Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minéraux argileux – Composition chimique'
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Gailhanou, Hélène. "Détermination expérimentale des propriétés thermodynamiques et étude des nanostructures de minéraux argileux." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30027.
Full textClay minerals are widely studied for industrial or nuclear waste confinement, but their thermodynamic properties, essential to know their chemical behaviour for long time periods, are rare and questionable. We determine, for the first time, all the thermodynamic functions of internationally referenced clay minerals, of illite, smectite and illite-smectite mixed-layer types. The study of nanostructures, by HRTEM-EDX, reveals very original results (presence of trioctahedral illite) and leads to an accurate redefinition of these minerals. Enthalpies of formation, of mixing, of hydration, heat capacities, entropies, Gibbs free energies of formation, from 0 to 500K, are obtained for anhydrous and hydrated minerals, using several calorimetric methods (dissolution calorimetry, adiabatic calorimetry, DSC). Studies by equilibrium in solution are compared to calorimetric results
Montero, Serrano Jean Carlos. "Sedimentary and paleoclimate dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico during the last glacial cycle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10059/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to study the sedimentary features of some basins of the Gulf of Mexico (Pigmy and La Salle basins) in order to reconstitute the variability of the detrital input via the Mississippi River during the last climatic cycle. An integrated approach coupling mineralogy, granulometry, and geochemistry (inorganic and organic), within a precise chronostratigraphic framework, allows to progress in the understanding of the relations between the mid- and high-latitude climatic mechanisms and the subtropical hydrology, as well as to propose synoptic models of the ocean-atmosphere coupling. The contrasting mineralogy of the zones drained by the catchment system of the Mississippi River watershed allows constraining the continental zones which will successively feed the sedimentation of the Gulf of Mexico. The modifications of the detrital sources revealed for the last climatic cycle enabled (1) to track down the localization of the zones of destabilization of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the sequence of sedimentary processes during the freshwater discharges, which characterized the last deglaciation, (2) to highlight modifications of the precipitation front which were associated with episodes of large Mississippi River floods during interglacial times, and therefore, to deduce information on the hydrological regime, and (3) to suggest schematic models of meridian transfer of moisture contrasted during interglacial stages 1 and 5e, suggesting an appreciable difference in the atmospheric configurations. The confrontation of these results with other paleoclimatic records allowed to propose simple models of the atmosphere-ocean-continent interactions recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, which are based on the modifications of both the atmospheric configurations (Jet Stream and ITCZ) and oceanic (extension of Atlantic Warm Pool). These models confirm the major role of the atmosphere as a vector of rapid climatic variability
Auger, Clovis Cameron. "Composition chimique des minéraux indicateurs de la mine de Kittilä, Finlande." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27395.
Full textMichaux, Laurent. "Altérations supergènes et hydrothermales des roches basiques et ultrabasiques : pétrologie, géochimie et modélisations thermodynamiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30058.
Full textGrout, Hélène. "Caractérisation physique, minéralogique, chimique et signification de la charge particulaire et colloi͏̈dale de rivières de la zone subtropicale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30076.
Full textMessad-Challal, Djouhra. "Production (photo)catalytique de combustibles à partir d'eau, de dioxyde ou de monoxyde de carbone, en surface de minéraux argileux." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0215.
Full textAl, Majou Hassan. "Etude et prédiction des propriétés de rétention en eau des sols : prise en compte de la composition et de l'état structural du sol." Orléans, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286622.
Full textRenac, Christophe. "Diagenèse des minéraux argileux dans la marge passive cévenole (forage G. P. F. Balazuc 1, France) : structure cristalline, morphologie, composition isotopique, datation K-Ar et inclusions fluides." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2328.
Full textBetoulle, Jean-Luc. "Variations spatiales de la production primaire et des apports au sol en éléments minéraux dans cinq faciès d'une mangrove en Guyane française." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30288.
Full textKouakoua, Ernest. "La matière organique et la stabilité structurale d'horizons de surface de sols ferrallitiques argileux : effet du mode de gestion des terres." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10016.
Full textAttayebi, Houda. "Suivi de l'état de dispersion des nanoparticules d'argile dans un polymère par rhéo-spectroscopie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28283/28283.pdf.
