Torrent, and Rixiang Zhu. "Review of recent developments in mineral magnetism of the Chinese loess." Quaternary Science Reviews 26, no. 3-4 (February 2007): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.004.

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Chen, Liang, Chun Hui Zhou, Saverio Fiore, Dong Shen Tong, Hao Zhang, Chun Sheng Li, Sheng Fu Ji, and Wei Hua Yu. "Functional magnetic nanoparticle/clay mineral nanocomposites: preparation, magnetism and versatile applications." Applied Clay Science 127-128 (July 2016): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.04.009.

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17

Karmakar, Debjani, and J. V. Yakhmi. "Spin interactions in mineral libethenite series: evolution of low-dimensional magnetism." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 24, no. 43 (October 3, 2012): 436003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/43/436003.

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18

Ferrow, E. A., and B. A. Sjöberg. "Oxidation of Pyrite Grains: A Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Mineral Magnetism Study." Hyperfine Interactions 163, no. 1-4 (March 28, 2006): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-005-9199-8.

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19

Kimber, Simon. "Giant pressure-induced volume collapse in the pyrite mineral MnS2." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098465.

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Dramatic volume collapses under pressure are fundamental to geochemistry. In transition metal materials, collapses are usually driven by so-called 'spin state' transitions- the interplay between the single-ion crystal field and the size of the magnetic moment. Here we show [1] that the classical S= 5/2 mineral Hauerite (MnS2) undergoes an unprecedented (ca. 22 %) volume collapse driven by a conceptually new magnetic mechanism. Using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, we show that cold compression induces the formation of a disordered intermediate. However, using an evolutionary algorithm we predict a new structure with edge-sharing chains is stable. This is confirmed as the thermodynamic ground state by in-situ laser heating. We show that magnetism is globally absent in the new phase, as the low-spin quantum S=1/2 moments are quenched by dimerisation. Our results show how the emergence of metal-metal bonding can stabilise giant spin-lattice coupling in Earth's minerals.

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Hiroi, Zenji, Hajime Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Jun-ichi Yamaura, and Yoshihiko Okamoto. "Orbital Transitions and Frustrated Magnetism in the Kagome-Type Copper Mineral Volborthite." Inorganic Chemistry 58, no. 18 (June 18, 2019): 11949–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01165.

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21

Peters, C., M. J. Church, and G. Coles. "Mineral magnetism and archaeology at Galson on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 25, no. 5 (January 2000): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1895(00)00070-3.

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Lappe, Sophie-Charlotte L. L., Nathan S. Church, Takeshi Kasama, Alice Bastos da Silva Fanta, Geoff Bromiley, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Joshua M. Feinberg, Sara Russell, and Richard J. Harrison. "Mineral magnetism of dusty olivine: A credible recorder of pre-accretionary remanence." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12, no. 12 (December 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003811.

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23

Crockford, R. H., and I. R. Willett. "Application of mineral magnetism to describe profile development of toposequences of a sedimentary soil in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 39, no. 5 (2001): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00077.

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Mineral magnetism and chemical properties of soil profiles across a valley with an erosion gully in a Yellow Dermosol sedimentary soil suggest that the magnetic profile resulted from a combination of alluviation and pedogenesis. The concentration of soil magnetic minerals in a range of particle sizes (3.36–2 mm to <2 μm) diminished from the surface downwards to a minimum (referred to as layer P), then increased to high values (layer H), after which it decreased to bed rock level at the base layer. It is proposed that the H layer was the surface of a buried soil, and that the ferrimagnetic mineral through the profiles was dominantly maghemite, formed by fire enhancement. The magnetic pattern of the profiles compressed as the soil became shallower up-slope, from 3 m in depth at the lowest site to 0.7 m at a site 40 m up-slope. Above this site the high susceptibility H layer was absent, which is consistent with the H layer being an earlier soil surface. Except for the profile at the very top of the slope (depth of 0.63 m), the magnetic grain size did not vary with depth. In the P layers, there was a greater proportion of paramagnetic minerals than in the other layers. The changes in magnetic susceptibility through the profiles were influenced by ferrimagnetic, paramagnetic, and canted anti-ferromagnetic material. For all depths in all profiles the magnetic susceptibility changed consistently through the particle size range, decreasing from the larger sizes to the 10–20 m size then increasing slightly to the smallest size (<2 μm). The mean magnetic grain size also decreased through the particle size range. Magnetic particles of 3 concentration levels were extracted by a hand magnet from the 4 largest particle sizes and showed the same magnetic-particle size relationships, for both mass susceptibility and magnetic grain size, as the other particle sizes. This showed that the proportion of highly magnetic particles effectively determined the susceptibility and magnetic grain size features of the bulk samples of each particle size class. The particle size/magnetic susceptibility pattern described in this paper occurs in all sedimentary soils and derived river sediments studied in this part of Australia. However, soils and sediments of granitic origin have an inverse pattern. These differences are attributed to pedogenic and geomorphological process. The difficulties in using mineral magnetic properties as a means of sourcing mobile sediments in catchments are discussed.

