Dissertations / Theses: 'Mineral resource development'

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Diallo, Thierno Amadou. "Beyond the resource curse : mineral resources and development in Guinea-Conakry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98930.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-76). Natural resource endowments are no guarantee of socioeconomic development. Many developing countries are rich in natural resources (minerals, oil, gas, hydropower), and yet many of their citizens remain in poverty and their economies have failed to grow; the "paradox of plenty". Despite its natural resources (bauxite, iron ore, diamond, gold and hydropower), Guinea has been unsuccessful in marshaling and leveraging these resources to produce socioeconomic development. The critical challenge for Guinea, just like many resource-rich countries, is governance failures- decades of military rule, corruption and resource mismanagement after centuries of French colonial rule. This thesis uses secondary sources and data to argue that the resource curse as a phenomenon in resource-rich countries has limitations as it does not offer these countries a path for how their resources could be used to propel social and economic development. To overcome the so-called resource curse, this thesis argues that the key to unlocking economic and social development in mineral-rich Guinea, is investing its resource-generated revenue to develop the country's infrastructure services. Infrastructures such as roads, telecommunications, water, power, education and health facilities are the foundation for socioeconomic development. The new hope for Guinea rests in the fact that after more than fifty two years of military and authoritarian rule, the country transitioned to "democracy" for the first time in 2010. This coupled with the emergence of new global players such as China and other emerging countries, with their quests to secure stable natural resources to fuel their industries, comes a new window of opportunity for resource-rich countries such as Guinea to leverage and link its extractive industries to develop key infrastructure services. Guinea could leverage its bauxite and iron ore industries to transition to onsite transformation of these materials, whose transformation is energy-intensive. Guinea could then leverage the demand for power from the onsite transformation to develop its untapped hydropower generation capacity to supply both mines and the rest of the country. However, this will not happen without governance reforms in Guinea's extractive industries and mining code. by Thierno Amadou Diallo. M.C.P.

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Motlhabane, Kutlwano. "Mineral wealth versus resource curse - the stage is set." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30412.

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The debate regarding the impact of resource wealth being a curse rather than a benefit has been a subject of debate since the 1950’s. Only since Sachs and Warner, (1995) the ground-breaking study which confirmed a negative relationship between resource abundance and economic growth for a selected set of countries there has been a narrative termed the ‘natural resources hypothesis’. This hypothesis asserts that countries with natural resource abundance tend to grow at a slow economic rate than countries with less resource abundance. Africa, being the most resource abundant continent compared to all other continents should be the best illustrator of the hypothesis because of vast mineral wealth coupled with the high level of poverty on the continent. This study seeks to determine if African citizens are on average deemed better or worse off given the abundant natural resources endowed in most African countries in relation to quality of life and income inequality as a measurement tool. The study further examines the effect of resource abundance in African countries, using income inequality as an addition variable above the economic growth. Using a panel data fixed effect estimation model for African countries and Middle East countries from 1970 to 2016, the study finds the existence of a U-shaped relationship between resource rent and income inequality, which supports the literature regarding the Kuznets curve. The study also found that rising consumer price inflation significantly worsens average income inequality within an African country. In addition, a high degree of trade openness significantly reduces income inequality within an African country, if all else is held constant. It is thus concluded that for African countries based on the population level, inflation level, degree of trade openness, and GDP share of domestic savings, accumulation of more coal rents share is expected to worsen average income inequality, while more mineral resource rents share reduces income inequality. The study recommends that African countries should find ways to measure inequality in their respective countries which would better illustrate the general relationship between mineral wealth and income inequality. Equally valuable would be the investment in research such as studies and reports which that would track the distribution of income over time in countries undergoing a mineral boom.

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Mwamba, Bright. "Water resources management in Zambia: a case of cumulative impacts associated with copper mining in the Upper Kafue Catchment, Copperbelt Province, Zambia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33894.

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Water resources management is high on the agenda both locally and globally because of its important role in social, economic and environmental development. For example, as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, all United Nations Member States adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 that covered thematic issues including water, energy, climate, oceans, urbanization, transport, science and technology. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) no.6, which targets universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030, is of particular interest in this study. The mining industry contributes to socio-economic development; however, it has also contributed to declining water quality in rivers and lakes in many regions globally. In this study, the status and governance of water resources within the Copperbelt province of Zambia over the period 2000 to 2020 was examined. The study investigated population and economic growth within the region and its correlation with changes in water quality and quantity. The research also focused on understanding the ways copper mining is affecting local water resources. The study also investigated challenges faced by regulators and institutions in the water sector, and considered how these challenges could be addressed. Secondary data was obtained from government institutions within Zambia such as National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO), Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA) and Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), which are the key institutions in the water sector and the environment. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the three key institutions in the water and pollution control sectors. The results showed that the total population in the Copperbelt province has increased by 20% since 2000 to a total of 1 972 317 in 2010. The population is projected to be 2 669 635 in 2020, representing about 27% increase from 2010. The rural population is projected to be 423 511 in 2020, representing about 11% increase from 2010 while the urban population will be 2 246 124 in 2020 representing about 29% increase from 2010. The majority of this growth has occurred in urban areas, which grew by about 30% from 2000 to a total of 1 595 456 in 2010. Rural population has increased by 8% since 2000 to a total of 376 861. The results also showed increased economic activities driven mainly by copper mining. Water abstraction has generally declined since 2000 mainly due to decrease in mining activities. In 2000, about 1 million m3 /day was abstracted in the Copperbelt province and about 600 000 m3 per day in 2005. The reduction in 2005 could be attributed to reduction in mining activities and institutional changes in the water sector. Water production and consumption from commercial utilities has generally been in decline from 2000 to 2017. This is also the case with water consumption per capita and water production per capita. For example, water consumption per capita per day in 2001 was 203 liters and reduced to 113 liters in 2017, representing a 44% reduction in consumption. The results showed that water consumption from 2004 to 2008 averaged 100 million m3 while the production averaged 160 million m3 per year. NWASCO attributed the general downward trend in water production and consumption in the province to maintenance and rehabilitation of water infrastructure, and investment in new infrastructure, thereby reducing the unaccounted-for water. The other reason could be that new housing developments prefer to use groundwater sources rather than utility water (supplied by water companies). The reduction could also be attributed to the cost of water and that consumers needed to adjust from the background where utility services such as water supply and sanitation were the sole responsibilities of the mines (ZCCM), prior to privatization. In terms of water supply and sanitation coverage, there has been an increased coverage since 2000. In 2001, the population that had access to water supply and sanitation was 81% and 46%, respectively. Therefore, roughly 50% of the population had no access to sanitation. However, in 2017 the population with access to water supply and sanitation was 91% and 75%, respectively. This represented only 25% of the population in serviced areas that had no access to sanitation. Between 2007 and 2008, the sanitation coverage had seen a reduction compared to the year 2006. This was due to institutional changes on the Copperbelt province, and the 2008 economic recession – the mine townships that were previously serviced by an asset holding after privatization of the mines were taken over by other utility companies. Consequently, the service delivery in the province initially dropped, but then started increasing again in 2009.

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Nwaila, Phumzile Cynthia. "The impacts and conflicts associated with defunct gold tailings storage facilities in South Africa: A case study of Davidsonville, Central Rand." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33936.

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Gold mining generates large quantities of tailings waste. These tailings can have a significant negative impact on the surrounding environment, with concomitant effects on local ecosystems, as well as on human health and quality of livelihoods. The latter is a concern in the Witwatersrand goldfields of South Africa, where communities are located in close proximity to gold mining operations and/or both current and defunct tailings dumps. This research project was, therefore, aimed at developing a better understanding of the facts, perceptions, concerns, and expectations associated with Witwatersrand gold mine tailings storage facilities, and how these are related. In order to fulfil this aim, a desktop study was conducted which involved a detailed review of published academic literature, company reports, newspaper articles, gold mining magazines, and specialist reports with specific emphasis placed on the Central Rand goldfields of the Witwatersrand Basin. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with representatives from the community, civil society organisations and independent experts, using the defunct Princess gold tailings dump in Davidsonville Suburb (West of Johannesburg) as a case study. The literature review of the study has shown that there is environmental pollution (air, water and soil) due to gold tailings dumps in current and historic gold mining areas. These findings were found to be largely consistent with perceptions and concerns of the community members, civil society organisations and subject matter experts. The long-term impacts of this pollution are not only environmental but cause a huge social burden on health and quality of livelihoods. Not only is dust considered a nuisance, particularly in the windy season, but the dust has been proven to contain crystalline silica and radionuclides. The long-term exposure to this dust can lead to skin problems and respiratory illnesses. There is higher exposure of ambient particulate matter (PM10) in areas around tailings even at distances up to 2 km downwind from the tailings dumps. Acid mine drainage, on the other hand, increases metal load in watercourses and soils, ultimately affecting the ecosystems as the metals are toxic to plants. Metal contamination has adverse impacts on animal and human health. In addition to literature survey, results from the semi-structured interviews revealed that there are conflicts between the communities, government and mining companies, with communities associating their health problems with gold mine tailings. This has led to court cases and gained media attention. The complex relationships between mine waste, the environment, and community health and livelihoods are still not well understood, making it difficult to justify and motivate the implementation of meaningful interventions to mitigate risks associated with gold tailings dumps. To date, little attempt appears to have been made to support community concerns and perceptions with factual evidence and information. Overall, this study has demonstrated the existence of longstanding issues associated with defunct gold tailings dumps and the communication gab that existing between various stakeholders, i.e. community, government and mining houses. These emphases the importance of having adequate remedial actions to prevent further pollution, the need to engage all relevant stakeholders when dealing with gold tailings and implementation of regulatory frameworks associated with gold tailings reclamation and rehabilitation.

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Kato, Shuhei. "Contributions of a minerals industry cluster to sustainable development: A case study on human and social capital in Richards Bay, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25062.

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The South African economy has developed with its strong connection to the minerals extraction and processing industries. Rich endowments of coal and a well-established mining sector in the country enabled the generation and supply of competitively priced electricity to energy and capital intensive processing and chemical industries. Although the minerals industry cluster remains globally competitive at the present time, whether it can be a catalyst for sustainable development, economically, socially and environmentally is in question. Field work was carried out in Richards Bay to analyse the development contributions of the local aluminium industry cluster in terms of two of the five capitals essential for sustainable development, viz. human and social capital. This town is the host of world class aluminium smelters as well as mineral sands mining and smelting, amongst other energy intensive industries such as paper pulp and phosphate production. The analysis interrogates the importance of skills development and of collective action between various stakeholders centred on the Hillside smelter of South 32, and including interviews with representatives of ten further stakeholders. Evidence found shows that the minerals industry cluster has contributed to human capital development, and continues to do so, through well-established in-house training and mentorship programmes as well as their corporate social investment into enterprise and supplier development, education and primary health care. However, a more competitive and environmentally responsible industrial cluster would require continuous improvement through institutional and individual capabilities. Research and training institutions and government intervention have important roles to play in this regard. One of the major challenges is rooted in the lack of social capital development in the past. Although no single accepted definition nor standard for measuring exists, social capital can be defined as the norms and networks that enable people to act collectively. The racially segregated development pattern in the region had left residents with huge disparities and a trust deficit. This mitigated against collective actions within the community except in the few cases of natural disaster responses and crime prevention. This is evidenced in the free-riding of skilled labourers by some companies in the region and the failure of socio-economic development programmes in the past due to the low level of community buy-in. The research highlights that the significance of the local minerals industry cluster remains undoubtedly high; however, a facilitative process of social capital development is necessary to promote collective actions. The process requires accountable formal institutions who can mitigate social distrust, create dialogue and a cooperative environment between different interest groups. This is particularly important as the government resource-based industrialisation policy is centralised in developing linkages from extractive sector (downstream, upstream, and side-stream) but little attention has been paid to the aspect of social capital development. It is expected that the study itself contributes to social capital development and works as a communication platform to further promote studies in applying multidisciplinary learning-by-doing process across academia, policymakers, and practitioners.