Full textGrégoire, Brian. "Relation Composition-Structure des Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires : Effets de la charge du feuillet et de la nature de l'anion interfoliaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0154/document.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the comprehension of the relationship between the composition of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and their structural properties. The first part of this manuscript is focalized on the formation and the structural properties of these materials. The influence of the cationic nature (MgII, NiII, CoII ; AlIII, FeIII) and their stoichiometries within the layer (MII/MIII E [2 ; 10]) constitutes the main axis of these investigations. The study of the hydrolytic behavior of a solution containing a mixture of divalent and trivalent cations as a function of their relative proportion allowed to propose a topotactic mechanism of formation of LDH phases. Moreover, it has been showed that the composition range is solely dependent on the nature of the cations. Thus, electrostatic models were designed to rationalize and predict the composition range as a function of the cationic nature. The second part is concerned with the properties of the interlayer domain. A joint study, coupling vibrational spectroscopies (Infrared and Raman) and X-ray diffraction allowed a detailed description of the influence of the cations and their stoichiometries on the organization of the interlayer anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3-, ClO4-, aminoacids). The role of the interlayer water has also been investigated. Concerning hybrid organo-minerals, it has been showed that the layer charge dictates the orientation of the interlayered aminoacids, and consequently, their reactivity toward the formation of the peptide bonds. The enantioselective properties of the interlayer domain are highlighted toward the formation of peptides
Zaccaro, Julien. "Cristallogénèse et caractérisations de la solution solide dihydrogénophosphate-arseniate de 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium, cristaux organo-minéraux pour l'optique non linéaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10069.
Full textBouet, Christel. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la dynamique des panaches d'aérosols naturels en Afrique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00311058.
Full textCette étude a été réalisée à l'échelle méso haute résolution en utilisant le modèle Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) couplé en ligne avec le Dust Production Model (DPM) développé par Marticorena et Bergametti [1995] et Laurent [2005]. Afin d'examiner la capacité de ce modèle à reproduire les émissions d'aérosols minéraux dans la région complexe de Bodélé, nous avons tout d'abord modélisé la période correspondant à la campagne Bodélé Dust Experiment 2005 (BoDEx 2005). Notre modèle a ainsi été capable de reproduire les caractéristiques météorologiques locales (principalement le vent dans les basses couches) ainsi que les concentrations en aérosols minéraux et la structure du panache observées pendant la campagne. Nous avons aussi vérifié que les aérosols émis depuis cette région du monde atteignent le continent sud américain.
De plus, cette validation nous a permis de vérifier le constat établi par divers auteurs : les modèles à grande échelle (MCG) ont souvent du mal à reproduire correctement les champs de vent dans la région de Bodélé. Nous avons alors entrepris une étude climatologique (sur l'année 2001) sur une zone étendue autour de la région de Bodélé à différentes résolutions spatiales afin de caractériser les phénomènes de basses couches qui pourraient expliquer ce biais quasi-systématique des MCG. Ce travail a été validé grâce aux données de routine des stations de mesure de surface ainsi que grâce à l'imagerie satellite.
Le deuxième cas sur lequel la validation de notre outil était nécessaire est constitué par les événements de ligne de grains qui se succèdent sur la zone sahélienne lors de l'été boréal. Cette validation a été réalisée sur un événement bien documenté des périodes d'observations spéciales 1 et 2 de la campagne Analyse Multidisciplinaire de la Mousson Africaine (AMMA).
Roussin-Bariac, Marion. "Étude hydrochimique et isotopique d'une nappe alluviale sous climat semi-aride (cuvette d'Agadez, Niger)." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112389.
Full textAlluvial groundwaters of the Agadez’s basin get their mineralization principally by silicate hydrolysis, controlled by soil CO₂. Examination of oxygen-18 and deuterium contents shows that recharge to the groundwater has no evidence of evaporation in spite of the drough in Sahel. These isotope contents decrease from upstream in downstream of the basin. This trend reflects the distribution of groundwater sources along the wadi Teloua. The heaviest stable isotope contents correspond to the weakest floods. Reciprocally, the most important floods which arrive at the lowest zones correspond to groundwater with the lightest stable isotope contents. Carbon-14 and tritium dating allow us to consider that recharge along the borders of wadi is fast: about one year, and, for the whole basin, “age” of water doesn’t exceed one hundred years
Moretto, Robert. "Étude sédimentologique et géochimique des dépôts de la série salifère paléogène du bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse (France)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10393.
Full textBrazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils