To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mineros bolivianos.
Journal articles on the topic 'Mineros bolivianos'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 46 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Mineros bolivianos.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gerardo, Fernández Juárez. "El "Tío" está sordo: Los mineros bolivianos y el Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial." Aibr, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11156/aibr.080303.
Full text
2
Marston, Andrea, and Tom Perreault. "Consent, coercion and cooperativismo: Mining cooperatives and resource regimes in Bolivia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674008.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines ways in which regional political, economic, and cultural hegemonies maintain “resource regimes” by exploring the emergence of mining cooperatives as central actors in Bolivia’s extractive economy. Like much of Latin America, Bolivia is experiencing a boom in resource extraction. Unlike other Latin American countries, in which the surge in mining activity is driven almost entirely by private, mostly transnational capital, relatively small-scale mining cooperatives play a major role in Bolivia’s mining economy. We draw on the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and the integral state to explore the historical and contemporary relationship between mining cooperatives and unfolding patterns of mineral, water, and territorial governance, particularly in Oruro and Potosí departments. We argue that the regional hegemony of the mining economy has been constructed and maintained by the close historical relationship between mining cooperatives and the Bolivian state. Since the 1930s, the state has supported the formation of mining cooperatives as a means of bolstering the mining economy and stemming political unrest; in recent decades, however, cooperatives have become more actively involved in the maintenance of mining’s regional hegemony.
3
Câmara, Marcelo Argenta. "Juntas vecinales de El Alto: memórias campesino-sindicais na constituição do protagonismo social." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2011v13n1p63.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Este artigo analisa a constituição dos movimentos sociais urbanos na municipalidade de El Alto, na Bolívia, enfatizando os aspectos de re-territorialização das práticas sociais aymarás e mineiras no espaço urbano boliviano. A partir desta análise procura-se destacar a importância de tais movimentos para os processos políticos vividos naquele país ao longo da última década, destacando-se, em especial, os acontecimentos do anode 2003 conhecidos como a Guerra do Gás. O trabalho teve como metodologia a pesquisa participativa e sua construção prioriza os depoimentos obtidos junto aos próprios integrantesdos movimentos analisados. Nas considerações finais destaca-se a importância de uma análiseque abranja as diferentes perspectivas mencionadas aqui para uma compreensão efetiva daação social na Bolívia.Palavras-chave: Aymarás; Bolívia; El Alto; Juntas Vecinales; mineiros; movimentos sociais; urbanização. Abstract: This paper analyzes the formation of urban social movements in themunicipality of El Alto, Bolivia, emphasizing aspects of the re-territorialisation of aymara’sand miner workers’s social practices in Bolivian urban space. This analysis seeks to highlightthe importance of these movements to the political processes experienced in that country overthe past decade, highlighting in particular the events of 2003 known as Guerra do Gás (The Gas War). The methodology is the participatory research and its construction prioritizes thestatements obtained from the very members of the movements analyzed. The conclusions highlight the importance of an analysis covering the different perspectives mentioned here foran effective understanding of social auctioning in Bolivia.Keywords: Aymaras; Bolívia; El Alto; Juntas Vecinales; mine workers; socialmovements; urbanization.
4
Marston, Andrea, and Amy Kennemore. "Extraction, Revolution, Plurinationalism: Rethinking Extractivism from Bolivia." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18781347.
Full textAbstract:
With the ratification of its new constitution in 2009, Bolivia was transformed into a “plurinational state” associated with ecologically oriented values, yet resource extraction has expanded ever since. Fieldwork conducted in communities in highland Bolivia shows how resource extraction sustains and is sustained by “revolutionary narratives” in which the state—led by President Evo Morales—is configured as the protagonist of the plurinational era. Examination of the challenges presented by Bolivia’s indigenous communities and mining cooperatives to this revolutionary narrative during the 2014 adoption of new mining legislation suggests that shifting critical focus away from revolutionary change toward what David Scott calls the “politics of the present” might be a more fruitful way to think about the relationship between resource extraction and Bolivia’s plurinationalism. Al ratificar su nueva constitución en 2009, Bolivia se transformó en un “estado plurinacional” asociado con valores ecológicos; sin embargo, la extracción de recursos se ha expandido desde entonces. Investigaciones llevado a cabo en comunidades de las tierras altas de Bolivia muestran cómo la extracción de recursos sostiene y se sustenta en las “narrativas revolucionarias” en las que el estado, encabezado por el presidente Evo Morales, se configura como el protagonista de la era plurinacional. Examinar como las comunidades indígenas y las cooperativas mineras de Bolivia cuestionaron esta narrativa revolucionaria durante la adopción de la nueva legislación minera en 2014 sugiere que virar el enfoque crítico desde el cambio revolucionario hacia lo que David Scott llama la “política del presente” podría ser una forma más fructífera pensar en la relación entre la extracción de recursos y el plurinacionalismo boliviano.
5
Haynes, Nell. "‘Overloaded like a Bolivian truck’." Sexuality and the discursive construction of the digital self in the Global South 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.19002.hay.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Memes have become an important linguistic tool not only for communicating emotions and ideas, but also are integral to constructing the self in online space. This paper concentrates on copper miners in northern Chile and the ways they use memes to make claims related to (hetero)sexuality, mestizaje, and nationalism. With men at the mine during week-long shifts and families in towns several hours away, social media is important for maintaining communication as well as representing the self. Miners present their labor as central to their sense of self, with memes that indirectly index heterosexuality, modernity associated with resource extraction, and racial mestizaje linked to nationalism. The visibility of these memes across spaces of both mine and town gives men an opportunity to construct a cohesive digital self, with implications for reinforcing assumptions about what is appropriate gender performance.
6
Torres, Melgarejo, Torró, Camprubí, Castillo-Oliver, Artiaga, Campeny, et al. "The Poopó Polymetallic Epithermal Deposit, Bolivia: Mineralogy, Genetic Constraints, and Distribution of Critical Elements." Minerals 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080472.
Full textAbstract:
The tin-rich polymetallic epithermal deposit of Poopó, of plausible Late Miocene age, is part of the Bolivian Tin Belt. As an epithermal low sulfidation mineralisation, it represents a typological end-member within the “family” of Bolivian tin deposits. The emplacement of the mineralisation was controlled by the regional fault zone that constitutes the geological border between the Bolivian Altiplano and the Eastern Andes Cordillera. In addition to Sn and Ag, its economic interest resides in its potential in critical elements as In, Ga and Ge. This paper provides the first systematic characterisation of the complex mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Poopó deposit with the twofold aim of identifying the mineral carriers of critical elements and endeavouring to ascertain plausible metallogenic processes for the formation of this deposit, by means of a multi-methodological approach. The poor development of hydrothermal alteration assemblage, the abundance of sulphosalts and the replacement of löllingite and pyrrhotite by arsenopyrite and pyrite, respectively, indicate that this deposit is ascribed to the low-sulphidation subtype of epithermal deposits, with excursions into higher states of sulphidation. Additionally, the occurrence of pyrophyllite and topaz has been interpreted as the result of discrete pulses of high-sulphidation magmatic fluids. The δ34SVCDT range in sulphides (−5.9 to −2.8‰) is compatible either with: i. hybrid sulphur sources (i.e., magmatic and sedimentary or metasedimentary); or ii. a sole magmatic source involving magmas that derived from partial melting of sedimentary rocks or underwent crustal assimilation. In their overall contents in critical elements (In, Ga and Ge), the key minerals in the Poopó deposit, based on their abundance in the deposit and compositions, are rhodostannite, franckeite, cassiterite, stannite and, less importantly, teallite, sphalerite and jamesonite.
