Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mineralization of soil carbon

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mineralization of soil carbon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Cenkseven, Şahin, Burak Koçak, Nacide Kızıldağ, Hüsniye Aka Sağlıker, and Cengiz Darıcı. "Changes in Some Soil Chemical and Biological Properties on the Growing Season of Sesame in Çukurova Region." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (2018): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i12.1802-1808.2145.

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In present study, some soil characteristics of Sesamum indicum L. (Sesame) and its adjacent blank field (control) were compared in a growing season as pre (PreC and PreS) and post (PostC and PostS) harvest in Adana, Turkey. Soil macro (C, N, P and K) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe), carbon (Cmin) and nitrogen mineralizations and soil aerobic bacteria and fungi counts were determined in before and after harvest soils. Soils were humidified at 80% of their field capacity and then monitored for 45 days at 28 °C to determine soil carbon (Cmin) and nitrogen (Nmin) mineralization. Generally, macro and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) were higher in control than sesame field except phosphorus (P2O5) and there were found significant differences between them before and after harvest. Aerobic bacteria and fungi populations were decreased after harvest while fungi populations were increased in sesame soils compared to control. Soil CO2-C evolution was higher in sesame field than control. Rates of carbon mineralization was in order as following PostC < PreC < PostS< PreS. Rate of Nmin was significantly higher in sesame soils before harvest but it was lower after harvest compared to control. Carbon mineralization rates in sesame grown soils were significantly decreased and it was in order as following PostC < PreC < PostS < PreS. Decrease in soil carbon mineralization after harvest can be explained with decrease in soil microbial populations in short term.
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Chapman, Samantha K., Matthew A. Hayes, Brendan Kelly, and J. Adam Langley. "Exploring the oxygen sensitivity of wetland soil carbon mineralization." Biology Letters 15, no. 1 (2019): 20180407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0407.

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Soil oxygen availability may influence blue carbon, which is carbon stored in coastal wetlands, by controlling the decomposition of soil organic matter. We are beginning to quantify soil oxygen availability in wetlands, but we lack a precise understanding of how oxygen controls soil carbon dynamics. In this paper, we synthesize existing data from oxic and anoxic wetland soil incubations to determine how oxygen controls carbon mineralization. We define the oxygen sensitivity of carbon mineralization as the ratio of carbon mineralization rate in oxic soil to this rate in anoxic soil, such that higher values of this ratio indicate greater sensitivity of carbon mineralization to oxygen. The estimates of oxygen sensitivity we derived from existing literature show a wide range of ratios, from 0.8 to 33, across wetlands. We then report oxygen sensitivities from an experimental mesocosm we developed to manipulate soil oxygen status in realistic soils. The variation in oxygen sensitivity we uncover from this systematic review and experiment indicates that Earth system models may misrepresent the oxygen sensitivity of carbon mineralization, and how it varies with context, in wetland soils. We suggest that altered soil oxygen availability could be an important driver of future blue carbon storage in coastal wetlands.
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Aka Sağlıker, Hüsniye, and Neslişah Mutlu. "Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Sanayi Alanı Topraklarında Karbon Mineralizasyonu." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (2018): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i7.940-944.1935.

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In this study; it was determined some trace element contents [Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn (mg/kg)] and carbon mineralization (28° C, 45 days) in three soil sampled depending on the distance from three different plots of Industrial Zone which has a great number of iron and steel and metal industry enterprises and one soil sample from Osmaniye Korkut Ata University campus which is located far from this Industrial Zone. CO2 respiration method was used in carbon mineralization experiments. It was determined that trace element contents of these four soils was lower than the limit values. Carbon mineralization [15.0 mg/C(CO2)/100 g DS] of the soil number 1 sampled nearly the Industial Zone was significantly lower than campus soil numbered 4 [30.0 mg/C(CO2)/100 g DS]. The similarity were also observed among the carbon mineralization rates of four soils and three soils of the Industrial Zone were found significantly lower than the campus soil. All these findings exhibited that the carbon mineralization and trace element contents of the soils did not change with distance of Industrial Zone; the soil may vary depending on the organic carbon and nitrogen contents together with pH.
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Saidy, Akhmad Rizalli. "Relationship between Water Content and Mineralization of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soils Varying in Physical and Chemical Characteristics." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 1 (2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.45-52.