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Andrade, Gabriela Giselle. "Mineral Resource Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Strategies for Development and Poverty Alleviation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/417.

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Today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ranks extremely low in terms of development indicators even by regional standards. Poverty in the country is exacerbated by the DRC's long-embedded culture of political rent-seeking and corruption, which has historically shaped the government's involvement in the mining sector. By the 1990s, the government's mismanagement of the industrial mining sector led to its decreased productivity and near decline. At the same time, the artisanal mining sector has expanded, and now employs a large amount of the country’s poor. However, many issues remain related to the legal structure governing the artisanal mining sector and opportunities for artisanal miners to sell their products. This thesis explores the potential for transforming mining practices and market structures in the DRC to better promote development and poverty alleviation.

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Arnonkitpanich, Atchariya. "Strategies for maximizing the social benefit from the exploitation of gypsum mineral resource of Thailand." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2019.

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The study begins by investigating Thailand’s administration of its mineral resources and those of some other leading mineral-exporting countries for comparison. The notion of ‘resource curse’, which affects many resource-rich countries, and an analysis how Thailand fought and won the ‘curse’ is critically explored. The principle of sustainable development and its implication to Thailand are presented, together with various computed indicators of sustainable development for Thailand. The role of mineral resources and Hotelling’s model in the context of sustainable development are discussed. The essence of this study is the development of economic models to determine the optimal extraction paths of Thailand’s gypsum resources based on Hotelling's concept of maximizing Net Present Value (NPV) of benefits accrued to the country. This study finds that under all assumptions and all scenarios, at a certain point in time, Thailand should stop exporting its gypsum and devote the remainder of its gypsum resources to domestic consumption only. In addition, Thailand should push gypsum price up to a certain level. The model determining gypsum consumption in Thailand and some countries imported gypsum from Thailand, which are the basis to determine the optimal extraction paths of gypsum in Thailand, is also developed. It shows that the price of gypsum had no effect on its consumption. In other words, the demand for gypsum might be highly inelastic. Finally, the long-term policies for Thailand to manage its gypsum resource are recommended.

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Osman, Imraan Idhris. "The sustainability of corporate social responsibility spend by the South African mining industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22816.

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One of the means South Africa has adopted to redress the social ills of the past is corporate social responsibility. This essentially places the onus on the business community within the country to take accountability of the social ills within the country and implement practices within their organizations to address these ills in a structured and sustainable manner. The extent to which and the manner in which this social obligation is discharged within the mining industry which represents one of the larger industries in the country formed the basis of this research.To this extent, secondary economic data was used of listed mining companies over a five year period to understand the extent to which these companies have been contributing towards the cause of socio-economic upliftment. This data was contrasted against general industry data in an attempt to gauge mining company’s commitment against the other industries operating within the country. In order to understand how CSI is interpreted and executed, 6 specialist interviews were held with senior management officials from different mining companies whilst 2 specific mining projects were considered to test the aspect of sustainability.Based on the results, mining companies similar to other companies within South Africa have demonstrated real commitment to CSI through higher annual year on year contributions. The internal processes and resources committed to CSI signal that companies have recognized the importance of CSI as a key element to their own sustainability. The research further reveals that whilst a lot is being done and continues to be done, it clearly is not enough and the country as a collective needs to consider how best to exploit its CSI resources to ensure it reaches the appropriate needs areas and further focuses more on enterprise development. Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) unrestricted

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Shade, Lindsay. "Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/50.

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This dissertation examines how confusion and lack of access to information about subsurface property rights facilitates the rapid acquisition of mineral rights by mining interests, leaving those who live 'above the surface' to contend with complicated corporate and bureaucratic apparatuses. The research focuses on the first proposed state-run large scale mining project in Ecuador, believed to contain copper ores, and on the natural gas hydrofracking industry in three counties in north central West Virginia. Qualitative and visual methods, including mapping, are employed to determine (i.) how the geography of subsurface ownership patterns is changing, (ii.) links between changes in subsurface ownership and surface ownership, and (iii.) how these changes are facilitated or impeded by institutional and governance practices. Rights and permit acquisitions are facilitated by state institutions, which often have strategic interests in mineral development. Accordingly, this research also considers the role of state strategy with respect to the establishment, bureaucratic management, and enforcement of vertical territory, which reflects the state’s interest in and sovereign claim over subterranean resources to benefit the nation. The research finds that the historical separation of subsurface property rights from the surface is associated with a persistent weakening of surface holder claims to land in favor of mining development, and that this weakening has contributed to the long-term persistence of absentee ownership and control over land in Ecuador and West Virginia. Viewing subsurface land deals from the perspective of those whose lives are disrupted on the surface, I conclude from this work that mundane practices such as deed transfers and local micropolitics about land use are significant factors in the lead up to larger scale violences and silences, such as forced displacement and even political imprisonment of activists opposed to extraction.

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Krausová, Kateřina. "Vliv nerostných surovin na politiku a ekonomiku ve vybraných státech subsaharské Afriky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194090.

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Diplom thesis discusses a question of influence of mineral resources on politics and economics in chosen countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The paradox of low economic development of many resource rich countries significantly engaged in international trade is often discussed by economic experts. I decided to focus on Sub-Saharan Africa because I consider this region to be unable to fully use its potential for economic development despite being very rich in natural resources.Target of this thesis is to find out which natural resources exist in chosen countires, how the countries manage them, how successfull their economic development is, which problems they currently handle and how their current situation is related to their historic, cultural and politic background. For the purpose of my thesis I have chosen Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo and Botswana.

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Stassen, Hettie. "Regte of minerale : 'n boedelbeplanningsanalise / H. Stassen." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4881.

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South Africa entered a new era on 1 May 2004 with the commencement of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (hereafter the MPRDA). Section 3 states that the mineral and petroleum resources are the common heritage of all South Africans. Due to the fact that a new era of mineral rights has been introduced, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the new Act on the process of estate planning. This study is focused to determine which of the rights found in the MPRDA can be classified as assets in an estate, and which of these rights should be discounted for in the process of estate planning that is focused on the inheritance of assets. The study firstly deals with the mineral rights as property in terms of section 25 of the Constitution. After a brief synopsis has been given of the old order mineral rights, the focus falls on the nature and transferability of the new order mineral rights and the implications that the said rights have on the process of estate planning. Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Kola, Trevor Tebogo. "Mineral Beneficiation : a continuing African paradox or a panacea for economic growth and skills development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71589.

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Africa is rich with plentiful mineral resources, yet it is a continent associated with underdevelopment, low economic growth and unskilled labour. Arguments abound that if developing countries added more value to their commodities locally, rather than exporting them to other countries in a raw and unprocessed format, their key economic indicators, such as employment and economic growth, would be enhanced. This study explored debates by scholars and policymakers, who either support or are against the position that mineral beneficiation is a panacea to Africa’s economic challenges. The study explored arguments by scholars and policymakers as to why African countries fail to pursue mineral beneficiation which has subsequently relegated their economies to the bottom end of economic development. The research explored how International Relations (IR) scholars in the past tried to define development. These debates on development were explored using the theoretical frameworks of modernisation and dependency. The study found that these debates, have highlighted the important role which mineral resources play in international relations. Diplomacy and foreign policy were found to be key aspects in the debates on mineral beneficiation in the continent. The study employed a qualitative research approach to explore arguments by scholars and policymakers on whether the continent should beneficiate its mineral resources. Data was collected, analysed and categorised. The findings of the research were discussed based on the themes which emerged from the literature reviewed. The study focused on whether by beneficiating minerals locally, the continent could realise sustainable economic growth for its citizens. The study explored whether debates by scholars, mining industry and government policymakers could dispel or support the argument that mineral beneficiation is a panacea for sustainable economic growth and skills development in the continent. The study found that debates on whether African governments should beneficiate their abundant mineral resources will continue to evolve and develop. Key words: mineral resources; underdevelopment; economic growth; mineral beneficiation; comparative advantage; skills development; employment creation, diplomacy, resource diplomacy, upstream and downstream linkages. Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. University of Pretoria Political Sciences MA Unrestricted

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Masuda, Nobuyuki. "Study on exploration and evaluation systems for mineral resources development." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148310.

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Van, der Schyff Elmarie. "The constitutionality of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 / Elmarie van der Schyff." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1663.

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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA} is premised on the principle that minerals are part of the natural heritage of all South Africans. Section 3 of the MPRDA articulates the core of the new mineral law dispensation. Through the provisions of the said section, new concepts are introduced to the field of mineral law previously governed by the South African common law system of private ownership, based on Roman-Dutch principles. The study focused on section 3 of the MPRDA and the consequences ensuing from its implementation. Consequently, a historical overview of the development of South African mineral law was followed by an exposition of the development of the constitutional property concept. It was concluded that mineral rights from the previous dispensation constitute property protected by section 25 of the Constitution. It was also found that the development encapsulated in the MPRDA in respect of the ownership of the country's unsevered minerals, is indicative of the decline of private property. It is substituted by a line of thought which recognises that certain interests 'are held in common' by the nation. This idea is also found in inter alia the National Water Act 36 of 1998 and the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998. This led to the next section of the research where the concept of custodial sovereignty as manifested in the Anglo-American public trust doctrine was studied. It was apparent that the public trust doctrine is a legal construct whereby ownership of certain assets vests in the state, to be administered on behalf of the nation and generations yet to come. The historical survey of the Roman concepts of res publicae and res omnium communes indicated that although this doctrine is not part of South Africa's common law heritage, principles underlying the doctrine found application in South African law in respect of the seashore. The conclusion was reached that the doctrine has indeed been incorporated in South African mineral law by the MPRDA, constituting a new mineral law regime in the country. Due to the fact that a new mineral law dispensation was introduced, mineral rights as they existed in the previous mineral law dispensation were annihilated. It was, therefore, necessary to determine whether this annihilation resulted in the expropriation of property. Consequently the content of the concept 'expropriation' was studied in order to determine whether the previously held mineral rights were expropriated. The study indicated that expropriation entails the acquisition of property by the state, but that ample room exists for the development of the concept of constructive expropriation. Based on the information gained on the concept of expropriation, the consequences ensuing from the MPRDA for the holders of common law mineral rights and old order rights and the impact of the MPRDA on ownership of landowners were analysed. It was indicated that the extent of the deprivation brought about by the MPRDA varies between expropriation and the regulation of mining activities. The significance of section 3 of the MPRDA for the people of South Africa was analysed and it was found that the newly introduced doctrine can be applied to the advantage of the nation as a whole. A separate section of the research entailed a limited comparative analysis of Canadian mining law that focused on constitutional jurisdiction over minerals in the Canadian mining regime and the taking of property interests in minerals. It is proposed that the South African expropriation concept should develop along the lines followed in Canadian jurisprudence. After considering the abovementioned aspects, the final conclusion of the study is that the concepts introduced by and the consequences emanating from the implementation of section 3 of the MPRDA are constitutionally justifiable. Thesis (LL.D (Indigenous Law)) -- North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Nguyen, Tien Hoang. "Development of transformation method of multispectral imagery into hyperspectral imagery for detailed identification of metal and geothermal resources-related minerals." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227611.

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Hartzer, Suzette. "The liability of historical mine authorization holders for rehabilitation / Suzette Hartzer." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8386.

