Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minéraux argileux'
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Barré, Pierre. "Interactions plantes-minéraux argileux dans une perspective écologique." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066009.
Full textClay minerals are key components for soil and ecosystem functioning. My PhD work centred on the modifications related to plant activity. My work focused on two types of modifications: short term modifications of interlayer site occupations related to potassium (K) dynamics, and longer term modifications of the clay sheet structure in the surface soil influenced by K and Si inputs by plants. The first part of my work established that 2/1 clay minerals behave as a K reservoir in soils: K inputs (throughfall, litter mineralization, fertilization) lead to the formation of “closed” layers collapsed to 1 nm by anhydrous K ions, conversely roots may take up these anhydrous K ions which leads to clay layer ”opening”. The filling or emptying of this K reservoir can be qualitatively and quantitatively studied through X-ray diffraction. In the second part, I showed that some soil profiles exhibit an increase of Si and K contents near the surface. This paradoxical distribution of mobile elements Si and K is explained by their translocation by plants. A model based on this phenomenon revealed that plant translocation can balance element loss through lixiviation and stabilize Si-rich and K-rich clay minerals in the surface soil horizon. My work suggests that plants use and stabilize the soil K reservoir composed of the 2/1 clay minerals
Holtzapffel, Thierry. "Minéraux argileux lattes : les smectites du domaine atlantique." Angers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ANGE0006.
Full textGailhanou, Hélène. "Détermination expérimentale des propriétés thermodynamiques et étude des nanostructures de minéraux argileux." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30027.
Full textClay minerals are widely studied for industrial or nuclear waste confinement, but their thermodynamic properties, essential to know their chemical behaviour for long time periods, are rare and questionable. We determine, for the first time, all the thermodynamic functions of internationally referenced clay minerals, of illite, smectite and illite-smectite mixed-layer types. The study of nanostructures, by HRTEM-EDX, reveals very original results (presence of trioctahedral illite) and leads to an accurate redefinition of these minerals. Enthalpies of formation, of mixing, of hydration, heat capacities, entropies, Gibbs free energies of formation, from 0 to 500K, are obtained for anhydrous and hydrated minerals, using several calorimetric methods (dissolution calorimetry, adiabatic calorimetry, DSC). Studies by equilibrium in solution are compared to calorimetric results
Scopel, Rejane Maria. "Etude des coulées basaltiques à améthystes de la région d'Ametista do Sul, RS - Brésil ; altération post-magmatique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2333.
Full textChivrac, Frédéric. "Nano-biocomposites : structured systems based on starch and clays." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6066.
Full textBioplastics are a powerful strategy to answer to the environmental diseases induced by non-degradable plastics produced from non renewable resources. Since starch is inherently biodegradable and produced during the plant growth, it seems to be a suitable option to develop environmentally friendly materials. Nevertheless, even if bioplastics can be produced with this biomacromolecule, the resulting materials are very sensitive to water and have low mechanical properties. The dispersion of nanosized fillers (nanofillers), like clays (montmorillonite, sepiolite), to produce nano-biocomposite materials, is an interesting option to overcome these weaknesses. The influence of the nanofillers surface treatment has been studied and has highlighted the key role of this parameter on the resulting morphology. It has been demonstrated that the use of a clay compatibilizer, namely cationic starch, is required to have an optimal dispersion quality. Moreover, one part of this study has revealed the influence of the plasticizer on the nanofillers morphology. Thus, these analyses have shown complex morphologies, influenced by the polarity of the different components of the nano-biocomposites, but have also demonstrated the added value of such development. Finally, a more fundamental work allowed us a better understanding of the nanofiller influence, as a function of their dispersion state, on the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these materials
Caquineau, Sandrine. "Les sources des aérosols sahariens transportés au dessus de l'Océan Atlantique tropical nord : localisation et caractéristiques minéralogiques." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120004.
Full textEmmanuel, Tertre. "Modélisation des propriétés d'adsorption des minéraux argileux gonflants vis-à-vis de cations inorganiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984348.
Full textTiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036/document.
Full textFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Tiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036.
Full textFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Khelifi, Hamid. "Matériaux argileux stabilisés au ciment et renforcés de fibres végétales : formulation pour extrusion." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS277.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the extrusion of cement-clay paste and the valorization of local materials in order to produce extruded building bricks. To do this, extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials (kaolin) have been designed. These mix designs comply with actual requirements concerning environmental impacts (use of a significant proportion of clay) and they may be used as building materials. Bio-based fibers (flax fibers) have been incorporated. As for any other type of inclusions, flax fibers modify the rheological behavior of material at fresh state. Furthermore, their hydrophilic character amplifies the changes and has required a specific study. The mechanical perform-ances of the tested mix design and the positive effect of extrusion process as well as the addi-tion of fiber have been characterized. Such as for concrete, the Féret relationship is shown to be able to predict the compressive strength assuming that kaolin acts as a high water demand aggregate. A model for stiff paste ram extrusion incorporating the filtration phenomenon and the frictional behavior of the granular packing has been developed. This model is based on the soil mechanics approach and is able to predict the transition between pure plastic behavior and frictional plastic behavior. Finally, the mechanical and thermal performances of the cho-sen eco-friendly mix designs have been compared to those of traditional building products (concrete blocks, concrete, clay bricks, AAC. . . ). Environmental impacts of these mix design have also been evaluated and compared. It appears from this study that the extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials comply with legislations concerning environmental impacts thermal comfort. They are also able to present an alternative to actual building products
Dang, Kim Dung. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des matériaux argileux (bentanite MX 80 et argilite du callovo-oxfordien)." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISARA007.