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Herries, A. I. R., M. Kovacheva, and M. Kostadinova. "Mineral magnetism and archaeomagnetic dating of a mediaeval oven from Zlatna Livada, Bulgaria." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 33, no. 6-7 (January 2008): 496–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.02.021.

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Allen, N. R. "Effect of Roasting Temperature on the Magnetism of Ilmenite." Physical Separation in Science and Engineering 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478647031000152489.

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The enhancement of ilmenite magnetic susceptibility by roasting is well known, and it is used routinely in the magnetic separation of mineral sands, yet surprisingly little appears to be known in detail about the development of this magnetisation as roast temperatures increase. An examination of the changes in both magnetic susceptibility and magnetic rotatability within the roast temperature range 350–650°C reveals some interesting low-temperature magnetisation changes. The results suggest the presence at low roast temperatures of very small magnetised regions that behave as though they are superparamagnetic, and suggest that the growth of these regions plays a significant part in the development of roast-induced magnetisation. The results also show that the bulk magnetic development above 500°C is a resultant of several temperature-dependent competing processes.

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Jenkins, P. A., R. W. Duck, J. S. Rowan, and J. Walden. "Fingerprinting of bed sediment in the Tay Estuary, Scotland: an environmental magnetism approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2002): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-1007-2002.

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Abstract. Sediment fingerprinting is commonly used for sediment provenance studies in lakes, rivers and reservoirs and on hillslopes and floodplains. This investigation explores the mixing of terrestrial and marine-derived sediment in the Tay Estuary, Scotland, using mineral magnetic attributes for fingerprinting. Samples representative of the estuary sediments and of four sources (end-members) were subjected to a suite of magnetic susceptibility and remanence measurements. Sediment samples from the beds of the Rivers Tay and Earn represented fluvial inputs while samples from the Angus and Fife coasts represented marine input. Multivariate discriminant and factor analysis showed that the sources could be separated on the basis of six magnetic parameters in a simple multivariate unmixing model to identify source contributions to estuarine bed sediments. Multi-domain magnetite signatures, characteristic of unweathered bedrock, dominate the magnetic measurements. Overall contributions of 3% from the River Earn, 17% from the River Tay, 29% from the Angus coast and 51% from the Fife coast source end-members, demonstrated the present-day regime of marine sediment derivation in the Tay Estuary. However, this conceals considerable spatial variability both along-estuary and in terms of sub-environments, with small-scale variations in sediment provenance reflecting local morphology, particularly areas of channel convergence. Keywords: bed sediment, environmental magnetism, fingerprinting, Tay Estuary, Scotland

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Reethu, M., V. Jyothi, K. Sandeep, A. K. Rafaz, G. H. Aravind, and J. Jithin. "Rock Magnetic and Mineralogical Properties of Lateritic Soil Profiles Developed on Two Different Parent Rocks in Northern Kerala, South-Western India." Journal of Geosciences Research 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56153/g19088-022-0131-30.

