Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mines Charbon'
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Maynard, Michel. "La socialisation des mines de charbon en Allemagne et le problème de l'activité collective." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/maynard_m.
Full textSamson, Daniel Joseph. "Industry and improvement, state and class formations in Nova Scotia's coal-mining countryside, 1790-1864." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20585.pdf.
Full textTourmann, Jean-Luc. "Caractérisation par microsonde laser LAMMA de poussières de mine de charbon et recherche de nouveaux paramètres de nocivité spécifique." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Tourmannn.Jean_Luc.SMZ9318.pdf.
Full textEtiopathogenesis and the role of quartz in the development of coalworkers' pneumoconiosis (improperly called "silicosis") are still a matter of debate. Epidemiological or experimental toxicity and/or non-quartz related toxic determinants. Our methodological approach relates to single particle analysis of coal mine dusts using laser microprobe mass analysis. It is based on the determination of the incidence (within a particle population) of elements (or combinations thereof) which reveal a correlation with epidemiological or experimental toxicity data. Results demonstrate (in agreement with former studies) that surface contaminations of quartz may be considered as a parameter of specific harmfulness (i. E. In agreement with epidemiological data) which modulate the quartz-related toxicity of coal mine dusts. However, most of the results suggest that iron (and other heavy metals) is a more relevant toxicity determinant. An etiopathogenic hypothesis and a toxic principle based on surface-related oxydative properties of dusts particles are presented (as actually discussed for asbestos fibres). This work opens new perspectives in indutrial hygiene for studies aiming at the assessment of occupational exposure limits in mining industries
Toha, Taufik. "Analyse de la stabilité des talus dans les mines à ciel ouvert : application à la mine de charbon de Bukit Asam (Indonésie)." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMPA001.
Full textTroch, Kevin. "Ne pas grever l'avenir au bénéfice du présent : Une histoire environnementale de l’extraction du charbon de la fin du 18e siècle à l’Entre-deux-guerres : un développement non soutenable. : L’exemple du Couchant de Mons et du Valenciennois." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H004.
Full textThis is a study on the history of the environmental impacts of coal mining in the « Couchant de Mons » and the « Valenciennois » basins and the development of extractivism in Belgium and France from the 18th century to the Inter-war Period. It highlights the cultural foundations and the scientific and legal basis explaining the expansion of coal mining in these two countries, especially regarding the regulation of mining damages. Reactions of the States, mining companies and the inhabitants of the basins to the environmental damages caused by coal extraction are also analyzed. Processes of negotiation, power strategies and movements against coal mining are at the heart of this thesis. The heavy weight of collieries in the regulation system of mining damages, the willingness of governments to allow the extraction of coal and the development of a « War against coal » by the inhabitants are analyzed from several exemplary situations. Finally, this work considers the influence of geologists and mining engineers in the creation of a « science of mining damages » through three scientific controversies : induced seismicity, theories on mining subsidence and flooding engendered by coal mining
Al, Saab Dani. "Etude de la production et de la migration des hydrocarbures dans le bassin du Donets en Ukraine : Aspects économiques et Exploitation." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10071/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the capacity of two different humic coals to generate hydrocarbons.Two bituminous humic coals were selected for this study in objective to evaluate their petroleum potentiality, a Cretaceous coal from the basin of Sabinas, and two Carboniferous coals from the basin of Donets. Pyrolysis in confined system was used in this work. More oil, wet gas, solid bitumen and even methane were produced during the pyrolysis of Donets coals than its amount produced from Olmos coal.The obtained results of modeling study of the petroleum system in Donets Basin show that: coalification level increases towards the E & SE parts of studied area of Donbas, the major erosion phase occurred at late Permian time with maximum total erosion in the SE part, the main phase of hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Carboniferous and early Permian subsidence phase, three phases of oil expulsion from source rock in Donets Basin were predicted, the major quantity of trapped methane is located in the southern and northern parts of main anticline.Finally, in this work a simple experimental relation between the generation of methane and %Rr of coal was formalized and validated by using field data and the results of the modeling study in the basin
Gallier, Paschoud Anne-Christine. "Les concessions de mines de houille dans les Cévennes depuis la loi du 21 avril 1810 jusqu'à la nationalisation de 1946." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10016.
Full textThe notion of concession was created by the april 21st 1810 law, real starting point of a legislation about coal, to control the energetic ressources by the gouvernement and to have more and better exploitations. This is a work about its application through concessions and coal exploiting companies in the southern region of france the "cevennes", to show their evolution till their absorption by the french national coal board in 1946
Daviet, Sylvie. "Le bassin houiller lorrain et son espace frontalier : l'évolution d'une région en voie de reconversion." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23007.
Full textMuniga, Jacques. "De l'aménagement assisté à l'aménagement concerté : les bassins houillers français en quête d'une reconversion économique." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20030.
Full textIn private companies hand at first, french coal exploitations were nationalized in 1946. They had therefore to allow the rebuilding and the economic recovery of France. Nevertheless in 1951, french coal production had to cope with a management that had become more european. The european coal and steel community was born and the competition era it brought about showed, day after day, that french coal exploitation was not profit-making. But, at the same time, our governments had grown aware of "the political weapon" that regional development could be. So facing a recession which became inescapable they attempted an economic redeployment of the coalfields. Despite all the efforts made and the very important fundings, forty years later, redeployment remains a problem. It finally appeared that if physical space was not very likely to benefit from redeployment the mining community with its aspirations and hopes, alongside hesitating policies, the choice of substitution industries as well as the legal framework applicable to regional development contributed equally to an absence of redeployment in french coalfields
Mimoun, Abdelghani. "Modélisation du soutenement par boulonnage dans les ouvrages souterrains profonds : cas de la mine de charbon H.B.C.M. France." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL112N.