Full textGaboreau, Stéphane. "Les sulfates phosphates d'aluminium hydratés (APS) dans l'environnement des gisements d'uranium associés à une discordance protérozoïque : caractérisation cristallochimique et signification pétrogénétique." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2312.
Full textAluminium phosphate sulfate minerals (APS) are particularly widespread and spatially associated with hydrothermal clay alteration in both the East Alligator River Uranium Field (Northern Territory, Australia) and the Athabasca basin (Saskatchewan, Canada), in the environment of proterozoic unconformity-related uranium deposits (URUD). The purpose of this study is both: 1) to characterize the nature and the origin of the APS minerals on both sides of the middle proterozoic unconformity between the overlying sandstones and the underlying metamorphic basement rocks that host the uranium orebodies, 2) to improve our knowledge on the suitability of these minerals to indicate the paleoconditions (redox, pH) at which the alteration processes relative to the uranium deposition operated. The APS minerals result from the interaction of oxidising and relatively acidic fluids with aluminous host rocks enriched in monazite. Several APS-bearing clay assemblages and APS crystal-chemistry have also been distinguished as a function of the distance from the uranium ore bodies or from the structural discontinuities which drained the hydrothermal solutions during the mineralisation event. One of the main results of this study is that the index mineral assemblages, used in the recent literature to describe the alteration zones around the uranium ore bodies, can be theoretically predicted by a set of thermodynamic calculations which simulate different steps of fluid-rock interaction processes related to a downward penetrating of hypersaline, oxidizing and acidic diagenetic fluids through the lower sandstone units of the basins and then into the metamorphic basement rocks. The above considerations and the fact that APS with different crystal-chemical compositions crystallised in a range of fO2 and pH at which uranium can either be transported in solution or precipitated as uraninite in the host-rocks make these minerals not only good markers of the degree of alteration of the basement rocks but also very good indicators of the fO2 and pH paleoconditions at which the formation of the U-ore bodies took place
Suzzoni, Ariane. "Evolution de la structure des minéraux argileux lors de leurs interactions avec des tensioactifs anioniques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS464.
Full textIn the oil industry, a commonly used method for increasing oil yield is to inject into the reservoir various organic chemicals. However, various interactions between such organic species and clay minerals naturally present in the reservoir rocks sometimes generate numerous detrimental effects. It is of prime importance to better assess and understand the interactions between clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and surfactant molecules (AOT and SDBS). Adsorption in aqueous suspensions of anionic molecules onto the selected clay minerals was studied at different pH using the rest method. A thorough analysis of the obtained adsorption isotherms allows obtaining information about interaction mechanisms that are highly pH-dependent. On the basis of the thus identified mechanisms, we then focused on the influence of surfactant concentration on the stability of aqueous suspensions of kaolinite and illite. Such an analysis was carried out by combining macroscopic observations of the time evolution of sedimentation, rheological measurements and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments. In the case of kaolinite, macroscopic measurements reveal particle disaggregation in the presence of surfactant. At the microscopic level, SAXS investigations evidence strong links between volume fraction and particle orientation in the deposits, both parameters being highly dependent on pH and surfactant concentration. The behaviour of illite suspensions is significantly different as very limited orientation is observed in the sediments. Such differences in behaviour between both clay minerals could be tentatively assigned to differences in size, shape and charge
Bartier, Danièle. "Contrôle lithologique et diagenèse des minéraux argileux dans le Crétacé inférieur basco-cantabrique (N. Espagne)." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10158.
Full textMasutti, Françoise. "Étude expérimentale de la sédimentation-consolidation et de l'acquisition de résistance d'un sol fin." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL579N.
Full textRousset, Davy. "Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard : reconstitution de l'histoire diagénétique et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des cicles. Aspects minéralogiques, géochimiques et isotopiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011348.
