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1
Lavoie, Sébastien. "Géologie de la mine East-Sullivan, Abitibi-Est, Val-d'or, Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Coolbaugh, Mark Franklin. "GEOLOGY AND ECONOMIC MINERAL POTENTIAL OF UPPER BROWNS CREEK BASIN, CHAFFEE COUNTY, COLORADO." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275257.
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Hopper, Derek J. "Crustal evolution of paleo- to mesoproterozoic rocks in the Peake and Denison Ranges, South Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18288.pdf.
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Lau, Ian Christopher. "Regolith-landform and mineralogical mapping of the White Dam Prospect, eastern Olary Domain, South Australia, using integrated remote sensing and spectral techniques." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37972.
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The research contained within this thesis was directed at examining the spectral properties of regolith-dominated terrains using airborne and proximal hyperspectral instruments. The focus of the investigation was to identify the mineralogy of the regolith and determine if surficial materials were indicative of the underlying bedrock in the regolithdominated terrain of the eastern Olary Domain, South Australia. The research area was constrained to a 250 km2 area around the Cu-Au mineralisation of the White Dam Prosect. Integrated remote sensing, using airborne hyperspectral datasets (HyMap), Landsat imagery and gamma-ray spectroscopy data, was performed to map regolith-landforms and extract information on surficial materials. Detailed calibration of the HyMap dataset, using a modified model-based/empirical line calibration technique, was required prior to information extraction. The White Dam area was able to be divided into: alluvial regolith-dominated; in situ regolith-dominated; and bedrock-dominated terrains, based on mineralogical interpretations of the regolith, using the remotely sensed hyperspectral data. Alluvial regions were characterised by large abundances of vegetation and soils with a hematite-rich mineralogy. Highly weathered areas of in situ material were discriminated by the presence of goethite and kaolinite of various crystallinities, whereas the bedrock-dominated regions displayed white mica-/muscovite-rich mineralogy. Areas flanking bedrock exposures commonly consisted of shallow muscovite-rich soils containing regolith carbonate accumulations. Traditional mineral mapping processes were performed on the HyMap data and were able to extract endmembers of regolith and other surficial materials. The Mixture Tuned Matched Filter un-mixing process was successful at classifying regolith materials and minerals. Spectral indices performed on masked data were effective at identifying the key regolith mineralogical features of the HyMap imagery and proved less time consuming than un-mixing processes. Processed HyMap imagery was able to identify weathering halos, highlighted in mineralogical changes, around bedrock exposures. Proximal spectral measurements and XRD analyses of samples collected from the White Dam Prospect were used to create detailed mineralogical dispersion maps of the surface and costean sections. Regolith materials of the logged sections were found to correlate with the spectrally-derived mineral dispersion profiles. The HyLogger drill core scanning instrument was used to examine the mineralogy of the fresh bedrock, which contrasted with the weathering-derived near-surface regolith materials. The overall outcomes of the thesis showed that hyperspectral techniques were useful for charactering the mineralogy of surficial materials and mapping regolith-landforms.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2004.
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McDonald, Bruce Walter Robert. "Geology and genesis of the Mount Skukum tertiary epithermal gold-silver vein deposit, southwestern Yukon Territory (NTS 105D SW)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26448.
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The Tertiary Mt. Skukum gold - silver epithermal vein deposit occurs 65 km southwest of Whitehorse in the Yukon Territory. Veins are hosted by a sequence of nearly flat-lying Eocene Skukum Group andesitic volcanic rocks of the Mt. Skukum Volcanic Complex, part of the Sloko Volcanic Province which unconformably overlies these intrusive complexes as well as metamorphic rocks of the Yukon Group.
Major known mineralized zones occur within a regional halo of propylitic alteration centered on a fault-bounded graben within Main Cirque in the southwestern corner of the Mt. Skukum Volcanic Complex. Each zone consists of steeply-dipping quartz-carbonate-sericite veins associated with major faults and rhyolite dykes which bound blocks of the graben.
Precious metals occur as electrum and native silver as fine grains averaging 15 to 20 microns and locaIly exceeding 1 mm across, in veins containing only trace amounts of sulphides. Fluid inclusions indicate that vein minerals were deposited from hydrothermal fluids averaging 313°C with an average salinity of 0.7 weight percent NaCl equivalent. Primary inclusions show that depositional fluids existed under two pressure regimes; one close to hydrostatic, the other approaching lithostatic. Both reflect depths of deposition of about 470 m below paleosurface. Variable fluid pressures reflecting similar depths of deposition combined with variable liquid to vapour ratios in primary inclusions as well as abundant textural evidence of hydrothermal brecciation indicate that boiling was common during mineralization.
Oxygen and carbon isotope composition of minerals in the deposit and surrounding wall rocks indicate that depositional fluids were meteoric in origin with no contribution from magmatic sources. Large depletions in 0¹⁸ content of andesitic rocks in the deposit area indicate a minimum water rock ratio over the life of the deposit of 0.81:1. Precious metals at the Mt. Skukum deposit were emplaced at relatively low temperature in a near surface environment by a circulating, meteoric water dominated, hydrothermal system driven by a heat source associated with the rhyolite dykes. Gold, leached from andesitic volcanic rocks and metamorphic and granitic rocks was precipitated with quartz and carbonate in permeable conduits such as fault zones, and breccia bodies.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Nelson, Stephen Eric 1960. "The geology and mineralization potential of the Bella Vista-Ingot area, Shasta County, California." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558057.
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Brown, Derek Anthony. "Geological setting of the volcanic-hosted Silbak Premier Mine, northwestern British Columbia, (104 A/4, B/1)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26174.
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Detailed mapping of a 7.5 km² area at 1: 2,500 and a 1:10,000 compilation map over 60 km² have established Hazelton Group stratigraphy and structure. Hazelton Group stratigraphy begins with at least 1,000 metres of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (210 ⁺²⁴₋₁₄ Ma; U-Pb zircon) green andesite flows, breccias
and tuffs. Less than 1750 metres of green and maroon andesitic to dacitic volcaniclastic rocks overlie the andesite unit. North of Silbak Premier, at Slate Mountain, the volcaniclastic unit is overlain by up to 200 metres of a black tuff unit containing characteristic fresh biotite and white plagioclase fragments. The top of the Hazelton is a regional marker horizon, the Monitor rhyolite breccia and tuff (197 ± 14 Ma; zircon U-Pb). Hazelton volcanics are overlain by three different units. At Slate Mountain the Bowser Lake Group Bathonian/Callovian argillite and siltstone (at least 1500 m thick) lie above Hazelton rocks. Farther north on Mount Dilworth, Monitor rhyolite is succeded by black tuff or a Toarcian buff carbonate. East of Monitor Lake, less than 75 metres of Bajocian Spatsizi Group silicic shale and tuff overlies Hazelton volcanic rocks.
Three intrusive episodes are discerned through isotopic dating: Early Jurassic (190 ± 2 Ma; U-Pb zircon) Texas Creek plutonic suite dacitic porphyries; Eocene Hyder suite leucocratic dykes; and oligocene-Miocene (25.2 ± 2.3 Ma; K-Ar biotite and 18 ± 6 Ma; Rb-Sr) biotite lamprophyre dykes. The Jurassic suite includes K-feldspar megacrystic "Premier porphyry" sills and dykes that are in part spatially and possibly genetically associated with mineralization.