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The rock magnetic and mineralogical properties of two lateritic soil profiles developed on two different parent rocks (khondalite and granite) in northern Kerala, south-western India were investigated to better understand pedogenic processes under tropical climate. Field investigations reveal the presence of various horizons in the lateritic profiles, such as saprolite, mottled zone, pebble horizon and top soil. The particle size, rock magnetic, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on samples collected from different horizons of the two profiles. Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) values of the lateritic profiles vary from 9.97 to 1717.04 x 10-8 m3 kg-1, with the granitic profile exhibiting overall higher values. The percentage frequency-dependent susceptibility (χ %) ranges between 0 % and 13.9 %. The XRD data reveal the presence of kaolinite, gibbsite (except for top soil layer) and quartz along with magnetic minerals like magnetite, hematite and goethite. The upper horizons (top-soil and pebble horizon) exhibit high values for concentration dependent magnetic parameters like χlf and χfd%, whereas, the lower horizons (saprock, saprolite, pallid zone horizons) exhibit low values. The tropical soils in the region have undergone a higher degree of pedogenesis with increased magnetic mineral concentration compared to temperate soils. The magnetic enhancement in the topsoil may be due to the neoformation of ultra fine-grained SP magnetite/maghemite (with minor anti-ferro magnetic component), aided by sufficient Fe supply, alternate wetting and drying cycles, dehydration, oxidation and redox conditions. Keywords: Lateritic Soils; Soil Magnetism; XRD; SEM; Magnetic Enhancement; Pedogenesis; Southern India

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Zhao, Li Bing, Ao Shu Meng, Jin Rui Zhang, Bing Liang, Zhong Quan Wang, Dong Mei Che, Xiao Xue Li, and Hao Yu. "Study of Experiments on Dosage of the Flocculating Agent of Pure Minerals for the Overflow of Concentrate of the Before Mineral Processing of Strong Magnetism." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.88.

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Aimed at the characteristic that highcontent of hematite of valuable minerals in overflow of concentrate Before the strong magnetism from Sijiaying Concentrator, by that flocculation test of pure minerals of hematite, quartz, chlorite and investigate that flocculation effect of lime, PAC, PAFC of inorganic flocculants and PAM of organic flocculants to three kinds of pure minerals in this article. The test results show that the bigger sedimentation velocity difference hematite between quartz, chlorite when do not add any flocculants. When adding inorganic flocculants include lime, PAC, PAFC, flocculation effect is better to hematite and quartz, but flocculation effect is bad chlorite; Flocculation effect is better to three pure minerals when adding PAM of organic flocculants.

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Kim, BangYeon, Kenneth P. Kodama, and Robert E. Moeller. "Bacterial magnetite produced in water column dominates lake sediment mineral magnetism: Lake Ely, USA." Geophysical Journal International 163, no. 1 (October 2005): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02735.x.

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Mighall, T. M., I. D. L. Foster, P. Crew, A. S. Chapman, and A. Finn. "Using mineral magnetism to characterise ironworking and to detect its evidence in peat bogs." Journal of Archaeological Science 36, no. 1 (January 2009): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.07.015.

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Babu, Linu, Sangode Satish J, Reethu Mohan, R. S. Prasanth, S. Rajesh, Mahesh Mohan, and A. P. Pradeepkumar. "Mineral magnetism records shift in climate during the Kannur regolith formation, North Kerala, India." Quaternary Science Advances 11 (July 2023): 100090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100090.

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Yasir, Al-Saidan Khudhair Joudah. "Effect of Magnetization of Nano Fertilization on The Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 923, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012087.