Full textVery low-permeable argillaceous rocks like Callovo-Oxfordian claystones or Vraconian siltstones were chosen to host a research laboratory built to determine the physico-chemical properties of the host formations for a potential underground disposal of radioactive waste. Knowledge and understanding of post-sedimentary modifications are of prime importance for definition of these properties; evaluation and quantification of the post-sedimentary changes represent the aim of this study, focused specifically on the clay material of the sequences. Samples were taken from two drillings (HTM102 and MAR501). In the HTM102 core samples, illite and mixed-layers illite/smectite are the dominant clay components of most clay fractions. Systematic SEM and TEM observations and isotopic K-Ar and Rb-Sr analyses pointed to diagenetic neoformations of carbonates (calcite, dolomite) and clays. For instance, veils and laths of authigenic clay particles around old detrital ones can distinctly be observed. The epoch, duration and extent of the diagenetic activity(ies) are difficult to evaluate because of an overall detrital contribution even in the finest granulometric fractions. However, analysis of a bentonite layer in the sequence provides a diagenetic reference for the authigenic clay material. Correlation between relative sea level and authigenesis of smectite-rich mineral has been outlined. Chemistry of diagenetic fluids also seems to be reliable with sea level variations. These observations argue in favour of diagenetic activities limited in restricted rock volumes. The case study of MAR501 is close to the HTM102 one: smectite-rich illite/smectite mixed-layers represent the major component of the clay fraction and K-Ar values argue in the sense of a mixing between detrital and younger clay populations. Diagenetic glauconites in the sequence yield an age close to 93,7±0,3Ma for Vraconian level, in agreement with stratigraphical data. The case study of a clay-filled fault within the sequence favors a confined-sequence behaviour. Indeed, no migrations of elements and especially of REE took place during fluid flows, the clay minerals preserving their geochemical properties. All the results favor reliable confinment properties of the low-permeable argillaceous sequences
Saada, Alain. "Origine des différences de propriétés de surface responsables des contrastes de mouillabilité des minéraux argileux des gisements pétroliers." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0398.
Full textBrendlé, Jocelyne. "Elaboration de beidellites à piliers et d'hétérostructures préparéses à partir de beidellites synthétisées en milieu acide et fluoré et caractérisation." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0458.
Full textBongiolo, Everton Marques. "Intégration de données minéralogiques, isotopes stables (O, H) et porosité de roche (14C-PMMA) dans la reconnaissance de l'évolution de l'altération dans le système hydrothermal de Lavras do Sul-RS, Brésil." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2334.
Full textBrilha, José. "Cinétique de cristallisation et d'altération post-magmatique d'une cheminée basaltique du complexe volcanique de Lisbonne - modélisation du refroidissement et du mécanisme de fracturation en profondeur." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2289.
Full textCapet, Xavier. "Paléoenvironnements et diagenèse argileuse dans le domaine Caraïbe au Cénozoïque." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10046.
Full textParron, Claude. "Voies et mécanismes de cristallogénèse des minéraux argileux ferrifères en milieu marin : le processus de glauconitisation : évolutions minérales, structurales et géochimiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30032.
Full textBernard, Marjorie. "Etude des comportements des sols de marais : evolution minéralogique, structurale et hydromécanique : marais de Rochefort et marais poitevin." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2335.
Full textThe study of shrinkage – swelling mechanisms of soils in the Marais de Rochefort and Marais Poitevin is based on a mineralogical and structural characterisation and on a multi-scale approach of the relations between structural and hydromechanical properties. Illite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite / smectite mixed layer constitute the dominant clay minerals in the sediment. This composition is stable in spite of a discreet illitisation observed in soils and palaeosol. The gravimetric water profiles evolve from the shrinkage limit in surface to the liquidity limit at 3 meters deep. A preliminary shrinkage model was established on the relation between the water content profiles and the shrinkage curve. The in situ investigations based on the cone resistance and resistivity measurements allow to show the soil behaviour laws in two crossed diagrams : void ratio (e) – gravimetric water content (W) – cone resistance (Qd) – saturation index (Sat) and e – W - - Qd. The Archie’s low was calibrated in this mineralogicaly homogeneous soil saturated with variable salinity water. The relation between hydraulic conductivity and microstructure was comprehended using image analyses and œdometer tests on intact samples. In situ, the electrical resistivity imaging shows the sediment structure down to the substratum. Three levels are superimposed: (1) the superior bri in solid state, crosscut by the prism – like structure, (2) the inferior bri, plastic to liquid, with high porosity and (3) deeper bri densified with depth. Thus the hydraulic transfers are mainly governed by the porosity of the plastic-to-liquid bri level
Iriarte, Lecumberri Pedro Ignacio. "Synthèse de minéraux argileux dans le système SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-MgO-Na2O-H2O entre 150 et 225°C." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2252.
Full textDaoudi, Lahcen. "Sédimentation et diagenèse des argiles du Jurassique-supérieur à l'Eocène dans le bassin du Haut-Atlas occidental (Maroc)." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10013.
Full textHubert, Fabien. "Modélisation des diffractogrammes de minéraux argileux en assemblages complexes dans deux sols de climat tempéré : implications minéralogique et pédologique." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2319.