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An understanding on relationship between water content and mineralization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) across soils varying in physical and chemical characteristics is required to assess the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on soil organic matter decomposition. However, such information is rarely available. Relationship between C and N mineralization of three soils varying in physico-chemical properties with different measurements of water content (water-filled pore space, gravimetric water content, volumetric water content, and water holding capacity) was studied through an incubation experiment for 8 weeks. Results of the experiment showed that C and N mineralization increased with increasing water content, reached a maximum, and then decreased with subsequent increasing water content levels. Maximum C and N mineralizations were observed at 70-80% and 50% water-filled pore space (WFPS), respectively. The ranges of WFPS for C and N mineralization were the narrowest among other measurements of water content. Therefore, it was likely that a single WFPS could be used in subsequent incubations to examine either C or N mineralization of soils with different characteristics. Result of this study suggests that the preliminary experiment on the relationship between mineralization of C and N and water content is necessary to do where mineralization is needed to be assessed in soils that have different physico-chemical characteristics.Keywords: Carbon and nitrogen mineralization, percent of water-filled pore space, water content[How to Cite : Saidy AR. 2013. Relationship between Water Content and Mineralization of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soils Varying in Physical and Chemical Characteristics. J Trop Soils, 18 (1) : 45-52. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.45][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.45]
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Haney, R. L., A. J. Franzluebbers, E. B. Porter, F. M. Hons, and D. A. Zuberer. "Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization." Soil Science Society of America Journal 68, no. 2 (2004): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0489.

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Haney, R. L., A. J. Franzluebbers, E. B. Porter, F. M. Hons, and D. A. Zuberer. "Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization." Soil Science Society of America Journal 68, no. 2 (2004): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.4890.

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Qi, G., Q. Wang, W. Zhou, et al. "Moisture effect on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in topsoil of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 8 (2011): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-jfs.

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Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve (1,985 km<sup>2</sup> and 2,734 m a.s.l.) of Northeast China is a typical ecosystem representing the temperate biosphere. The vegetation is vertically divided into 4 dominant zones: broadleaved Korean pine forest (annual temperature 2.32°C, annual precipitation 703.62 mm), dark coniferous forest (annual temperature –1.78°C, annual precipitation 933.67 mm), Erman's birch forest (annual temperature –2.80°C, annual precipitation 1,002.09 mm) and Alpine tundra (annual temperature –3.82°C, annual precipitation 1,075.53 mm). Studies of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization have attracted wide attention in the context of global climate change. Based on the data of a 42-day laboratory incubation experiment, this paper investigated the relationship between soil moisture and mineralization of C and N in soils with different vegetation types on the northern slope of the Natural Reserve Zone of Changbai Mountain. The elevation influence on soil C and N mineralization was also discussed. The results indicated that for the given vegetation type of Changbai Mountain the C and N mineralization rate, potential mineralizable C (C0) and potential rate of initial C mineralization (C<sub>0</sub>k) all increased as the soil moisture rose. The elevation or vegetation type partially affected the soil C and N mineralization but without a clear pattern. The moisture-elevation interaction significantly affected soil C and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N mineralization, but the effect on NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N mineralization was not significant. The complex mechanism of their impact on the soil C and N mineralization of Changbai Mountain remains to be studied further based on data of field measurements in the future.  
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She, Ruihuan, Yongxiang Yu, Chaorong Ge, and Huaiying Yao. "Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010128.

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Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.
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She, Ruihuan, Yongxiang Yu, Chaorong Ge, and Huaiying Yao. "Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010128.