7
Gallego, Ferrán. "La política económica del “socialismo militar” boliviano." Anuario de Estudios Americanos 50, no. 1 (June 30, 1993): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aeamer.1993.v50.i1.527.
Full textAbstract:
La gestión del "socialismo militar" boliviano tuvo como objetivos económicos explicitos el fomento del capitalismo nacional, la ruptura de la dependencia externa, el control de las grandes fortunas mineras, el reforzamiento fiscal del Estado y una prudente redistribución de la riqueza. Este proyecto de modernización desarrollista se enfrentó con una seria crisis iniciada con la depresión de 1929 y agravada por la guerra del Chaco. En la misma medida en que tal coyuntura favoreció el acceso de los militares al poder, dificultó también la realización de un programa de corte expansionista. Las propuestas de reforma de las estructuras hubieron de sacrificarse a la corrección de los fuertes desequilibrios coyunturales: inflación, déficit estatal, caída en los precios del estaño, etc. La política económica restrictiva, acompañada de la timidez con que se afrontó el boicot de los sectores oligárquicos, determinó la decepción y debilitamiento de las capas populares, restando apoyo social al gobierno y clausurando las expectativas reformistas.
8
Godoy, Ricardo. "Production Strategies of Bolivian Miners: Methodological and Empirical Considerations." Human Organization 46, no. 1 (March 1987): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.46.1.86r443q51932861l.
Full text
9
Loza, Gabriel. "La experiencia boliviana y la organización comunitaria cooperativa en el marco de la economía plural." Revista de la Academia 21 (May 28, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/0196318.0.57.
Full textAbstract:
<p>El autor sostiene que, a diferencia de lo que postula el Modelo de Economía Plural, el proceso de avance en la realidad boliviana es desigual, dado que, por una parte, se ha centrado en la nacionalización y en las empresas públicas, y, por otra, se asienta en la forma de organización cooperativa en el sector minero y en el sector informal de la economía, relegando la economía solidaria, en un contexto con alta desprotección social, informal y capitalista. No se observan avances en un socialismo comunitario, puesto que el peso y la importancia de la comunidad campesina se ha mantenido relativamente igual con relación a los gobiernos anteriores, salvo la economía campesina de la coca, basada en pequeños propietarios y escasa tradición comunitaria.</p><p>Palabras clave: Economía Social Solidaria, Economía Plural, Nacionalismo, Empresas Públicas</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>The Bolivian experience and the community and cooperative organization within the framework of the plural economy</em></p><p><em>The author argues that, unlike what postulated Model Plural Economy, the process advance in the Bolivian reality is uneven, since on the one hand, has focused on nationalization and public enterprises, and, on another, sits in the form of cooperative organization in the mining sector and the informal sector of the economy, relegating the solidarity economy, in a context with high social, informal and capitalist vulnerability. No progress has been made in a community socialism, since the weight and importance of the peasant community has remained relatively unchanged compared to previous governments, except the peasant coca economy based on small landowners and little community tradition.<br /></em></p><p><em>Keywords: Social Solidarity Economy, Plural Economy, Nationalization and Public Companies</em></p>
10
Cacho, Andreu, Joan-Carles Melgarejo, Antoni Camprubí, Lisard Torró, Montgarri Castillo-Oliver, Belén Torres, David Artiaga, et al. "Mineralogy and Distribution of Critical Elements in the Sn–W–Pb–Ag–Zn Huanuni Deposit, Bolivia." Minerals 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120753.
Full textAbstract:
The polymetallic Huanuni deposit, a world-class tin deposit, is part of the Bolivian tin belt. As a likely case for a “mesothermal” or transitional deposit between epithermal and porphyry Sn types (or shallow porphyry Sn), it represents a case that contributes significantly to the systematic study of the distribution of critical elements within the “family” of Bolivian tin deposits. In addition to Sn, Zn and Ag, further economic interest in the area resides in its potential in critical elements such as In, Ga and Ge. This paper provides the first systematic characterisation of the complex mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Huanuni deposit with the twofold aim of identifying the mineral carriers of critical elements and endeavouring plausible metallogenic processes for the formation of this deposit, by means of a multi-methodological approach. With In concentrations consistently over 2000 ppm, the highest potential for relevant concentrations in this metal resides in widespread tin minerals (cassiterite and stannite) and sphalerite. Hypogene alteration assemblages are hardly developed due to the metasedimentary nature of host rocks, but the occurrence of potassium feldspar, schorl, pyrophyllite and dickite as vein material stand for potassic to phyllic or advanced argillic alteration assemblages and relatively high-temperature (and low pH) mineralising fluids. District-scale mineralogical zonation suggests a thermal zonation with decreasing temperatures from the central to the peripheral areas. A district-scale zonation has been also determined for δ34SVCDT values, which range −7.2‰ to 0.2‰ (mostly −7‰ to −5‰) in the central area and −4.2‰ to 1.0‰ (mainly constrained between −2‰ and 1‰) in peripheral areas. Such values stand for magmatic and metasedimentary sources for sulfur, and their spatial zoning may be related to differential reactivity between mineralising fluids and host rocks, outwardly decreasing from the central to the peripheral areas.
11
Auty, R. M. "THE RESOURCE CURSE THESIS: MINERALS IN BOLIVIAN DEVELOPMENT, 1970–90." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 15, no. 2 (December 1994): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1994.tb00055.x.
Full text
12
Huesca, Robert. "A procedural view of participatory communication: lessons from Bolivian tin miners' radio." Media, Culture & Society 17, no. 1 (January 1995): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344395017001007.
Full text
13
Quichua Chaico, David. "Convenidos y beneficiados: Ayacucho en la Confederación Peruana–Boliviana (1836–1839)." Alteritas 7, no. 8 (December 1, 2018): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.51440/unsch.revistaalteritas.2018.8.165.
Full textAbstract:
El presente artículo estudia las razones del apoyo, los beneficios y resultados del proyecto de la Confederación peruana–boliviana en Ayacucho. Consideramos que la población de Ayacucho apoyó por la mejora de la comunicación, ornato, salud y minería. Asimismo, por mantener vínculos políticos y sociales con los indígenas. Sin embargo, fracasaron por la corrupción, los privilegios y la mala administración de las autoridades políticas y eclesiásticas de Ayacucho.
14
Quichua Chaico, David. "Convenidos y beneficiados: Ayacucho en la Confederación Peruana–Boliviana (1836–1839)." Alteritas 7, no. 8 (December 1, 2018): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.51440/unsch.revistaalteritas.2018.8.165.