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Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Al-Fadhiliya city, Dhi Qar province during the winter agricultural season 2019 - 2020 for the purpose of studying the effect of magnetization of nano Fertilization on the growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was carried out according to Split Plot Design and using the RCBD Design with three replications. The first factor included Magnetization levels of the Nano Fertilization (Gs) (0 Gs (Gs1),750 Gs (Gs2),1500 Gs (Gs3) for 15 minute (in main plot) while the second factor included the Nano Fertilization levels for (N, P) (F) 1 Kg.ha−1(F1), 1.5 Kg.ha−1(F2), 2 Kg.ha−1(F3)(according to the recommendation of the manufacturer (1 - 2 Kg.ha−1))(in sub plot). Mineral fertilizer add for (N, P) by 120 Kg N.ha−1, 100 Kg P ha−1. Mineral and nano fertilizer section for three growth stages (ZGs21, ZGs32, ZGs49). The results showed a positive response to the studied traits of variety Bohouth 22 (Plant height, number of tillers, number of grains and total grain yield) given the highest averages at the level of magnetism (Gs3) and fertilization level (F3)(109.33 cm, 426.2 tiller.m−2, 73.22 grain. spike−1, 1.859 t.d−1),(108.44 cm, 471.4 tiller.m−2, 77.78 grain. spike−1, 1.915 t.d-1) respectively, while the level of magnetism (Gs1) and fertilization level (F1) giving the lowest averages (95.11 cm, 341.3 tiller.m−2, 60.11 grain. spike−1, 1.437 t.d−1), (96.22 cm, 312.1 tiller.m−2, 54.00 grain. spike−1, 1.412 t.d−1) respectively. The level of magnetism (Gs1) and fertilization level (F1) gave the highest average in weight 1000 grain (43.188, 44.266)g respectively, while the magnetization level (Gs3) and fertilization level (F3) giving the lowest average (42.092,41.182)g respectively. Interaction treatment (Gs3F3) gave the highest average grain yield 2.1773 t.d−1 while the interaction treatment (Gs1F1) gave the lowest average attained 1.218 t.d−1.

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Hunt, C. O., D. D. Gilbertson, R. D. S. Jenkinson, M. van der Veen, G. Yates, and P. C. Buckland. "ULVS XVII: Palaeoecology and Agriculture of an Abandonment Phase at Gasr Mm 10, Wadi Mimoun, Tripolitania." Libyan Studies 18 (1987): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006804.

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AbstractThis study documents the sediments, pollen, seeds, molluscs, vertebrates and mineral magnetism of deposits found in an abandoned water supply system at gasr Mm 10 in the Wadi Mimoun in the pre-desert of Tripolitania. These new data suggest (1) at or close to an episode of probable abandonment of that gasr, the growth of cereals (and perhaps general agricultural activity) still occurred on the wadi catchment upstream of the gasr, and (2) the vegetation of the adjacent wadi floor was richer in species (which included olive) than occurs today.

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Wang, Hongya, Ying Cheng, Yao Luo, Cai’na Zhang, Lei Deng, Xiuyun Yang, and Hongyan Liu. "Variations in erosion intensity and soil maturity as revealed by mineral magnetism of sediments from an alpine lake in monsoon-dominated central east China and their implications for environmental changes over the past 5500 years." Holocene 29, no. 12 (August 7, 2019): 1835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619865583.

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Measurements of mineral magnetism were performed on a sediment sequence recovered from Foye Chi, an alpine lake (3410 m a.s.l.) on the southern slope of the Taibai Mountain (3767 m a.s.l.), the highest mountain in east mainland China (east of 105°E) influenced by East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). Mineral magnetism were also measured for surface sediments from the lake, rock debris, surface soils and a soil profile from its catchment and surface soils at the elevations of 600–3767 m a.s.l. of the southern slope of the Mountain. AMS14C dating, analyses of pollen, particle size, TOC, TN and δ13Norg were conducted for the sediment sequence while pollen analysis was also made for the surface-sediment sample. Variations in χlf, χARM, IRM300mT and SIRM of the sediment sequence were attributed to changes in erosion intensity, while those in IRM20mT/ARM and particularly χARM/SIRM to changes in soil maturity. With aid of the other data, the magnetic data of the sediment sequence revealed environmental changes over the past ~5520 years. The weighted χARM/SIRM values of the sediment sequence in comparison with χARM/SIRM of the surface soils distributed on different elevations allowed estimating the altitudes where the present environments are similar to the past ones for different periods of the past ~5520 years. The reconstructed environmental changes are generally in agreement with the centennial-scale variability of EASM indicated by a stalagmite 18O record and with that of EAWM indicated by an 18O record of planktonic foraminiferal.

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Whiting, T. H. "Magnetic Mineral Petrogenesis, Rock Magnetism and Aeromagnetic Response in the Eastern Arunta Inlier, Northern Territory." Exploration Geophysics 19, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg988377.

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Lee, Seungyeol, Huifang Xu, Hongwu Xu, Ryan Jacobs, and Dane Morgan. "Valleyite: A new magnetic mineral with the sodalite-type structure." American Mineralogist 104, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6856.

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Abstract Valleyite, Ca4(Fe,Al)6O13, is a new sodalite-type mineral discovered in late Pleistocene basaltic scoria from the Menan Volcanic Complex near Rexburg, Idaho, U.S.A. It is an oxidation product of basaltic glass during the early stage of the scoria formation and is associated with hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), luogufengite (ε-Fe2O3), and quartz on the surface of vesicles. The measured crystal size of valleyite ranges from ~250 to ~500 nm. The empirical chemical formula of valleyite is (Ca3.61Mg0.39)(Fe3.97Al1.91Ti0.09)O13. The mineral has a space group of I43m. The (Fe,Al)-O bond distance and unit-cell edge are slightly larger than those reported for synthetic Ca4Al6O13, presumably due to the presence of the larger Fe3+ cations, compared with Al3+, in the structure. Density functional theory calculations predict that valleyite may be a metastable phase at low temperatures. Measured Curie temperatures for valleyite and luogufengite are 645 and 519 K, respectively. Their magnetization hysteresis loop indicates the magnetic exchange coupling between valleyite (soft magnet) and luogufengite (hard magnet) that aids in the understanding of magnetic properties and paleo-magnetism of basaltic rocks. This new mineral, valleyite, with the sodalite-type cage structure is potentially a functional magnetic material.

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Legowo, Budi, Shandiyano Putra, Heri Purwanto, Hamdi Rifai, Wiwit Suryanto, and Budi Purnama. "Magnetic Properties of Ancient Sediments Bengawan Solo, Central Java-East Java, Indonesia." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2022): 6626. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6626.

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Information about the eruption of Mount Lawu in Central Java Province in 1885 and Mount Merapi in D.I. Yogyakarta in 2010 became a source for estimating the presence of magnetic minerals which underwent a sedimentation process in the Bengawan Solo River from upstream (Wonogiri) - downstream (Bojonegoro). The results we get of the magnetic susceptibility distribution of the Bengawan Solo sediments reveal that the sediment from the upper reaches of the Bengawan Solo River has a low frequency magnetic susceptibility value in upstream of around 1,080.23×10−8 m3/Kg - 2,780.77×10−8 m3/Kg, the middle part is 74.40×10−8 m3/Kg - 1,735.90×10−8 m3/Kg, and downstream 17.57×10−8 m3/Kg - 1,620.53×10−8 m3/Kg. The value of magnetic susceptibility decreased significantly from upstream to downstream. High susceptibility indicates the sample contains metal elements. In determining iron oxide, we use X-Ray Fluorescence assisted by X-Ray Diffractometer testing to determine magnetic minerals. X-Ray Fluorescence confirm metal oxide in the sample. There are Al and Fe confirm the presence of magnetic properties in sedimentation. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer confirmed that the Bengawan Solo sediment has a magnetic saturation about 0.06 - 9.50 (emu/g), a magnetic remanent around 0.001 - 0.575 (emu/g) and coercivity field of around 10 - 60.15 (Oe). X-Ray Diffractometer pattern confirm the mineral structures, namely Coesite, Magnetite, Cristobalite, Portlandite, Quartz, Anatase, Goethite, Tridymite, Gibsyte, Stishovite, Grasullaria, Labradorite and Wuestite. These results indicate the novelty of sediments from Bengawan Solo, Central Java to East Java. HIGHLIGHTS We found several important points in this research: The Bengawan Solo River is formed from several formations and lifting from faults The Bengawan Solo River is rich in minerals formed from metal oxides The magnetic value decreases with the distance from Mount Lawu The Bengawan Solo River has confirmed ferromagnetic properties from the S-type hysterisis curve With low magnetic remanent values, low saturation magnetism and high magnetic corrosivity GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Lu, Qi, Feng Bai, and Ni Wang. "Study on the Infrared Radiation Properties of Different Tourmaline Species." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1536.