Full textClay minerals play a key role in major soil properties such as soil structure, CEC and organic matter stabilisation. Nevertheless, accurate identification and more often quantification of clay mineral assemblage of soils is doubtful. In this work, we applied, for the first time to soil samples; direct X-Ray diffraction pattern fitting method that was developed for diagenetic clays. It afforded great improvements in the identification and relative quantification of clay mineral assemblage with several mixed layer minerals (MLMs). The fitting software directly compute a theoretical (00l) reflection set which is adjusted to the experimental XRD patterns obtained both in the air-dried (AD, Ca saturation) and ethylene glycol solvated (EG) states. The clay mineral assemblage of the < 2µm fraction was determined for each horizons of two soil profiles from different INRA experimental sites (Versailles and Lusignan). Results show in both soils that clay mineral assemblage is complex with about six to height clay mineral phases. R0 MLMs are abundant in both cases. In order to describe the clay minerals with low coherent scattering domain size, calculation of experimental diffractogram was performed on the < 0. 05 µm fraction for both soils. Results show that for both soils, slight mineralogical variations are observed. The same clay mineral assemblage fits all the soil horizons of the two soil profiles. However, relative proportions change between soil horizons. Clay mineral assemblage of the Luvisol from Versailles (les Closeaux) is dominated by MLM illite/smectite (R0 ~60/40) and smectite. Smectite leaching and/or dissolution from soil surface to BT horizon was attested. Clay mineral assemblage of the Cambisol from Lusignan was dominated by MLM illite/chlorite/smectite and kaolinite. Results show that the actual soil derives from the incorporation of silt in a paleo ferralitic soil
Csontos, László. "Étude géologique d'une portion des Carpathes internes : le massif du Bükk (Nord-Est de la Hongrie). (Stratigraphie, structures, métamorphisme et géodynamique)." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10063.
Full textCseri, Tivadar. "Utilisation de montmorillonites comme catalyseurs ou supports dans des réactions organiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10137.
Full textLevert, Josiane. "Répartition géographique des minéraux argileux dans les sédiments mésozoïques du bassin subalpin : mise en évidence d'une diagenèse complexe." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10014.
Full textMichaux, Laurent. "Altérations supergènes et hydrothermales des roches basiques et ultrabasiques : pétrologie, géochimie et modélisations thermodynamiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30058.
Full textMarme, Frédérique. "Synthèse et caractérisation de solides acides à base de matériaux lamellaires ou mésoporeux." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10237.
Full textAnjos, Camila Wense Dias dos. "Facteurs conditionnant la genèse des minéraux argileux des blackshales et des pélites associées à la formation Irati, Nord du Bassin du Paraná." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Wense-Dias-Dos-Anjos-Camila/2008-Wense-Dias-Dos-Anjos-Camila.pdf.
Full textLa Formation Irati (Permien) présente une vaste distribution dans le Bassin du Paraná, depuis les états de Goiás et de Mato Grosso, au nord, jusqu'à le Rio Grande do Sul, au sud du Brésil. Cette unité fréquemment se trouve traversée par sills de diabase, dont la chaleur change la minéralogie initiale des roches sédimentaires. La géométrie hétérogène du bassin à l'époque de dépôt a rendu propice le développement de différentes faciès sédimentaires dans cette unité, favorisant le dépôt de roches terrigènes au sud du bassin et carbonatées et évaporitiques au nord. Au nord du bassin, où se trouve le secteur d'étude de cette thèse, six faciès sédimentaires ont été reconnues pour la Formation Irati: Faciès Carbonaté Dolomitique, Faciès Pélitique Inférieur, Faciès Carbonaté Oolitique, Faciès Pélitique Supérieur, Faciès Stromatolitique et Faciès Carbonaté Rosé. Les quatre premiers faciès sont reconnus dans tout le bord nord du bassin, et les deux derniers arrivent seulement dans la région de Alto Garças - MT. La composition minéralogique des pélites de cette région, ainsi que les caractéristiques sédimentaires, se distinguent de leurs équivalents dans les autres régions du bassin. Les black shales et les niveaux d'argillite verte intercalés sont composés anormalement de smectites-Mg et -Fe, saponite et nontronite respectivement. Elles se distinguent en outre par la basse concentration d'Al et des álcalis. Pour la caractérisation de la paragenèse sédimentaire de ces pelites, il faut premièrement identifier l'influence de la chaleur des sills sous ces roches. La saponite est encore présente dans le contact avec les corps ignés. Proche des sills, la formation de saponite s’accompagne de talc, serpentine, pyroxène et plagioclase. Les cristaux métamorphiques ont été différenciés des composantes sédimentaires à partir des caractéristiques texturales et quantités relatives. Les black shales sans influence thermique de sills sont formés majoritairement par de la saponite et du quartz, avec des petites quantités de talc, nontronite et serpentine. Les argillites vertes sont formées par de la nontronite, lizardite et quartz, avec des contributions de saponite et de talc. La formation des minéraux argileux mentionnés ci-dessus est rapportée à l’altération des minéraux détritiques mafiques (pyroxène, amphibole, olivine), qui peuvent provenir ou d'un secteur proximal, dans les voisinages du bassin, ou de sources volcaniques distantes dont les débris ont été déposés à partir de la chute de cendres dans le bassin. L'actuelle configuration du secteur source au nord du bassin n'est pas cohérente avec la composition des minéraux argileux des pelites (saponite, talc, lizardite, nontronite), ni avec les autres minéraux détritiques associés (spinelle, amphibole, pyroxène, chromite entre autres). Ces derniers indiquent une source composée principalement par des roches mafiques/ultramafiques. Un niveau d'argilitte verte intercalée dans les black shales est formé principalement par de la nontronite et du quartz. Elle présente des quantités anormales de zircon, monazite, apatite et chromite, et de hautes teneurs en ETR. L’anomalie en Cérium et accentuée. Ces caractéristiques indiquent la contribution de cendres volcaniques dans la formation de cette argilitte, qui selon sa composition géochimique possède une affinité avec des roches andésitiques. Des activités volcaniques permiennes avec une composition intermédiaire à basique sont reconnues dans le Groupe Mitu, dans la portion centrale de Andes