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Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.
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Wang, Sining, Jie Tang, Zhaoyang Li, et al. "Carbon Mineralization under Different Saline—Alkali Stress Conditions in Paddy Fields of Northeast China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072921.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization (conversion of carbonaceous material to carbon dioxide) plays a central role in global carbon cycle. However, the effects of SOC mineralization under different saline–alkali stress conditions are poorly understood. In order to understand the carbon mineralization processes, four paddy fields with different saline and alkali degrees were chosen as the experimental samples and the soil CO2 emission fluxes at nine different time steps of the whole simulation experiment were observed. The physical and chemical properties of soils of four field conditions were compared for the dynamic changes of CO2 flux in the progress of paddy field cultivation simulations. The results showed that the first three fields (P1, P2, and P3) were weakly alkaline soils and the last one (P4) was strongly alkaline soil. The SOC content of each plot was significantly different and there was a near-surface enrichment, which was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of alkalization. The accumulation process of the SOC mineralization during the incubation time was consistent with the first-order kinetic model. In the initial stage of mineralization, the amount of CO2 released massively, and then the release intensity decreased rapidly. The mineralization rate decreased slowly with time and finally reached a minimum at the end of the incubation period. This study indicates that the SOC mineralization process is affected by a variety of factors. The main factors influencing SOC mineralization in the saline–alkaline soils are the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), followed by enzyme activities. Salinization of the soils inhibits the rate of soil carbon cycle, which has a greater impact on the carbon sequestration than on the carbon source process. The intensity and completeness of the SOC mineralization reactions increase with increasing SOC contents and decrease with increasing ESP levels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Kranabetter, John Marty. "Pulp fibre waste as a soil amendment : rates of net carbon mineralization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29193.

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The potential for using RMP (refiner mechanical process) pulp mill fibre waste as a soil amendment was investigated by determining levels of net carbon mineralization. Under optimum conditions (laboratory incubation study), the pulp fibre waste, being a relatively homogeneous substrate, was found to mineralize at one rate of -0.0078 d⁻¹. In field applications the rate of net mineralization was slower, with rates of -0.0034 d⁻¹ and -0.0037 d⁻¹, as determined by soil respiration and litter bag trials, respectively. A loading effect was noted for this amendment, where increasing the levels of application was found to cause decreases in the mineralization rate. Using pulp fibre waste in forest landing rehabilitation appears to increase the levels of microbial activity in the surface horizon. The higher levels of productivity should lead to improvements in soil structure, and would be a better alternative to only tilling and fertilizing the soil.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Mfombep, Priscilla M. "Soil carbon sequestration: factors influencing mechanisms, allocation and vulnerability." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16981.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Charles W. Rice<br>Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and other greenhouse gases have been linked to global climate change. Soil organic C (SOC) sequestration in both agricultural and native ecosystems is a plausible option to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 in the short term. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to (1) understand the influence of soil water content on the temperature response of SOC mineralization (2) investigate burn and nutrient amendment effects on biogeochemical properties of tallgrass prairie and (3) assess perennial and annual plant management practices on biophysical controls on SOC dynamics. The laboratory study was conducted using soils collected from an agricultural field, currently planted to corn (C4 crop), but previously planted to small grain (C3) crops. The changes in cultivated crops resulted in a δ¹³C isotopic signature that was useful in distinguishing older from younger soil derived CO2-C during SOC mineralization. Soils were incubated at 15, 25 and 35 oC, under soil water potentials of -1, -0.03 and -0.01 MPa. Soil water content influenced the effect of temperature on SOC mineralization. The impact of soil water on temperature effect on SOC mineralization was greater under wetter soil conditions. Both young and older SOC were temperature sensitive, but SOC loss depended on the magnitude of temperature change, soil water content and experiment duration. Microbial biomass was reduced with increasing soil water content. The first field experiment investigated burn and nutrient amendment effects on soil OC in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The main plots were burned (B) and unburned (UB) tallgrass prairie and split plots were nutrient amendments (N, P or N+P including controls). Vegetation was significantly altered by burning and nutrient amendment. Treatment effects on either TN or SOC were depth-specific with no impact at the cumulative 0-30 cm depth. The P amendment increased microbial biomass at 0-5 cm which was higher in unburned than burned. However, at 5-15 cm depth N amendment increased microbial biomass which was higher in burned than unburned. In conclusion, soil OC in both burned and unburned tallgrass prairie may have a similar trajectory however; the belowground dynamics of the burned and unburned tallgrass prairie are apparently different. Another field experiment assessed SOC dynamics under perennial and annual plant management practices. The main plots were grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) planted in no-tillage (NT) or continuous tillage (CT), and replanted native prairie grass, (Andropogon gerardii) (RP). The spit plots were phosphorus (+P) and control without P (-P). The P amendment was used to repress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), known to influence soil aggregation. The macroaggregate >250 µm, SOC and TN were higher in RP and NT than CT. The relative abundances of AMF and saprophytic fungi were greater with less soil disturbance in RP and NT than in CT. Therefore, less soil disturbance in RP and NT increased AMF and fungal biomasses. The higher relative abundances of AMF and fungi with less soil disturbance increased macroaggregate formation in RP and NT, which resulted in higher SOC sequestration in RP and NT than CT.
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Sajedi, Toktam. "The effects of excessive moisture on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization and forest productivity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27030.