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Historically, irresponsible mining companies have escaped their duty to rehabilitate. The Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act does not oblige mining companies to rehabilitate if their operations ceased before the Minerals Act came into force. In the court case De Beers Consolidated Mines v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd and others 2006 1 SA 432 (T), the court held that the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act is not applicable to tailings dumps that were created through mining that had been conducted under the Minerals Act. This ruling leaves unanswered the question about who would be liable to rehabilitate old order tailings dumps once such tailings dumps are re-mined or not mined at all. The aim of this dissertation is to determine whether companies that ceased mining operations before the Mineral Petroleum Resources Development Act came into effect could be held liable for rehabilitation by introducing the scenario that applied in the De Beers court case. Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

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Heyns, Anri. "Empowerment through mine community development: how the politics of development perpetuate poverty in mining areas – a legal theoretical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32685.

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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (“MPRDA”) and the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (“Mining Charter”), created in terms of the MPRDA, aim to address the exploitative legacies of past discriminatory practices in the mining industry. Impoverished mining communities stand to benefit from empowerment under the Mining Charter in the form of mine community development – one of the elements that constitute a mining right holder's commitment under the Mining Charter. Despite this legislative intervention and the relative wealth generated by the extraction of mineral resources, poverty and conflict have become the stereotypical images associated with mining areas. This project aims to determine why the empowerment of mining communities through mine community development perpetuates poverty from the past and creates new inequalities. To answer this main question, it is considered how the historical context within which the relevant policy and legislation were created, affected legislative drafting. Second, the effects of promoting development and empowerment in legislative provisions are explored to determine which worldviews and underlying values are being promoted by the legislative instruments under discussion. Furthermore, it is considered how these worldviews and underlying values affect how mining communities, subjected to harsh socio-economic living conditions, are depicted in legislative provisions. Here, it is specifically considered what the notion of “community” signifies in a development context and how “community” is represented in legislation. The thesis is a theoretical exposition of the ideological assumptions underlying the concepts “development”, “empowerment”, “community” and “poverty”. It is shown that “mine community development” is an inherently contradictory notion in South African law. The development paradigm implies the universalisation of values, effectively creating “the poor”, and causing vagueness and paradoxes. It results not only in a perpetuation of poverty and inequality from the past but also in the creation of new inequalities, as is evident in the differentiation drawn by the Mining Charter between different types of communities in mining areas. Measures currently being enforced by the legislation under discussion, are in desperate need of reconsideration.

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Altamirano, Nelson. "Essays on mining countries : Dutch disease, development and copper markets /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975891.

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Dafel, Jacobus Christian. "Communication and strategic human resources development as part of culture establishment in a heavy minerals industry." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/945.

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Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. According to Grobler, et al (2005:315) organisational learning is a characteristic of an adaptive organisation, i.e. an organisation that is able to sense changes in signals from its environment (both internal and external). One of Ticor South Africa's1 (TSA) corporate values is to be a learning organisation. This implies that the organisation actively creates, captures, transfers and mobilises knowledge which enables it to adapt to a changing environment TSA utilise an interactive learning strategy. This strategy enabled positional competence which ensures that individuals are empowered to carry out their jobs. The learning strategy implemented utilises strategic human resources in development and learning management Its foundation and supports a philosophy of organisational culture. This study focuses on the field of organisational communication mat includes management The study describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organisation. The Wikipedia . website (2009:http/en.wikipedia.org/wi3d/ Organisational culture#cite-note-hill iones-Q#cite_note-hill iones-0) states that it deals with a specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organisation. It controls the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organisation. In any new dynamic organisation the diverse background of a new workforce and their cultural differences creates a purist culture. This also adds to the implementation of the organisation's vision. Diverse cultures traditionally impact on the implementation of the learning strategy, this hamper cultural competence. The first part of this study examines the establishment of a new heavy minerals mine in a quasi rural area; this is then followed by a short study of what is viewed as best practices in terms of organisational development Subsequent chapters deal with the construction and implementation of an integrative learning strategy which not only addresses strategic human resources development but also on site learning management. The penultimate chapter's looks at two culture surveys which the author designed and conducted in 2004/5, as well as a safety climate culture survey 2005 and an organisational culture analysis 2006. This was conducted in conjunction with an on-site consultant The findings of said surveys provided a pattern which substantiated the conclusion and recommendations obtained from the quantitative research methodology used.

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Esteves, Cristina Campos 1976. "O regime jurídico das águas minerais na Constituição de 1988." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286755.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Esteves_CristinaCampos_D.pdf: 3209316 bytes, checksum: 61d3eec784fef7e3b823973b0520be08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Resumo: Na atualidade, a regulamentação jurídica das águas minerais no Brasil é realizada pelas normas do Código de Águas Minerais - Decreto-lei nº 7.841, de 8 de agosto de 1945 - que expressamente submete a gestão destas águas ao Código de Mineração - Decreto-lei nº 227, de 28 de fevereiro de 1967. Para a lei vigente, as águas minerais são preponderantemente consideradas um recurso mineral que produz efeitos medicamentosos nos termos do conceito objeto do art.1º do Código de Águas Minerais. O conceito aludido tem origem histórica e foi positivado no Brasil com fundamento na ciência da Crenologia segundo o modelo europeu vigente à época. Todavia, com o advento da Constituição da República de 1988, o conceito em vigência do que seja água mineral e seu regime jurídico deixaram de ser recepcionados. A nova ordem constitucional atribuiu a toda água a natureza jurídica de bem de uso comum do povo, determinando sua inclusão na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e gestão por meio do Sistema Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. A alteração do paradigma é sustentada pelas mudanças perpetradas na realidade. Sabe-se atualmente que todas as águas hão de ser compreendidas como parte de um único todo em razão dos mecanismos do ciclo hidrológico. Assim, a gestão das águas, da mesma forma, há de ser objeto de um sistema único em razão da necessidade premente de conhecermos os reais volumes explotados deste recurso indispensável à vida humana como forma de materialização de uma gestão responsiva e sustentável que assegure a existência das futuras gerações. Historicamente as águas minerais deixaram de ser usadas como medicamentos em razão do desenvolvimento da farmacologia. Nos dias atuais o crescimento da demanda por água mineral guarda relação com o aumento da população indicando a preponderância do uso alimentício deste recurso que hoje é objeto de múltiplos usos. Nesse contexto, a água mineral não há de fazer jus a gestão que a separe das demais águas, devendo ser compreendida como recurso ambiental multifuncional de uso comum de todos Abstract: Nowadays, the legal regulation of mineral water in Brazil is carried out by the rules of the of Mineral Waters Code - Decree-Law No. 7841 of August 8, 1945 - which expressly submits the management of these waters to the Mining Code - Decree-Law No. 227 of February 28, 1967. Under current law, mineral waters are mainly considered a mineral resource that produces pharmacological effects in terms of the concept objectified in art. 1st of the Mineral Waters Code. The aforementioned concept has historical origin and was embodied in law in Brazil based on mineral waters science and according to the European model prevailing at the time. Nevertheless, with the arrival of the 1988 Constitution, the once prevailing concept of what was considered mineral water and its legal status were no longer approved. The new constitutional order conveyed to all water the legal nature of asset for the common use of the people, determining its inclusion in the National Water Resources Policy and its management through the National System of Water Resources. The paradigm shift is supported by the changes enacted in reality. It is now known that all waters are to be understood as part of a single whole because the mechanisms of the hydrological cycle. Thus, water management, likewise, is subject to a single system because of the pressing need to know the actual explored volumes of this resource so essential to human life as a form of materialization of a responsive and sustainable management that assures existence to future generations Historically mineral waters stopped being used as drugs due to the development of pharmacology. Currently the growing demand for bottled water is related to population growth indicating the preponderance of the feeding use of water that today is subject to multiple uses. In this context, mineral water is not to follow the management that separates it from other waters, unless it is included within the National System of Water Resources Management - SNGRH object of the National Policy of Water Resources provided by the 1988 Constitution. In this context, mineral water is not to follow the management that separates it from other waters, it should be understood as a multifunctional environmental resource for the common use of all Doutorado Geologia e Recursos Naturais Doutora em Geociências

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Park, Sang-Jeong. "Investigation of factors influencing the determination of discount rate in the economic evaluation of mineral development projects." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292009-082936/.

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Cabral, Junior Marsis. "Caracterização dos arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) de base mineral no Estado de São Paulo : subsidios a mineração paulista." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287564.

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Orientadores: Saul Barisnik Suslick, Wilson Suzigan Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CabralJunior_Marsis_D.pdf: 5609877 bytes, checksum: 978d50082b985031a317042602b4f919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 RESUMO: O presente estudo enfoca as características econômicas, tecnológicas e de gestão da indústria mineral do Estado de São Paulo, buscando-se comprovar que esse setor e determinadas atividades de transformação agregadas apresentam acentuada tendência de se concentrar geograficamente, constituindo arranjos produtivos locais - APLs de base mineral. Os trabalhos são orientados para o reconhecimento sistemático das aglomerações e aferição de sua importância no contexto da indústria mineral paulista, pelo que se tornou necessário o estabelecimento de uma metodologia de mapeamento. Uma vez identificadas as aglomerações, é sugerido um conjunto de políticas para seu fomento e o desenvolvimento em bases sustentáveis do setor mineral no Estado. A indústria mineral paulista é caracterizada como uma atividade econômica constituída dominantemente por pequenas e médias empresas, com produção voltada ao mercado interno, e que se desenvolveu dando suporte ao crescimento urbano e industrial do Estado. A dotação mineral associada a fatores como proximidade de mercados, infra-estrutura privilegiada e cultura empresarial tem conduzido a formação de aglomerados produtivos. Os procedimentos adotados para identificação estatística, mapeamento e caracterização tipológica dessas aglomerações incorporam conceitos e determinantes aplicados sobretudo na Indústria de Transformação (quociente locacional - QL, participação relativa do emprego região/estado e número mínimo de estabelecimentos), sendo ajustados e complementados por parametrização da especialização produtiva específica para a Indústria Mineral. São reconhecidos 30 potenciais APLs, com especialização em 10 substâncias minerais, sobressaindo-se os de águas minerais, areia e brita para construção civil, argilas para fins cerâmicos, e rochas carbonáticas. É comum também o encadeamento de atividades econômicas de transformação, sendo mais proeminentes junto à mineração de agregados, onde se articulam concentrações de empresas de artefatos de concreto, nos mínero-cerâmicos, nos quais a produção de argila abastece as expressivas aglomerações de cerâmica vermelha e de revestimentos, além da indústria de águas minerais. Os números de empregos e de estabelecimentos atestam a significativa magnitude dos APLs identificados no cômputo do setor mineral, constatando-se que 75% desses parâmetros estão concentrados em suas aglomerações, o que demonstra que o desenvolvimento do setor e dos segmentos de transformação associados tem como fator decisivo a consolidação de seus arranjos produtivos. O fato de vários APLs terem peso significativo em seus segmentos e (ou) nas economias dos seus territórios reforça o papel de destaque que podem desempenhar na implementação de políticas setoriais, bem como no desenvolvimento de suas localidades, concorrendo para uma ascensão econômica e social mais equânime do Estado de São Paulo. Para a promoção dos APLs são elaboradas diretrizes para políticas públicas e ações empresariais nas várias dimensões que interferem na sua competitividade, incluindo-se o fortalecimento da governança local, estímulo a cooperação, engajamento do poder público local, facilitação do acesso a reservas minerais, conhecimento do mercado, aprimoramento e inovação de processos e produtos, aperfeiçoamento das capacitações, mobilização de competências e atividades complementares circundantes, valorização da identidade do APL e de funções comerciais, apoio creditício, e adoção de programas de produção mais limpa. ABSTRACT: The present study focuses on the economic, technological and management characteristics of the mining industry of the State of Sao Paulo, aimed to demonstrate that this sector and some aggregated manufacturing industries present a strong trend to form a spatial concentration of firms, constituting the so-called mining based local productive agglomerations. This research consisted of a systematic appraisal of the mining based local productive agglomerations and the evaluation of their importance for the mining industry. In order to pursue these goals, it was necessary to set up a methodology for the identification of potential local productive agglomerations. Once identified these agglomerations, the next step comprises a set of policies for promoting their competitiveness and the sustainable development of the mining sector. The mining industry in Sao Paulo is characterized as an economic activity dominated by both small and medium firms, whose production profile supplies mainly the regional domestic market that, historically, have been directly connected to the urban and industrial growth of Sao Paulo. The mineral endowment associated with some other favorable factors, such as markets vicinity, privileged infrastructure and entrepreneurial culture, have resulted in the creation of local productive agglomerations. The procedures adopted for statistical identification, mapping and typological characterization of these agglomerations incorporated concepts and some determinants applied to the manufacturing industry (indices of specialization, relative participation of employment in a regional level as compared to a state level, and minimum number of firms). The values of theses determinants had to be adjusted and combined with specific parameters of the productive specialization for the mining industry, considering different types of raw materials. Thirty potential local productive agglomerations with specialization in ten non-metallic minerals were recognized. Among them, mineral water, sand, crushed stone, ceramic clays, and carbonate rocks are highlighted. The forward chaining of the mining activities linked with the manufacturing industry is also very common. This situation is far more developed in the context of the mineral aggregate extractive sector - which presents a forward linkage with some concentrations of firms for concrete products. The same situation appears in the clay mining - that supply the expressive tiles and structural ceramics agglomerations - and in the mineral water industry. The number of employment and firms in the mining industry is an important indicator, where 75% of these parameters are concentrated in these agglomerations. The results pointed out that the development of the sector and the associated manufacturing activities depends on the consolidation of their local productive agglomerations. Considering that several of these agglomerations have a significant weight in their own productive segments and the local economies, they play an important role in the performance of sectorial policies, as well as in the local/regional development. In this regard, they can also contribute to a more equitable economic and social development of Sao Paulo. In order to improving the competitiveness of these agglomerations, guidelines for public policies and enterprises' actions are presented, including: the reinforcement of the local governance, stimulation of the cooperation, local government support, the access to mineral reserves, market knowledge, processes and products innovation, technical capability and training, skills and complementary services mobilization in the surrounding areas, recognition of the value of the agglomeration's identity, capital availability, and adoption of clean production programs. Doutorado Geologia e Recursos Naturais Doutor em Ciências

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Gyogluu, Sarah. "Planning and development of mining towns in Ghana: an exploration of mining and urban development frameworks and practices." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1446.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University Of Technology 2013 Ghana has had a long history of mining especially with respect to gold, dating back to the Trans-Saharan Trade where gold precipitated civilisations and was a main commodity of trade among Europeans, merchants and ancient kingdoms. In the 21st century, globalisation coupled with increasing urbanisation has been driving demand for mineral resources and thus the resurging commodity booms. This increases foreign direct investment (FDI) in mining countries like Ghana resulting in not only growth in gross domestic product (GDP) but impacts that transcend macro-level and have direct and indirect impacts on communities in mining regions. The result is often that livelihoods are altered, spin-offs on the local economy emerge and the attendant settlement functions impact on the efficacy of existing mining and development planning and regulatory frameworks. Tarkwa is one of Ghana’s traditional gold mining towns and is the substantive context of the research. The main objectives of the research were:  To identify the existing key mining and development planning regulations, gaps present and how these have impacted on the efficacy of governments management practices in responding to consequences of mining-led development.  To analyse the urban household’s perceptions of mining impacts on livelihoods, business enterprises and livelihood coping strategies and mechanisms.  To assess the implications of these emerging planning and development frameworks and trends for the effective planning and development of mining towns in Ghana The highlights of the findings of the research in relation to the above objectives included:  The research revealed that urban households’ perception of mining on their livelihoods was mixed. One of the perceived negative impacts of mining that stuck out from overall responses was scarcity of land for purposes of farming and building.  With respect to coping with mining impacts, respondents largely employed a combination of assets to survive the mining environment. However, respondents’ dependence on human capital-that is, their ability to work and generate income underpinned all livelihoods capitals.  Over 96 percent of business enterprises, perceived purchasing power of people and related available or potential market as the most positive spin-off from mining yet. The informal economy was dominant in terms of business enterprise ownership with informal trading as the most principal form of business enterprise in the informal economy. The research findings have significant meaning within the broad context of mining-led urban development and with implications for theory, the development and planning for resource-driven settlements (practice) and for further research. For example, with regard to development and planning practice, some glaring challenges include the lack of a proper land management system, “superiority” of some institutions (mine houses)in dealing with the Town and Planning Department and Municipal Assembly, lack of effective collaboration between related institutions, gaps in planning legislations make planning near impossible in Tarkwa. The effect being that Tarkwa is growing (spatially to accommodate businesses and people coming in) but without an effective and responsive development planning system to effectively channel and coordinate this growth so that long term development is sustained. The study concludes and recommends that, there is need for a rethink in the way mining towns are planned for and developed in Ghana and should include: a review of the Minerals and Mining law (Act 703) to engender more rights and protection to the communities, a constant review of concession and other agreements to reflect a constantly changing world order, institutional collaboration for planning and development, and long term planning which synchronises spatial and economic planning to capture advantages of agglomeration in and around the Tarkwa mining region.

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Haynes, Michael J. "Mining, dependence, and post-independence urbanisation in Botswana : sustainable development?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15422.

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Bibliography: leaves 187-197. Botswana has been considered as one of the few post-independence development successes in Africa. The country's recent status is attributable to the growth of the minerals sector, with diamonds and copper/nickel matte forming the basis of exports and government development revenues. Mining has not only been responsible for boosting export earnings, but has also stimulated most recent urbanisation, resulting in the some of the highest urban growth rates in sub-Saharan Africa. The problem of urban in-migration has been compounded by a bias in development expenditure, with the towns receiving a disproportionately large share of scarce resources. All new towns since independence have been established as service centres for the mines, with limited wider development occurring. Resultant vulnerability and instability in the urban sphere has been reflected in the case of Selebi-Phikwe, where a decline in the copper/nickel industry has threatened the future integrity of the town. That mining has not contributed towards development which is sustainable over the long terms calls into question, the resilience of Botswana's progress. A political-economic analysis of the development history of Botswana indicates a continuity between colonial neglect and the migrant labour system, and the current problems of dependence on the mining sector and external employment opportunities. The reasons for the dearth in diversified productive activity in mining towns in Botswana are related to an externally orientated development policy, with dependence on the world mineral markets. As the mining industry is based on the extraction of finite, non-renewable resources and is susceptible to fluctuations in mineral pricing, towns exclusively based on mining are latently unstable and have similarly finite lives. The problem is compounded by the lack of a local entrepreneurial class capable of stimulating the 'modern' sector which is related to the historical lack of an urban elite in the country. Given that there has been minimal associated development of productive opportunities outside of the primary sector in Selebi-Phikwe, the Government has instituted a crisis management strategy to deal with the situation. Proposals to diversify the economic base of Selebi-Phikwe are focused on attracting foreign investment, as a means of stimulating local, export-orientated industrialisation. As the incentives for locating in the town are primarily based on cheap, malleable, labour supplies, transnational investment is likely to be of a highly mobile nature and is unlikely to sustain employment and development in Selebi-Phikwe Certain conclusions are drawn from the experience of Selebi-Phikwe: Firstly, the problem of continuity in Selebi-Phikwe has historical roots indicating that short term panaceas are unlikely and that structural solutions are needed. Secondly, the town's fate holds important implications for the maintenance and support of the wider urban system in Botswana. Thirdly, expectations of indefinite economic prosperity have been generated in part, by continual Government emphasis on urban infrastructural development, something which is potentially problematic given the potential for urban discontinuity. A more rational evaluation of the urban sector in Botswana is required. With the precarious foundations of urbanisation in Botswana borne in mind, surplus revenues generated by mining should be channelled into rural employment creation rather than urban areas. An approach which treats the urban question in its entirety is required. There is thus a real need for a national development programme which integrates population and environmental policy with rural and urban sector planning, and which bases future development on the criteria of equity and sustainability.

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Taljaard, Johanna Catherina Petronella. "Invloed van die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 op boedelbeplanning en boedelbereddering / deur Johanna Catherina Petronella Taljaard." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/559.

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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act introduced a new mining law dispensation. This Act has implications for mineral right holders. Up to 1 May 2004, the right to prospect or mine vested in the holder of the mineral right concerned under the system of private ownership as set out in the Minerals Act 50 of 1991. The 2002 Act which is premised on the principle that minerals as a natural resource are part of the natural heritage of all South Africans, eliminates the concept of private ownership of mineral rights and vests the right to prospect or mine exclusively in the state. Mineral rights were always assets in the estate of a person and were handled in the administration of the estate. The question is whether mineral rights and royalties are still assets of the estate under the 2002 Act. New applicants under the 2002 Act will have to apply directly to the state for the right to prospect and mine, regardless of the identity of the previous holder of the relevant right. Holders of existing (old order) rights will have an opportunity to ensure the ongoing validity of these rights by complying with the conversion criteria contained in the 2002 Act. New order rights issued or converted under the 2002 Act differ from old order rights insofar as their duration, transferability, mortgage ability and the royalties payable thereon. Although the new order rights are still referred to as limited real rights in article 5 of the 2002 Act, these converted rights are more restricted in content. These new order rights cannot be ceded, transferred, let, sublet, assigned, alienated or otherwise disposed of without the written consent of the minister. Except for the transitional arrangements in Schedule 2, the 2002 Act would terminate the notion and use of the vehicle of mineral rights. When comparing the new order rights to the old order rights, the question of deprivation and expropriation arises. It is not clear exactly when a claim for compensation for expropriation of property arises and what the term of the period of prescription would be. The duration of the new prospecting right and mining right are statutorily regulated. In drawing a comparison between the old order and the new order rights, a distinction may be drawn between: (a) Situations where the holder of the old order right would be successful with his application for conversion to a new order right; (b) Situations where the holder of the old order right was unsuccessful with the application for a conversion of rights; (c) Situations where the holder chooses not to apply for conversions at all. Financial benefits to be derived from former mineral rights are also affected. The right to receive royalties may be protected under the constitutional property clause and a withdrawal of these rights from the private sphere and the assignment thereof to the state may represent a deprivation of property in the constitutional sense. Royalties to communities and natural persons may continue to them after the 2002 Act, but the position of legal entities and trust remain insecure. All these changes will affect the estate and the estate planning of the landowner and the holder of mineral rights. In this mini-dissertation all the important provisions regarding estate planning will receive attention. Transferability of the new order rights, royalties, and the effect of the new law on the value of property in the estate, will be looked at. Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Yaxley, Stuart. "Development and integration of novel smart sacrificial sensors into critical wear situations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13283.

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Erasmus, Lourens Johannes. "Protection of landowners' rights in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 / Erasmus LJ." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8096.

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Since the enactment of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) a fundamental conflict arose between the rights of a holder of either a prospecting or a mining right, and that of a landowner. On the one hand this can be explained by having regard to the impact the granting of a prospecting or a mining right may have on the rights of the landowner to whose land such a right relates. On the other hand, section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution), provides for the protection of property to a certain extent. The protection that the Constitution affords to a landowner, together with the rights granted to the holder of a prospecting or a mining right by the MPRDA, is the cause of such a fundamental conflict. It is against this background that this study seeks to determine to what extent the MPRDA provides for the protection of a landowner's rights, having regard to the rights granted to the holder of a prospecting or a mining right, which is considered against the protection of property as afforded by the Constitution. Thesis (LLM (Environmental Law and Governance))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Ellis, Maryke Louise. "Potential impact of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill on investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15747.