The Permian Irati Formation has an extensive distribution in the Paraná basin, and is frequently intruded by diabase sills. The heterogeneous geometry of the basin in the depositional time propitiated the development of different sedimentary facies in this unit and favored the deposition of terrigenous rocks in the south portion of the basin and carbonate and evaporitic rocks in the north portion. In the north area, six sedimentary facies were distinguished in the Irati Formation: Dolomitic Carbonate Facies, Lower Pelitic Facies, Oolitic Carbonate Facies, Upper Pelitic Facies, Stromatolitic Facies and Pink Carbonate Facies. The first four facies are recognized in all the north area of the basin, but the last two ones occur only next to Alto Garças city. The pelites of these facies have a distinct mineral composition when compared with other areas of the basin. The black shales and green claystones interbedded have low amounts of Al and alkalis and they are anomalously formed of saponite and nontronite respectively. Saponite occurs in rocks without sill thermal influence and also in the contact with intrusive rocks. Thus, it is necessary to identify the non-metamorphic assemblages from the metamorphic ones in order to research the geochemical signature of the sediment sources. Next to the sills, the crystals of saponite, talc, lizardite, pyroxene and plagioclase were formed. These metamorphic minerals can be distinguished from the sedimentary ones by their relative quantities and texture. The black shales without sill thermal influence are formed predominantly by saponite and quartz, with less amounts of talc, lizardite and nontronite. The interbedded green claystones are composed of nontronite, lizardite and quartz, and in lesser amounts of talc and saponite. The formation of the Mg- and Fe-rich clay minerals is related to the alteration of mafic minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, olivine), whose origin could be either a proximal source area or a distal contemporaneous active volcanos (ashes). The clay minerals components of the pelites (saponite, talc, lizardite and nontronite) as well as the detrital minerals associated (Cr-spinel, amphibole, pyroxene, chromite among others) indicate a source area with a predominant mafic/ultramafic composition. One level of green claystone formed by nontronite and quartz has anomalous amounts of euhedral zircon, monazite, apatite and chromite, as well as high amounts of REE. These features indicate an important volcanic ash contribution to this level. According to their geochemical composition, these volcanic ashes have an andesitic composition. Permian volcanic activities with intermediate to basic composition are recorded in the Mitu Group, Central Andes
Laverret, Emmanuel. "Evolutions temporelles et spatiales des altérations argileuses des gisements d'uranium sous discordance, secteur de Shea Creek (bassin de l'Athabasca, Canada)." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2310.
Full textA detailed study of clays minerals assemblages has been performed in the Shea Creek prospect (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada), with more than 160 samples representing the diagenetic background and the vicinity of U mineralizations. Petrographic studies, textural analysis (SEM), crystal-chemical characterisation (XRD, FTIR and microprobe analysis) and K-Ar dating allow to define spatially the alteration assemblages are associated with the main mineralization event. Their genesis has been reconstructed. Between approximately 1600 et 1400 Ma, sandstone formations were affected by a kaolinite-dickite diagenesis as observed regionally in the basin. The first illitization stage (± dravite) is situated between 1400-1350 Ma, and dates the opening of the diagenetic system to basement fluids, resulting probably of the reactivation of tectonic structures. The period 1350-1150 Ma corresponds to new illitization phases, which are certainly associated with a long activity of the faults system. The microstructural and textural properties of illites are good indicators of the paleoconditions during their formation: (1) 1Mc-illite (lath morphologies) have grown at the expense of kaolin minerals and the fluids had lower sursaturations than (2) 1Mt-illite (hairy morphologies), associated with sudoite. This illite have grown from fluids which reflects a strong contribution of alteration products of basement rocks. From an exploration point of view, the model show a strong relation between U-mineralization and an 1Mt-illite + sudoite + dravite assemblage
Territo, Claudio. "I suoli della area forestale di mustigarufi : contributo mineralogico allo studio della pedogenesi." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2255.
Full textSoils of Mustigarufi wood are representative of the Sicily interior. Based on a spatial variability survey of chemical and physical properties (electric conductivity, apparent electric conductivity, pH, grain size distribution) of soils situated on along slope, the study of clay mineralogy and geochemistry was emphasized. Elemental analysis of major and trace elements composition was carried out. Total content and its spatial variability both in the profile and in the whole study area was investigated. The final part of this thesis deals with properties of fine clay mineral fraction. Origin, thermodynamic stability and distribution in the study area and their relationships with the pedological Environment were taken into account
Dzene, Liva. "Influence de la taille des particules et de la cristallochimie sur les propriétés d'échange cationique des minéraux argileux gonflants." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2283.