Full textAbstract:
El presente artículo estudia las razones del apoyo, los beneficios y resultados del proyecto de la Confederación peruana–boliviana en Ayacucho. Consideramos que la población de Ayacucho apoyó por la mejora de la comunicación, ornato, salud y minería. Asimismo, por mantener vínculos políticos y sociales con los indígenas. Sin embargo, fracasaron por la corrupción, los privilegios y la mala administración de las autoridades políticas y eclesiásticas de Ayacucho.
15
Bentz, Jennifer L., and Ronald C. Peterson. "THE FORMATION OF CLAY MINERALS IN THE MUDFLATS OF BOLIVIAN SALARS." Clays and Clay Minerals 68, no. 2 (April 2020): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42860-020-00065-x.
Full text
16
Huesca, Robert. "Subject‐authored theories of media practice: The case of Bolivian Tin Miners’ radio." Communication Studies 46, no. 3-4 (September 1995): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510979509368449.
Full text
17
Lee, Kenneth, Patricia Stoffyn-Egli, and Edward H. Owens. "NATURAL DISPERSION OF OIL IN A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM: DESAGUADERO PIPELINE SPILL, BOLIVIA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1445.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT During a flood event in January 2000, approximately 29,000 barrels of mixed crude oil and condensate was accidentally released from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline at a crossing point on the Rio Desaguadero, Bolivia. The resultant downstream impact zone included over 400 km of river banks and 500 km2 of flooded lowlands within the Bolivian Altiplano. Analysis of stranded oil samples recovered from the riverbanks suggested that significant oil loss occurred by evaporation (>40%). With additional data on the amount of surface oil remaining (<0.2%) and oil recovered (3–13%) at the end of cleanup operations, it became apparent that a large fraction of the spilled oil remained unaccountable (27–37%). Laboratory tests were undertaken to assess if oil-mineral aggregate (OMA) formation—a natural process believed to promote rapid oil dispersion—may provide part of the explanation for this unaccounted loss. OMA were generated from local oil, sediment and water samples under simulated field conditions. Epi-fluorescence microscopy analysis verified the presence of flake aggregates that would be formed typically by the interaction of oil with smectite minerals (e.g. montmorillonite). On the basis of these microscopy observations and of mineral analysis of suspended material in water from the spill site, which revealed abundant smectite, it is hypothesized that OMA formation occurred, and that this process facilitated significant removal of residual oil from the ecosystem by enhancing biodegradation rates.
18
Landa Alejandro, Fernando. "Derecho penal del enemigo en la legislación penal boliviana entre 1825-2016." Revista de Derecho de la UCB 4, no. 6 (April 3, 2020): 11–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35319/lawreview.2020642.
Full textAbstract:
Se abordó el objetivo de determinar las normas penales bolivianas que, entre 1825 y 2016, han configurado el derecho penal del enemigo a través de la reunión simultánea de los caracteres que Gunther Jakobs identificó. Estos son: adelantamiento de la barrera de punición, aplicación de penas desproporcionadas y supresión o relativización de garantías procesales. Para lograr el objetivo se utilizó un método dogmático-jurídico en el marco de la investigación cualitativacuantitativa, con profundidad descriptiva, temporalmente sincrónica y de fuentes primarias. Cada uno de los caracteres identificados por el doctrinario fueron tratados como un objetivo específico cuyos resultados se obtuvieron mediante la utilización de tres instrumentos: el examen de la estructura del tipo penal, la densidad probabilística y el análisis comparativo de contenido. Los resultados evidencian que el derecho penal del enemigo se configuró en Bolivia apenas fundada la República en 1826 contra abusos de imprenta y para el juzgamiento de cuadrilleros, luego en 1949 y 1967 por normas vinculadas a mineros y sindicales, en 1985 y 1988 en las normas relativas a estupefacientes; y, en 2010 y 2012 a través de normas contra la corrupción así como la trata y tráfico de personas.
19
Blacutt-Mercado, William P. "Environmental legislation, economic growth and risk in minerals development The Bolivian case." Natural Resources Forum 17, no. 3 (August 1993): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1993.tb00178.x.
Full text
20
Hancock, L., N. Ralph, and S. H. Ali. "Bolivia's lithium frontier: Can public private partnerships deliver a minerals boom for sustainable development?" Journal of Cleaner Production 178 (March 2018): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.264.
Full text
21
Ilgren, Edward B., and John A. Hoskins. "Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction Part 1: Epidemiological Studies of Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos." Environment and Pollution 7, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v7n1p9.
Full textAbstract:
Anthophyllite asbestos only occurs in a few parts of the world in sufficient quantities to be mined. The largest deposits of anthophyllite asbestos occur in Finland where it was mined for more than 75 years and very extensively used and distributed, anciently, for more than six millennia. Anthophyllite is one of the five minerals known collectively as amphibole asbestos. Studies of the effect of these five mineral fibre types when inhaled have shown that fibre width is an important determinant of mesothelioma induction. Only the “thinner” fibres or those with fiber diameter dimensional profiles predominantly less than 0.25 – 0.30 µm, are clearly mesotheliogenic. The “thicker” ones or those whose predominant widths are greater than these diameters do not appear to show an observable attendant risk of mesothelioma. Observations based on studies of at least, two “thick” forms of amphibole asbestos support these hypotheses. The one is Bolivian crocidolite; the other Finnish anthophyllite. The Finnish anthophyllite industry presents an important opportunity to study the robustness of the theory that fibre width is key to mesothelioma genesis as vast numbers of people in all sectors of the Finnish industry and their families have historically incurred massive fiber exposures sufficient to cause a gross excess of asbestosis. Nonetheless, in spite of these long term, high dose exposures clear evidence for a mesothelioma risk due to anthophyllite asbestos is still lacking.
22
Castro‐Alba, Vanesa, Claudia Eliana Lazarte, Björn Bergenståhl, and Yvonne Granfeldt. "Phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium content of common Bolivian foods and their estimated mineral bioavailability." Food Science & Nutrition 7, no. 9 (August 2, 2019): 2854–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1127.
Full text
23
Lazarte, Claudia E., Nils-Gunnar Carlsson, Annette Almgren, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, and Yvonne Granfeldt. "Phytate, zinc, iron and calcium content of common Bolivian food, and implications for mineral bioavailability." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 39 (May 2015): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.015.
Full text
24
Jauna, Patricia Beltrán, and Antony Henshaw. "BIODEGRADATION AT A LAND-FARMING SITE AT 14,000 FEET IN THE HIGH BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-879.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Approximately 30,000 m3 of contaminated soil recovered from cleanup operations after a 29,000 barrel oil spill in the Desaguadero River (January 2000) was stored in temporary pits. Waste disposal plans explored several options for final disposal, including incineration and land farming. Initial concerns about the ability to landfarm the contaminated soil centered on the biodegradation potential at altitudes of 14,000 ft (4,300 m) and in a region with seasonally low day and nighttime temperatures. The Bolivian Altiplano has a semiarid climate where daily fluctuations of 15°C in temperature are common while average temperatures range between −6 C (July) and 21.0°C (November). The technical experts at the Bolivian Ministry of Sustainable Development were reluctant to grant permission for Land Farming to be used at high altitude and instead insisted that all the contaminated soil be sent by truck across Bolivia to lower altitudes where the proposed a Land Farm was to be created. As an operational response a series of experiments was set up to demonstrate that indeed Land Farming was possible at high altitude. This paper presents the results of these experiments but it should be clearly noted that the testes were conducted under operational conditions without the rigour normally found in laboratory or scientific experiments. Results showed that it was not only possible to deplete the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content from 40,000 ppm to below 1,000 ppm required by Bolivian law, but that it also could be completed within 4 months under specific technical conditions of the biodegradation process. Previous studies documented the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) in the contaminated soils from the Rio Desaguadero spill1. We hypothesized that OMA formation and presence of aluminum polysilicate would provide an effective combination to increase the biodegradability of the soils under specific control conditions. This paper explains the high-altitude biodegradation process and the results of monitoring tests from the land farming under operational field conditions. ©2004 Transredes S.A. All Rights Reserved.