Full textTornatore, Jean-Louis. "Le charbon et ses hommes : tensions, coordination et compromis dans le réseau sociotechnique de l'exploitation du charbon des Alpes briançonnaises, XVIIIe - XXe siècles." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769798.
Full textRevalor, Roger. "La maitrise des coups de terrains dans les exploitations minieres." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL074N.
Full textTORNATORE, JEAN LOUIS TREPOS JEAN YVES. "LE CHARBON ET SES HOMMES. TENSIONS, COORDINATION ET COMPROMIS DANS LE RESEAU SOCIOTECHNIQUE DE L'EXPLOITATION DU CHARBON DES ALPES BRIANCONNAISES, XVIIIE - XXE SIECLES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2000/Tornatore.Jean_Louis.LMZ0003.pdf.
Full textKourchid, Olivier. "Production et travail dans une industrie stratégique : sociologie, histoire, archéologie du monde de la mine." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070102.
Full text1st part : constrained labor (1938-1944). The mobilization of workers and managers in dominant coal company, the division of statuts, and forced labor imply different forms of resistance and integration. 2d part : political labor (1944-1952). With nationalization, the public coal industry rebuilts other regional and local hegemonies, under ministers' government and the pressure of geopolitics. Modernization and miners' statute are the stakes of the conflicts. 3rd part : prescribed labor (1850-1990). The professional and social biographies are presented through several generations; workers, employers, engineers, managers, higher industrial civil servants and union leaders show evidences of the relationship between mobility and stability and between underground and surface work. 4th part : fossil labor (1989-1992). The analysis of labor and production in underground and surface environment in the coal mine site of Oignies allows to move from industrial exploitation, to archeology of labor and to industrial conservation and heritage. These steps pose the central relationship of sociology to history and to archeology. 5th part : endangered labor. Technical, social and institutional safeties and securities are necessary to understand strategy and culture of industrial societies
Oberson, Dominique. "Métalloprotéinases des macrophages et élastase leucocytaire au cours de pneumoconioses expérimentales chez le rat : inhalation chronique de poussières de charbon ou de silice." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120051.
Full textMonteil, Serge. "Le pouvoir des salariés dans les charbonnages de la Ruht (Ruhrkohle A. G. ) dans les années 70 : comités d'entreprise, cogestion paritaire, conventions collectives." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100027.
Full textIn part 1 we explain why and how the coal mines of the Ruhr were concentrated into one unified company (the Ruhrkohle A. G. ) in 1969. To meet competition from the cheap oil, the federal government persuaded the coal companies to gather their mines into one group to reduce and rationalize production. The mines were combined into 7, then 3 regional companies directed and controlled by a holding company. The works constitution act is applied at the level of the mines, of the regional companies and of the holding, the co-determination law of 1951 at the level of the regional companies and the holding. In part 2 we analyze the influence of the workers of the rag both inside the group (works constitution act and co-determination law) and outside (law on collective agreements). We point out that workers are represented at all levels and participate in all decisions, especially in commercial questions and the selection of directors (co-determination law). We also show that their influence is based on solidarity as well as law, since 90 % of the workers are organized in the same union. Finally, we establish that they do not use their power, and above all their right of co-determination, to undermine the principle of profit but to lessen social distress and to hinder a weakening of their legal influence. So, co-determination helps to stabilize the system by letting the workers take part in decision-making. In part 3 we summarize the economic results from 1970 to the beginning of the 80s. While concentration has made social and rational adaptation of production to demand possible, it has not yet secured the competitive position of rag. The rag suffers disadvantages from geological conditions and the high level of German wages. Only state subsidies or a fundamental change in the energy market can secure its survival
Le, Gal Nils. "Libération et migration du méthane depuis le charbon dans un contexte hydrogéologique post-minier : développement d'un protocole expérimental et approche numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00734686.
Full textPiquet, Nathalie. "Arbeitsverhältnisse und Arbeitsbeziehungen im nordfranzösischen und belgischen Steinkohlenbergbau unter deutscher Besatzung (1940-1944)." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30044.
Full textReichart, Guillaume. "Modélisation thermo-hydrodynamique d'un réservoir minier profond ennoyé : le cas du Bassin Houiller Lorrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0051/document.
Full textSince 2006, cessation of dewatering in Lorraine Coal Basin (France) led to the flooding of abandoned mines, resulting in a new hydrodynamical balance in the area. Recent researches concerning geothermal exploitation of flooded reservoirs raised new questions, which we propose to answer. Our work aimed to understand the thermo-hydrodynamical behaviour of mine water in a flooding or flooded system. Firstly, we synthetized the geographical, geological and hydrogeological contexts of the Lorraine Coal Basin, and we chose a specific area for our studies. Secondly, temperature and electric conductivity log profiles were measured in old pits of the Lorraine Coal Basin, giving a better understanding of the water behaviour at a deep mineshaft scale. We were able to build a thermo-hydrodynamical model and simulate water behaviour at this scale. Flow regime stability is also studied. Thirdly, a hydrodynamical spatialized meshed model was realized to study the hydrodynamical behaviour of a mine reservoir as a whole. Observed water-table rise was correctly reproduced : moreover, the model can be used in a predictive way after the flooding. Several tools were tested, improved or developed to ease the study of flooded reservoirs, as three-dimensional upscaling of hydraulic conductivities and a coupled spatialized meshed model with a pipe network
Chancerel, Pierre. "Le marché du charbon en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1921)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100142/document.