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Tourmaline is a kind of non-metal mineral, which has been applied widely in environmental protection, such as radiating infrared, producing ion negative and shielding electromagnetic radiation. It is proved that tourmaline has the properties of spontaneous electrode effect and weak magnetism. Tourmaline from different areas has some differences on internal crystal structure and chemical composition. This paper studied on the infrared radiation properties of four different kinds of tourmaline produced in Hebei Guangxi, Henan, Xinjiang. Our experiments indicated that different species of tourmaline has different rate of infrared radiation on the same condition, and infrared radiation rate changes with temperature and particle size.

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Wang, Bo, Xiaochen Zhang, Yuanhao Zhao, Mei Zhang, and Jia Jia. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pollution Based on Magnetic Analysis of Soil and Atmospheric Dustfall in Baiyin City, Northwestern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041681.

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The characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution and sources for multiple environmental carriers (surface soil, soil profiles, atmospheric dustfall) from the typical industrial city of Baiyin in Northwestern China were studied by means of environmental magnetism. This study aims to contribute to the potential application of magnetic measurements in the case of multiple environmental carriers, for the evaluation and differentiation of urban pollution sources. Results show that background magnetic susceptibility of soil is 37 × 10−8 m3 kg−1, and that magnetite and hematite carry the magnetic properties. However, magnetic properties of urban soil and atmospheric dustfall are dominated by PSD magnetite. Magnetite content in soil samples is anomalously high surrounding metallurgical plant and slag dump (major industry district), of moderate value in the center of the city (major commercial district), and of low value in the west of city (Baiyin new zone). Vertical distribution of magnetite content in soil profile of waste land suggests that the pollutants are mostly enriched in the top 0–2 cm soil layers, while planting of crops near the industrial area may accelerate the transfer of contaminants deeper in the soil (2–30 cm); accordingly, reducing detrimental soil tillage practices can alleviate the vertical migration of pollution. Measurements of magnetic variations of atmospheric dustfall indicate that industrial emissions by factory chimneys and blowing dust from slag heap and mineral transport control the magnetic properties of dust, with slag heaps being the main pollution source since 2014. Governance of slag pollution is a primary task in resource-exhausted urban contexts. The combination of several magnetic parameters arising from multiple environmental carriers, such as soil and atmospheric dustfall, can provide comprehensive spatio-temporal information on environmental pollution.

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Crockford, R. H., and P. M. Fleming. "Environmental magnetism as a stream sediment tracer: an interpretation of the methodology and some case studies." Soil Research 36, no. 1 (1998): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97040.

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A comprehensive sediment sampling program was undertaken in the upper Molonglo catchment in south-eastern New South Wales to determine if mineral magnetics could be used to estimate sidestream contribution at river confluences in this environment. Some 12 confluences were examined over 1400 km 2 in 2 major basins and over 2 contrasting geological types. Sediment samples were divided into 7 size classes and the following magnetic properties measured: magnetic susceptibility at 2 frequencies, isothermal remanent magnetisation at 3 flux densities, and anhysteristic remanent magnetisation. The sidestream inputs were calculated for each particle size class from the range of magnetic parameters. Significant discrepancies and differences appeared in the resultant sidestream inputs, and this paper outlines the conclusions as to the reliability of the different analytical procedures. It is shown that both the concentration and magnetic grain size of ferrimagnetic minerals in the sediments must be taken into account. Where the difference in magnetic grain size between the upstream and sidestream sediments is small, the use of parameter crossplots or bulked magnetic ratios is generally not appropriate. The use of mass (concentration) magnetic values may be better. The difference in the demands of the crossplots and mass values methods is that crossplots require a wide range of mass magnetic concentrations in each branch, with the upstream and sidestream sediments having different magnetic grain sizes, whereas the mass values procedure does best with a very limited (but different) range of concentrations at the upstream and sidestream branches, but similar magnetic grain sizes. This paper provides an extensive discussion of the estimation technique using different parameter combinations, and uses 3 contrasting confluences as case studies.