25
Garcia-Albarido, Francisco. "El puerto boliviano de Cobija: correlaciones entre cultura material y su ocupación durante la expansión capitalista en Atacama (1850-1877)." Vestígios - Revista Latino-Americana de Arqueologia Histórica 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 44–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31239/vtg.v7i2.10606.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho discutimos o contexto histórico da "era do capital", no qual boa parte das riquezas minerais do Atacama foram solidamente incorporadas ao sistema econômico capitalista, impulsionado pela Inglaterra a nível internacional. São apresentadas evidências materiais específicas do processo de incorporação mencionado, considerando, para isso, o caso do porto de Cobija, posto comercial refundado pela Bolívia na costa do Pacífico do Atacama durante o século XIX. O correlato arqueológico do contexto histórico mencionado é discutido em função de outros casos conhecidos na costa meridional do Pacífico Sul-americano e considerando que os objetos foram ativamente utilizados para concretizar novas relações sociais ao exportar, tanto novos produtos, como também costumes e ideologias.
26
Oliveira, Juliana Rezende de, Maria Zélia Aguiar de Sousa, Amarildo Salina Ruiz, and Gerardo Ramiro Matos Salinas. "Granulito Uyarani – uma janela estrutural Pré-Cambriana no Altiplano Boliviano: petrogênese e significado tectônico." Geologia USP. Série Científica 17, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v17-385.
Full textAbstract:
O embasamento pré-andino é formado por terrenos paleoproterozoicos, como o terreno Arequipa-Antofalla, e entre suas unidades destaca-se o Granulito Uyarani, parcialmente recoberto por sedimentos quaternários e por um ignimbrito pliocênico. Neste trabalho, o Granulito Uyarani é caracterizado como granulito félsico que apresenta enclaves máficos de granulito máfico, que tiveram como protólitos, respectivamente, sienogranitos, granodioritos e quartzo monzodioritos, enquanto o protólito do enclave tem composição gabroica. A análise estrutural demonstra seu caráter polideformado, com três fases de deformação (F1, F2 e F3) e tectônica rúptil marcada por fraturas e falhas na F3. A fase F1 é ligada ao metamorfismo M1, que alcançou condições de fácies granulito para o Granulito Uyarani, já na fase F2 ocorre o M2, responsável por um retrometamorfismo para fácies xisto verde. A litoquímica do granulito félsico revela que o protólito foi gerado por magmatismo cálcio-alcalino, metaluminoso a peraluminoso, magnesiano; já os enclaves de granulito máfico mostram a existência de um magma básico associado, em ambiente de arco magmático com ocorrência de mistura de magmas. As idades de cristalização do granulito félsico de 1.859 ± 200 Ma e 2.020 ± 130 Ma, disponíveis na literatura, obtidas, respectivamente, pelos métodos Rb/Sr, em rocha total e U/Pb (TIMS) em zircão, são contraditórias e têm erros elevados. A análise geocronológica realizada neste trabalho revelou uma idade de cristalização, U/Pb (SHRIMP) em zircão, de 1.736 ± 5.1 Ma para o granulito félsico. A idade de 1.157 ± 60 Ma, admitida até então como pico metamórfico, considerando o intercepto inferior do diagrama concórdia da análise U/Pb em zircão, também é contestável. Portanto, consideram-se, neste trabalho, as idades estabelecidas a partir dos métodos Ar/Ar em hornblenda com um platô de 982 ± 2 Ma e Sm/Nd, em isócrona mineral, de 1.008 ± 16 Ma, que indicam a atuação de um episódio termal regional, associado à evolução da Orogenia Grenvilliana-Sunsás, também nas rochas granulíticas estudadas, sugerindo sua conexão com as faixas móveis da Província Geocronológica Sunsás do SW do Cráton Amazônico.
27
Hillman, John. "Mahmood Ali Ayub and Hideo Hashimoto. The Economics of Tin Mining in Bolivia. Washington, D.C.: World Bank 1985." Pakistan Development Review 25, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v25i2pp.197-199.
Full textAbstract:
The Bolivian economy is a textbook case of the distortions produced by an enclave of mineral production, mainly tin, and its political life has largely focused on the problem of ensuring that the mining industry plays a constructive role in national economic development. Bolivia was not able to force the private owners of the major mines to make such a contribution and as a result their properties were nationalized in the Revolution of 1952, and have since been operated by a State owned corporation, COMIBOL. Although the mines had long been starved of fresh investment, the political economy of the Revolution further stripped resources from the mining sector in order to diversify the economy, and the economic crisis that was then generated forced serious attention on the technical operation of the industry. Over the past thirty years there have been several attempts to rehabilitate the nationalized mining industry, drawing on the expertise of foreign technical staff, and on foreign private and public capital which have generated a large number of studies and much internal political controversy. This book by two World Bank economists is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive account of the issues facing those responsible for formulating a policy for Bolivian mining which is based on some reliable statistics. It is theoretically and historically informed, and, most importantly, though sensitive to the intensely political nature of the problem, has no political axe of its own to grind.
28
Guerrero Alva, Dániza Mirtha. "EL "CCHACCO" : COMPOSICION FISICO-QUIMICA Y USO ALIMENTARIO." Ciencia & Desarrollo, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33326/26176033.1995.1.16.
Full textAbstract:
La gran diversidad de recursos alimenticios que ofrece nuestro país, no sólo tiene origen agrícola pecuario, sino también mineral. Este es el caso del «cchacco», arcilla comestible, considerado como suplemento dietético de gran consumo entre los pobladores del altiplano peruano-boliviano. El objetivo del estudio fue el de conocer más sobre las características físicas y químicas de este producto, establecer la calidad sanitaria del mismo, así como formular una mezcla que incluyera «cchacco».
Los análisis físicos y químicos fueron desarrollados de acuerdo a los métodos aplicables a alimentos. Los constituyentes analizados fueron: humedad 7,78%, sólidos totales 92,21%, cenizas 91,80%, nitrógeno 0,0028%, proteína 0,0174%, pH de 6y densidad de carga 0,6936 gr/ml. Adicionalmente se halló creatinina 3,58 mg%, glucosa 225 mg% y restos de vegetales.La calidad sanitaria del producto fue determinada, dadas las condiciones de manipuleo y expendio observadas. Los resultados fueron negativos para los siguientes microorganismos: enterobacterias, estreptococos, estafilococos, vibrium cólera, salmonella, bacilo tuberculoso, bongos y levaduras.
Finalmente, mediante la preparación de una mezcla tipo salsa, se definió la cantidad adecuada de «cchacco» que debe añadirse, así como la mejor alternativa de sabor.
29
Valle, Valeria Marina, and Héctor Cueto Holmes. "Bolivia's Energy and Mineral Resources Trade and Investments with China: Potential Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects of Lithium Extraction." Latin American Policy 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12007.
Full text
30
Heath, Dwight B. "I Spent My Life in the Mines: The Story of Juan Rojas, Bolivian Tin Miner:I Spent My Life in the Mines: The Story of Juan Rojas, Bolivian Tin Miner." Latin American Anthropology Review 5, no. 2 (December 1993): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlat.1993.5.2.81.2.
Full text
31
Ustariz, Karina, Mulatu Geleta, Helena P. Hovmalm, Franz Gutierrez, Jorge A. Rojas Beltrán, and Rodomiro Ortiz. "Mineral composition and nutritive value of Festuca ecotypes originated from the highland region of Bolivia and cultivars from Argentina." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(10):2019 (October 20, 2019): 1650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.10.p1889.
Full textAbstract:
Native grasses constitute the most important source of feed for camelids, sheep and cattle in the highlands of Bolivia, where the genus Festuca is one of the major feed components. This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of 11 Festuca ecotypes from the highlands of Bolivia and two cultivars from Argentina (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. ‘Taita’ and Festulolium). All ecotypes were grown in the same experimental field and their protein, ash, cellulose, moisture and micronutrients (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Si and Zn) content was determined. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, based on all nutrients, clearly defined the two Argentinian cultivars as outliers. This differentiation was mainly explained by their cellulose, ash, Mn and Al contents. Analysis of variance based on the origin of the accessions revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) differences for their cellulose, ash, Mn and Mg contents, while they differ significantly (P < 0.05) in Ni, Fe, Na and Al contents. There was a highly significant positive correlation between several pairs of minerals including Mg–Ca (r = 0.94) and Mg–Zn (r = 0.92). Negatively correlated pairs of minerals include B–Fe (r = - 0.65) and B–Ni (r = - 0.58). This study provides useful information about the nutritive quality of Bolivian Festuca ecotypes for their use in breeding programs of this forage grass in the Andean highlands of South America.
32
Hubbard, Bernard E., and James K. Crowley. "Mineral mapping on the Chilean–Bolivian Altiplano using co-orbital ALI, ASTER and Hyperion imagery: Data dimensionality issues and solutions." Remote Sensing of Environment 99, no. 1-2 (November 2005): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.027.
Full text
33
Martins, Patrícia Cristina Statella, Marcos Norberto Boin, Rafael Brugnolli Medeiros, and Charlei Aparecido Da Silva. "A COMPATIBILIZAÇÃO DE DADOS EM ÁREAS TRANSFRONTEIRIÇAS: O CASO DO PANTANAL NA FRONTEIRA BRASIL/MS E BOLÍVIA." Boletim de Geografia 38, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/bolgeogr.v38i1.44389.
Full textAbstract:
A presente investigação tem como objetivo contribuir com estudos relacionados ao Pantanal, apresentando etapas e procedimentos para a integração e a compatibilização de dados na região de Corumbá e Ladário/Mato Grosso do Sul/Brasil e Puerto Suarez e Puerto Quijarro/Santa Cruz/Bolívia. Procura-se, assim, compreender e auxiliar outros pesquisadores que busquem aprofundar os estudos sobre essa temática bem como sobre a área de estudo. Para tanto, utilizou-se de geotecnologias, mais precisamente o ArcGis 10®, para operacionalizar os shapes e integrar as informações dos lados boliviano e brasileiro, buscando um mesmo padrão de nomenclaturas para ambos os lados da fronteira. Os componentes físicos analisados foram geologia, relevo e vegetação, informações essenciais para todo e qualquer estudo relacionado à paisagem. Como resultado, foi possível identificar uma variação significativa de escalas no mapeamento, sendo necessário modificar a nomenclatura das classes, levando em conta sobretudo as características dos minerais e das rochas (geologia), hipsometria e declividade (relevo) e o porte e a densidade da cobertura vegetal (vegetação). Além disso, as escalas variadas não permitiram, sozinhas, a modificação das nomenclaturas, sendo necessário o mapeamento detalhado através de imagens de satélite, modelos digitais de terreno e trabalhos de campo A realização de tal compatibilização foi, por fim, eficiente, tornando possível e confiável as interações das informações e permitindo também o mapeamento temático, a fim de nortear a execução de outras pesquisas voltadas à paisagem e à área de estudo, mais precisamente, o Pantanal sul mato-grossense.
34
Lindau, Filipe G. L., Jefferson C. Simões, Barbara Delmonte, Patrick Ginot, Giovanni Baccolo, Chiara I. Paleari, Elena Di Stefano, et al. "Giant dust particles at Nevado Illimani: a proxy of summertime deep convection over the Bolivian Altiplano." Cryosphere 15, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 1383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1383-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A deeper understanding of past atmospheric circulation variability in the Central Andes is a high-priority topic in paleoclimatology mainly because of the necessity to validate climate models used to predict future precipitation trends and to develop mitigation and/or adaptation strategies for future climate change scenarios in this region. Within this context, we here investigate an 18-year firn core drilled at Nevado Illimani in order to interpret its mineral dust record in relation to seasonal processes, in particular atmospheric circulation and deep convection. The core was dated by annual layer counting based on seasonal oscillations of dust, calcium, and stable isotopes. Geochemical and mineralogical data show that dust is regionally sourced in winter and summer. During austral summer (wet season), an increase in the relative proportion of giant dust particles (∅>20 µm) is observed, in association with oscillations of stable isotope records (δD, δ18O). It seems that at Nevado Illimani both the deposition of dust and the isotopic signature of precipitation are influenced by atmospheric deep convection, which is also related to the total amount of precipitation in the area. This hypothesis is corroborated by regional meteorological data. The interpretation of giant particle and stable isotope records suggests that downdrafts due to convective activity promote turbulent conditions capable of suspending giant particles in the vicinity of Nevado Illimani. Giant particles and stable isotopes, when considered together, can be therefore used as a new proxy for obtaining information about deep convective activity in the past.
35
Förster, Hans-Jürgen, Luca Bindi, Chris J. Stanley, and Günter Grundmann. "Hansblockite, (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2, the monoclinic polymorph of grundmannite: a new mineral from the Se mineralization at El Dragón (Bolivia)." Mineralogical Magazine 81, no. 3 (June 2017): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.115.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHansblockite, ideally (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2, is a new selenide from the El Dragón mine, Bolivia. It typically occurs in thin subparallel plates intergrown with two unnamed Cu–Hg–Pb–Bi–Se species, clausthalite, Corich penroseite and petrovicite.It also forms subhedral to anhedral grains up to 150 μm long and 50 μm wide. Hansblockite is non-fluorescent, black and opaque with a metallic lustre and black streak. It is brittle, with an irregular fracture and no obvious parting and cleavage. The VHN20 values range from37 to 50 (mean 42) kg mm–2 (Mohs hardness 2–2½). In plane-polarized incident light, hansblockite is cream to light grey in colour, weakly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic from greyish cream to cream. Under crossed polars, hansblockite is weakly anisotropic withkhaki to pale blue rotation tints. The reflectance values in air for the Commission on Ore Mineralogy (COM) standard wavelengths are: 47.3–48.1 (470 nm), 47.4–49.9 (546 nm), 47.1–49.0 (589 nm) and 46.6–48.5 (650 nm). The mean composition is Cu 9.31, Ag 0.73, Hg 11.43,Pb 3.55, Ni 0.17, Co 0.03, Bi 31.17, Se 34.00, total 100.39 wt.%. The mean empirical formula (based on 4 apfu) is (Cu0.68Hg0.27Ag0.03Ni0.01)∑=0.99(Bi0.69Pb0.31)∑=1.00Se2.01. The simplifiedformula is (Cu,Hg) (Bi,Pb)Se2. Hansblockite is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 6.853(1), b = 7.635(1), c = 7.264(1) Å, β = 97.68(1)°, V = 376.66(9) Å3 and Z = 4. Density is 8.26 gcm–3. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.97 (90) (111), 3.100 (40) (121), 2.986 (100) (211), 2.808 (50) (112) and 2.620 (50) (022). Hansblockite represents the monoclinic polymorph ofgrundmannite, CuBiSe2, with Hg and Pb being essential in stabilizing the monoclinic structure via the coupled substitution Cu+ + Bi3+⇔ Hg2+ + Pb2+. The mineral name is in honour of Hans Block (1881–1953), in recognition of hisimportant role in boosting Bolivian ore mining.
36
Kossoff, D., K. A. Hudson-Edwards, W. E. Dubbin, M. Alfredsson, and T. Geraki. "Cycling of As, P, Pb and Sb during weathering of mine tailings: implications for fluvial environments." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 5 (October 2012): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.14.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe weathering and oxidation of mine tailings has the potential to contaminate water and soil with toxic elements. To understand the mechanisms, extent and products of the long-term weathering of complex Bolivian tailings from the Cerro Rico de Potosí, and their effects on As, Pb, P and Sb cycling, three-year long laboratory column experiments were carried out to model 20 years of dry- and wet-season conditions in the Pilcomayo basin. Chemical analysis of the leachate and column solids, optical mineralogy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microscale X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, Bureau Commun de Référence sequential extraction and water-soluble chemical extractions, and speciation modelling have shown that the weathering of As-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite, resulted in a loss of 13–29% of the original mass of As. By contrast, Pb and Sb showed much lower mass losses (0.1–1.1% and 0.6–1.9%, respectively) due to the formation of insoluble Pb- and Sb(V)-rich phases, which were stable at the low pH (~2) conditions that prevailed by the end of the experiment. The experiment also demonstrated a link between the cycling of As, Sb, and the oxidation of Fe(II)-bearing sphalerite, which acted as a nucleation point for an Fe-As-Sb-O phase. Phosphorus was relatively immobile in the tailings columns (up to 0.3% mass loss) but was more mobile in the soil-bearing columns (up to 10% mass loss), due to the formation of soluble P-bearing minerals or mobilization by organic matter. These results demonstrate the influence of mine tailings on the mobility of P from soils and on the potential contamination of ecosystems with As, and strongly suggest that these materials should be isolated from fluvial environments.
37
Chauvigné, Aurélien, Diego Aliaga, Karine Sellegri, Nadège Montoux, Radovan Krejci, Griša Močnik, Isabel Moreno, et al. "Biomass burning and urban emission impacts in the Andes Cordillera region based on in situ measurements from the Chacaltaya observatory, Bolivia (5240 m a.s.l.)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 23 (December 10, 2019): 14805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14805-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This study documents and analyses a 4-year continuous record of aerosol optical properties measured at the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station of Chacaltaya (CHC; 5240 m a.s.l.), in Bolivia. Records of particle light scattering and particle light absorption coefficients are used to investigate how the high Andean Cordillera is affected by both long-range transport and by the fast-growing agglomeration of La Paz–El Alto, located approximately 20 km away and 1.5 km below the sampling site. The extended multi-year record allows us to study the properties of aerosol particles for different air mass types, during wet and dry seasons, also covering periods when the site was affected by biomass burning in the Bolivian lowlands and the Amazon Basin. The absorption, scattering, and extinction coefficients (median annual values of 0.74, 12.14, and 12.96 Mm−1 respectively) show a clear seasonal variation with low values during the wet season (0.57, 7.94, and 8.68 Mm−1 respectively) and higher values during the dry season (0.80, 11.23, and 14.51 Mm−1 respectively). The record is driven by variability at both seasonal and diurnal scales. At a diurnal scale, all records of intensive and extensive aerosol properties show a pronounced variation (daytime maximum, night-time minimum), as a result of the dynamic and convective effects. The particle light absorption, scattering, and extinction coefficients are on average 1.94, 1.49, and 1.55 times higher respectively in the turbulent thermally driven conditions than the more stable conditions, due to more efficient transport from the boundary layer. Retrieved intensive optical properties are significantly different from one season to the other, reflecting the changing aerosol emission sources of aerosol at a larger scale. Using the wavelength dependence of aerosol particle optical properties, we discriminated between contributions from natural (mainly mineral dust) and anthropogenic (mainly biomass burning and urban transport or industries) emissions according to seasons and local circulation. The main sources influencing measurements at CHC are from the urban area of La Paz–El Alto in the Altiplano and from regional biomass burning in the Amazon Basin. Results show a 28 % to 80 % increase in the extinction coefficients during the biomass burning season with respect to the dry season, which is observed in both tropospheric dynamic conditions. From this analysis, long-term observations at CHC provide the first direct evidence of the impact of biomass burning emissions of the Amazon Basin and urban emissions from the La Paz area on atmospheric optical properties at a remote site all the way to the free troposphere.
38
Egúsquiza Pereda, Carlos Alfonso. "AUDITORÍA MEDIOAMBIENTAL." Quipukamayoc 13, no. 25 (March 16, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/quipu.v13i25.5422.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación de Auditoría Medioambiental se halla dentro de la línea de investigación de la AUDITORÍA INTEGRADA o INTEGRAL. Inicialmente se abordaba el tema de la gestión del medio ambiente bajo la denominación de «EVALUACIÓN DE LOS DAÑOS DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE», labor realizada hasta ese entonces por biólogos, químicos y ecologistas. Hoy en día se tiene que abordar el tema de gestión del medio ambiente bajo un concepto más amplio e integrador, como es bajo la denominación de Auditoría del Medio Ambiente o Auditoría Ecológica. Vale decir, teniendo en cuenta, la multidisciplinariedad y la transversalidad de los profesionales y técnicos, así como la globalización de la economía, la educación, la ciencia y la tecnología; la problemática de la gestión del medio ambiente conducente a la preservación, protección, control del habitat del hombre en la Tierra, a fin de alargar la corta estadía del hombre en ella, implica la participación de los distintos profesionales y técnicos, principalmente de aquellos que cuenten con la capacidad de gestión, supervisión y control sobre temas del medio ambiente, como ingenieros, biólogos, químicos, economistas, abogados, administradores de empresas y contadores públicos, debido a que estos últimos son profesionales más antiguos en materia de auditoría y por la permanente investigación que vienen efectuando, lo cual les permite involucrarse en un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales para la ejecución de la AUDITORÍA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE o AUDITORÍA ECOLÓGICA. En este trabajo se ha abordado la concepción y naturaleza de la auditoría medioambiental que en nuestro medio carece de una concepción clara y precisa, la delimitación de sus características, objetivos, su estructura e importancia. En este artículo se hace resaltar los resultados más sobresalientes y el aporte a la comunidad científica que podrá ser aplicado para efectuar una gestión de calidad y eficiencia de sus actividades o procesos, evitando el daño o la contaminación del medio ambiente por las empresas mineras, industriales, petroleras, pesqueras, madereras, etc.; por ende, será de uso de los profesionales involucrados, firmas consultoras y firmas auditoras. La auditoría ambiental comenzó en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, a fines de los años setenta en d sector industrial, como la industria química, actividad más vulnerable a la contaminación del medio ambiente; sugirieron así los «reglamentos ambientales» para que los gerentes o directivos empezaran a tomarlos en cuenta; extendiéndose a Europa para evaluar a las empresas multinacionales estadounidenses en el cumplimiento de las normas de la preservación del medio ambiente. Las fuentes preliminares del presente trabajo de investigación están dadas desde el SEGUNDO CONGRESO FEDERAL GUADALAJARA JALISCO (1992), realizado en la ciudad de Mü1co; y el CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE AUDITORÍA INTEGRAL (1995), realizado en la ciudad de BUENOS AIRES, en los que se dejaron las bases para que los investigadores y estudiosos en la materia se preocupen de efectuar trabajos en cada uno de los países involucrados. Últimamente, los problemas relacionados con la Auditoría del Medio Ambiente se discutieron en los eventos internacionales de la profesión del Contador Público la XXIII y la XXIV: CONFERENCIA INTERAMERICANA DE CONTABILIDAD DE 1999 Y 2001, llevados a cabo en SAN JUAN DE Puerto Rico y Punta del Este, Uruguay, respectivamente; en los que se esbozaron la necesidad de continuar con el estudio en el campo de medio ambiente, a la par con la globalización económica, científica y técnica. En el PERÚ, casi no se ha avanzado con respecto a los temas de gestión del medio ambiente, ni mucho menos con respecto a las acciones de supervisión y control de las empresas o instituciones que dañan el hábitat del hombre, más aún, no se tiene institucionalizada ni mucho menos organizada una actividad de alta especialización, como es la auditoría del medio ambiente, como tema de la auditoría integral o integrada, con enfoque multidisciplinario, ni instituciones especializadas, como el caso de MÉXICO, que cuenta con un organismo denominado «PROCURADURÍA FEDERAL DE PROTECCIÓN AL AMBIENTE PROFEPA>>, que se encarga de asignar un instrumento para proteger o mejorar el entorno ambiental e incentivar a las empresas a la utilización de un instrumento valioso de la gestión del medio ambiente. Asimismo, en BOLIVIA se viene trabajando el proyecto de «Protección Ambiental en la Industria Boliviana -PAIB»; en Colombia existen investigaciones realizadas en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia (UCC) -seccional Bucaramanga- sobre contabilidad ambiental, como una opción para dar respuesta a la necesidad de contar con información y parámetros que hagan posible evaluar la sostenibilidad ambiental dentro del proceso de desarrollo de las naciones, y así cumplir con lo pactado en la Cumbre de Río de Janeiro en el año 1992. En la Argentina se lleva a cabo a través de la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable, que ha desarrollado un Sistema de Indicadores de Desarrollo Sostenible y el Programa ENGIRSU (Estrategia Nacional para la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos).
39
Iñiguez Vargas, Daniela Paulina. "La revolución boliviana de 1952." InterNaciones, no. 15 (August 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/in.v5i15.7090.
Full textAbstract:
La revolución boliviana de 1952 ha sido la experiencia más próxima a la dualidad de poderes manifiesta en la Rusia de 1917. La transición del movimiento democrático-burgués al movimiento proletario se apreció en la institucionalización del co-gobierno entre Hernán Siles Zuazo, del Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, y Juan Lechín Oquendo, líder de la Federación Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia. Pero lo más cercano a la implantación de la dictadura del proletariado se asentó en la Asamblea Popular —alianza obrera, popular y campesina— en 1971, durante el gobierno de Juan José Torres. No obstante, la instauración del socialismo distó de concretarse por incontables golpes de Estado, administraciones débiles y la aplicación del modelo neoliberal impuesto por Estados Unidos. Aunque los mineros lucharon y alcanzaron victorias, la falta de preparación para asumir ellos mismos el poder los relegó a meros instrumentos políticos. Pero aquí queda plasmada la capacidad que detentan los obreros y los campesinos bolivianos para hacerse del poder del Estado.
40
Galaz-Mandakovic, Damir, and Alejandro Garcés Hernández. "Jornaleros bolivianos en el Cantón Central (1879-1946): El caso de la Oficina Salitrera María." Estudios Atacameños 67 (May 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2021-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Desde del análisis de los prontuarios bolivianos del Archivo Histórico de la Universidad Católica del Norte, caracterizamos la presencia boliviana durante el declive del ciclo de expansión del salitre en el Cantón Central. A partir de datos relativos a los lugares de origen, inserción laboral y sociabilidad en destino principalmente, el artículo da cuenta de la magnitud del fenómeno y de la centralidad que ocupó esta mano de obra jornalera en el despliegue de las faenas mineras. De este modo, podrá observarse cómo el capitalismo minero produce una mano de obra subalterna en un territorio en que por abajo resiste a perder su bolivianidad.
41
Huallpara, Lizangela, Mauricio Ormachea, Ramiro Escalera, Omar Ormachea3, José Luis García, Jesús Suso, María Eugenia García, Jorge Hornero, Fernando Pérez, and Virginia Robles. "HIDROQUÍMICA DE AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE SAN PEDRO, SANTA CRUZ, BOLIVIA: DETERMINACIÓN DE FLUORURO." Revista Boliviana de Química 38, no. 1 (April 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.34098/2078-3949.38.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
El agua subterránea es la principal fuente de consumo en muchos centros urbanos y áreas rurales de Bolivia, tal es el caso del Municipio de San Pedro ubicado en el departamento de Santa Cruz. El presente estudio se realizó con la Received 04 12 2021 Accepted 04 26 2020 Published 04 30 2021 Vol. 38, No.1, pp. 46-55, Ene./Abr.2021 Revista Boliviana de Química 38(1), 46-55, Jan./Apr. 2021 Bolivian Journal of Chemistry DOI: 10.34098/2078-3949.38.1.5 REVISTA BOLIVIANA DE QUÍMICA ISSN 0250-5460 Rev. Bol. Quim. Paper edition ISSN 2078-3949 Rev. boliv. quim. Electronic edition Lizangela Huallpara L. et al. RBQ Vol.38, No.1, pp. 46-55, 2021 Downloadable from: Revista Boliviana de Química. Volumen 38 Nº1. Año 2021 http://www.bolivianchemistryjournal.org, http://www.scribd.com/bolivianjournalofchemistry 47 Received 04 12 2021 38(1); Jan./Apr. 2021 Accepted 04 26 2021 Published 04 30 2021; DOI:10.34098/2078-3949.38.1.5 finalidad de determinar la calidad fisicoquímica del agua subterránea de consumo en 16 comunidades rurales ubicadas dentro del municipio de San Pedro. Los resultados mostraron valores de pH ligeramente alcalinos comprendidos entre 7,8 y 8,6 y la conductividad eléctrica mostró valores en un rango que va de 313,3 a 1189 µS/cm. Las aguas son predominantemente del tipo Na-HCO3 y contienen elevadas concentraciones de fluoruro (F- ) en un rango que va de 2,1 a 6,4 mg/L excediendo el valor máximo recomendado por la Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS). Cálculos de índice de saturación (IS) muestran que la fase mineral que podría dar origen al elevado contenido de F- en agua es la [F-Apatita].
42
Barros, Alonso. "Revolución chilena, litoral boliviano: La Patria, la Compañía de Salitres y los prolegómenos de la Guerra del Pacífico en el Desierto de Atacama (1870-1879)." Antropología Experimental, no. 15 (October 3, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/rae.v0i15.2629.
Full textAbstract:
En octubre de 1876 se constituye en Antofagasta la Sociedad de Socorros Mutuos “La Patria” como reacción a la situación social y económica imperante en Bolivia bajo la dictadura de Hilarión Daza, especialmente difícil para los colonos asentados en la costa árida del Departamento litoral de Atacama y en el pujante mineral de plata de Caracoles, en su mayoría chilenos. La Patria reunió a la casi totalidad de los patrones y obreros residentes extranjeros y algunos bolivianos y llevó adelante un movimiento regional independentista y federalista inspirado en el ejemplo californiano. Los aprestos revolucionarios fueron momentáneamente interrumpidos por la rebelión del coronel boliviano Rufino Carrasco y luego, definitivamente, con el terremoto y maremoto de 9 de Mayo de 1877, y no se retomaron hasta el estallido de la guerra. El análisis del papel que jugó La Patria y la gravitación del mineral de Caracoles en el imaginario proto-nacional, así como del rol logístico de la Compañía de Salitres y Ferrocarriles de Antofagasta en la guerra, demuestran la equivalencia estructural entre el imperialismo europeo decimonónico, la expansión colonial chilena y otras guerras internacionales americanas de la época, pero ante todo, la importancia de los incipientes sentimientos regionalistas y xenófobos alimentados por el capitalismo de imprenta. Este artículo propone una re-lectura de la guerra, informada por hechos que la historiografía nacional suele relegar a un segundo plano. La industrialización acelerada, la colonización masiva en tierras con débil presencia estatal y el nuevo giro colonial de la mentalidad europea y estadunidense, se tradujeron en Chile en un regionalismo criollo afín a los sucesos de California. La conclusión analiza el rol estructurante del discurso racial entre los beligerantes y en los escritos e imaginarios de la guerra.
43
Quispe, Alejandra R., Saúl O. Cabrera, Mario Blanco, Lorena Villca, Erika Quispe, and Gustavo García. "CARACTERIZACIÓN MINERALÓGICA Y CRISTALOQUÍMICA DE ZEOLITAS NATURALES BOLIVIANAS." Revista Boliviana de Química 3, no. 36.3 (August 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.34098/2078-3949.36.3.3.
Full textAbstract:
Se realizó el muestreo, la caracterización mineralógica, y la determinación cristaloquímica de dos muestras minerales de zeolitas naturales provenientes de los departamentos de Sucre y Oruro, Bolivia, mediante el empleo de técnicas de difracción de rayos-X en polvo, microscopía electrónica de barrido, espectroscopía de energía dispersiva y diversos métodos de refinamiento. Los resultados indican que las muestras provenientes de Sucre presentan una concentración elevada en zeolita fase clinoptilolita tipo potásica. Por otro lado, la muestra mineral proveniente de Oruro resultó estar compuesta de una fase zeolítica fase mordenita con importantes contenidos de arcilla montmorillonita y bajos contenidos de cuarzo. Se utilizaron técnicas de separación gravimétricas y de tamaño de grano para poder aislarlas de la fase zeolitica y realizar la caracterización cristaloquímica, alcanzándose resultados de concentración de la zeolita de alrededor de 90%. Los resultados de caracterización de estas zeolitas naturales son de gran interés por sus potenciales aplicaciones en diversos campos.
44
Fornillo, Bruno. "Proletariado minero, nacionalización económica y el reposicionamiento actual de la Central Obrera Boliviana." Polis (Santiago) 8, no. 24 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-65682009000300005.
Full text
45
Prentice, Rebecca, and Mei Trueba. "Precarious Bodies: Occupational Risk Assemblages in Bolivia and Trinidad." Global Labour Journal 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/glj.v9i1.3152.
Full textAbstract:
This article develops the concept of “precarious bodies” to theorise the lived experience of labour precariousness in the twenty-first century and its implications for workers’ health, well-being and household reproduction. Drawing on ethnographic research with Bolivian miners and Trinidadian garment workers, we explore the relationship between workers’ exposure to global market forces and their everyday experiences of work, health and risk in these industries. “Precarious bodies” is a heuristic that takes into a single frame the macro-level economic and regulatory processes that create risks for workers, and the various ways in which workers negotiate these risks through their work practices and livelihood choices. We show precarious bodies to be both vulnerable and strategic. Positioned in situations of exploitation and risk, their choices to protect their livelihoods can harm their health and reinforce – rather than counteract – the precarious circumstances of their households.
46
Lalander, Rickard. "Indigeneidad, descolonización y la paradoja del desarrollismo extractivista en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia." Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política, May 31, 2017, 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/rchdcp-v8n1-art1178.
Full textAbstract:
Históricamente, los pueblos indígenas fueron marginados y oprimidos en la economía política boliviana. En tiempos de Evo Morales en la presidencia y con la Constitución de 2009, la descolonización política, económica, social y cultural ha llegado a ser el proyecto central de la transformación del Estado y la sociedad. Por un lado, la nueva Constitución ha sido clasificada como una de las más progresistas del mundo en relación con los derechos étnicamente definidos. Los principios indígenas ético-filosóficos del Suma Qamaña/Vivir Bien, acerca de la relación armónica entre individuos y naturaleza fueron incorporados en la Constitución. Por otro lado, estos derechos colisionan con los derechos sociales más amplios (definidos por clase), e igualmente, con los derechos del Estado de extraer y comercializar los recursos naturales (en especial hidrocarburos y minería) bajo la bandera de la justicia redistributiva, reformas sociales y bien común, que en este estudio se define como la paradoja del desarrollismo extractivista. Este artículo se basa en un trabajo etnográfico y se problematiza el dilema extractivista y las tensiones entre derechos étnicos y derechos de clase. De esta manera, se aporta a los debates sobre la indigeneidad y la los desafíos y dilemas de proyectos descolonizadores.