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Conifers of regenerating cedar-hemlock (CH) forests exhibit slow growth and nutrient deficiencies (N and P), which are not observed on adjacent cutovers of hemlock-amabilis fir (HA) forests. I test the theory that excessive moisture and resulting low oxygen availability in CH sites create the low N supply and poor growth in these ecosystems. A field experiment determined: 1) whether CH and HA forests differ in soil moisture and aeration, 2) whether decomposition rate and soil C stores differ in CH and HA forests, 3) whether composition of plant communities are related to soil moisture and aeration, and 4) the impact of harvesting CH and HA forests on moisture and aeration conditions. A laboratory experiment investigated the effects of moisture levels, from field capacity to saturation level, on C and N mineralization rates. Lastly, a field trial was carried out to assess drainage as a potential forest management solution in wetland forests by comparing C dynamics in drained and un-drained sites. As hypothesized, CH forests were wetter, less aerated, had shallower aerated depth and higher frequency of anaerobic conditions compared with HA forests. Composition of plant species was related to soil moisture and aeration, however plant diversity was not. Soil aeration was the most important factor, explaining 25% of the variability of species within plant communities. Compared with HA forests with well-aerated soils, soils in HA clearcuts were anaerobic, had slower decomposition rate and shallower rooting depth. Microbial biomass, C mineralization and the soluble inorganic N: soluble organic N (SIN:SON) ratio all declined under water-saturated conditions. Concentrations of SIN increased with increasing moisture in HA soils; whereas in CH humus and soil, the SIN pool was small and decreased with increasing moisture. The results indicate that the low N availability on CH sites results from synergistic effects of litter quality and greater frequency of waterlogging. Drainage could be a useful silvicultural practice for improving the productivity of cedar-swamp ecosystems without stimulating loss of soil C, provided that redox levels are maintained at less than +300 mV, at which level oxygen is sufficient for plant growth but not for aerobic microbial decomposition.
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Calias, Pangiotis. "Forest soil organic matter of a European transect : carbon mineralization in response to temperature." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363387.

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Ma, Qian. "Effects of Crop Residue Quality and Nitrogen Fertilization on Priming of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261632.

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Stark, S. (Sari). "Reindeer grazing and soil nutrient cycling in boreal and tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266927.

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Abstract In northernmost Fennoscandia, grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) has a substantial impact on the vegetation of boreal forests and arctic-alpine tundra heaths, which are reflected in below-ground processes, such as nutrient mineralization and soil organic matter decomposition. In the present thesis, the effects of reindeer grazing on soil nutrient cycling were studied by comparing grazed situation with an ungrazed control area in ten boreal forests and six arctic-alpine tundra heaths. In boreal forests, reindeer grazing reduced microbial respiration in both the oligotrophic and mesotrophic study areas, indicating a deficiency of labile substrates for the soil microbes due to reindeer grazing. Simultaneously, there was heterogeneity in the impact on nitrogen mineralization rates as at some sites, mineralization was enhanced by grazing. The fertilization effect of urine and faeces can therefore be strong enough a factor to outweigh a reduction in quality of soil organic matter. In the oligotrophic forests, low soil moisture content in the grazed areas could sometimes limit the mineralization rates even when the potential for mineralization was enhanced by grazing. In the tundra ecosystems, there was spatial variation in the impact of grazing on microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization. Low grazing intensity occurring outside the growing season had a retarding impact on nutrient cycling in both unfertilized, nutrient-poor and fertilized, nutrient-rich conditions. In contrast, a relatively high grazing intensity enhanced the mineralization rates in two nutrient-poor and two nutrient-rich tundra heaths. When three different grazing intensities were compared in one oceanic, nutrient-rich and one continental, nutrient-poor tundra heath, the strongest positive effect of grazing on soil nutrient cycling occurred in the heavily grazed areas. The data do not support the assumption that soil nutrient availability regulates whether herbivores enhance or retard nutrient cycling in the soil. Instead, the net effect of grazing is determined by the balance between the underlying mechanisms that may work at opposite directions. The most important of these mechanisms are the grazer-mediated impact on the decomposability of the dominant vegetation and fertilization by urine and faeces. The duration, intensity and seasonal timing of the grazing seem to be important factors that regulate whether reindeer grazing enhances or retards soil nutrient cycling in each specific area. Due to the high spatial and temporal variation in the effects of grazing observed in this study, it is not possible to generalize the overall impact of grazing. Further study is required in order to determine the exact conditions under which grazing enhances or it retards soil nutrient cycling.
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Neal, Andrew Wilson. "Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Hillslope-Riparian Interface in Adjacent Watersheds with Contrasting Cellulosic Biofuel Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48125.