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Church, M. J., C. Peters, and C. M. Batt. "Sourcing fire ash on archaeological sites in the Western and Northern Isles of Scotland, using mineral magnetism." Geoarchaeology 22, no. 7 (2007): 747–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20185.

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Wolfers, Pierre, Gerard Fillion, B. Ouladdiaf, Rafik Ballou, and P. Rochette. "The Pyrrhotite 32 K Magnetic Transition." Solid State Phenomena 170 (April 2011): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.170.174.

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Pyrrhotite [1] is a common ferrimagnetic mineral in terrestrial rocks and has been identified recently as the major remanence carrier in Martian rocks, as in SNC (Shergotty-Nakhla-Chassigny) type meteorites. This compound undergoes a low temperature magnetic transition around 32 K with a change in the natural magnetic remanence [2]. This transition is going to be of growing importance in paleomagnetism and rock magnetism. To determine the structure change at 32K neutron diffraction was performed on two crystal samples at 50K and 20K (D10-ILL). Based on the magnetic torque measurements, performed on the same samples, a model of low-temperature triclinic structure was build. This model, explains previous Mössbauer experiments [4], the torque measurements, the magneto-crystalline anisotropy decreasing.

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Jordanova, Diana, Viktor Hoffmann, and Karl Thomas Fehr. "Integrated Study of Single Anthropogenic Particles—Magnetic and Environmental Implications." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04007.

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Environmental Context.Industrial metal production, thermoelectric power plants, and similar technologies can release a large amount of particles (with sizes up to the millimetre scale) of heavy metals into the local surrounds. Up to 10% of these particles are strongly magnetic and easily detectable above the background magnetism. A map of the regional magnetic signals, which would be relatively simple and cheap to produce, provides a guide to pollution ‘hotspots’. But it’s not that simple: The authors integrate chemistry, microscopy, and magnetism studies of single particles of sediments from the Danube River to show rock magnetic parameters established for natural rocks cannot be directly used on environmental man-made particles. Abstract.The presence of significant amounts of strongly magnetic phases in anthropogenic particulate industrial emissions allows the use of magnetic methods for fast and cheap detection of environmental pollution. The aim of our study is to check the validity of some of the constitutive magnetic parameters and their ratios used for estimation of grain sizes and distance from the pollution source. The results from our integrated magnetic, microscopic, and microchemical study on large, single, anthropogenic particles show that classical rock magnetic parameters (Mrs/Mr, Bcr/Bc) for mineral magnetic characterization cannot be directly applied to the anthropogenic phases. This results from their inhomogeneous composition, often with dendritic exsolution of iron oxides within an aluminosilicate matrix.

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Wang, Lin, Hong Xu Li, Yun Chi Guo, and An Li. "Explore the Effects of Magnetic Field Intensity Change on Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Growth and Magnetism." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1783.

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All the times we study a lot about Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f) in mineral leaching, but when it is discovered that it can synthesize magnetosomes(Ms) in its body, researchers start to pay attention to its synthesis mechanism of Ms, while there is still few studies about the influence to A.f by external environment change. This article mainly aims at exploring the influence on A.f growth and magnetism under the outside magnetic field strength change. The findings show that not all A.f can synthesize magnetic substance. Under the most primary culture, there are few thalli can synthesize Ms; magnetic field at about 5mT, 10mT may promote thalli growth (quantity); magnetic field at about 25mT and 30mT may be harmful or beneficial to thalli response to time length; magnetic field at about 15mT, 20mT, 35mT, 40mT, 50mT may restrain thalli growth and reduce thalli activeness.

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Nirlipta, P. Nayak. "Assessment of Reuse Potential of Low-Grade Iron Ore Fines through Beneficiation Routes." i-manager's Journal on Material Science 10, no. 3 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.3.19192.

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The iron ore deposits are sedimentary in nature. In 2021, approximately 1.95 billion metric tons of crude steel were produced globally, compared to 2.6 billion metric tons of usable iron ore. Iron ore is the primary source of the iron and steel industries, which in turn are essential to maintaining a strong industrial and economic base. Globally, 86% of the total iron produced is used in steelmaking. The most important iron ore minerals include hematite, magnetite, and taconite. The other iron ore minerals include goethite, laterite, etc. Hematite and magnetite are most commonly exploited for their iron values. Considering the non-renewable nature of iron ore, there is a paradigm shift towards the upgrading and beneficiation of low-grade iron ore. The widely accepted techniques for beneficiation include jigging, magnetic separation, enhanced gravity separation, froth flotation, etc. Owing to density contrast, iron can be separated from the gangue in simple jigging cycles. The electromagnetic laboratory-scale Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (WHIMS) removes fine magnetics and para-magnetics from mineral slurries. The physical and chemical properties of the ore mineral, as well as their mutual relationship, have a large impact on the beneficiation efficiency. In most of the processing units, the small, dense particles report to the tailing fraction, causing a significant loss in ore values. In such challenging cases, the enhanced gravity technique is useful. It is a combination of centrifugal force and gravitational force that facilitates the separation of low-density ore minerals and gangue. The paper focuses on the importance of a characterization study for the success of beneficiation.

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Siregar, Nurmala Dewi, Hamdi Rifai, Syafriani Syafriani, Ahmad Fauzi, and Fatni Mufit. "Magnetic Susceptibility of Volcanic Rocks from Pahae Julu Region, North Sumatera Province." Journal of Physics and Its Applications 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpa.v4i2.13597.

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Pahae Julu is a sub-district located in North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. This area is often found with volcanic material from the eruption of Mount Toba (Youngest Toba Tuff). The Youngest Toba Tuff eruption occurred ~74,000 years ago with a volume of 2,800 km3. When there is an eruption, the lava on the earth's surface undergoes a relatively fast freezing process to form volcanic igneous rock. These rocks contain various minerals, one of which is magnetic minerals that can be used as a track record of volcanic processes from Mount Toba. However, no document records the magnetic susceptibility value of the Youngest Toba Tuff volcanic rock in the Pahae Julu area. This research aimsbfor knowing the abundance of magnetic minerals by the low-field magnetic susceptibility. To achieve this goal, the rock magnetism method is used. This way is very effective, cheap, sensitive, and non-destructive. Magnetic susceptibility measurements are done using the Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter MS2B sensor. Rock samples analyzed are pumice which is the result of the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. The results showed that the magnetic susceptibility value obtained for the sample was between 85.0 x 10-8m3/kg – 183.1 x 10-8m3/kg with an average of 119.78 x 10-8m3/kg. Based on this value, it is assumed that the magnetic mineral properties are Antiferromagnetic. The average value of χ fd% obtained is 0.95%, indicating that the Youngest Toba Tuff volcanic rock in the Pahae Julu area has almost no Superparamagnetic grains.

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Wang, Hongya, Hongyan Liu, Yanhua Liu, and Haiting Cui. "Mineral magnetism of lacustrine sediments and Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in Dali Nor area, southeast Inner Mongolia Plateau, China." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 208, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.026.

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Hounslow, Mark W., and Alex Chepstow-Lusty. "A record of soil loss from Butrint, southern Albania, using mineral magnetism indicators and charcoal (AD 450 to 1200)." Holocene 14, no. 3 (April 2004): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl705rp.

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Wang, Hongya, Hongyan Liu, Jiangling Zhu, and Yi Yin. "Holocene environmental changes as recorded by mineral magnetism of sediments from Anguli-nuur Lake, southeastern Inner Mongolia Plateau, China." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 285, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.020.

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Warrier, Anish Kumar, R. Shankar, B. R. Manjunatha, and B. G. Harshavardhana. "Mineral magnetism of atmospheric dust over southwest coast of India: Impact of anthropogenic activities and implications to public health." Journal of Applied Geophysics 102 (March 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.11.013.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mineral magnetism'

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