Full textThe swelling clay minerals are ubiquitous in all areas of the surface of the Earth, particularly in soils. The lamellar structure of these minerals and their small size are at the origin of their high reactivity in particular with respect to pollutants and nutrients that are present in soil pore water. In this context, our work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between swelling clay minerals and cations of nutritive (calcium) and/or environmental interest (cesium, strontium). In soils, swelling clay minerals have broad size distribution and can have a varied crystal chemistry. Therefore, to better understand the role of each of these parameters on the reactivity of the natural particles, we worked with "model systems", which are yet representative of the swelling clay particles encountered in soil environment. Different particle size fractions of vermiculite and different synthetic saponites characterised by well-controlled layer charge were used as "model systems". Results concerning ion-exchange isotherms for Cs and Sr, in competition with major cations of natural waters (Na, Ca), were obtained by combining chemical analyses and 00ℓ reflection modelling of X-ray diffractograms in order to assess the cation distribution between the different adsorption sites (interlayer vs external) located on swelling clay minerals. Such approach and the use of ‘model systems’ have allowed us to obtain quantitative parameters describing the reactivity of soil swelling clay mineral particles, and should be considered in reactive transport codes devoted to predict the migration of nutritive and polluted cations in soil environments
Hebert, Benoit. "Approche quantitative par spectrométrie Vis-NIR des minéraux argileux et uranifères dans les sables du gisement de Tortkuduk, Kazakhstan." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2268/document.
Full textUranium roll-front type sandstone-hosted deposits from Kazakhstan account for about 13% of the worldwide uranium reserve in 2015. Clay minerals occur at every step of the mining cycle and recently begun to be considered by mining companies.The proportions and distribution of these clay minerals in the sediments at the roll-front deposit scale could improve the exploration, exploitation and rehabilitation of such uranium deposits.Several methods were developed to identify and quantify minerals using a portable near-infrared spectrometer, a convenient and fast analytical tool for use in the field. These methods were calibrated with the help of a wide spectral database and the conception of artificial sands.The clay mineral content, and more importantly, the smectite content can be obtained from a single spectral measurement. It enables the detection of smectite-rich areas to optimise the uranium extraction process where they occur. Combination of the methods provide a mapping tool for clay minerals at the ore deposit scale, yielding information about its actual geometry and formation.Uranium ore bodies migration was observed at the ore deposit scale with the use of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Crystalline radiation induced defects in clay minerals that were in close contact with uranium showed records of the past migration
Attari, Allel. "Caractéristiques physiques et processus de migration de l'eau dans les matériaux à base de gypse et de minéraux argileux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0094.
Full textAfter hardening, β hemihydrate plasters are essentially macroporus materials (r>1000Å), then constitute media into which liquid water can easily migrate. The aim of the present work was to remedy such an inconvenient by incorporating into the material, before hardening; finely divided solids such as mineral clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, talc, sepioloite and attapulgite) or a thermally activated mineral clay (meta-kaolinite) added or not to calcium hydroxide or ordinary Portland cement. The research as allowed to point out that certain precited solids idi not sensitively modify either hydratation kinetics (investigation by isothermal calorimetry) nor both compressive and flexural strength, when the content of additive solids does not exceed 10% in weight in plaster. But all added solids decrease both the pore size distribution and , except for metakaolinite-lime addition, the water migration rate into the material. He results concerning the last point have been obtained by using an original experimental set allowing the study of water migration on variable hydraulic charge. A theoretical modelling of the phenomenon implying to take into account experimental values of permeability coefficient, pore size distribution and total open porosity of the material, has been proposed. The present work has allowed to define without any ambiguity, the choice of solid additives able to resolve the set problem
Esnault, Loïc. "Réactivité géomicrobiologique des matériaux et minéraux ferrifères : impact sur la sureté d'un stockage de déchets radioactifs en milieux argileux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10139/document.
Full textThis thesis sought to describe the dynamic concept of a viable and sustainable microbiological activity under deep geological disposal conditions and to assess its impact on containment properties and storage components. Thus, in this study, a model based on the bacterial ferric reduction was chosen for its sustainability criteria in the system and its ability to alter the materials in storage conditions. The main results of this work demonstrated the capability of the environment to stand the iron-reducing bacterial activity and the conditions of its development in the deep clay environments. The bio-availability of structural Fe (III) in clay minerals and iron oxides produced during the process of metal corrosion was clearly demonstrated. In this system, the corrosion appears to be a positive factor on bacterial activities by producing an energy source, hydrogen. The iron-reducing bacterial activities can lead to a resumption of metallic corrosion through the consumption of iron oxides in the passive film. The direct consequence would be a reduction of the lifetime of metal containers. In the case of ferric clay minerals, the consequences of such an activity are such that they can have an impact on the overall porous structure both in terms of chemical reactivity of the materials or physical behavior of the clayey barrier. One of the most significant results is the crystallization of new clay phases at very low temperatures, below 40°C, highlighting the influence of the anaerobic microbial activity in the mineralogical transformations of clay minerals. Furthermore, these experiments also allowed to visualize, for the first time, a mechanism of bacterial respiration at distance, this increases the field of the availability of essential elements as Fe3+ for bacterial growth in extreme environment. In conclusion, these results clearly showed the impact of the microbiological factor on the reactivity of clay and metal minerals, while relying on control parameters on bacterial activity. The relevance of taking into account these microbiological activities in the case of safety assessments of a repository is then established
Truche, Camille. "Caractérisation et quantification des minéraux argileux dans les sols expansifs par spectroscopie infrarouge aux échelles du laboratoire et du terrain." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594021.