Full textDuring the First World War, France loses some coalmines in Nord and Pas-de-Calais, a large number of miners and German and Belgian imports. Despite the liberal principles of the Third Republic, the French State intervenes more and more into the production, the transport and the commercialization of coal to fix the shortage. From summer 1917, the Minister of Armament Louis Loucheur settles a specific administration, the Bureau national des Charbons, which controls the whole market: it gathers producers and consumers, fixes prices and rules the repartition. After the Armistice, increased English prices and insufficient German deliveries impose on the administration to keep controlling the market. The Bureau national des Charbons aims to unify the national market with single sales price for the whole country. It also becomes an instrument of economic policy since it can give some advantages to specific categories of consumer. At the beginning of 1921, this war system is suddenly dismantled. France faces then an industrial overproduction crisis which gives an end to the shortage and questions the State’s market intervention
Morel, Journel Christelle. "De la construction du bassin aux enjeux de la mémoire minière : les territoires du charbon en région stéphanoise (XIXème-XXème)." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET2062.
Full textVerschueren, Nicolas. "Fermer les mines en construisant l'Europe: une histoire sociale de l'intégration européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210001.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Gairoard, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact des anciens travaux miniers de charbon sur les eaux souterraines : application à la région d'Alès (Gard)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL035N/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative impacts, linked to the abandonment of the mining works on Alès coal basin. This work consisted in analysis and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data on the waters outflows of former coal mines in order to determine the chemical composition of groundwaters outflows and the water chemistry. For that, we used principal component analysis, diagrams of Piper and Schoeller-Berkalov on all waters outflows. Secondly, we analyzed the temporal evolution of concentrations of each element for the waters outflows. The quantitative aspect is therefore considered by the synthesis of knowledge available on the mining reservoir of Fontanes (geology, spatial distribution, pumping data and piezometrics levels). Some groundwaters outflows have a quality that makes their direct discharge into the environment impossible and it is important, in this situation, to define the affected body of the water. For that, we have developed a hydrodynamical model by sequential automaton. It is applied to the former works of Rochebelle-St-Martin de Valgalgues leading to the determination of the parameters permeability and thickness of mining aquifer recovery of piezometric level of the reservoir while taking into account a pumping still maintained. This model will lead to a better comprehension of the parameters defining the aquifer in the mining perspective to exploit this reserve. The mine water has a poor quality. After a better knowledge obtained by a hydrodynamical modeling, it becomes realistic to propose a recovery of this water by use of its calories from geothermal and knowing the geometry of the tank mine
Al-Heib, Marwan. "Les nouvelles méthodes de modélisations numériques et le volume d'influence des exploitations minières en conditions complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_AL_HEIB_M_M.pdf.
Full textConus, Marie-France. "Cycles longs et transformations structurelles : application à l'industrie houillère des Cévennes : 1810-1967." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10017.
Full textGueguen, Yann. "Étude des mouvements de surface en environnement minier à partir d'interférométrie radar et identification des origines des déformations : l'exemple du bassin Nord/Pas-de-Calais." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0365.
Full textThe needs in fossil energy during the industrial area lead to the intensive exploitation of the resources of the Nord/Pas-de-Calais carboniferous basin (France). The extraction of these materials induces disorders of the geological structures which introduce depressions in surface. If the greatest part of the subsidence occurs during the extraction, a small part persists during a more or less long period after the end of the exploitations corresponding to the residual subsidence. Charbonnages de France is in charge of the monitoring of this phenomenon in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais area since December 21, 1990, completion date of mining work. Using high precision levellings, CdF is rapidly confronted with the limitations of this method (cost, duration…). In this context, we used the radar interferometric methods in order to propose an efficient tool to characterize and quantify the soil movements, and determine the part of the residual subsidence with respect to others phenomena. The results provided by these methods agree with the known orders of magnitude of displacements and bring new information on the shape and the extent of the mining origins subsidence areas. The description of other phenomena which can involve movements of the same order of magnitude was also carried out and allowed a better account in the study of surface motion in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais basin
Jeoung, Jaehyun. "Exploitation minière et exploitation humaine : les charbonnages dans le Vietnam colonial, 1874-1945." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC053/document.
Full textCoal was known in Vietnam from early on, but it was during the colonial period that it was subjected to systematic exploitation. The French were interested in these mineral resources of Vietnam before the colonial conquest. After the establishment of French protectorate in Tonkin and in Annam in 1883-1884, coal mining grew quickly as a result of influx of capital and introduction of technics from France and became one of principal industrial activities in Tonkin. The colonial authorities strongly supported the “mise en valeur” of colony by French capitalism. Nevertheless, it was not easy even for the biggest French companies to organise a new production activity in a country hardly industrialised. Whereas Hòn Gai colliery succeeded in overcoming financial, commercial and industrial difficulties and to make sizeable profits, most other mining enterprises did never provide enough returns to capital employed and even some of them ended in total failure. In particular, mining companies had great difficulty in recruiting workers and retaining them to mines, working conditions of which were particularly harsh. High mobility characterised workforce of mines and delayed thus formation of class consciousness among mine workers. The general strike of Hòn Gai workers in november 1936 witnessed however emergence of a new social class, whom Vietnamese communist activists sought to make revolutionary vanguard against colonialism and capitalism
El, Hariri Amina. "Les Marocains dans les houillères du Nord Pas-de-Calais et leurs relations avec le pays d'origine : fermeture des mines, retour et réinsertion au pays." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5013.
Full textIn order to work out the industrial reconversion of the mine field without leading into serious problems, the colieries in nord pas-de-calais and the french public authorities did have a recourse, since the beginning of the sixties, to the moroccan labour force so as togo along with the policy of the decline of the coal industry in the region. In fact, till the close down of the entreprise, only moroccons could manage to keeps a balance between the output and manning reduction. The analysis of the relationship with the social environement in homeland confirms the strong attachment of the immigrahts with their native regions. However, their destiny seems to be uncertain because of the prejudicial consequences of the reconversion in france and the reluctanceof the families toward the final return home. Nowadays, the reinsertions meets some dificulties in the native region. It seems more like a personal affair than a political concern of the gouvernment. On the whole, the reinsertion economical projets are traditional in nature and less productive for the regional economy
Muñoz, Giraldo Felipe. "Utilisation de l'ensemble méthodologique MADS/MOSAR pour l'évaluation des systèmes de barrières de sécurité : application au secteur minier colombien." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL049N/document.
Full textN this work, we explain the application of the MADS/MOSAR methodology in the Colombian mining sector and analyze the current legislation linked with three scenarios (explosion, post-operation collapsing and pulmonary diseases). The entire normative body of a country can be conceived as safety barriers and it plays an important role in industrial safety management. The definition, classification and performance of the normative barriers, allows the management of technological risks to perform a risk reduction in order to enhance the acceptability in the regional context. It permits to identify the flux of danger for a group of events, to define the existence of normative barriers and to generate a global panorama over the position of the different instruments that already exist allowing future management opportunities. The results of our analysis show a point of view that can be very useful for a local government or a whole national system to develop and/or evaluate his legislative instruments of risk management
Debrabant, Françoic-Xavier. "Le droit social dans les houillères françaises (1810-1939)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30004.
Full textIt is between 1810 and 1939 that french social law has been created. In cool mines, usually called " sociallaboratory ", and where particulars social laws grow up, this évolution takes tree steps. The first périod (1810-1884) sees only few laws about factory work, spécialy in cool mines. In a context of triumphant paternalism and mistrust of government about working classes, the application of those laws seems us very partial : the laws that control workers enforced on a strict way, when the ones supposed to proteet them enforced on a laxitier way. The second périod (1884-1906) sees the apparition of a powerfull mining syndicalism, counterbalancing the paternalism of the patronate, and actions from unions on government and parliament. For his part, State begins to act, still on a discreet way, in favour of workers. Those changes permited both the development of a completier social legislation, recognizing a cool-bearing specificity, and an application more objective of this legislation. But the control of this application by State is still too weak, and the developement of mining syndicalism will create considerable social disorders. We must wait the period after 1906 to see State publicly staped in and became the guarantor of tbe social balance between mining's syndicalism and patronate. Those, joined with the effects of the unions'actions on Parliament and with the development of the collective bargaining, permited the birth of a real social law, recognizing a large specificity in coal mining industry. Moreover, this social law has been applicated more strictly, because the extension of State's control and its own growth. At the same time, frauds and infractions to the law gradually became exceptional
Fontaine, Marion. "Les « Gueules Noires » et leur club : sport, sociabilités et politique à « Lens les Mines » (1934-1956)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0145.
Full textWe try to understand how the links between a sport club The Racing Club de Lens, a town, Lens, and a social group, the coal miners, were forged, The following analysis includes twenty-two years of the history of RCL, from its professionalization to its 50"‘ anniversary. We explain how the club become the place of a peculiar consensus and how it can corne to symbolise the community of the coal miners, The period is characterised by the increasing involvement in football by the mining community and by the great crisis of this community, The present work aims therefore at understanding the RCL in the broader context of the sports associations and the institutions which shape Lens : mining company, local authorities and trade unions. The evolutions of the sports associations allows a new reading of the mining world, namely that of the political aspects of this world. The sporting gaine can help us understand how a working-class community has successively been shaped and reshaped
Perdoncin, Antonin. "Des Marocains pour fermer les mines : immigration et récession charbonnière dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1945-1990)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN042/document.
Full textHow were Moroccan workers utilised to close coal mines in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais ? This thesis answers this question by studying the economic history of coal mining in France, and migration policies. Such a historical sociology of migrations sees migration policies from the point of view of a firm -- and not of a state --, and of the agents who contributed to the recruitment, management and control of these migrant workers. As coal pits were being closed one by one, understanding the role of Moroccan workers requires to analyse both their professional trajectories and the slow historical process of disappearing of coal miners. Colonial context also weights heavily, raising the issues of the relationships between state institutions and companies on each shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and of the modalities of importation of racialist ideals and of practices of population management and control.This research is defined at the crossing of an economic sociology of the firm and of state regulation of an economic sector, and a historical sociology of work, migration policies and the working class. In order to understand the way a big company implemented, on the long run, a recruitment policy of immigrant workers, one needs to analyse the transformations of productive systems, the evolutions of the firm's workforce policy, and the individual trajectories of a segmented and hierarchised professional group. Sources are constituted of archives of the Houillères de Nord-Pas-de-Calais and of Charbonnages de France, of archives of the governments coal policies, of writings and debates amongst a small group of engineers-economists (Corps des Mines) who contributed to the piloting of coal recession, and of carreer files of mine workers. Two types of quantification are implemented: from the firm's administrative and workforce policy, and from a sample of 400 career files (200 Moroccans, 200 non Moroccans). From the nationalisation of the whole mining sector to the closing of the last pit in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, this history manifests the relationships between economic policies, the evolution of French capitalism, and the concrete modalities of the construction, weakening and disappearing of an important segment of the working class
Bélanger, Michelle. "Vers le paysage : photographie et aménagement des territoires miniers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34173.
Full textThese past years, a change of attitude towards mining territories can be felt. Long seen as derelict or even ruined, those territories are now perceived as important historical witnesses and are, therefore, preserved as heritage landscapes. In 2012, for example, the Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin was included in the World Heritage List as an organically evolved cultural landscape. Having unique characteristics, mining landscapes are also requalified, in certain regions , as touristic attractions. They then become , just as natural landscapes are today, vectors of economic growth. The mine, harnessed for its natural ressources, is now assigned new values and, as well, new roles. Indeed, who would have thought that it would one day be managed and planned the same way beautiful landscapes are ? Conveying this new attitude towards mining sites , more and more photographers, from all backgrounds, represent them as landscapes. Artists , for example, showcase their wide range of shapes through esthetic images. With the advent of the digital era and online photography sharing, the amateur photographer , who is always searching for spectacular places to photograph , reclaims this type of representation. Disseminated on the web in an ever - increasing number, these photographies do not only attest of a new way of seeing mining territories as landscapes, but without a doubt also shape their perception. This research aims mainly at better understanding the spread of a new way of perceiving mining sites as landscapes . Since the photographic image stands as a witness and possibly as an actor of this phenomenon , it is used as the connecting piece to examine how mines can become landscapes. Focusign on the province of Quebec , this thesis analyses the practices through which mining sites are modeled and converted into landscapes, like patrimonialization, tourism development and nature restoration. These pratices, taking part in a process called empaysagement minier (mining landscaping), are then examined through photography and the landscape archetypes it produces. The photographic image quickly reveals itself as influencing not only the way we see mining sites, but it also seems to guide the way they are reappropriated and inhabited once they are perceived as landscapes . Therefore, photography and planning of mining territoires both reveal themselves as being more and more landscape oriented .
Giard, Fabienne. "La rationalisation industrielle : des systèmes et des hommes : sociologie de l'industrie charbonnière du Nord-Pas de Calais, 1960-91." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-226-1.pdf.
Full textCrenn, Bernard. "Les fours à chaux des marges armoricaines : 1775-fin des années 1950 : la grande mue d'une petite industrie." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0132.
Full textLime making, mainly in limekilns supplied with coal, is a caracteristic activity on the armorican fringes in france (maine-et-loire, mayenne, western sarthe) during the 19th century. This know-how is turning to good account the local limestone quarries and often the regional coal mines. The dominant production is lime for agricultural enrichment ; it reaches its peak about 1860. To better understand the evolution on a long-lasting period, we have opted for an analysis beginning 1775 and going to 1939. The study which is inserted in a large conception of technical history, concerns the transformations of technics, sites, landscapes, enterprises, social conditions and economic strategies. The first part is dedicated to the analysis of the dissemination of a technic, the coal limeburning, during the period 1775-1839. A know-how, already made up on the banks of the angevin basse-loire, spread around and this scattered making takes proto- industrial aspects. The second part underscores trends toward mass production and concentration from the beginning of the 1840's to the end of the 1870's, insisting on the implication of some local mining societies in the lime production. The third part shows at ounce, from 1880 to 1939, the declines of some traditional production forms and the existence of resistance poles, led by families or societies. It takes into consideration the problem of reconversion of sites and people
Ahmed, Samar. "Numerical modeling of stress redistribution to assess pillar rockburst proneness around longwall panels : Case study of the Provence coal mine, France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0248/document.
Full textRockburst is a violent explosion of rock that can occur in underground mines. In the current research, the main objective is to demonstrate the causes that may influence the rockburst proneness by using the numerical modeling tool. However, firstly, the pre-mining stress state and the induced stresses due to surrounding excavations have to be studied precisely. The Provence coal mine, where a rockburst took place in its shaft station that is surrounded by many longwall caving panels, has been chosen as a case study. A large-scale 3D numerical model has been constructed to include the shaft station area with its small-scale pillars and galleries, and the large-scale longwall panels with their accompanying goaf area. Many problems appeared while developing such large-scale numerical model, the first problem was the initialization of stress state at a large-scale, where the measured vertical stresses are in disagreement with the overburden weight, and the in-situ stresses are highly anisotropic. The second problem was the simulation of the goaf area accompanying longwall panels. The third problem was the assessment of pillars instability in terms of its strength/average stress ratio, and its volume. The Fourth problem was the assessment of rockburst proneness in the shaft station based on different rockburst criteria. Five methods were developed to initialize the heterogeneous pre-mining stress in the large-scale numerical model. These methods are based on the Simplex Method, which is mainly based on optimizing the difference between the in-situ measured stress values and the numerical stress values to develop stress gradients able to express the stress heterogeneity and compatible with the in-situ measurements. The method that is based on initiating the stress state with 3D stress gradients was found to be more efficient than the traditional method that is based on the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratios. Regarding the goaf simulation, three models were developed and implemented in the numerical model to express the mechanical behavior within the goaf area above longwall panels. Two of these models are based on an elastic behavior, and the third one is based on the strain-hardening elasto-plastic behavior that takes the consolidation phenomenon into consideration. It was found that the goaf area above longwall panels could reach up to 32 times the seam thickness, and the elastic modulus of caved area (the first few meters in the goaf area) did not exceed 220 MPa to fulfill the roof-floor convergence. But, with advance of the exploitation, this soft material consolidated under the pressure of the overlying strata. In case of critical and super-critical width, the vertical stress in the goaf area exceeded the overburden weight, and it increased up to 4 times the overburden weight on the rib-sides. The vertical stress increased in the shaft station pillars as a result of exploiting the nearby longwall panels. It was found that the pillar volume plays an important role in its stability. And, the strength/stress ratio was found to be insufficient to quantify the rockburst proneness in underground mines. Many rockburst criteria were implemented in the numerical model to assess the rockburst proneness. It was found that the criteria that are based on stress and strain changes were able to assess the rockburst proneness
Nandillon, Romain. "Phytostabilisation des éléments métalliques d'un technosol minier végétalisé par le genre Salix assistée par du Biochar." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2007.
Full textThe mining activity has significantly contributed to the pollution of the environment by metals and metalloids. The mining site of Roure-les-Rosiers (Pontgibaud district, Puy de Dômes), due to the high lead and arsenic concentrations in the mine wastes, can contribute to the contamination of surrounding ecosystems. It is therefore necessary at least to limit the transfer of pollutants, and, ideally, to consider the long-term stabilization of the wastes. In such context, phytomanagement appears as an ecological and inexpensive approach, alternative to the conventional techniques. In view of the particular characteristics of the studied mining technosol (high toxicity and low agronomic quality), amendments addition (biochar, compost and iron sulphate) was necessary. To this end, mesocosm tests were conducted to assess the impact of these amendments on pollutant bioavailabilities. The results showed that biochar and compost addition decreased lead concentration in the soil pore water by more than 90%. For its part, iron sulphate has helped to control the arsenic mobilization caused by the supply of compost added in order to improve the agronomic quality of the technosol. Thus, arsenic concentrations in soil pore water have been kept below the usual limit value for release into the environment (100 μg.L-1). All these benefits related to the amendments made possible, on the experimental plot, to set up a vegetation cover, combining different species of willows and clover. Monitoring of this vegetation over two years of growth validated the adopted approach, with the observation of a very low lead and arsenic accumulation in the aerial parts of the studied species, taking into account the pollutants concentrations found in the technosol. In addition, the analysis of the soil microbiological compartment showed that compost improved the diversity of microorganisms suggesting a refunctionalization process. Monitoring the experimental plot over several plant growth cycles will validate the phytomanagement strategy developed at various scales, from the laboratory to the site
Bell, David. "Ardent propaganda : miners' novels and class conflict 1929-1939 /." Umeå (Sweden) : Umeå university, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37042088w.
Full textTOURMANN, JEAN-LUC MULLER JEAN-FRANCOIS. "CARACTERISATION PAR MICROSONDE LASER LAMMA DE POSSIERES DE MINE DE CHARBON ET RECHERCHE DE NOUVEAUX PARAMETRES DE NOCIVITE SPECIFIQUE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1993/Tourmannn.Jean_Luc.SMZ9318.pdf.
Full textPassaqui, Jean-Philippe. "Intégration vers l'amont, politique d'approvisionnement en matières premières minérales et combustibles fossiles solides, au sein des établissements Schneider et Cie du Creusot, de 1836 à 1946." Dijon, 2001. http://books.openedition.org/pur/21322.
Full textGairoard, Stéphanie. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE L'IMPACT DES ANCIENS TRAVAUX MINIERS DE CHARBON SUR LES EAUX SOUTERRAINES : APPLICATION A LA REGION D'ALES (GARD)." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410955.
Full textCertaines émergences présentent une qualité qui rend impossible leur rejet direct dans l'environnement et il est important dans cette situation de bien définir la masse d'eau concernée. Pour cela, nous avons élaboré un modèle hydrodynamique par automates séquentiels. Il est appliqué aux anciens travaux de Rochebelle-St-Martin, aboutissant à la détermination des paramètres perméabilité et épaisseur du réservoir par reconstitution du niveau piézométrique du réservoir tout en tenant compte d'un pompage encore maintenu dans l'exploitation. Cette modélisation permet de mieux connaître les paramètres définissant l'aquifère minier dans la perspective d'exploiter cette réserve. Ces eaux de mines présentent une qualité médiocre. A partir d'une meilleure connaissance hydrodynamique du système, obtenue par la modélisation, il devient possible de proposer une valorisation de cette eau par utilisation de ses calories en géothermie connaissant la géométrie du réservoir minier. Les anciennes exploitations minières sont à nouveau source d'énergie.
Royer, Pascale. "Contribution de l'homogénéisation à l'étude de la filtration d'un gaz en milieu déformable à double porosité : application à l'étude du système gaz-charbon." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10186.
Full textGocel-Chalté, David. "Déterminants spatio-temporels de la qualité des cours d’eau dans un contexte de déprise et de changement des activités : rôle possible des facteurs du passé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0094.
Full textHuman activities have been continuously affecting natural ecosystems functioning during the Holocene and it actually have an impact at a global scale. There is particular concern over the integrity of freshwater ecosystems, however local past activities can also still impact these ecosystems and are rarely considered for the management of streams. The headwater streams especially, whose functioning is based on terrestrial organic matter inputs, are sensitive to human uses of neighboring lands, and so may be actually affected by stresses of historical origin. It seems pertinent to identify such effects of past activities on freshwater ecosystems and to understand the mechanisms involved in these processes. During this thesis project we conducted a prospective in situ study, to determine the influence of the legacy of potential historical activities on the current ecological quality of headwater catchment streams. We combined an approach of historical ecology of landscapes (anthracology, study of old maps, …) with a study of biotic and abiotic parameters of streams. The first approach aimed to study the woodland composition of last centuries and to georeference old human uses (deforested areas, charcoal production sites, homes, ponds, …). The second aimed to determine the integrity of stream by multiparametric analyses. The results of this study, realized on forested catchments of northern Vosges mountains, revealed that the streams which are situated in a low-impacted landscape, globally have a good ecological quality. Some ponds with different ages have an impact on the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates communities and deviation to good ecological state, maybe due to urban pollutions or acidic rainfalls. Nevertheless the exploitation of forest for the production of wood charcoal until the beginning of XXth century lead to the creation of thousands of charcoal production sites (CPS) that affect the availability of phosphorus both in environment. Moreover, woodland dynamic seems to have been conditioned by the sylviculture, leading to a higher proportion of coniferous species today than in the past (before the beginning of charcoal production). These aspects lead us to believe that human activities have been influencing organic matter inputs into streams. We can conclude that the historical building of ponds and the charcoal production in these woodlands have an influence on actual characteristics of streams, in parallel to modern stresses. Thus, this project open strong lines of research about the nutrients fluxes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems under the influence of charcoal production sites. This could help us to better understand the impact of this activity across history
Abdallah, Mouhammed. "Vulnérabilité des ouvrages en maçonnerie à des mouvements de terrain : méthodologie d'analyse par méthodes statistiques et par plans d'expériences numériques sur les données de la ville de Joeuf." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL019N/document.
Full textThe context of our study concerns ground movements that may occur in Lorraine as a result of mining subsidence events and their impact on traditional masonry houses. When such an event occurs, houses suffer disorders resulting from efforts in the structure caused by the movement of the ground. The response that characterizes the state of the structure depends on the geometrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. However, the discontinuous nature of the masonry and the interactions complexity between masonry blocks makes it difficult to determine that response. The same is true about the soil-structure interaction. The purpose of this research is to study, by numerical modelling with the distinct element method, experimental design planning and response surfaces, the behaviour of masonry structures subjected to a typical mining subsidence event and to define from this study some criteria making possible the estimation of the vulnerability of all the buildings of a city. A first simplified analysis describes the principle of the used methodology which is then applied to the study of all houses of the city of Joeuf, used as a pilot site. This methodology is based on an analysis of the total length of the opened joints, which are considered as similar to cracks in the structure. Then, a typology analysis helps first to distinguish 4 groups (types) of houses which have similar characteristics. On each of these groups, the methodology is applied consistently, based on the geometrical characteristics of the houses facades and then leads to the formulation of vulnerability functions that use the technique of orthogonal regression
Servera-Vives, Gabriel. "Dynamique holocène du paysage et mobilités des pratiques territoriales au mont Lozère (Massif central, France) : Approche paléoenvironnementale multi-indicateurs à haute résolution spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0031/document.
Full textFive sedimentary sequences have been studied in the Mont Lozère with the aim to reconstruct the landscape dynamics and the land-use through the longue durée. The use of a multi-proxy analysis has allowed us both to identify distinct rhythms of human-induced landscape shift and to establish the local/regional extent of these changes. The use of high spatial, chronological and analytical resolution has enabled a correct integration of the results of this research with those supplied by the PCR-Mont Lozère project. As a result, a series of land-uses in a mountain environment from the Neolithic to present time has been proposed. A long history of socio-environmental interactions in Mont-Lozère is evidenced. A first shepherding phase in Early Neolithic (4550-4400 cal BC) has been evidenced. During Late Neolithic pastoral practices and related slash-and-burn strategies attain its highest activity. In the Iron Age Period a noticeable deforestation of both foothills and higher environments takes place as a consequence of the overall increase farming and metallurgical activities. Forest clearances increase even more during High-Medieval times, at the same time that farming activities reinforce. During the Middle Ages a more complex and diversified land-use system, including farming, metallurgy, mining and charcoal production, is recorded. The development of farming activities in the Late Medieval resulted in a more evident forest clearance of the Massif. This area remained unchanged until the 19th century, when the decay of agriculture and shepherding occurs and forest replanting in Mont Lozère is recorded. The history of highland herb communities of Nardus stricta correctly matches the main phases of land-use and underlines the key-role of farming in the genesis and evolution of this cultural landscape
Se han estudiado cinco secuencias sedimentarias en el Mont Lozère con el objetivo de reconstruir la dinámica paisajística y los usos del suelo en la longue durée. La utilización de un análisis multiproxy ha permitido determinar los principales ritmos de antropización y establecer su carácter regional y/o local. La alta resolución espacial, cronológica y analítica hapermitido la integración de resultados con aquellos obtenidos en el marco del PCR-Mont Lozère y proponer los usos de la montaña que han modelado el paisaje cultural desde el Neolítico hasta la actualidad. Se ha evidenciado una larga historia de las interacciones socioambientales en el Mont Lozère, con una primera fase de carácter agropastoral en el Neolítico Antiguo, en ca. 4550-4400 cal BC. El Neolítico Final es una fase de marcado impacto agropastoral en la que se generalizan las quemas para abrir claros en el bosque. En la Edad del Hierro se inicia una marcada deforestación en el piedemonte y los espacios de altitud, coincidiendo con un desarrollo agropastoral y metalúrgico. En el periodo altomedieval se amplifican las deforestaciones coincidiendo con un marcado incremento de las actividades agropastorales. En la Plena Edad Media se evidencia un sistema diversificado que implica metalurgia, agricultura, pastoreo, minería y carboneo. El desarrollo agropastoral de la Baja Edad Media supone una marcada deforestación en el macizo que se extiende hasta mitad del s. XIX, momento en que se inicia el declive del agropastoralismo y empiezan las reforestaciones en el Mont Lozère. La historia de las formaciones herbosas con Nardus stricta de los espacios somitales sigue estas principales fases de antropización y revela el papel clave del agropastoralismo en la génesis y evolución de este paisaje cultural
Michel, Julien. "Transport d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de métaux dans les sols non saturés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL058N/document.