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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill has drawn criticism from industry experts and the press. There are a number of amendments that could be damaging to future investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry. This study examines the key changes brought about by the Bill, South Africa's fiscal terms, how the fiscal terms are impacted by the Bill and current activity in South Africa's upstream oil and gas sector. The report then focuses on the most significant change made by the Bill, which is the level of State Participation. A fit for purpose economic model was built and the resulting cash flows were used to calculate the economic indicators presented in the results. The results from the model indicate how the increase in State Participation levels affects the ranking of South Africa's fiscal terms and the profitability of hypothetical investment opportunities. When ranked on fiscal terms, the country moves from having some of the best terms in Africa without the new Bill, to a position where the fiscal terms can be described as average or even onerous, depending on the interpretation of the State Participation clause. Accordingly, the result of the hypothetical investment opportunity has very positive economic indicators without the changes from the new Bill. If the most optimistic interpretation of the State Participation clause is modelled, the opportunity is less attractive but still viable and if the most pessimistic interpretation is modelled, the opportunity would not warrant investment. Even though South Africa has limited reserves, significant exploration activity is taking place under the existing legal and fiscal framework. If the Bill is implemented in its current format, it is likely that the country will see a significant decline in investment in the upstream oil and gas industry. Attracting new investment by international oil and gas companies in an environment governed by the terms of the proposed Bill will be challenging.

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Nikolaou, John. "Developing a model for effective community development agreements in the extractive industries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2142.

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Natural resource development has tremendous potential to create inclusive economic growth in countries well-endowed with oil, mineral, and agricultural resources. At the same time, natural resource development can cause negative environmental externalities, and, in several cases, extractives companies can engage in labor abuse. The intersection of the government’s and the corporation’s interest can lie in Corporate Social Responsibility Projects.This thesis will analyze an alternative model of CSR: community development agreements (CDAs). CDAs are voluntary, or sometimes government mandated, agreements between the project developer and the project affected community that define company commitments to issues such as environmental impact mitigation, benefit sharing, and local employment, for example. The objective of this thesis is to review the theoretical underpinnings of CDA process, analyze the application of CDAs in several case studies, and develop a framework of best practices for CDAs based on those analyses.

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Göcks, Nara Raquel Alves. "A mineração de agregados para a construção civil no novo marco regulatório : tratamento (in) diferenciado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1142.

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A presente pesquisa examina a mineração de agregados para a construção civil e o tratamento dispensado no processo legislativo que visa instituir um novo marco regulatório para mineração brasileira. O escopo da pesquisa é verificar a pertinência de tratamento específico aos agregados minerais sob a ótica do princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável. A metodologia aplicada evidencia ser fundamental contextualizar a proposta legal, conceituar e compreender os bens e a atividade minerária, diferenciando os minerais agregados dos demais minérios. Verificadas suas especificidades, a mineração de agregados é analisada sob a ótica da sustentabilidade. O referencial teórico de José Eli da Veiga, na obra “Desenvolvimento sustentável: o desafio do século XXI” orienta a pesquisa no sentido de tecer as relações da atividade com o meio ambiente e a dignidade da pessoa humana. A pesquisa ressalta os impactos causados pela atividade, negativos ao meio ambiente e positivos no alcance da melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. O estudo faz referência ao Direito Mineral Brasileiro e estudar o PL n. 5.087/2013 e seu substitutivo, reivindica aporte sobre políticas públicas e acerca do processo legislativo em tramitação. Ao final analisa os regimes de aproveitamento mineral, especificando o regime da autorização, a pesquisa mineral, a proposta acerca de ordenamento territorial mineral, a compensação financeira sobre a exploração mineral (CFEM) e quanto ao poder concedente dos direitos minerários. Pode-se concluir e confirmar a hipótese levantada que a legislação sempre privilegiou os minerais agregados dada sua essencialidade no alcance da melhoria da qualidade de vida, sendo imprescindível que seja mantido este direcionamento no tratamento deste bem social para alcance da sustentabilidade, enquanto preceito em processo de construção. Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-05-11T16:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nara Raquel Alves Gocks.pdf: 4504291 bytes, checksum: 4e6e0c176e65d2d97e7d3b8500a3acc6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T16:08:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nara Raquel Alves Gocks.pdf: 4504291 bytes, checksum: 4e6e0c176e65d2d97e7d3b8500a3acc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-11 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. The research presents an approach of mining of aggregates for construction and the treatment designated in the legislative process which is being prepared to establish a New Regulatory Framework for Brazilian Mining. The scope of the research is to verify the relevance of specific treatment to mineral aggregates from the perspective of sustainable development. The applied methodology showed to be critical to contextualize the legal proposal, conceptualize and understand the assets and mining activities, differentiating the mineral aggregates of other mineral resources. Due to its specificities, mining of aggregates was analyzed from the perspective of sustainability. The theoretical reference of José Eli da Veiga, in the book "Sustainable development: the challenge of the XXI century" has oriented the research in order to identify relations of mining of aggregates to the environment and human dignity. The research highlighted the impacts caused by mining of aggregates, negative for the environment and positive due to improving quality of life. The study refers to The Brazilian Mineral Law, the Law Project n° 5087/2013, and its replacement, that inputs public policy. At the end, mineral exploitation regimes were analyzed, specifying the “regime of authorization”, mineral exploration, the proposal concerning mineral land planning, the financial compensation for mineral exploration (CFEM) and the mining rights. It was possible to conclude and confirm the hypothesis that the law has always privileged the mineral aggregates given its essentiality to improve quality of life and it is essential to maintain this condition to achieve sustainability while precept in process of construction.

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Mnwana, Sonwabile Comfords. "Participation and paradoxes: community control of mineral wealth in South Africa's Royal Bafokeng and Bakgatla Ba Kgafela communities." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/526.

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Resource control as a form of community participation in the mineral economy has gained much recognition. One prevailing argument is that direct control of natural resources by local communities is an important precondition for equitable utilisation of the natural resource wealth, peaceful co-existence between mining corporations and indigenous communities, and congenial relations between local communities and the state. Studies have also shown that the absence of direct community control of mineral wealth remains a major factor in the communal resistance and socio-political conflict witnessed in the natural resource-endowed regions of countries such as Nigeria, Ecuador, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, little is known about mineral resource control at the community level. Does community control necessarily translate to equity? How does local involvement in the mobilisation of mining royalties benefit different segments of the community? Indeed, how do different segments of the community “control” the wealth? What is the specific model adopted to engender broad-based community participation in the utilisation of mineral wealth – and does it matter? These theoretical and practical questions were the impetus for undertaking this study in the Royal Bafokeng and Bakgatla Ba Kgafela – two platinum-rich ‘traditional’ communities in South Africa’s North West Province that have significant control over platinum resources in their territories. Utilising ethnographic data collected in the two study communities in 2008 and 2009, the thesis examines the character of community participation in platinum wealth utilisation; specifically, the conditions under which community participation promotes or hinders sustainable community development. The analysis uses a “three-dimensional participation ladder” conceptual scheme, based in part on Sherry Arnstein’s (1969) “ladder of citizen participation” and subsequent typologies of participation. Among the key findings of the thesis are that despite observed benefits, the interface of resource wealth and community development is fraught with tokenistic participation, elite-targeted grassroots anger, and local tensions – all linked to the contradictory nature of participation. The thesis further reveals that in some instances the challenge of platinum wealth-engendered community development tends to undermine existing customary and democratic spaces for participation, and that this is exacerbated by community-level issues such as poverty and inequality. The findings of the study compel a shift of analytical focus from conflict as an epiphenomenon of collective community exclusion and deprivation (as in the case of many natural-rich countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere), to conflict as also resulting from collective community inclusion (in natural resource utilisation). At the policy level, the study generates insights that will, hopefully, assist mineral resource-endowed countries, such as South Africa, in dealing with the challenge of developing appropriate policy frameworks for regulating business and social partnerships between local communities and mining corporations, and within resource-rich communities themselves.

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Terlien, Damien. "A social and economic impact assessment of the South African mineral and petroleum resources development act on the small-scale diamond mining sector." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7971.

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Includes bibliographical references. The small-scale mining (SSM) sector in South Africa has been overshadowed by the wealth generating capacity of the formal mining industry. To address the disparity between the SSM sector and the large formal mining industry, a number of government initiatives have been introduced, the latest being the preparation of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28, which was finalized in October 2002. The Act, which has not yet been implemented, is expected to redress some of the sector's current obstacles. Two case studies conducted in the Northern Cape and North West Provinces, provided the basis for this social impact assessment (SIA). The aim of these studies was to identfy the most serious issues faced by the SSM sector and to assess the likely socio-econiomic impacts of the Act.

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Hisada, Toru. "Indigenous development and self-determination in West Papua : socio-political and economic impacts of mining upon the Amungme and Kamoro communities of West Papua /." Saarbrücken, Germany : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/DCARead?standardNoType=1&standardNo=9783639031560:srcdbname=worldcat:fromExternal=true&sessionid=0.

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Orellana, Fuentes Claudia Alejandra. "L'évaluation comptable des réserves et ressources des entreprises de l'industrie extractive." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021539.

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Cette recherche apporte une contribution à la problématique de l'évaluation économique et comptable des actifs de réserves et de ressources de l'industrie extractive. Elle vise à répondre à la question suivante: Quelles sont les valeurs économiques des réserves et des ressources qui sont appréhendées par la comptabilité d'entreprise et quelles sont, en cas de choix entre plusieurs types de valeurs, les raisons de ces choix?Elle montre dans sa première partie qu'il n'existe qu'une correspondance partielle entre les valeurs économiques et les valeurs comptables, ce qui privilégie la théorie économique néoclassique. Elle montre dans sa deuxième partie que diverses méthodes comptables cohabitent au sein des six pays étudiés en considération des intérêts des entreprises majors et juniors de cette industrie. La troisième partie de la thèse analyse le processus de normalisation de l'IASB et souligne l'influence du pouvoir des majors et l'influence indirecte exercée par les juniors. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le prolongement de la recherche en comptabilité critique.

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Ramushu, Mahlatse Rosinah. "The socio-economic impact of Modikwa Platinum Mine on the Maandagshoek Community with reference to the applicable mining law framework." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/406.

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Watungwa, Ostern. "An investigation into strategy implementation : the case of the Zimbabwe mining development corporation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95971.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to investigate the challenges to effective strategy implementation at the Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC). Strategic planning is argued to have overshadowed the area of actual strategic implementation. Organisations put a lot of effort into drafting good plans, but do not put equal effort into their realisation. It was assumed that there is a big gap between strategic planning and implementation. This is what drove the researcher to go into the field and explore the situation at the ZMDC in greater depth in a bid to bridge the gap through research on the subject matter. Literature on strategy and strategy implementation was analysed critically. The research was guided by the post-positivism research philosophy. This research paradigm enabled the use of qualitative methods, which facilitated the interaction with respondents. The case study research design was adopted, as the research sought to discover the impediments to strategy implementation and the best way forward in turning the strategies on paper into action. The major findings were that there indeed were loopholes in strategy implementation at the ZMDC. The challenges to the strategy implementation process at the ZMDC were noted to be poor delegation, lack of training and development, poor ethical values, limited resources, low motivation of employees, poor communication and coordination, lack of control and poor teamwork. The organisation was noted to have deficient communication processes, which contributed to the challenges facing strategy implementation. The findings brought to light the fact that strategic planning starts with the executive management, hence the need for their commitment to owning the entire process of strategic planning and execution. The study revealed limited involvement of staff in the initial stages of developing strategy. In order to enhance the implementation of strategies, it was recommended that motivational leadership at the ZMDC had to be ensured. Leadership, ownership and drive are required to compete effectively and to deliver growth. Management should adopt the „Strategy into Action‟ planning approach, charting a course through performance factors, linking strategic thrusts to projects, as well as departmental and individual activity, with the ultimate goal being to enable the ZMDC to effectively translate strategic goals into results in a clear and inclusive process. To turn strategic desires into action that drives results, the ZMDC leaders need to develop strategic thrusts and broad-based action plans, putting the vision to light, and picturing to everyone what would be viewed as strategic success and what it takes to achieve and measure the desired outcomes. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om ondersoek in te stel na die uitdagings vir doeltreffende strategie-implementering by die Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC). Daar word aangevoer dat strategiese beplanning wesenlike strategiese implementering oorskadu. Organisasies werk hard aan die opstel van goeie planne, maar werk nie ewe hard aan die verwesenliking daarvan nie. Die aanname is gemaak dat daar ŉ groot gaping tussen strategiese beplanning en implementering is. Dit het die navorser aangemoedig om die situasie by ZMDC prakties en op diepgaande wyse te ondersoek ten einde hierdie gaping deur navorsing oor die onderwerp te oorbrug. Die literatuur oor strategie en strategie-implementering is krities ontleed. Die navorsing is gerig deur ŉ post-positivisme-navorsingsfilosofie. Hierdie navorsingsparadigma het die gebruik van kwalitatiewe metodes moontlik gemaak, wat interaksie met die respondente in die hand gewerk het. ŉ Gevallestudie-navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, aangesien die doel van die navorsing was om die struikelblokke tot strategie-implementering en die beste pad vorentoe om strategie op papier in aksie oor te skakel, te bepaal. Die vernaamste bevindings was dat daar wel skuiwergate in strategie-implementering by ZMDC is. Die uitdagings rakende die strategie-implementeringsproses by ZMDC is geïdentifiseer as swak delegering, gebrek aan opleiding en ontwikkeling, swak etiese waardes, beperkte hulpbronne, lae motivering van werknemers, swak kommunikasie en koördinering, gebrek aan beheer en swak spanwerk. Daar is gemerk dat die organisasie gebrekkige kommunikasieprosesse het, wat tot die uitdagings vir strategie-implementering bydra. Die bevindings het aan die lig gebring dat strategiese beplanning by die uitvoerende bestuur begin, en dus is hul toewyding tot eienaarskap van die algehele strategiese beplannings- en uitvoeringsproses noodsaaklik. Die studie het beperkte betrokkenheid van personeel by die aanvanklike fases van strategie-ontwikkeling getoon. Ten einde die implementering van strategieë te bevorder, is die aanbeveling om motiveringsleierskap by ZMDC te verseker. Leierskap, eienaarskap en dryfkrag is nodig om doeltreffend mee te ding en te groei. Die bestuur moet die beplanningsbenadering van „Strategie in Aksie‟ aanneem, wat die weg deur prestasiefaktore aantoon en strategiese dryfkragte aan projekte asook aan departementele en individuele aktiwiteit koppel. Die uiteindelike doelwit is om ZMDC in staat te stel om strategiese doelwitte doeltreffend in ŉ duidelike en insluitende proses in resultate om te skakel. Ten einde strategiese strewes in aksie wat resultate lewer om te skakel, moet ZMDC se leiers strategiese dryfkragte en breedgebaseerde aksieplanne ontwikkel, waardeur die visie duidelik gemaak word en almal duidelikheid het oor wat as strategiese sukses beskou word en wat dit verg om die gewenste uitkomste te bereik en te meet.

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Baartjes, Joan Charlaine. "Exploring the use of mineral corridors and stranded ore deposits in order to alleviate rural poverty and effect environmental and social change through a proposed rural development corridor in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/389.

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South Africa has less than 1 percent of the global land surface, yet it is ranked highly in terms of remaining mineral resources. Mineral wealth has not translated into a better life for all. Poverty, however, abounds; particularly in the rural areas and this study seeks to identify a solution or partial solution to this situation. The study combines two critical areas, Mineral Based Rural Development, and Mineral Based Enterprise Development and draws from it a model for Mineraldriven Rural Economic Development viable for all parts of South Africa. This study comprised research on a national scale and thus covered a section of each of South Africa‟s nine provinces. It investigated the conditions in rural and urban centres, and geologically, it traversed examples of Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic formations. The field visits deliberately set out to look at some of the lowest value commodities; typically the only minerals available to the surrounding rural communities. This was done to see if a case could be made for even the lowest value commodities which are often found furthest from the large markets. This study indicates that for a rural area to be able to compete nationally or internationally, it is important to be competitive so that the area can participate in the economy. The creation of regional competitive areas allow for the focusing of strategies and funding for targeted rural projects. Enterprises, typically the product of entrepreneurial activity, are required to increase economic intensity and activity. xxvii The goal of poverty reduction, has been identified by government so that enterprises, as products of economic development, can be focused on the situation. Interviews conducted by the researcher indicated that part of the problem to overcome is the bureaucracy created by government which hinders enterprise development. Recommendations are made that government should exempt rural enterprises from some of the compliance hurdles. This will serve to accelerate rural development. An important aspect of urban enterprises is that they have access to labour without too many problems. Thirteen developed or developing corridors were visited of the five types of development corridors identified. It was found that those in areas of high poverty (for example the corridors of the Eastern Cape) are difficult to develop and make self-sustaining. The corridors linked to any point of Gauteng (Johannesburg or Pretoria) are more robust, although the relatively short length of the corridor is not an indicator of effectiveness. The key recommendations made include the completion of a national rural mineral-asset audit; the use of the information to demarcate rural-regions that can be developed as nationally and internationally competitive regions; the establishment of a rural Resource and Training Academy(ies) so that skills are developed close to areas where they will be deployed; provision of an easier way to launch mineral-based rural enterprises and incentivise these for accelerated development; and the development of an indigenous body of knowledge to mine small scale deposits

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Carvelas, Wray Anthony. "The development of a strategic business plan to grow the mining and minerals division of Kellogg Brown & Root into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4906.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 1999. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally the mining and minerals market is experiencing a decline. With this decline, focus is turning to Africa as an unexplored mineral wealth. In terms of global exploration expenditure, Africa is said to be experiencing the highest percentage growth of any other regional budget. The Halliburton company is reputed to be the premier source for the engineering and construction of refineries, chemical plants, and pipelines along with office buildings, infrastructure systems, government facilities, and much more. The South African office has recently established a mining and minerals division, which has experienced certain measures of success, however, a failure of the division appears to be the total lack of a significant growth strategy. This has resulted in the division becoming a one-client business. The Sub-Saharan market is characterised by unique challenges, which require a strong culture aligned with its market environment, strategic choice and distinctive competencies to be successful in the market. The purpose of this study project is primarily to make a contribution to the formulation of strategic direction in order to obtain practical implementation guidelines given the unique opportunities and challenges presented in this market. The formulation of the strategy for the mining and minerals business unit is achieved firstly be analysing the Sub-Saharan market, the dominant economic traits, and conducting a full industry and competitive analysis. Secondly, organisation situation analysis of Kellogg Brown & Root is conducted in order to assess the competitive positioning of the firm and distinct capabilities that the firm possesses, and those necessary for success in the market. This will include conducting an analysis of the internal strengths and weaknesses, of the company, and the external opportunities and threats facing the company. From the analyses conducted, strategic challenges are identified and suggestions are made to address these challenges. A strategic intent is proposed together with a mission statement, and a strategic and financial statement of objectives is developed. These statements of intent are not intended to prescribe to the firm and it's employees what the strategic approach should be, but to form the basis of further discussions and research and should not give way to misleading and unwarranted interpretations. The strategy formulated is superimposed onto the corporate strategy and no major discordance is evident. From the analyses conducted and strategy formulation process, suggestions are made that could provide manageable guidelines for the final implementation of the strategic business plan for the minerals division. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tans word 'n afname in die mynbou en minerale mark wêreldwyd ondervind. As gevolg van hierdie afname het die fokus na Afrika as 'n onverkende minerale rykdom verskuif. In terme van wêreldwye eksplorasie besteding, word beweer dat Afrika die hoogste persentasie groei ten opsigte van enige ander streeksbegroting ondervind. Die Halliburton maatskappy word beskou as 'n vername bron vir die ontwikkeling en konstruksie van raffinaderye, chemiese aanlegte, pyplyne, geassosieerde kantoor geboue, infrastrukture, regerings fasiliteite en vele meer. Die Suid Afrikaanse kantoor het onlangs 'n mynwese en minerale afdeling op die been gebring wat al 'n mate van sukses ondervind het. Dit wil egter voorkom asof 'n tekortkoming van die afdeling 'n gebrek aan 'n doelgerigte groei strategie is. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat die afdeling tot 'n een-kliënt-saak verval het. Die Sub-Sahara mark word gekenmerk deur unieke uitdagings wat 'n sterk kultuur inlyn met die mark omgewing, strategiese keuses en relevante bevoegdhede verg om suksesvol in die mark te wees. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is om 'n bydrae te maak tot die formulering van 'n strategiese koers met die doel om praktiese implementerings riglyne daar te stel, met inagneming van die unieke geleenthede en uitdagings wat in die mark bestaan. Die formulering van 'n strategie vir die mynwese en minerale besigheidsektor word eerstens verkry deur 'n analise van die Sub-Sahara mark, dominerende ekonomiese eienskappe en 'n ontleding van die industriele en mededingende omgewing. Tweedens word 'n organisaie situasie analise van Kellogg Brown & Root uitgevoer om die kompeterings posisie, huidige kenmerkende bekwaamhede en die wat benodig word vir sukses in die mark, van die maatskappy vas te stel. Dit sluit 'n ontleding van die interne swak en sterk punte van die maatskappy, asook die eksterne geleenthede en bedreigings vir die maatskappy in. Vanuit hierdie analise word strategiese uitdagings geidentifiseer en word voorstelle gemaak om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek. 'n Strategiese oogmerk, tesame met 'n doelwitstelling word voorgestel, en 'n strategiese en finansiele doelstelling word ontwikkel. Die doel van hierdie studie projek is nie om aan die maatskappy en sy werknemers 'n strategiese benadering voor te skryf nie, maar om die basis te vorm vir verdere bespreking en navorsing. Die studie moet nie aanleiding gee tot verkeerde en misleidende vertolkings nie. Die geformuleerde strategie is ook met die huidige korporatiewe strategie vergelyk en geen noemenswaardige verskille is ooglopend nie. Vanuit die analise en die strategiese formuleringsproses word praktiese riglyne voorgestel vir die implementering van die strategiese besigheidsplan vir die mynwese en minerale afdeling.

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Hisada, Toru. "Indigenous Development and Self-Determination in West Papua: A Case Study of the Socio-Political and Economic Impacts of Mining upon the Amungme and Kamoro Communities of West Papua." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2457.

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Since West Papua was colonized by Indonesia in 1963, West Papuans have endured one of the most disastrous experiences of cultural and environmental destruction, human rights abuses and mass killing of the twentieth century. In the Western Highlands of West Papua, where Freeport McMoRan, a mining company from Louisiana, United States (U.S.), operates, there have been long-standing disputes over environmental justice, human rights, the right to control development, and wealth distribution. Substantial research has been done on the negative impacts of the Freeport's operation on the Amungme and Kamoro communities who reside in the company's operating area. Yet, limited research has been done regarding Freeport's social policies and the possible solutions to the issues which are crucial for the further development of Amungme and Kamoro. Therefore, the thesis firstly examines Freeport's recent social policies which have attempted to address the two communities' concerns as well as the social problems the company has caused around its operating area. The examination suggests that genuine reconciliation between Amungme and Kamoro communities and Freeport is a crucial next step in achieving successful community development in the area. The thesis employs a case study of the South African reconciliation processes via Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to explore the prospects of achieving successful community development in Freeport's operating area of West Papua which might lead to prosperity for the Amungme and Kamoro peoples. In addition to this, the prospect of preventing the human rights violations by the Indonesian Military (Tentera Nasional Indonesia-TNI) is considered. The TNI, by carrying out the role of protecting the Freeport operation, has until today committed a large number of human rights violations against indigenous West Papuans around the mine thus preventing and inhibiting the future development of Amungme and Kamoro communities. Since major countries, including the U.S., the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand and Australia, have until today, supported the Indonesia state and the TNI, the attitude of Pacific Island states towards the issue is examined. Finally, although the above processes are important, the study suggests the more important role of the Amungme and Kamoro themselves in taking responsibility for their plight and taking positive actions wherever possible to solve the issues surrounding them. Although the conflict continues to the present day, the research contained in the thesis outlines the situation in West Papua only up until November 2006.

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Foot, Anne. "A policy of plunder: the development and normalisation of neo-patrimonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86299.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014 ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Equatorial Guinea has, since the mid-1990s, been an oil-rich state. With the highest GDP per capita it should be a continental leader in terms of development. Instead, it ranks in one of the worst positions on the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI). This study employs the theory of neopatrimonialism to explain why such a discrepancy in these development indicators is evident. As a result of examining the post-independence regimes in Equatorial Guinea through the theoretical lens of neo-patrimonialism it is possible to conclude that the country is afflicted by a governance curse, rather than the more narrowly defined ‘resource curse’ that has become the central explanation of the situation in the country since the discovery of oil favoured by the existing literature on the subject. Instead, this study highlights the fact that the neo-patrimonial nature of the regime in Equatorial Guinea has developed steadily over the years since independence was granted by Spain in 1968, and indeed, the seeds of this system were in fact evident during Spanish colonial control. Whilst the existing literature has focused on the role of oil in explaining the dire state that Equatorial Guinea finds itself in, this study argues that there are other central factors that need to be examined. These include: the Spanish colonial legacy that led the way for such a system to take root; the role of the first post-independence president, Macías Nguema (1968-1979) and; the regime of Obiang Nguema (1979- present). By looking at these factors in addition to the role of oil it is possible to conclude that the neo-patrimonial system in place in Equatorial Guinea has much deeper roots than the existing literature acknowledges. It is vital to examine these deeper roots in order to discover an understanding of and effective solution to the current situation. Moreover, through examining the central features and operations of the ‘predatory’ neo-patrimonial regime in Equatorial Guinea, most notably the profligate spending and evident capital flight, it is possible to acknowledge the international nature of the problem: a factor that has heretofore been neglected in the literature. A greater focus on this issue is necessary in order to understand why the regime is sustained and what prospects there can be for future regime change. The outcomes of the study suggest that a ‘predatory’ neo-patrimonial regime is the central explanation for how the political sphere operates in Equatorial Guinea. This means that there can be no distinction made between the central features of the state and the personal property of those that rule it. It is a classic, modern-day example of ‘L’État c’est moi’. As such, the Nguema family have since independence treated the state resources as their own private property to do with as they wish. This means that there has been no attention paid to the development of Equatorial Guinea as it is not in the interests of the ruling elites to do so. Instead, they utilise state resources for their own self-enrichment. Such behaviour accounts for why despite having the highest GDP per capita on the African continent, Equatorial Guinea has such a low rank in the UNDP Human Development Index. It can therefore be concluded that Equatorial Guinea is affected by a governance curse that has decimated the state since independence, rather than the popularised theory of a ‘resource curse’ which has been used in explanations since the discovery of oil in the mid-1990s. iii AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekwatoriaal-Guinee is reeds sedert die middel negentigerjare ’n olieryke staat. Met die hoogste BBP per capita behoort dit die leier op die vasteland te wees wat ontwikkeling betref. Dit beklee egter een van die laagste plekke op die menslike ontwikkelingsindeks (HDI) van die Verenigde Nasies se Ontwikkelingsprogram (UNDP). In hierdie studie is die teorie van neopatrimonialisme gebruik in ’n poging om die teenstrydigheid in hierdie ontwikkelingsaanwysers te verklaar. Op grond van ’n ondersoek van die regimes na onafhanklikheid in Ekwatoriaal- Guinee deur die teoretiese lens van neopatrimonialisme kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat die land onder ’n regeringsvloek gebuk gaan, eerder as die eng gedefinieerde ‘hulpbronvloek’ wat die vernaamste verklaring geword het vir die situasie in die land sedert die ontdekking van olie, soos in die huidige literatuur oor die onderwerp aangevoer word. Hierdie studie beklemtoon hierteenoor die feit dat die neopatrimoniale aard van die regime in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee met verloop van tyd ontwikkel het sedert Spanje die land in 1968 onafhanklik verklaar het. Die sade van hierdie stelsel was inderwaarheid reeds sigbaar tydens Spaanse koloniale beheer. Waar die bestaande literatuur fokus op die rol van olie in die verklaring van die nypende toestand waarin Ekwatoriaal-Guinee verkeer, word in hierdie studie aangevoer dat ander kernfaktore ook ondersoek moet word. Dit sluit in die Spaanse koloniale erfenis wat die weg gebaan het vir die groei van so ’n stelsel; die rol van die eerste president na onafhanklikwording, Macias Nguema (1968–1979); en die regime van Obiang Nguema (1979 – tans). Deur hierdie faktore tesame met die rol van olie in oorweging te bring, kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat die neopatrimoniale stelsel in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee veel dieper wortels het as wat in die bestaande literatuur erken word. Die ondersoek van hierdie dieper wortels is noodsaaklik ten einde begrip van en doeltreffende oplossings vir die huidige situasie te verkry. Deur die ondersoek van die kernfaktore en -bedrywighede van die ‘roofsugtige’ neopatrimoniale regime in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee, vernaamlik die roekelose verkwistinge en sigbare kapitaaluitvloei, is dit moontlik om die internasionale aard van die probleem te identifiseer – ’n faktor wat tot op hede in die literatuur nagelaat is. Groter fokus op hierdie kwessie is nodig ten einde te begryp waarom die regime volgehou word en watter vooruitsigte daar is vir toekomstige regimeverandering. Die uitkomste van hierdie studie doen aan die hand dat ’n ‘roofsugtige’ neopatrimoniale regime inderwaarheid die vernaamste verklaring is vir die werking van die politieke sfeer in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee. Dit beteken dat geen onderskeid getref kan word tussen die kerneienskappe van die staat en die persoonlike eiendom van diegene in bewind nie. Dit is ’n klassieke, hedendaagse voorbeeld van ‘L’Etat c’est moi’. As sodanig hanteer die Nguema-familie sedert onafhanklikwording die staat se hulpbronne as hul eie private eiendom wat hulle na willekeur aanwend. Dit beteken dat geen aandag gegee word aan die ontwikkeling van Ekwatoriaal-Guinee nie, aangesien dit nie in die belange van die heersende elite is om dit te doen nie, en hulle staatshulpbronne vir selfverryking gebruik. Sodanige gedrag verklaar die land se lae posisie op die UNDP se HDI. Die gevolgtrekking kan dus gemaak word dat Ekwatoriaal-Guinee onder ’n staatsvloek ly, wat die staat sedert onafhanklikwording afmaai, eerder as die gewilde teorie van ’n ‘hulpbronvloek’.

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Horowitz, Leah Sophie. "Stranger in one's own home : a micropolitical ecological analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers with a multinational mining project in New Caledonia /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20031015.150235/index.html.

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Anand, Prathivadi B. "Extractive economies, institutions and development: implications for BRICS and Emerging Economies." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16656.

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Yes Extractive economies can use the natural resource dividend for infrastructure and sustainable development though this involves overcoming many challenges. The original contribution of this chapter is to see BRICS as natural resource rich economies that have not yet signed up to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). The paper reports original analysis of relationship between resource dependence and human development index for the period 1990 to 2015 which suggests that non-resource rich countries tend to have higher values of HDI than resource rich countries. Using in depth case studies of two countries that have joined EITI (namely Norway and Mongolia) and two emerging economies that have not joined the EITI (Botswana and Chile) and one of the BRICS (namely Brazil), this chapter highlights some of the successes and challenges in using the natural resource wealth to transform economic and social development outcomes. Governance indicators of these cases suggest that transparency initiatives can be helpful but they should be part of a larger programme of transparency and institutional development. The analysis highlights that the links between extractive economies, policies, institutions and human development outcomes are complex and require long term policies and commitments. Three specific policy issues for BRICS are identified. UNDP, FCO Full text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 18th December 2022.

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Kao, Chia-Hung, and 高嘉鴻. "Environmental economic evaluation of mineral resource development using Heping Marble Ming district as an example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uvjvnd.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 資源工程研究所 97 Mining development in Taiwan is influenced by political, social-economical, and technical factors. Therefore it is important that to establish a long term mineral resources development policy. The supply and demand of domestic economical development needs maintain the issues that need to be studied include efficient usage of mineral resources, environmental protection, reclamation as well as sustainable management of mining operations. The target area of this study is located at Heping industry mineral mining district which is also the first mining district been established. The marble production of this area is over 60％ of Taiwan’s domestic supply, and is closely related to Taiwan’s cement, steel and aggregate industry. The main topics of discussed this study include： 1. Discuss resources and environmental economical models. 2. Analyze the interactions between resources, environment and economics. 3. Evaluate potential impacts of government’s policy and its related measures. 4. Evaluate the impact of government’s industry eastward moving policy, improvement of mining operations and environmental protection policy. Comparative new methodology and approaches are applied in this study, which includes： 1. Market Valuation Method. 2. Averting Behavior Method The results obtained in this study shows that thirty-year NPV(net present value) of Heping industry mineral mining district is higher than zero, and the mineral resource development in this area can also obtain environmental economic benefits.

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Gladstone, Joshua. "Democratic Self-Determination in Nunavut: Representation, Reciprocity and Mineral Development." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4792.

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Inuit exercise a significant degree of self-determination in Nunavut through the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, particularly in the area of non-renewable resource development. Self-determination is linked to both Inuit and Canadian identity and conceptualized in its democratic form as relationships of autonomy and interdependence mediated by resource management institutions. This thesis argues that democratic self-determination depends on local experiences of reciprocity and legitimate institutional representation. Nunavut’s institutional actors have the potential to establish locally acceptable norms of reciprocity and representation through (quasi-) constitutionally mandated Inuit Associations, an Inuit public government at the municipal and territorial levels, and resource co-management boards. Using a qualitative research methodology involving document analysis, semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this thesis explores how residents of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, are experiencing democratic self-determination from the perspectives of representation and reciprocity. Results indicate that conflict between municipalities and Inuit Associations over the distribution of resource benefits can overshadow attitudes of reciprocity between public and Inuit spheres. Although both Inuit Associations and public governments are seen as legitimately representing local interests in resource development, each have distinct roles: Inuit Associations negotiate Impact and Benefit Agreements with industry as a matter of right, while public government’s role is the responsible delivery of social services. The legitimacy of Inuit Associations as representatives of Inuit interests was challenged by a minority of research participants who expressed concerns about elitism and unaccountability of Inuit officials, and educational barriers to non-elite participation in decision-making. Meanwhile the criticisms registered against the public governments illustrated contemporary attitudes of resentment based on a history of colonialism and distance from centre to periphery. The Nunavut Impact Review Board was found to be a valuable mechanism for managing Inuit-state relations in its ability to foster trust, though its ability to determine the just distribution of resource benefits is circumscribed. Ultimately, this research suggests that from the perspective of reciprocity and legitimate representation, the birth of Nunavut should not be considered an end to the struggle for greater local democratic control over economic and political destinies.

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Mafa, Mmapau Justin. "Critical analysis of the law regulating state intervention in the mineral sector and nationalisation of South African mines." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3313.

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Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 This mini-dissertation relates to the mode of ownership of the country’s natural, mineral and petroleum resources, their contribution to the economy, the Growth Domestic Income and the overall role played by these resources to better the lives of the ordinary citizens and their impact on the socio economic circumstances in general. In terms of the previous mining legislation in South Africa, mineral rights were held privately and in some instances by the state. Following the 1994 democratic breakthrough, the Mineral and Petroleum resources Development Act now vests the ownership of mineral rights in the state as the custodian and owner on behalf of the people of South Africa and the mineral resources are the common heritage of the people. The vesting of the mineral rights does not however interfere with the right to private ownership of property which is expressly guaranteed by the property clause in the constitution. The new Mining legislative regime with specific and particular reference to the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act and National Environmental Management Act are precisely paced to ensure optimal exploitation of natural resources while promoting sustainable development.

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Xuan, Le Thanh, and Le Thanh Xuan. "Improving The Industry Management System in Human Resource Training and Development of Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited by 2020, in Vision of 2030." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67999682769806795071.

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碩士 龍華科技大學 資訊管理系碩士班 101 Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (VINACOMIN), with 138,000 people in its labor force, is one of the big groups playing important roles in Vietnam’s economic and social development. The group has set forth the strategy of and solutions to training and developing its human resources, who will make certain contributions to the “National prosperity and strength from the country’s mineral resources”. In the process of development of the group and, in particular, of developing and training its human resources there have been problems to which great attention is to be paid to overcome for quality improvement of its labor force. I, the author, has chosen this theme for my thesis research in the area of management of training and developing VINACOMIN’S human resources with the purpose of finding the status quo in order to enable me to suggest some solutions to complete the system of training and developing the human resources of VINACOMIN in meeting the demands of the strategy from now to the year 2020 under 2030 vision. The author has applied the methods of investigating, evaluating and analyzing the surveys and interviews with the experts who are the managers of VINACOMIN. The Thesis is with the focus on the theory of training and developing human resources in general and that in VINACOMIN in such particular aspects as the status quo of system of organizing management, achievements, weaknesses, limits, problems and forecasts of opportunities and challenges affecting the training and developing the human resources of VINACOMIN. On the basis of the status quo and the forecast of development, the Thesis has mentioned the gaps of demand of human resources between now and that of the strategy of VINACOMIN from which basic solutions of completing the comprehensive management of training and developing the human resources in VINACOMIN could be realized in 2020 under the vision 2030 as follows: -The solution to completing the long-term programming and strategy -The solution to completing objectives and targets -The solution to completing curricula, methodology, and qualification and standards -The solution to completing mechanism, policy, financing, controlling The scientific significance: The theme has systemized theoretical matters, basic concepts on training and developing the human resources in general, the management of those in one sector in particular, from which some applications can be made for research and practice of managing the training and development of human resources of VINACOMIN. The practical significance: The theme has suggested some basic solutions to the management of one sector in training and developing the human resources of VINACOMIN in the years to come.

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Hsieh, Chih-Yeh, and 謝志業. "Environmental Economical Evaluation Of Mineral Resources Development In Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fh7665.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 資源工程研究所 101 The development of Taiwan’s mining industry for more than thirty years has not only contributed to the improvement of its industrial sector, economic level and employment rate, but in particular to the prosperity of related industries in local areas. However, in order to achieve a sustainable mining industry, more concern should be addressed for effective exploitation, resources planning as well as maintenance and protection of environmental resources. As a result, the conservation of natural ecosystems has become an issue of paramount importance that cannot be neglected. With the level of environmental awareness increasing by the day, the damage caused by the mining development in Taiwan has received more and more attention by the government as well as the general public, and especially local environmentalists. Unlike the focus only on excess profit in the past years, the need for restoration of damaged environment, as well as vegetation must also be seriously considered; and the cost of which must be included in the overall cost for the maintenance of a green environment so that the environmental sustainability can be achieved and further promotion of environment awareness ensured. This study focuses on the investigation of marble, dolomite, serpentine, silica sand and clay mines in Taiwan, collecting background information on these minerals, storing relevant data and considering a variety of environmental factors for the assessment of their environmental economic benefits. The market valuation method is used to conduct a comprehensive environmental economic assessment for each of the mining and minerals under study.

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Van, der Zwan Pieter. "Mineral royalties : a preview of the development of Mineral Royalty legislation in South Africa." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24243.

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A dynamic shift in the ownership, management and development of the country’s mineral heritage took place after the inauguration of the new political dispensation in South Africa in 1994. This resulted in the enactment of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28/2002) (MPRDA) in 2002. In accordance with the MPRDA the country’s mineral and petroleum resources are the common heritage of the people of South Africa and the State acts as the custodian of these resources for the benefit of all people. In this capacity, the State may determine and levy a fee or consideration payable in respect of these resources. The Minerals and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act (28/2008) (MPRRA) was enacted on 24 November 2008 to impose a mineral royalty on the extraction of South Africa’s mineral resources to compensate the nation for the depletion of its mineral wealth. This legislation is likely to have a significant impact on the South African mining industry. The aim of this study was to review the development of this legislation to gain an understanding of the issues considered when it was developed and to identify certain aspects of the MPRRA that may require further research in order to be improved in future. The analysis consists of a qualitative comparison of the draft versions of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Bill (MPRRB) and related commentary. The study recommends that legislators reconsider the level of royalties to be levied as well as the mechanism contained in the MPRRA to promote downstream beneficiation to ensure optimal benefits from extracting the nation’s mineral resources. Further research of these aspects could improve the South African mineral royalty regime in future. Copyright Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. Taxation unrestricted

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Ashraf, Hamid. "Mineral development for growth: developing a mineral policy framework and mining cadastre system for Pakistan." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23451.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2017 Mineral resources can act as key for economic growth and have the potential to transform economies and societies. The extent to which such transformation takes place varies depending upon the method of their use. Pakistan is gifted with significant mineral resources that have the potential to lift its economy and bring prosperity to its citizens. For this to happen, Pakistan must formulate a mineral policy based on leading practices to attract mining investment and increase the sector contribution to GDP in the range of 3 – 5%. The fundamental objective of this research is to investigate the process of mineral policy development of Pakistan against leading developing minerals-based economies and to formulate a strategic fit mineral policy framework, keeping in mind its fragile political, socio-economic and security environment. Developing countries with mineral wealth must try to gain maximum benefit from their mineral resources. These are national assets and should be managed responsibly and not used unwisely. For the gap analysis between Pakistan‘s current mineral policy framework and leading developing countries, five criteria were formulated. Two basic principles were kept in mind with the choice of countries; first, a developing country like Pakistan should be selected; and second, at least two countries should be Islamic. Eight developing courtiers, Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, India, South Africa, Kazakhstan and Turkey were selected for analysis. The key elements for the mineral sector of Pakistan are; Pakistan‘s mineral sector is lacking an enabling institutional framework for efficient access to mineral resources; it lacks an enabling fiscal and regulatory framework for mining to enhance the economic attractiveness of the sector; and the absence of a mining Cadastre System to secure mineral rights prevents security of tenure. Six stakeholders, Government and its implementation bodies; Mining industry; Local communities and their representatives; Law enforcing agencies (LEA's); Religious Monarchs; and Financial institutions were identified and their role defined in policy development framework. A new mineral Policy Framework was formulated based on seven key enablers, namely; institutional framework; stable political economy; legal framework; regulatory framework; fiscal framework; stakeholder participation; and sustainable development. A new organisational structure of the Ministry is proposed based on the generally accepted organisational structure of tiers, implementation and regulatory bodies. An implementation plan based on three building blocks was developed for implementation of the new Mineral Policy Framework. Implementation of an enabling Institutional framework and other key elements of mineral policy framework were suggested to be implemented through the constitution of a Mineral Development Advisory Committee (MDAC). A PakMining Cadastre system was suggested to be constituted under the new Ministry for secure minerals rights system. System design and the geometrical architecture of the PakMining Cadastre System were also suggested. MT 2017

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Jourdan, Philip Paul. "Optimising the development impact of mineral resources extraction in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18636.

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Zimbabwe has a rich and diverse minerals resource base that could be an important contributor to sustainable growth and development. The sector has rebounded dramatically from the hyperinflation economic crisis (2006-8) and with “dollarisation” (2009) the value of mineral production has increased six-fold to about $3 billion in 2011. However, if this increased mining activity is to ultimately result in more than just “holes-in-the-ground”, the crucial mineral linkages need to be realised whilst the resources are still extant. In order to optimise the economic linkages the current “colonial” minerals governance regime (“free mining”) needs to be fundamentally overhauled to both encourage the discovery of new mineral deposits and to maximise the developmental impact of known mineral assets through public tender against developmental outcomes. In this regard a Mineral Cadastre Information Management System (MCIMS) needs to be established as soon as possible. The current historically relatively high mineral prices (provoked by Asian demand) are likely to continue for the next couple of decades, so long as the major Asian economies (China and India) continue to display robust growth. Zimbabwe needs to take advantage of this widow of opportunity to use its finite mineral resources endowment to catalyse wider national economic growth and development through the maximisation of the seminal economic linkages. These are: Fiscal linkages- mineral resource rents must be captured, through the introduction of a resource rent tax, and reinvested into building long-term physical and human (knowledge) infrastructure, to underpin future national competitiveness, and into minerals development (exploration and technology development) to prolong the life of the minerals sector. Backward linkages – the minerals inputs sectors (capital goods, consumables, services) need to be grown, to take advantage of the expanding local demand, through measures to optimise the local content of mining purchases. The realisation of the backward linkages opportunities could seed wider industrialisation (capital goods) and economic transformation. Forward linkages – minerals could provide critical feedstocks into other job-creating sectors provided that they are beneficiated into appropriate intermediate products such as iron/steel, polymers and base metals for manufacturing; nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilisers for agriculture; cement, steel and copper for infrastructure and fossil fuels for power. However, mineral beneficiation often requires state facilitation through incentives and disincentives, such as a small export tax if the next value addition step is clearly viable. The use of PGM producer power, together with South Africa, should be explored to stimulate local value addition. Knowledge linkages – the maximisation of the minerals HRD and R&D opportunities is essential for realising the back- and forward linkages. No resource-based state has industrialised without significant investment in human and technology development. Joint strategies with the private sector should be pursued (PPPs), including the reinvestment of resource rents into knowledge development. Spatial linkages – high rent minerals are often able to finance major infrastructure (transport, power and water) which could underpin the development of other sectors such as agriculture, forestry and manufacturing, provided that the mineral leases provide for excess capacity and third party access at non-discriminatory prices. The huge Mwanesi iron ore resource could possibly underpin a low-cost logistics corridor to the coast which could substantially reduce national costs of trade (imports/exports). All of the linkages would be greatly enhanced through access to larger markets and in this regard configurations for equitable regional integration should be investigated and pursued (e.g. SADC and SACU). Zimbabwe’s minerals endowment could catalyse wider economic development if the minerals regime is overhauled and effectively administered to maximise all of the developmental opportunities associated with their extraction. This study formed the basis for the Draft Zimbabwe Minerals Development Policy (Appendix 7: Draft Zimbabwe Minerals Development Policy, page Error! Bookmark not defined.) currently under finalisation (MMMD).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mineral resource development'

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