Structural features include disharmonic tight folds, ductile shear zones, and brittle faults. At least 4 phases of pre-Eocene deformation are defined by: (1) moderate west-plunging recumbent folds, (2) north-plunging inclined folds, (3) north-plunging upright folds, and (4) moderate west-plunging pencil lineations. The map area is divisible into three structural domains: the North, East and Silbak domains. The North domain is characterized by a marked structural discordance between warped Hazelton volcanic rocks and disharmonically folded Bowser Lake Group argillite and siltstone. Three phases of folding are: first phase tight to isoclinal disharmonic, recumbent folds; second phase open folds with shallow northwest-dipping axial planar cleavage; and a third phase upright, shallow north-plunging synclinorium. Structural continuity is difficult to establish due to lack of marker horizons and inferred detachments. The East domain is characterized by phase 3 gently north-northwest-plunging folds and locally east-verging asymmetric chevron folds in the Spatsizi Group. In contrast to North domain, Monitor rhyolite and/or Spatsizi Group are structurally conformable with Bowser Lake Group rxks. The Silbak domain is characterized by phase 4 pencil lineations and quartz veins. Stope geometry illustrates that mineralization occurs along two trends (1) northeast zone and (2) northwest zone of unknown phase.
Steeply dipping, east-striking ductile fabrics occur in the Texas Creek batholith at the Riverside mine, Alaska and in maroon volcaniclastics along Bear River Ridge. Mylonitic fabrics at Riverside mine suggest a dextral sense of shear. A biotite lineation in the mylonitic foliation yields a totally reset Eocene K-Ar date.
The width of Eocene Hyder dyke swarms indicates that there has been at least one kilometre of northeast brittle crustal extension. About 1400 metres of dextral transcurrent movement along the Long Lake-Fish Creek fault is post-Eocene dyke emplacement. oligocene-Miocene lamprophyre dykes fill fractures produced during east-west extension.
Regional syntectonic greenschist grade metamorphism produced a carbonate-chlorite-sericite-pyrite mineral assemblage, probably in Middle Cretaceous time, bracketed by isotopic dating results.
Hazelton Group volcanic rocks and coeval Texas Creek porphyritic rocks are subalkaline high-K to very high-K andesites and dacites. Tectonic discrimination diagrams indicate a calcalkaline, volcanic arc setting, with similar geochemical patterns to those for Andean volcanic rocks. Mineralization is hosted in Hazelton Group andesites and coeval Texas Creek porphyritic dacite sills and dykes. Mineralization and porphyry emplacement appear to have been controlled by northeast- and northwest-striking structures. Ore is predominantly discordant but locally concordant with moderately northwest-dipping andesite flows and breccias. No mineralization occurs in or above overlying maroon volcaniclastic rocks. Sericite alteration gives a Paleocene K-Ar date (63 ± 5 Ma); this is interpreted to be partially reset. The spatial link with Texas Creek K-feldspar porphyry and discordant nature of the ore suggests mineralization is Early Jurassic age and supports an epigenetic model.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Brown, Julia Talleur 1957. "Geology and mineralization of the None-Too-Soon claim block, Wisconsin Canyon, Nevada." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558058.
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Viljoen, Wayne. "Geology, structure and mineralization of the Onguati area, Karibib district, central Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005576.
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The study area is situated in the Southern Central Zone of the intracontinental Pan-African Damara Orogen, approximately 20km NNE of Navachab Gold Mine in the Karibib district of Namibia. Mesothermal vein systems with Cu-Fe±Au mineralization are hosted by amphibolite facies calcitic and dolomitic marbles belonging to the Navachab Member of the Karibib Formation, and are best developed around the defunct Onguati Copper Mine, Brown Mountain and Western Workings areas. The Onguati study area is located in the saddle region of a moderately-to-gently inclined anticlinorium that experienced significant flattening during NNW-SSE-directed compression. The parallelogram arrangement of ENE- and NNE-trending thrusts and reverse faults that surround the Onguati study area may have developed when the direction of greatest principle subregional stress was oriented WSW-ESE. These structures define part of a Riedel shear system and later faults may have developed in the position of R and P shears respectively. Significant strain partitioning occurred between the ductile calcitic marbles which host the best developed, shear-related vein systems and the more competent dolomitic marbles. The thickness distributions of veins in the marbles of the Onguati Mine, Brown Mountain and Western Workings areas conform to a fractal or power-law distribution, The most intensely mineralized vein systems in the Onguati Mine and Western Workings calcitic marbles share similar low fractal dimensions (D-values) of 0.41 and 0.37 respectively. Veins In the calcitic and dolomitic marbles of the Brown Mountain area and in the dolomitic marbles of Western Workings have elevated D-values (>0.60) and are poorly mineralized. The low D-values «0.40) of the well mineralized vein systems reflect the higher degree of fracture connectivity. These vein systems were capable of efficiently draining and localizing large volumes of mineralizing fluids from crustal-scale structures. A metamorphic devolatization model is proposed where the entire Damaran metasedimentary and meta-volcanic package is seen as a large source area of very low concentrations of Cu, Au and other metals. Localization of deformation into crustal-scale faults and shear zones led to regional-scale hydrothermal fluid flow and focussing into the upstream fracture networks of the Onguati study area. Strong mineralization resulted when fluids encountered the reactive marble lithologies
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Riggs, Nancy Rosalind 1956. "Stratigraphy, structure, and mineralization of the Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558036.
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Morehouse, Jeffrey Allen 1953-1985. "A synopsis of the geologic and structural history of the Randsburg Mining District." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558085.
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Duncan, John Towner 1960. "The geology and mineralization of the Northern Plomosa District, La Paz County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558125.
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Robison, Lori Carol 1955. "Geology and geochemistry of Proterozoic volcanic rocks bearing massive sulfide ore deposits, Bagdad, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558078.