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Climate change resulting from emissions of fossil fuel combustion has sparked considerable interest in renewable energy and fuel production research, particularly energy derived from cellulosic ethanol, which is derived from biomass such as wood and grass. Cellulosic ethanol demonstrates a more promising future as a global energy source than corn-derived ethanol because it does not displace food crops, irrigation is not required, and chemical application rates are much lower than for annual crops, such as corn. Growing cellulosic biomass for energy can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions via carbon (C) sequestration and by reducing demand for fossil fuel production. The objective of this study was to investigate how land use change affects soil properties and selected soil C and nitrogen (N) dynamics among alternative cellulosic biofuel treatments at the Weyerhaeuser Alabama Cellulosic Biofuel Research site in west-central Alabama. Composite soils for characterization, along with forest floor, were collected at year 1 and year 2 after treatment establishment at 0-15cm and 15-30cm depths at six locations along three hillslope-riparian transects in five experimental watershed treatments. Decomposition of loblolly pine needles was assessed in each watershed using an in situ litter bag method. Seasonal in situ net nitrogen mineralization was measured using a sequential core method, and an anaerobic incubation for N mineralization potential of composite soils was performed in the laboratory. Results revealed high variability of soil properties and processes within these watersheds, along with no consistent treatment effects. This study provides baseline data for these watershed treatments for future studies.<br>Master of Science
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Dang, Chansotheary. "Response of Soil Microbial Communities to Saltwater Intrusion in Tidal Freshwater Wetlands." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4466.

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Saltwater intrusion due to global change is expected to have a detrimental effect on the biogeochemistry of tidal freshwater wetlands. Of particular concern is that fact that salinization can alter the role of these ecosystems in the global carbon cycling by causing shifts in microbial metabolism that alter greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon mineralization rates. However, our understanding of how wetland microbial community dynamics will respond to saltwater intrusion is limited. To address this knowledge gap and increase our understanding of how microbial communities in tidal freshwater wetlands change over time (1, 3, 12, and 49 weeks) under elevated salinity conditions, an in situ soil transplant was conducted. Throughout the 49 weeks of saltwater exposure, salinity had no effect on soil quality (organic matter content and C:N ratio). In contrast, the concentration of porewater ion species (SO4-2, NO3-, and NH4+) considerably increased. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes, (ß-1,4-glucosidase and 1,4-ß-cellobiohydrolase) gradually decreased with prolonged exposure to saline conditions; by the final sampling event (49 weeks), activity was reduced by ~70% in comparison to the freshwater controls. Short term exposure to salinity (3 and 12 weeks) had a greater effect on phenol oxidase, decreasing activity by 10-20%. Saltwater exposure had an immediate (1 week) effect on potential rates of carbon mineralization; overall, carbon dioxide production doubled and methane production decreased by ~20-fold. These changes in gas production were correlated to increased salinity and to changes in the abundance of methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria, suggesting a shift in the terminal step in organic matter degradation from methanogenesis to sulfate reduction. Principal component analysis revealed distinct changes in soil environmental conditions and carbon metabolism within weeks, but the response of the microbial community was slower (months to a year). Taken together, results from this study indicate that the response of tidal freshwater wetlands to salinization is driven by complex interactions of microbial related processes and environmental changes that are dependent on the duration of exposure. Assessing the impact of environmental perturbation on ecosystem function may be better achieved by complementary analysis of both microbial community structure and function.
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Bierer, Andrew M. "Nitrogen dynamics and biological response to dairy manure application." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90372.