Full textMessad-Challal, Djouhra. "Production (photo)catalytique de combustibles à partir d'eau, de dioxyde ou de monoxyde de carbone, en surface de minéraux argileux." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0215.
Full textPapapanagiotou, Photinie. "Evolution des minéraux argileux en relation avec la dynamique des champs géothermiques haute enthalpie : l'exemple du champ de Chipilapa (Salvador)." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2324.
Full textBouna, Lahcen. "Fonctionnalisation des minéraux argileux d'origine marocaine par TiO2 en vue de l'élimination par photocatalyse de micropolluants organiques des milieux aqueux." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0143/document.
Full textThis work was devoted to the elaboration by wet route (pillaring, solvothermal and colloidal) of TiO2 supported photocatalysts on three kinds of clay minerals (stevensite, beidellite and palygorskite) from Morocco, to their characterizations and finally to the evaluation of their photocatalytic activities towards the removal from aqueous media of anionic Orange G dye, widely used in textile industry. Stevensite and beidellite were magnesian trioctahedral and aluminiferous dioctahedral smectites respectively. Nevertheless, palygorskite was a fibrous Al-rich clay mineral with a predominant dioctahedral character. The photocatalyst materials elaborated by the pillaring of stevensite or beidellite did not reveal the formation of TiO2 interlayer pillars, but the observation of an amorphous matrix of Ti-rich phase within which were distributed some rare unaltered particles of phyllosilicates. Those based on stevensite elaborated according to solvothermal method also showed dissolved phyllosilicates particles, but within crystalline TiO2 anatase matrix. Nevertheless, the functionalized materials developed according to colloidal route exhibited successful immobilization of anatase nanoparticles (10 nm) onto as well as more or less exfoliated layers of stevensite or beidellite than on palygorskite fibers. Anatase remained remarkably stable up to 900 °C when attached to particles of clay minerals in comparison with that developed in their absence which underwent a complete transformation into rutile at around 650°C. This remarkable stability at high temperature of anatase supported on clay minerals particles was due to the hindrance of particles growth by sintering whose the sizes remained below the nucleus critical sizes (30 nm) required for its transition into less photoactive rutile. The photocatalysis tests revealed that the catalytic activity of different elaborated materials increased according to the synthesis route: pillaring process - solvothermal method - colloidal route and according to the nature of clay mineral: stevensite - beidellite - palygorskite. In addition, the supported photocatalysts based on beidellite or palygorskite prepared by colloidal route were found to be twice more active than the commercial TiO2 powder Degussa P25. Furthermore, their particles easily floculated so that they are readily removable from treated solutions without resorting to expensive microfiltration required upon the use of Degussa P25
Drummond, C. Varajao Angelica F. "Mécanismes de conversion des interstratifiés ordonnés illite-smectite en illite dans les shales : application à la série diagénétique de Barra de Itiuba (bassin Sergipe-Alagoas, Brésil)." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2317.
Full textBardot, Frédérique. "Les minéraux argileux et leur hétérogénéité superficielle : influence de la nature des cations compensateurs superficiels de l'illite sur les mécanismes d'adsorption de gaz." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_BARDOT_F.pdf.
Full textPloquin, Florian. "Argiles, traceurs de paléoconditions diagénétiques et hydrothermales." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2287.
Full textWithin the framework of the multi-organization TAPSS 2000 program - GNR-FORPRO, led on the Bure site (Meuse-France), the ANDRA Company realized a deep drilling (named EST 433) to investigate the local Trias because the grounds Triassic levels constituting the bed rock of Clayey level for the storage of the nuclear waste. The drilling cut the Trias rocks on a total thickness of 700m, successively from the bottom up: (1) the Buntsandstein (120 m) is characterized by sandy-conglomerat facies ; (2) the Muschelkalk (150m) is essentially consisted of clayey-sandy-siltstone series headed by a dolomitic deposit system ; (3) the Keuper part (450m) is an alternation of sandy-claystone or silty-claystone deposits with insertions of saliferous levels ; (4) finally the rethienne part of the drilling associated with Hettangien (80 m), are characterized by clayey-shale facies. This lithostratigraphy can redraw the evolution of the sedimentary paléoenvironments since fluviatiles circles (Buntsandstein) then lagoon (upper Muschelkalk), to large floods plains systems occasionaly invaded by sea (Keuper) and, finally, in an epicontinental sea context (Rhétien-Hettangien) announcing the generalized transgressive phase of which the progressive evolution coming from the border towards the center of the basin. The nearness of the continental areas is recorded in the detrital fraction of the Triassic sediments. The geochemistry of these materials signs their continental crust character and their associated isotopic Nd-Sm values gives a Hercynian meta-sediments and granites origin with from time to time a contribution of young forming rock. The mineralogy of the clayey fraction (< 0,2µm) shows that only the conglomerate on the base of the drilling consists of an assembly of dickite and illites strictly associated with regular illite / smectite mixed-layer of R=1 type illite-rich. These last ones are the main part of the clayey mineralogy of the draining facies of Buntsandstein and are in association with other clay in the rest of the Triassic series. Corrensites, regular chlorite/smectite mixed-layer of R=1 type (50/50) are developed in the Muschelkalk and Keuper magnesium rich levels. They disappear in the Rhetien-Hettangien transition, in fine facies rich in organic matter, where irregular illite/smectite mixed-layer of R=0 type were protected. These authigenics clays and the isotopic data indicate that this East part of the Paris basin is under the combined influence of a thermal history controlled by a low geothermal gradient and fluids circulations. The low geothermal gradient (30°C. Km-1) is recorded by a moderate diagenesis in the Muschelkalk and Keuper lithofacies. The fluids circulations are identified in all the studied series but are the most remarkable in silicoclastic draining lithofacies of Buntsanstein. Dated, they mark some events during Liassic period
Meiller, Clémentine. "Etude cristallochimique de solutions solides de minéraux argileux. Impact de la déshydratation des smectites sur les surpressions dans les bassins sédimentaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863843.
Full textMeiller, Clémentine. "Étude cristallochimique de solutions solides de minéraux argileux : Impact de la déshydratation des smectites sur les surpressions dans les bassins sédimentaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066250.
Full textSince the energetic demand is increasing, the oil companies have to prospect in more hostile drilling conditions, such as in deep buried reservoirs that can present overpressures. Among the mechanisms put in evidence to explain the generation of overpressure there is water released from mineral reaction. This PhD thesis focuses on the contribution of the reaction of smectite dehydration. Smectites are clay minerals belonging to the phyllosilicates swelling family. Their particularity is to incorporate water in their structure, leading to huge volume variations. They present a wide chemical variability: cationic substitutions impart a net negative charge to the 2:1 layer, compensated by interlayer cations, such as Na+ or Ca2+. In a first part, we calculated cell parameters of dioctahedral smectites in the systems SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-H2O and SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO-H2O, in a wide range of chemical compositions by Rietveld analysis from X-ray diffraction patterns, for different hydration states. Chemical formulae have been determined by scanning electronic microscopy with an energy dispersive probe. Margules parameters of each solid solution have been determined for a non ideal asymetric model. It appears that hydration is the main factor influencing molar volume variations but chemical composition has an effect too. In a second part, we combined results from the thermodynamic study with data extracted from basin modelling, in order to estimate the contribution of smectite dehydration on overpressure generation in sedimentary basins. The case studied is from Niger Delta, where can be found high sedimentary rates, thick shale layers and overpressures due to undercompaction
Prêt, Dimitri. "Nouvelles méthodes quantitatives de cartographie de la minéralogie et de la porosité dans les matériaux argileux : application aux bentonites compactées des barrières ouvragées." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2334.
Full textLavastre, Véronique. "Evénements sédimentaires, diagénétiques et post-diagénétiques dans la formation argileuse du Callovo-Oxfordien (Bassin de Paris, France) : enregistrement isotopique des minéraux et de l'eau porale." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077103.
Full textChernoburova, Olga. "Étude des interactions entre les particules fines dans les suspensions concentrées pour améliorer la valorisation de minerais complexes durable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0272.
Full textFine particle mineral slurries are known to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the load. The particle-particle interactions in such suspensions go beyond physical contact due to the collision and friction. An ability of minerals to gain the charge in the aqueous environment justifies different behaviors of the similar systems. Being characterized with the same volumetric fraction, chemistry and particle size distribution of solids, and specific gravity of dispersing media, two suspensions can possess different rheological behavior due to the chemistry of the solution. In this case, the ionic composition of the media defines particle charging, and thus the degree of agglomeration/dispersion in the suspension. Phyllosilicate clays are known to be particularly problematic in the mineral beneficiation processes. Their nature leads spatial chemical inhomogeneity, meaning that the particle edge and face possess different chemical and physical properties. The presence of such minerals in the stirring devices (stirring tanks, flotation cells) is often characterized with coexistence of stagnant and agitated volumes of slurry, which negatively impacts the efficiency of stirring. In this work, the dilute aqueous Na-bentonite suspensions were examined via magnetic resonance imaging velocimetry to investigate the influence of pH and type of monovalent electrolyte on their local rheological behavior. The results indicated that suspensions with 0.1 vol.% solid can exhibit shear banding, shear localization or no local phenomenon as a function of chemistry of the suspending media. It was suggested that the existence of master curve (or global flow curve) for dilute suspensions was dependent on the bentonite particle organization in the suspension, which was influenced by the chemistry of the environment and the previous flow history. In the next step, second mineral phase (hematite or quartz) was added to the bentonite matrix. The interest in examination of such systems is related to the flow behavior of matrix formed with different kinds of inter-particle contacts. For example, at pH 4 the resulting electrostatic interaction between positively charged bentonite edge and negatively charged quartz is attractive, whereas at the same pH it is repulsive with the positively charged hematite. These electrostatic interactions result in different organization of matrix particles around another mineral phase. In the system with solely repulsive interactions between all sites of all mineral phases (e.g., quartz and bentonite, pH 10) the deviation from Newtonian behavior is justified by the shear-induced particle rearrangements, collision and friction. The difference in the arrangement of bentonite particle aggregates around the hematite or quartz particles was observed using SEM. As a next step the third mineral phase was added. The types of contacts established in the suspensions with different chemistry of the media were discussed along with their flow propperties