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Love, David. "Mine water geochemistry and management : two case studies and a new treatment method." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51829.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mine water, that is all forms of water associated with and affected by mining operations is probably the largest area of concern in the environmental geology of mining. This study looks at the inter-relationship between mine water geochemistry and mine water management. The objectives of this study are: 1. To examine major geochemical processes influencing mine water; 2. To apply new national water and environmental legislation to the mining industry and discover how mine water management will be regulated; 3. To examine the approach of Integrated Catchment Management, and discover how this approach can be applied to the mining industry; 4. To conduct two case studies, where environmental geochemistry, general geochemistry and multivariate analyses are used as tools to investigate groundwater contamination problems in mining areas, and therefore suggest mine water management interventions; and 5. To, considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, develop a newly-patented chemical treatment method for possible application in the mining industry. The changing legal framework - principally the implementation of the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998) - is leading to the responsibilities of a mine becoming substantially clearer, and responsibilities which in the past could have been ignored until public outcry will now be difficult to escape. Two case studies are investigated. In both cases, general geochemistry and hydrogeochemistry, coupled with factor analysis are used to determine the major signatures in groundwater chemistry and the major sources of contamination. On the basis of this, management interventions are suggested. In the first case study, Sishen Iron Ore Mine of the Northern Cape, three signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature, and a contamination signature from the mine and one from agriculture. The extent of nitrate and diesel contamination is shown to be related to agriculture, the use of explosives and to mine workshops and depots. Surface water controls may help reduce these problems. In the second case study, West Driefontein Gold Mine of the Far West Rand, two signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature and a signature relating to contamination from the mine. Cluster analysis is used to suggest three groundwater zones, the chemistry of one being fairly clean dolomitic aquifer, the chemistry of the second affected by the mine and the chemistry of the third affected by granites. Contamination is shown to be related to mining operations, especially the slimes dams, and agriculture. Rehabilitation of dams and dumps, as well as surface water controls may help reduce these problems. Considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, a newly-patented chemical treatment method is examined and tested for possible application in the mining industry. It is shown to be extremely effective for the removal of calcium from water, but less effective for the removal of iron and manganese. More broadly, this study shows the inter-dependence between mine water geochemistry and mine water management, and the need to be multi-disciplinary in approach.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynwater, dit is aile soorte water wat geaffekteer en geassosieer word met mynbou bedrywighede, is moontlik die grootste rede tot kommer in omgewingsgeologie van mynbou. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die verhouding tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur. Die doelwitte van die studie is soos volg: 1. Om die hoof geochemiese prosesse te ondersoek wat mynwater beinvloed: 2. Om die nuwe nasionale water- en omgewingswette toe te pas op die mynboubedryf en te ondersoek hoe die bestuur van mynwater gereguleer sal word; 3. Om die benadering van Gerntegreerde Opvangs Bestuur ("Integrated Catchment Managemement") te ondersoek, en te ondersoek hoe hierdie benadering op die mynbou industrie toegepas kan word' 4. Om twee gevallestudies te doen, waar omgewingsgeochemie, algemene geochemie en multivariant analise gebruik word as middels om grondwater besoedeling in mynbougebiede te ondersoek, en daarvolgens om mynwater bestuurswysigings voor te stel; en 5. Om, nemende in ag die mynwater probleme wat ontdek is in die gevallestudies, 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandelingsmetode, vir moontlike toepassing in die mynbou industrie, te ontwikkel. Die veranderende regtelike raamwerk - hoofsaaklik die implementering van die Nasionale Waterwet (Wet No. 36 van 1998) en die Nasionale Omgewingsbestuur Wet (Wet No.1 07 van 1998) - lei daartoe dat 'n myn verantwoordelik moet wees om opmerklik skoner te word, verantwoordelikhede wat in die verlede maklik gergnoreer kon word maar wat nou te moeilik is om te ignoreer as gevolg van publieke uitroepe. Twee gevalle is ondersoek. In be ide studies word algemene geochemie en hidrogechemie, saam met faktoranalise, gebruik om die hoof kenmerke te bepaal in grondwaterchemie en die hoof bronne van besoedeling. Deur dit as basis te gebruik word bestuurswysigings voorgestel. In die eerste gevallestudie, Sishen Ystererts Myn in die Noordkaap, is drie kenmerkende samestellings qeidentitiseer in die grondwater: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling, en een elk van 'n myn en landbou gekontamineerde samestelling. Die omvang van nitraat en diesel kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieerd met landbou, die gebruik van plofstowwe, mynwerkswinkels en depots. Oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om hierdie probleme te beheer. In die tweede gevallestudie, Wes Driefontein Goudmyn in die Ver Wesrand, is twee kenmerkende samestellings in die grondwater gerdentifiseer: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling en 'n samestelling geassosieer met kontaminasie van die myn. "Cluster" analise is gebruik om drie grondwatersones te identifiseer, die eerste een se chemie stem redelik ooreen met 'n skoon akwifer, die tweede een se chemie is bernvloed deur die myn en die derde se chernie is deur granite bemvloed. Kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieer met mynboubedrywighede, veral die slikdamme, en landbou. Rehabilitasie van damme en afvalhope, asook oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om die probleem te verminder. Deur die mynwater probleme wat in die gevallestudies ontdek is in ag te neem, word 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandeling ondersoek en getoets vir moontlike toepassing in die mynboubedryf. Dit word aangewys as uiters effektief vir die verwydering van kalsium, maar minder effektief in die verwydering van yster en mangaan. In die algemeen, wys hierdie studie inter-afhanklikheid tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur, en 'n behoefte aan 'n rnultidissiplinere benadering.
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Tregoning, Trevor Denzil. "The tectono-metallogenesis during the irumide and pan-African events in South West Africa/Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004490.
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A large portion of South west Africa/Namibia is underlain by 2 great orogens. They are the Irumide (Sinclair/Rehoboth) and Damara Orogenies. The L-shaped Irumide Province forms part of a belt which extends over the subcontinent from Namaqualand to as far as Zambia. The volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Irumide are believed to have formed in intracratonic rifts and pull-apart basins during the period 1400 to 900 Ma. The evolution of the NW trending Sinclair Group proceeded by means of 3 major cycles each beginning with the emplacement of basic to intermediate magmas followed by felsic ones. The cycle ended off with subsidence, deposition of immature clastic debris and final tilting of the volcano-clastic sequence. It was suggested that the extensive calc-alkaline lavas present, developed within a magmatic arc above a subduction zone, but this proposal has not been generally accepted. The NE trending Klein Aub-Witvlei Basins consist essentially of red bed alluvial fans and lacustrine sediments with minor volcanics near the base. The red beds and aeolian sediments were deposited in an arid climatic condition. The regional greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation is attributed to a major tectono-thermal event at 1100 Ma. The Damara Orogen (900 - 550 Ma) forms part of the Pan-African mobile belt system of global proportions. The NE trending intracontinental branch (aulacogen) and 2 coastal branches constitute a triple junction with its focal point near Swakopmund. The NE extension of the intracontinental belt has been linked with the Lufilian Arc hosting the renown Zambian Copper Belt deposits. In South West Africa/Namibia this belt hosts many different mineral occurrences which can be grouped into rift and collision related deposits. The tectonic history of the Damara Orogen supports a geodynamic-evolution-with-time hypothesis and represents a transitional phase in which limited Wilson Cycle Tectonics was active. The Theory of Mantle Advection is invoked to explain rifting, thinning and subsidence. Extensive ensialic rifting resulted in a relatively stable Northern Carbonate Platform and several deep troughs hosting turbiditic sequences. Crustal rupture in the Khomas Trough allowed for the emplacement of ocean floor tholeiites known as the Matchless Amphibolite Belt. Subsequent ocean closure and collision resulted in deformation, metamorphism and generation of predominantly S-type granites. The southern continental plate was partially overridden by the northern plate during final collision at 550 Ma. These low angle thrust faults allowed for the emplacement of the Naukluft Nappe Complex on top of younger Nama sediments. The break up of Gondwanaland during the Mesozoic with the splitting of the Atlantic Ocean was responsible for the intrusion of anorogenic alkaline ring complexes along the extension of the NE trending transform faults within the intracontinental branch of the Damara Orogen. A close relationship between the tectonic setting and mineral deposits has been recognized in both the Irumide and Damara Orogenies. In the Irumide, stratiform syngenetic copper deposits are hosted by alluvial fan, playa and lacustrine sediments. The uninterrupted sedimentation from the Irumide to Damara Orogen resulted in similar stratiform copper deposits during the early stages of rifting. In the Damara Orogen the rifting (extensional) phase is characterized by 4 main mineralizing systems: diagenetic/syngenetic (Kupferschiefer-type), epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type), volcanogenic cupriferous pyrite (Besshi-type) and volcano-exhalative Pb-Zn (Red Sea-type). The collision (compressional) phase was accompanied by 4 main mineralizing processes: epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn, hydrotheral/metasomatic Sn-W-rare earth, metamorphogenic Au and U-bearing anatectic melts. The key to the selection of viable exploration targets lies in the understanding of the field evidence and the geodynamics modelling to explain the evolution of the orogen and its associated mineral deposits.