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Animal manures are land applied in agronomic systems to supply essential crop nutrients and decrease dependency on chemical fertilizers. Liquid manures are traditionally surface broadcast to fields and sometimes incorporated to reduce odor and nutrient losses; however, incorporation is incompatible with no-till agriculture. Subsurface manure injection is a no-till compatible alternative application method which addresses these concerns, but likely changes the dynamics of nutrient cycling. Comparison of the two application methods has yielded mixed results and warrants further research. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to contrast the surface broadcast and subsurface injection of dairy slurry on nitrogen and carbon cycling, crop yield, and biologic responses to proxy soil health. In a forced air-flow laboratory incubation, manure injection reduced ammonia volatilization by 87% and 98% in a sandy loam and clay loam soil, respectively. The increased ammoniacal nitrogen recovery resulted in increases of soil nitrate of 13% for the sandy loam and 26% for the clay loam after 40 days of incubation. Microbial measurements were inconclusive in the laboratory. In 7 site-years of field study, soil nitrate was greater in 7 of 25 measurements under manure injection and 30% higher under injection on average during the corn pre side-dress nitrate test (PSNT) time. Soil nitrate sampling methods were assessed for fields injected with manure; a standard random sampling method had a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 28% and was as equally repeatable as utilizing an equi-spaced distribution of cores taken across an injection band, C.V. of 30%. Both biological responses, carbon mineralization (C-min) and substrate induced respiration (SIR), were not different between application methods; both were highly variable and C-min was especially intensive logistically. Corn yield showed no consistent response to application method, but probably was not nitrogen limited. In 2 years of field study conducted on a university research farm injection resulted in greater 0-15cm soil nitrate levels than surface broadcast 1 week after application and persisted for 9 additional weeks. In injected plots, nitrate was concentrated in the injection band; nitrate movement was significant only 10cm lateral to the injection band but overall distribution fit well to a second degree polynomial, especially 2 and 4 weeks after application, R2>0.80. Evidence of leaching was observed in one year after receiving considerable rainfall in weeks 1 and 2 after application. When corn grain yield was averaged year over year, injection was 26% greater than the no- manure control, and 15% greater than surface application. Both biological metrics, C-min and microbial biomass, were stratified by depth; C-min was concentrated within the manure band leading to greater mineralization under injected applications. Microbial biomass was significantly higher under injection at the 15-30cm depth. Overall biological response to manure application method was inconclusive, however manure injection is superior to surface application in terms of nitrogen recovery.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Animal manures supply nutrients essential to crop growth (notably nitrogen and phosphorous); liquid manures (pigs and dairy cattle) are commonly applied by spraying them on soils before tillage. Where no-tillage is used as a conservation measure subsurface injection can be used as an alternative to leaving manure on the soil surface. The purpose of this research was to assess nutrient cycling, crop yield, and soil health impacts of surface applied and injected dairy manure applications. Manure injection greatly reduces a nitrogen loss pathway, and as a result supplies more plant available nitrogen to the crop. Methods of soil sampling fields using injection were compared and a recommended sampling method was defined. Transport of a form of nitrogen vulnerable to movement in the ground was found to only travel 10cm away from where manure was injected. Transport of this form of nitrogen below the injection area was observed after abundant rainfall. Crop yields were sometimes higher under injection however, yields are also determined by factors other than nitrogen. Soil health was not repeatably improved under one application method, but microbial activity was greater at shallower soil depths.
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Lynch, Madalyn Josephine. "A Measurement of Conservation Agriculture’s Effect on Nitrogen and Carbon Mineralization Rates for Agricultural Recommendations in Haiti’s Central Plateau." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51620.

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Much of Haitian agriculture is characterized by subsistence farming systems on eroded and nutrient-poor soils. Implementation of Conservation Agriculture systems has proven effective at improving soil quality and crop yield in many areas of the world, including areas similar to those in Haiti. While most Haitian smallholder farmers are highly resource-limited and adoption of new technologies is limited, these farmers are known to adopt new crops and practices if benefits that outweigh risks are demonstrated. Cover crops that help provide soil cover and increase nutrient mineralization are one of the most potentially beneficial changes that could be made on most smallholder farms. However, before specific cover crop recommendations can be made, their potential benefits need to be quantified. One field experiment in the summer of 2013 assessed decomposition rates and nutrient mineralization from common cash crops and two potential cover crops either on the soil surface or buried at 15 cm. The relative difficulty and expense of conducting these types of field trials led to the development and assessment of a laboratory-based system that could be used to simulate plant residue decomposition and nutrient release under controlled conditions. Additional benefits of a laboratory-based study include the ability to test significantly more treatment combinations than would likely be possible under field conditions and to control nearly all other experimental variables, other than the desired treatment comparisons.<br>Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Shu-Yuan Pan. Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4.

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Hartemink, Alfred E., and Kevin McSweeney, eds. Soil Carbon. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4.

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Kutsch, Werner L., Michael Bahn, and Andreas Heinemeyer, eds. Soil Carbon Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511711794.

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Jensen, Earl H. Soil survey of Carbon area, Utah. The Service, 1988.

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Vercammen, James. Dynamic economic modeling of soil carbon. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2002.

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Jandl, Robert, Mirco Rodeghiero, and Mats Olsson, eds. Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119970255.

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Datta, Rahul, Ram Swaroop Meena, Shamina Imran Pathan, and Maria Teresa Ceccherini, eds. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3.

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Kutsch, Werner. Soil carbon dynamics: An integrated methodology. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Svensson, Kjell Sjödahl. Do plants affect nitrogen mineralization? Institution för ekologi och miljövård, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 1993.

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Soil Science Society of America, ed. Soil carbon sequestration and the greenhouse effect. 2nd ed. Soil Science Society of America, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Bielek, Pavol. "Nitrogen transformations to carbon mineralization in soil." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_245.

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Saurabh, Kirti, Rakesh Kumar, J. S. Mishra, et al. "Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Dynamics: A Perspective in Rice-Wheat Cropping System." In Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_14.

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Yu, Xiaofei. "Effect of Freeze–Thaw on the Mineralization of Organic Carbon, and Organic Nitrogen in Wetland Soil." In Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34465-7_7.

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Gupta, V. V. S. R., Peter R. Grace, and M. M. Roper. "Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization as Influenced by Long-Term Soil and Crop Residue Management Systems in Australia." In SSSA Special Publications. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub35.c13.

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Updegraff, Karen, Scott D. Brigham, John Pastor, and Carol A. Johnston. "A Method to Determine Long-Term Anaerobic Carbon and Nutrient Mineralization in Soils." In SSSA Special Publications. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub35.c15.

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Zibilske, L. M. "Carbon Mineralization." In SSSA Book Series. Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.2.c38.

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Kandeler, K. "Nitrogen Mineralization." In Methods in Soil Biology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_9.

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Zhu, Zhao-Liang. "Mineralization of soil nitrogen." In Nitrogen in Soils of China. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5636-3_3.

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Debosz, K. K., P. Schjønning, and S. E. Simmelsgaard. "N mineralization in undisturbed soil." In Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_7.

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Berryman, Erin, Jeffrey Hatten, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, et al. "Soil Carbon." In Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45216-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Rizaldo E Aldas, Bryan M Jenkins, and Jean S VanderGheynst. "Degradation Potential and Soil Carbon Mineralization of Biomass Gasification Tars." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23021.

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Qidujiya, Haitang. "Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization of grazing intensity response." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988831.

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Danielle N. McEachin and Jean S. VanderGheynst. "Development of Models for Predicting Carbon Mineralization and Phytotoxicity in Compost-Amended Soil." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21027.

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Mancer, Halima, and Mustapha Daddi Bouhoun. "Effect of irrigation water salinity on the organic carbon mineralization in soil (laboratory incubation)." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES18. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5039166.

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Maria L Cayuela, Tania Sinicco, and Claudio Mondini. "Dynamics of Carbon Mineralization and Biochemical Properties Following Application of Organic Residues to Soil." In International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 16-19 September 2007, Broomfield, Colorado. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23810.

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Zhang, Jian, and Yan-hui Sui. "Notice of Retraction: Effects of Forest Conversion and Successive Rotations of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) on Carbon Mineralization of Soils." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781546.

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Зубарев, В. А. "CHANGE OF AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF MEADOW-GLEY SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRYING RECLAMATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION)." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.74.42.017.

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Целью исследования являлось анализ изменения агрохимических свойств сельскохозяйственных лугово-глеевых почв под влиянием осушительной мелиорации. Для изучения влияния осушительной мелиорации на состояние почв на территории Среднеамурской низменности полевые исследования проводились в 2008 и через десять лент в 2018 гг. Проведение осушительной мелиорации на тяжелых лугово-глеевых почвах Среднеамурской низменности (на примере Еврейской автономной области) сопровождается изменением рН в нейтральную сторону и небольшим увеличением валового содержания металлов, поглощенных оснований и степени насыщенности основаниями. Снижение содержания гумуса связано с усилением аэрации при ежегодной распашке земель, сменой водного режима на застойно-промывной, что способствует быстрой сработке гумуса. Длительное осушение почв приводит не к усилению минерализации органического вещества, а к качественному изменению его состава, что выражается в повышении в пахотном слое отношения содержания углерода гуминовых кислот к содержанию углерода фульвокислот. The aim of the study was to clarify and clarify the nature and degree of change in the basic properties of agricultural meadow-gley soils under the influence of drainage reclamation. To study the effect of drainage reclamation on the state of soils in the territory of the Central Amur Lowland, field studies were conducted in 2008 and through ten tapes in 2018. Conducting drainage reclamation on heavy meadow-gley soils of the Middle Amur Lowland (for example, the Jewish Autonomous Region) is accompanied by a change in pH to the neutral side and a slight increase in the gross content of metals, absorbed bases and degree of saturation with bases. The decrease in humus content is associated with increased aeration during the annual plowing of land, a change in the water regime to stagnant-flushing, which contributes to the rapid depletion of humus. Prolonged drainage of soils does not lead to increased mineralization of organic matter, but to a qualitative change in its composition, which is reflected in an increase in the ratio of the carbon content of humic acids to the carbon content of fulvic acids in the arable layer.
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Goldberg, David. "CARBON CAPTURE AND MINERALIZATION IN OFFSHORE BASALT RESERVOIRS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-351697.

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Wynands, Eric, Ethan Alban, Gregory Dipple, Alison Shaw, and Sarah McLean. "Pilot Scale Demonstration of Carbon Mineralization in Processed Kimberlite." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2911.

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Al-Kaisi, Mahdi. "Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-676.

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Reports on the topic "Mineralization of soil carbon"

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Fendorf, Scott, Markus Kleber, and Peter Nico. Spatial variation in microbial processes controlling carbon mineralization within soils and sediments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1400275.

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Joe Jones, Clive Barton, Mark Clayton, Al Yablonsky, and David Legere. SkyMine Carbon Mineralization Pilot Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027801.

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Wielopolski, Lucian, G. Hendrey, I. Orion, et al. NON-DESTRUCTIVE SOIL CARBON ANALYZER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007355.

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Andress, D. Soil carbon changes for bioenergy crops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834706.

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Montz, A., V. R. Kotamarthi, and H. Bellout. Soil carbon response to rising temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051236.

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Sawyer, John E., Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Daniel W. Barker, and Weston Dittmer. Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Management Project. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1507.

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Zinke, P. J., A. G. Stangenberger, W. M. Post, W. R. Emanual, and J. S. Olson. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543663.

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Fancher, J. D. Carbon tetrachloride ERA soil-gas baseline monitoring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167614.

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Larson, Steven, Ryan Busby, W. Andy Martin, et al. Sustainable carbon dioxide sequestration as soil carbon to achieve carbon neutral status for DoD lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/25406.

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Matter, J., and K. Chandran. Microbial and Chemical Enhancement of In-Situ Carbon Mineralization in Geological Formation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126713.

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