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Du, Plessis Rudolf. "The South African mining industry towards 2055: scenarios." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4215.
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The strained commodity price environment has triggered strong measures of cost containment and control by global and South African mining industries with workforce reductions, mine closures and shelved projects. Added to this, the South African mining industry is facing an unparalleled number of challenges, including an uncertain regulatory environment, infrastructure constraints, frequent industrial actions, rising costs and shortages of skills. The dynamism of discontinuous change has increased considerably and the South African mining industry is today facing an uncertain future with a blurred outlook. The results of the detailed analysis of future studies theory and practice in this research study support the argument that there is a strong need to fundamentally change the ways of planning for the future of the South African mining industry. The practice of developing new insight through the application of futures studies is central to this process. Today, collective decisions and strategies are progressively more founded on and informed by futures studies. The research study sought to develop insight regarding the future of the South African mining industry through the construction of four scenarios towards 2055: Divided We Fall, where a confident industry is threatened by social divisions as industry transformation is disregarded; Rock Bottom, where weak global economic conditions coincide with lacklustre industry innovation; Rising from Ashes, with similar economic conditions, but the industry responding positively through accelerated industry innovation; and Renaissance, set against positive global economic conditions with the South African mining industry adopting a collaborative, innovative approach to industry transformation. The research study further strived to uncover the preferred future for the South African mining industry as basis for the South African Mine of the Future Vision towards 2055. Throughout the research study, Inayatullah’s pillars of futures studies were applied as a guideline in mapping the present and future, deepening the future, broadening the future through the development of scenarios, and transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred. The study provides valuable insight into the driving forces relevant to the South African mining landscape. In addition, it provides insight on how to anticipate the changes these driving forces may bring about for the industry over the next 40 years from a decision-maker’s point of view. It is up to the mining industry to select the road to follow in terms of progress and sustainable development. Through an innovative approach, the creation of an environment of trust, the sharing of values, purposes and benefits, the South African Mine of the Future Vision is attainable. The South African mining industry must commit itself to working in collaborative partnerships with local communities, government, society and labour; stepping boldly into a world of social, environmental, technological and commercial innovation.
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Delgado-Argote, Luis Alberto 1953. "Geologic and economic study of ultramafic complexes of the coast of Guerrero, Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558060.
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Power, Michael James. "Geochemical Surface Expression of the Phoenix and Millennium Uranium Deposits, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30918.
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The geochemistry of surface media above two known U deposits were examined to observe any possible dispersion products could be detected from them, and based on these findings, improved geochemical exploration techniques are proposed to reduce cost of finding undiscovered U resources. This study examined the materials overlying the Phoenix deposits, which have indicated resources of approximately 58.2 million lbs U3O8 grading 15 wt% that lie at 400 m depth below surface at the unconformity between the overlying Athabasca sandstones and Paleoproterozoic basement rocks. Aqua regia digestion, ammonium acetate at pH 5 and hydroxylamine leaches revealed U, Pb, Co, Ni, Mo, and W anomalies in humus and U, W and As anomalies in B-horizon soils above the ore zones and the basement location of a deposit-hosting, northeast-trending “WS Hanging Wall” shear zone over a three year period. These metal signatures suggest likely upward transport of metals from the deposits to overlying sandstones, and subsequently into the overlying till and soils.
This study also looked at materials above the Millennium U deposit, which has indicated resources of 68.2 million lbs U3O8 grading 4 wt% at ~750 m depth that occurs along a major fault in granites & metamorphosed pelites of Paleoproterozoic age below the Athabasca sandstones. Soil samples taken over the surface projections of an ore-hosting fault and the ore zone yielded anomalous values in U, Ni, Cu and Pb in aqua regia digestion of humus and U, Cu and Pb values in ammonium acetate leach of pH 5 of B-horizon soils. Hydroxylamine leach did not yield as many anomalies as ammonium acetate leach. Measured 4He/36Ar ratios of gas dissolved in water-filled drill holes were observed to be up to about 700 times the atmosphere value for air-saturated water, revealing the presence of radiogenic 4He that was likely produced from decaying U and released in the groundwater above the deposit. Our results suggest upward migration of metals to surface through porous sandstone and fault systems at Phoenix, and upward migration of metals along faults and He gas at Millennium. Both studies indicate the importance of the traverse method of sampling over targets perpendicular to the last major ice-flow event to discern U deposits that are defined by other means.
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Pontes, Naedja Vasconcelos. "Análise estratigráfica e geoquímica através de isótopos de enxofre em sequências pelíticas e mistas na formação Morro do Chaves da Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas." Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Análise de Bacias, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5391.
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Morro do Chaves Formation are considered important potential hydrocarbons source rock of
the Sergipe-Alagoas basin. Cretaceous shales from Morro do Chaves Formation have been investigated to identify their isotopic signature and source areas by stable sulphur ä34S
isotopes technique. In addition, this study shows the potential source rocks based on organic geochemical parameters. The 16 samples of shales were collected and submitted to total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (S), Rock-Eval pyrolysis and stable sulphur isotopes ä34S.
The TOC and Rock Eval results revealed high organic contents and the predominance of kerogen classified as type I. The results of the geochemical analyses indicated TOC and S contents reaching 9,22% and 1,67%, respectively and it was possible to observe two intervals anoxic events. The results indicate sea water source from the bacterial sulfate reduction to high values of the sulfur isotopic ratio and low values reflect the isotopic signature of meteoric water. The paleoenvironment conditions were characterized like lagoon ambient with possibility marine invasion.O objetivo deste trabalho visa caracterizar a geoquimica de folhelhos do periodo Cretaceo da Formacao Morro do Chaves, Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas. Foram estudadas 16 amostras de folhelhos submetidas a analise de carbono organico total (COT), enxofre Total (S), pirolise Rock Eval e razao isotopica de enxofre Â34S com o objetivo de identificar a assinatura isotopica e possiveis areas fontes. Os resultados de COT e Rock Eval demonstrou alta quantidade de materia organica e determinou-se o querogenio caracteristico como do tipo I, essencialmente algalica. Os resultados da analise geoquimica de COT e S atingiram valores de 9,22% e 1,67%, respectivamente, possibilitando a identificacao de dois intervalos anoxicos. Os resultados isotopicos identificaram duas provaveis fontes, sendo os altos valores relacionados a reducao bacteriana de sulfato provenientes de agua marinha, os baixos valores provenientes de fonte meteorica e os valores intermediarios de ambas as fontes. As condicoes paleoambientais foram caracterizadas como um ambiente lagunar que possivelmente ocorreu invasoes marinhas no sistema.
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Raines, Mark Douglas. "An assessment of equilibrium in the Merensky Reef : a textural, geochemical and Nd isotope study of coexisting plagioclase and orthopyroxene from Winnaarshoek in the eastern Bushveld Complex, RSA." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015644.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence of mineral disequilibrium is presented for the Merensky Reef at Winnaarshoek in the eastern Bushveld Complex. Petrographic disequilibrium textures, disequilibrium in orthopyroxene, plagioclase and clinopyroxene mineral compositions as well as disequilibrium in Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of whole rock samples and coexisting plagioclase and orthopyroxene are presented. Disequilibrium textures presented include clinopyroxene exsolution lamellae in orthopyroxene; resorbed plagioclase in orthopyroxene or relict plagioclase; various inclusions such as orthopyroxene, plagioclase or clinopyroxene in larger oikocrysts of clinopyroxene or orthopyroxene; discontinuous rims of clinopyroxene surrounding orthopyroxene; resorbed orthopyroxene in clinopyroxene; and corona textures associated with olivine. These textures were used to derive a possible mineral crystallization sequence. At least two sequences of crystallization took place, both of which crystallized plagioclase first. One sequence then crystallized olivine which was then consumed to produce orthopyroxene which crystallized prior to late clinopyroxene. The other sequence indicates orthopyroxene crystallization after plagioclase crystallization, followed by crystallization of clinopyroxene. These sequences indicate at least two magmas were responsible for the genesis of the Merensky Reef and its hanging wall and footwall units. Compositionally, disequilibrium is evident in the range of compositions found in coexisting orthopyroxene, plagioclase and clinopyroxene with stratigraphic height, with particular reference to the change in mineral composition in each of the hanging wall, Reef and footwall units. Orthopyroxene compositions range in Mg numbers between 74.6 and 82.9 (77.4) in the hanging wall, 78.5 and 87.0 (avg. 81.1) in the Reef, and 77.9 and 84.1 (avg. 81.3) in the footwall. Plagioclase compositions range in An content between An64.9 and An82.3 (avg. An75.1) in the hanging wall, An56.8 to An70.8 (avg. An62.7) in the Reef, and An54.2 to An86.3 (avg. An73.2) in the footwall. In terms of Sm-Nd isotopic compositions, disequilibrium is evident between both whole rock samples and coexisting plagioclase and orthopyroxenes. Bulk rock Sm-Nd isotopic compositions show a range in ԐNd values between ԐNd (2.06 Ga) = -4.8 to -6.4 in the hangingwall, ԐNd (2.06 Ga) = -6.3 to -8.5 in the Reef, and ԐNd (2.06 Ga) = -4.5 to -6.3 in the footwall. Similar ԐNd values are present in the hanging wall and footwall units, with a clear “spike” in the Merensky Reef. ԐNd values in plagioclase are between ԐNd (2.06 Ga) = -5.8 and -7.8, while orthopyroxene isotopic Sm-Nd values are between ԐNd (2.06 Ga = -7.1 and -9.1. The mineral disequilibrium features presented within this study help elucidate the crystallization sequence of the magma as well as to constrain the contamination of the magma upon ascension and emplacement of the Merensky Reef. The results of this study favour a model where a mantle plume resulted in the ascent of a new magma which was contaminated by the assimilation of old, lower crust. Contamination took place prior to the possible lateral emplacement of the Merensky reef as a density current. 5-10% contamination of depleted mantle or a B2-“like” source by Archaean TTGs is modeled to achieve the contamination “spike” of ԐNd = -8.5 in the Merensky Reef.
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Bradley, Mark Alan 1958. "Vein mineralogy, paragenetic sequence and fluid inclusion survey of the Silver district, La Paz Co., Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558062.
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Foulkes, Susan Elizabeth. "New geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Gamsberg zinc deposit, Namaqualand Metamorphic Province, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012084.
Full textAbstract:
The base metal massive sulfide deposits of the Aggeneys-Gamsberg (A-G) District are hosted within the Mesoproterozoic Bushmanland Group of the Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Complex in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The district displays an apparent eastward trend in the economic concentration of base metals (+ barite) from relatively Cu-Pb-rich, Ba-poor mineralisation at Black Mountain to Zn- and Ba-rich ores at Gamsberg. Base metal sulfides at Gamsberg are restricted to the so called Gams (Iron) Formation which comprises a sulfidic mineralized unit (“B”) enveloped within a sequence of meta-sedimentary units (“A” and “C”). The aim of the study was to shed further light on the genesis and chemical evolution of the sulfide mineralisation at Gamsberg in the context of the entire A-G District, by interrogating further the apparent district-wide trend in base metal distribution. The Gams Iron Formation was sampled and studied from one key drill core intersection (“G1”) which intersects the largest part of it as described elsewhere; a small number of additional samples from a second drill core (“G2”) complemented the main sample suite. Minerals that make up the silicate assemblages across the studied section include quartz, garnet, pyroxene, pyroxenoid, phyllosilicates, carbonates, amphiboles, oxides (chiefly magnetite) and graphite. In a stratigraphic context, the mineralogical variations conform directly to those documented in the relevant literature from the Gamsberg locality. These are coupled, where possible, with mineral-chemical profiles of selected silicate species which replicate those of bulk-rock compositions, particularly with respect to Mn, Fe and Ca in the upper C Unit of the studied section. These signals collectively track the characteristic transition from a terrigenous, siliciclastic sediment-dominated footwall to an exhalative sediment-dominated hanging wall to the sulfide mineralisation as also seen in similar deposits elsewhere, particularly with respect to the characteristic Mn-rich signature increasingly observed in the hanging wall C Unit. The foregoing suggests that the examined section faithfully records the interpreted primary stratigraphy of the deposits, despite the complex structural and metamorphic overprint that characterises the region. This facilitates a stratigraphic analytical approach on the sulfidic Unit B, through a combination of mineral-chemical and stable isotope analyses. Dominant sulfides in Unit B are sphalerite and pyrite, with lesser pyrrhotite and minor galena. Sphalerite shows high and generally invariant contents of Fe (mean 12.18wt%, as FeS) whereas Zn anti-correlates with Mn (mean 5.58wt%, as MnS). Isotopic analyses for S, Fe and Zn in hand-picked sphalerite and pyrite separates were used with a view to providing new evidence for chemical and isotopic variation within the sulfide ore-body in a vertical (i.e. stratigraphic) sense, discuss the implications thereof, and ultimately interpret the new data in light of similar existing data from the A-G District and elsewhere. The δ³⁴S data for pyrite (plus a single pyrrhotite grain) and sphalerite from both cores G1 and G2 show comparable compositional ranges between 22.9 and 30.4‰ and between 27 and 30.1‰ respectively. The δ⁵⁶Fe data for pyrite show a range between -1.85 and 0.19‰, whereas seven sphalerite separates have a very narrow range of δ⁶⁶Zn from 0.06 to 0.20‰. The atypically high sulfur isotope data reported in this study are interpreted to reflect sedimentary deposition of primary sulfide ore at Gamsberg from an isotopically highly evolved seawater sulfate source through large-scale Rayleigh fractionation processes. Thermogenic sulfate reduction is proposed to have been the main reductive mechanism from seawater sulfate to sulfide, given the absence of very low δ³⁴S data for sulfides anywhere in the A-G District. By contrast, the δ⁶⁶Zn values for sphalerite are for all intents and purposes invariant and very close to 0‰, and therefore suggest little Zn isotope fractionation from an original exhalative fluid source. On this evidence alone, Zn isotopes therefore appear to hold little promise as a proxy of the chemical and isotopic evolution of SEDEX deposits in space and time, although this can only be verified through further application in the broader A-G District and similar deposits elsewhere. The apparent decoupling of Zn and S isotopes in the Gamsberg sulfide deposit, however, points towards diverse sources of these two components, i.e. ascending metalliferous brines versus seawater respectively. Finally, pyrite δ⁵⁶Fe data do show a stratigraphic trend of generally declining values up-section, which are interpreted to reflect the influence of broadly coeval precipitation of isotopically heavy Fe-oxides on a broader-scale – now preserved as abundant magnetite through metamorphism. Further work on the iron isotope composition of silicate-and oxide-hosted Fe on a local-to-district scale will assist in testing this interpretation.
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Beaudry, Luc M. "The systems of minor moraines (De Geer type,--) associated to the Laurentide ice sheet, Québec, Canada : genesis : applications to mineral prospection = Les systèmes de moraines mineures (type de Geer,--) associés à la calotte laurentidienne, Québec, Canada : genèse : applications à la prospection minérale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Montréal, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Thèse (D.R.Min.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en association avec l'Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005.Bibliogr.: f. 156-160. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Dopavogui, Joseph Siba. "Structural assessment of the Koulekoun Gold Deposit, Guinea, West Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018201.
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The Koulekoun Gold project is the most important prospect of Avocet Mining plc. It is one of the projects within the TriK-block in Guinea (West Africa) for which an exploration permit has been granted. The Koulekoun deposit is located within the Siguiri basin of Birimian age in the Eastern Guinea region; where most Guinea’s gold mines are situated. The present study involves the investigation of structural elements (S₀, S₁, S₂, intrusive contacts, faults and veins) from selected drill cores from drill sections that intersect the Koulekoun orebody in four parts of the deposit; characterizes the principal orientations of measured structures and determines their relationships using stereonet; in order to predict important intersections to focus on in exploration programs within the TriK-block and suggests a possible structural model of the Koulekoun deposit. Raw data used for the present research was collected from half-core samples due to the absence of surface outcrop from which direct measurements could have been made. Measured data were interpreted using stereographic projection. Often no preferred orientations of structural elements exist in the area, suggesting a complex structural situation, particularly with regard to hydrothermal vein attitudes. Thus, it has been illustrated from structural data analysis and S₀ data 3d interpolation of the four sub-structural domains (North-East, North-West, Central and South) that NE-SW structures (S₂, intrusive contact, fault and vein) have controlled the occurrency of gold mineralization in the Koulekoun deposit area. Geometrical relationships between structure main cluster orientation from stereonet analysis show the majority of S₀ moderately E-dipping; intrusive contacts dip at moderate angle to the SE in all zones, except in the North-East zone where they are sub-vertical and SE-dipping. Fault planes show variable orientation of NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W, and steeply SE-dipping. Vein planes correspond to fault systems and show high variability in their orientation with numerous orders of vein direction in each domain. The cross-cutting relationships suggest two principal generations of faults: the NE-SW fault (F1) and the NW-SE fault (F2). These two fault systems and their associated vein intersection areas preferably define the ore shoot zones within the Koulekoun deposit. The proposed structural model of the Koulekoun deposit suggests the intersection and interference of major NW-SE and minor NE-SW structures. The interference of folds formed basin-dome structures with oval shape geometries striking NW-SE and that dominantly occur in North-East, North-West and Central zones. The South Zone is characterized by NE-SW gently plunging and moderately inclined folds with NW-SE striking axial surface. Gold mineralization occurs at the edges of basin-dome structures in North-East, North-West and Central zones. Mineralized porphyry intrusions are likely located within the axial surface of the South zone folds and extend toward the Central zone. The proposed model is compliant with the earlier model of the Koulekoun deposit presented by Tenova (2013); Fahey et al. (2013) describing the Koulekoun deposit as an auriferous NE-SW trending fault zone, intersecting a major NW-striking and steeply E-dipping porphyry units. The model also fits within the regional structural context suggested by Lahondere et al. (1999a) related to the E-W vein structures attributed to NW-SE fractures and to the conjugated fault of NE-SW direction. Comparatively to the three industrial gold deposits (Siguiri, Lero, Kiniero) being currently mined in the Siguiri Basin, and defined as mesothermal vein and lode mineralization hosted in Birimian meta-sedimentary rocks (Lalande, 2005), the Koulekoun gold deposit appears to be a porphyry hosted orogenic disseminated style mineralization system (Fahey et al., 2013). Although, similarities between the Koulekoun gold deposit and these three industrial deposits (Siguiri, Lero, Kiniero) constitute of the intensive extends of the weathering profile and at some stages, by the existence of numerous ring-shaped and curved lineaments enhanced by drag folding (Lero deposit for instance). It is therefore recommended that targets selection around the Koulekoun deposit and within the TriK-block for further exploration programs be concentrated along NW-SE structures, in objective to determine possible intersection zones with NE-SW structures.
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ROBERTS, MARK CULMER. "THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE INTENSITY OF USE METHOD OF MINERAL CONSUMPTION FORECASTING (MINERAL, ECONOMICS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187962.
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The intensity of use of a mineral is traditionally defined as the consumption (production plus net imports) of the mineral divided by gross national product. It has been proposed that this ratio of raw material input to gross economic output is a predictable function of per capita income and that the relationship is based on economic theory. Though the theory has never been clearly defined, the intensity of use method has been used to make long term forecasts. This dissertation formulates a theoretical model of the consumption of minerals and the resulting intensity of use which is used to test the validity of the traditional intensity of use measure and its forecasting ability. Previous justifications of the intensity of use hypothesis state that changes in technical efficiency, substitution rates among inputs, and demands are explained by per capita income, which, as it grows, produces a regular intensity of use pattern. The model developed in this research shows that the life of the goods in use, foreign trade of raw and final goods, prices, consumer preferences, technical innovations, as well as the above factors fully explain economic use, which is not simply a function of per capita income. The complete model is used to restate the traditional theory of intensity of use and to examine the sensitivity of traditional measures to changes in the explanatory variables which are commonly omitted. The full model demonstrates the parameters that must be examined when making a long term forecast. Regular intensity of use patterns are observed for many minerals in many nations. Setting aside the theoretical questions, the intensity of use method is often used to make long term projections based on these trends in intensity of use as well as the trends in population and gross national product. This dissertation examines the forecasting ability of the traditional intensity of use method and finds that it is not necessarily an improvement over naive consumption time trend forecasts. Furthermore, it is unstable for very long term projections.
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Cai, Wenlong. "ZERO-ONE PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF MINE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING PROBLEMS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275401.
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Gwatinetsa, Demand. "Distribution of iron-titanium oxides in the vanadiferous main magnetite seam of the upper zone : Northern limb, Bushveld complex." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013281.
Full textAbstract:
The main magnetite seam of the Upper Zone of the Rustenburg Layered Suite (SACS, 1980) on the Bushveld Complex is known to host the world‘s largest vanadium bearing titaniferous iron ores. The vanadiferous titanomagnetites, contain vanadium in sufficient concentrations (1.2 - 2.2 per cent V₂O₅) to be considered as resources and vanadium has been mined historically by a number of companies among them Anglo-American, Highveld Steel and Vanadium and VanMag Resources as well as currently by Evraz Highveld Steel and Vanadium Limited of South Africa. The titanomagnetites contain iron ore in the form of magnetite and titanium with concentrations averaging 50-75 per cent FeO and 12-21 per cent TiO₂. The titaniferous iron ores have been historically dismissed as a source of iron and titanium, due to the known difficulties of using iron ore with high titania content in blast furnaces. The economic potential for the extractability of the titaniferous magnetites lies in the capacity of the ores to be separated into iron rich and titanium rich concentrates usually through, crushing, grinding and magnetic separation. The separatability of iron oxides and titanium oxides, is dependent on the nature in which the titanium oxide occurs, with granular ilmenite being the most favourable since it can be separated from magnetite via magnetic separation. Titanium that occurs as finely exsolved lamellae or as iron-titanium oxides with low titania content such as ulvospinel render the potential recoverability of titanium poor. The Upper Zone vanadiferous titanomagnetites contain titanium in various forms varying from discrete granular ilmenite to finely exsolved lamellae as well as occurring as part of the minerals ulvospinel (Fe₂TiO₄) and titanomagnetite (a solid solution series between ulvospinel and magnetite) . Discrete ilmenite constitutes between 3-5 per cent by volume of the massive titanomagnetite ores, and between 5-10 per cent by volume of the magnetite-plagioclase cumulates with more than 50 per cent opaque oxide minerals. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mineralogical setting and distribution of the iron and titanium oxides within the magnetitite layers from top to bottom as well as spatially along a strike length of 2 000m to determine the potential for the titanium to be extracted from the titanomagnetite ores. The titanomagnetites of the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex with particular reference to the Northern Limb where this research was conducted contains titanium oxides as discrete ilmenite grains but in low concentrations whose potential for separate economic extraction will be challenging. The highest concentration of titanium in the magnetite ores is not contained in the granular ilmenite, but rather in ulvospinel and titanomagnetite as illustrated by the marked higher concentration of TiO₂ in the massive ores which contain less granular ilmenite in comparison to the disseminated ores which contain 3 to 8 percentage points higher granular ilmenite than the massive ores. On the scale of the main magnetite seam, the TiO₂ content increases with increasing stratigraphic height from being completely absent in the footwall anorthosite. The V₂2O₅ content also increases with stratigraphic height except for in one of the 3 boreholes where it drops with increasing height. The decrease or increase patterns are repeated in every seam. The titanomagnetites of the main magnetite seam display a variety of textures from coarse granular magnetite and ilmenite, to trellis ilmenite lamellae, intergranular ilmenite and magnesian spinels and fine exsolution lamellae of ulvospinel and ferro-magnesian spinels parallel to the magnetite cleavage. The bottom contact of the main magnetite seam is very sharp and there is no titanium or vanadium in the footwall barely 10cm below the contact. Chromium is present in the bottom of the 4 layers that constitute the main magnetite seam and it upwards decreases rapidly. In boreholes P21 and P55, there are slight reversals in the TiO₂ and V₂O₅ content towards the top of the magnetite seams.
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Webber, R. C. W. "Determining the physical and economic impact of environmental design criteria for ultra-deep mines." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07242006-105847/.
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King, Nelson Eng. "A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MINE EVALUATIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275287.
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Gottschalk, Ethan Jermome. "Resource Debate in Southwest Alaska: The Bristol Bay Fishery and the Pebble Mine." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01222010-112628/.
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Bristol Bay, in Southwest Alaska, is the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world. After an almost total collapse of salmon numbers in the mid 1970s, the salmon have returned and average in the tens of millions every year. The salmon play a vital economic, cultural, and subsistence role in the lives of the people who call Bristol Bay home. At present there is a plan to develop a low-grade, but substantial, mineral deposit that consists primarily of copper, gold, and molybdenum. The estimated value of the minerals present is more than $500 billion. This plan is known as the Pebble Project, and could involve an open-pit mine, a large area of block caving, as well as the creation of huge tailings ponds north of Lake Iliamna. The proposed site of the mine straddles a drainage divide that affects two major watersheds that feed the Bristol Bay fishery. A resource debate is at hand which places the development of the mineral deposit at odds with the health of the fishery.
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Fountaine, ELise V. "Computer aided underground mine design and drafting package." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182785891.
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Crandall, Jake. "Potential mineral resources on Mars: Ore processes and mechanisms." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1677.
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Ore-forming processes are relatively well understood on Earth, but little is known about mineralization processes on Mars. By applying terrestrial analogs, using data collected from orbital and rover missions and evidence for hydrothermal activity from alteration assemblages, the types and locations of different ore-forming processes have been investigated with the aim of discovering concentrations of mineral resources on Mars. These resources are likely to be of critical importance for future manned missions to Mars, and insight gained towards mineralization on Mars may also advance our understanding of terrestrial deposits.
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Scheppele, Ryan Hall. "Wingbeat modulation detection of honey bees using a continuous wave laser system." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/scheppele/ScheppeleR0806.pdf.
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Li, Zhongxue. "Determining the size and life of underground coal mines." Diss., This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022008-063243/.
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Pan, Guocheng. "Concepts and methods of multivariate information synthesis for mineral resources estimation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184946.
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This study introduces a new methodology referred to as geoinformation synthesis for multivariate evaluation of mineral resources and integration of diverse geoscience data. The most critical component is the development of the notion of intrinsic samples and the methods for their delineation. Intrinsic samples replace grid cells which are conventionally employed as the basic information reference. Grid cell sampling has imposed several serious limitations on the geoscience and genetic information that can be objectively related to mineral endowment. Methods based upon intrinsic samples moderate to a certain extent these problems and bring the critical genetic information into the geoscience information system which forms the basis for the quantitative evaluation of mineral resources. The second major component in this new methodology is the integration of factors describing exploration effects with other geodata and mineral endowment estimation; this combination effectively reduces the possibilities of biases in the estimates of mineral endowment and recoverable resources due to the incomplete knowledge on the control area and imperfect analogy with the study areas. The third component is the use in the qualitative models of synthesized geoinformation, which is considerably enhanced, instead of using directly the original measurements (geodata). Several multivariate techniques are proposed and employed for synthesis of diverse information and estimation of mineral endowment, including a priori weighted multivariate criterion, optimum discretization, coherency analysis, multidimensional scaling method (p(ijk), filtering analysis, and geochemical transportation models. These methods were developed, tested, and demonstrated on an actual case study of the epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California using various data sets available for this region: geochemical, structural, gravity and magnetic, lithology, and alteration. Finally, the estimation of endowment in terms of epithermal gold-silver mineral occurrences is given for some selected intrinsic samples or information zones identified in the Walker Lake region.
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Altamirano, Nelson. "Essays on mining countries : Dutch disease, development and copper markets /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975891.
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Yu, Zhanjing. "A study of building response and damage due to mining-induced ground movements." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112007-092849/.
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Walter, Timothy George. "METALS DISTRIBUTION AT THE SAN ANTONIO MINE, SANTA EULALIA MINING DISTRICT, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275296.
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Carter, E. J. "Flow of power law fluids with application to oil drilling." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/458.
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The thesis is concerned with a theoretical study of the flow behaviour of inelastic power law fluids in two different types of flow situation. These are: 1. The creeping motion of a sphere moving through an expanse of liquid. 2. The combined steady and oscillatory flow of a liquid through a straight tube of circular cross section. The first part of the work is devoted to the prediction of the drag correction factor for a sphere falling slowly through a bounded inelastic power law fluid. The analysis is carried out for the case when the outer spherical boundary has a finite or infinite radius. A perturbation technique is used to produce the resulting equations for a slightly power law fluid which are solved using the finite element method. An asymptotic expansion is used to provide an analytical far field solution for the infinite outer sphere case. The second part considers the combined steady and oscillatory flow of an inelastic power law liquid in a tube. The analysis is carried. out for the case when both the steady flow rate and the oscillatory flow rate are known. An expression for the pressure gradient reduction in the tube is then derived. The resulting partial differential equation is solved by finite difference techniques. An analytical solution for the pressure gradient is also obtained using a perturbation analysis for the case when the fluid inertial effects are small.
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Wilson, Michael George Carey. "A preliminary appraisal of the mineral potential of Venda based on a reconnaissance geochemical soil sampling survey and literature review." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005606.
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A reconnaissance soil sampling survey was carried out over Venda by Cycad (Pty) Ltd and the samples were analysed for 36 elements using XRF techniques, by Anglo American Research Laboratories in Johanuesburg. The data resulting from this survey forms the basis for the present interpretive study. Initially the sample positions were co-ordinated, then the geological, soil and sample types were allocated to each point. Twelve lithological groupings were chosen which incorporated most of the available data, retained significant geological characteristics and consisted of statistically significant sample populations. Statistical manipulation was undertaken for each of the lithological groups. Using a final population of 5768 samples, means were determined and anomalous values were identified using a threshold of mean plus two standard deviations. Due to time and budgetary constraints, 24 of the 36 elements were chosen for statisical manipulation and fourteen of these, with particular economic significance, were chosen for plotting, wherever significant numbers of anomalies were present. The element overlays were plotted so as to coincide with 18 of the 25, 1:50 000 topographic sheets covering Venda , the remaining 7 having inadequate sample coverage to yield meaningful contours. In this way a total of 175 element overlay sheets were plotted, each showing contoured element levels, with selected anomalous values. The treatment of the vast body of information made available by the Cycad sampling programme has thus been selective and has continually been aimed at highlighting and concentrating attention on the areas of greatest indicated mineralization potential, rather than on specific anomalies. In this regard it is felt that the present study has been successful, in spite of limited sample coverage in some areas. Combining the results of this study with a modern tectonically-based appraisal of mineralization potential and a knowledge of the local geology and previously known mineralization gleaned from an extensive literature review, the following types of mineralization are considered to have the highest potential in Venda: i) Nickel-copper-platinum mineralization as well as magnesite, in the olivine dolerite sills which intrude the base of the Karoo Sequence in Northern Venda. ii) Coal in the basal Karoo Sequence sediments in a broad zone from Jazz 715 MS in the west, and along the Klein Tshipise fault from Amonda 159 MT to the Mutale Copper Fields then east of these to the Kruger National Park. Where intrusives invade these lower Karoo sed iments the potential exists for amorphous graphite. iii) Hydrothermal copper and possibly gold and silver concentrations, in Nzhelele and Sibasa Formation rocks, particularly those associated with faults known to have been active in post-Soutpansberg times. iv) Sediment-hosted massive sulphide deposits (Cu-Pb -Zn) close to basin margin faults, near intersections with cross cutting faults that have resulted in localized basin formation. These are most likely in the Soutpansberg sediments. v) Martle, flake-graphite and late stage skarn mineralization (including lead, zinc, gold and tungsten), in calcareous rocks of the Gumbu Formation.
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McGill, Jeannette Elizabeth. "Technical risk assessment techniques in mineral resources management with special reference to the junior and small-scale mining sectors." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-124915.
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Crane-Engel, Melinda. "The political economy of multilateral technical assistance : a case study of United Nations mineral exploration projects." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1987.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D) -- Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1987.Typescript. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 471-492. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Wa, Ku Mikishi Lenge E. "Economic justice and mineral exploitation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A biblical and ethical approach." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105016.
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Thesis advisor: David HollenbachThesis advisor: Andrea Vicini
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Bainton, Nicholas Alexander. "Virtuous sociality and other fantasies pursuing mining, capital and cultural continuity in Lihir, Papua New Guinea /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003343.
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Matthews, Robert Reese. "The Antaractic treaty : alternative resource management policies for off-shore hydrocarbon exploitation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28880.
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Smith, Jessica L. K. "A land of plenty Depression-era mining and landscape capital in the Mojave Desert, California /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3209959.
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Steele, George Benjamin. "Metallogenesis and hydrothermal alteration at Cerro Rico, Bolivia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=195758.
Full textAbstract:
Cerro Rico is the world's largest silver deposit. Hypogene mineralisation is hosted by a sheeted, polymetallic vein system which cross-cuts a pervasively altered rhyodacite dome. The 13.8Ma dome was intruded along a regional dextral strike-slip fault. Subsequent movement focused stress within the dome, creating a closely-spaced fracture system, best described as an extensional duplex. Hydrothermal alteration shows features characteristic of both porphyry and epithermal deposits. Shallow acid-sulphate alteration, comprising sub-horizontal zones of advanced argillic alteration and residual vuggy silica, formed through the neutralisation of a supergene, acid-sulphate fluid derived from the atmospheric oxidation of hypogene H2S. Deep sericitisation which largely pre-dates the polymetallic vein mineralisation is the product of wall-rock reaction with magmatically-derived volatiles. Localised tourmalinisation resulted from the violent release of boron-rich fluids during early decompression events. A buried magma body is implied for the source of volatiles. Polymetallic vein mineralisation is vertically and laterally zoned from deep Sn-W-Bi-As-Cu assemblages to peripheral Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag. Hypogene silver occurs within complex Pb-Sb sulphosalts, tetrahedrite (freibergite), pyrargyrite and argentite. Mixing of reduced, near-neutral, hypogene Ag-bearing fluids and oxidised, supergene, acid-sulphate fluids caused the precipitation of 'bonanza' silver mineralisation within the acid-sulphate lithocap. Early pre-mineral fluids were hypersaline (34wt. %NaCl equivalent). Main stage ore fluids varied in temperature between 140 and 410°C with salinities averaging 11wt.% NaCl equivalent. Stable isotope data are consistent with a magmatic source both for the ore fluid and sulphur. Following collapse of the hydrothermal system, a fall in the palaeo-water table caused deep oxidation. Silver was released from hypogene sulphosalts and re-precipitated as disseminated acanthite and silver halides. Hypogene Ag2S remained stable in the weathering environment. The oxide zone, preserved by a semi-arid climate, currently constitutes a world-class silver orebody.
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Marcy, Norman Karl. "British Columbia parks and mines in conflict : an evaluation of resolution processes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24858.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate alternative processes for resolving conflicts between mineral development, and park preservation interests in British Columbia. The peculiarities and variation within the generic conflict illustrate the divergence between two main interest groups, and the representative provincial resource agencies. A brief examination of eight cases demonstrates the conflict is manifest with different intensities, over a wide time range, and with geographic variety. By comparing the supposed weakness of the litigation model and the claimed advantages of the bargaining model for processing of conflict to resolution, five criteria for efficiency are developed: time and delay; cost; capacity for technical issues; opportunity for participation; and flexibility of outcomes. Examples of conflict dialogue illustrate cognitive, value, interest and behavioral conflict in the parks / mines situation with the aim that the reader and the researcher can have a communality of experience and tools for understanding in assessing the detailed case evidence. Detailed examination of the Wells Gray Provincial Park case and Chilko Lake Wilderness Park Proposal illustrate strong British Columbia examples of both litigation and bargaining models under the same time and political circumstance. Not all of the allegations of strength or weakness are substantiated in either case. The promise demonstrated in the unstructured version of bargaining found in the Chilko example may be improved through innovation and commitment.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Park, Sang-Jeong. "Investigation of factors influencing the determination of discount rate in the economic evaluation of mineral development projects." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292009-082936/.
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Peplow, Dan. "The influence of mine waste contamination on invertebrates and fish in the Methow River Valley, Okanogan County, Washington (U.S.A.) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5519.
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