Full textPAHs and heavy metals are major soil pollutants and most of former industrial soils are co-polluted by both types of compounds. The aim of this work was to assess their transport in polluted soils under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. This study was carried out by two approaches. First, heavy metal influence on PAH sorption and vice versa was studied with a “model” system. We showed that when the soil was simultaneously contaminated with fluoranthene and zinc, zinc retention was lower than when it was alone in the soil. As a consequence zinc would be expected to migrate more easily to the water table in co-polluted soils. Lead was more strongly retained in the presence of fluoranthene. But heavy metal influence on fluoranthene sorption was of minor importance. Then, PAH and heavy metal transport in a former coking plant soil was evaluated at the laboratory scale, under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions, by means of column experiments, and at the lysimeter scale under natural atmospheric conditions. The goal of these experiments was to compare PAH and heavy metal migration in a field-like situation with results obtained in the laboratory and to determine the appropriate experimental device for risk assessment studies. We showed that column experiments may overestimate PAH migration at the field scale. However heavy metal leaching was in accordance with what was expected from lysimeter experiments. But such experiments are rather time consuming and quite expensive, and as a consequence not adapted for risk assessment studies. Therefore we designed an original laboratory set up able to represent PAH and heavy metal migration at the field scale
Blachere, Agnès. "Evaluation des impacts hydrogéologiques de l'arrêt d'une exhaure minière (vallées de l'Ondaine et du Lizeron, bassin houiller de la Loire) : modélisation mathématique du milieu." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850302.
Full textCoussy, Samuel. "Stabilisation de rejets miniers pollués à l’arsenic à l’aide de sous-produits cimentaires : étude de l’influence de la cristallochimie sur le risque de mobilisation des polluants." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0077/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to understand the geochemical behaviour of arsenic in cemented paste backfills. This technique consists in transporting the tailings in the mine openings. Two types of backfills are prepared in the laboratory for this study. First, synthetic cemented paste backfills artificially spiked with arsenic are synthesized, using silica in replacement of the tailings. In parallel, other cemented paste backfill specimens are prepared with arsenic-rich tailings. In the two cases, various types of hydraulic binders are tested. Several types of investigations are conducted on the cemented paste backfill specimens. A mineralogical characterization is carried out with the help of specific tools. At the same time, cemented paste backfill samples are submitted to several complementary leaching tests, to assess the mobility/immobilization potential of arsenic in these matrices. Finally, geochemical modeling is implemented, based on the results of the two previous studies, in order to refine the understanding of the nature and stability of the arsenic compounds. The results show that arsenic is better immobilized in Portland cement and slag-based matrices, rather than in fly ash-based matrices. The variable leaching behaviour from a given matrix to another is due to different arsenic trapping mechanisms. Arsenic can precipitate and form several arsenic minerals, mainly calcium arsenates, but also various other secondary compounds, which are different from a matrix to another. Physical entrapment of the tailings grains by the cementitious minerals can also occur, by formation of a coating around the grains, limiting the oxidation and dissolution of arsenic-bearing sulfides (passivation). These mechanisms are involved in the stabilization/solidification of arsenic by cemented paste backfills
Barrois, Pauline. "Textiles de protection fonctionnalisés auto-décontaminants vis-à-vis d'agents chimiques associant des propriétés photocatalytiques et d'adsorption/filtration." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF006/document.
Full textThis project is focused on the elaboration of protective suits against Chemical Warfare Agents. Indeed, the suits currently used mainly act as physical barriers, without any degradation of the toxic molecules, thus increasing cross-contamination risks.The original idea is to functionalise textile fibers with a multifunctional, multicomponent and transparent smart layer, combining active components (TiO2, for photo-oxidation of toxic agents under irradiation at room temperature) to passive components (carbon nanostructures, in order to temporary stock the reaction products or the contaminant in case of lack of irradiation or of high contamination level). The study begins on model surfaces, in order to optimise Layer-by-Layer (LbL) association of TiO2 with polymer, graphene, activated carbon, or nanodiamonds. The photocatalytic efficiency of the layer was evaluated towards the degradation of a gaseous mustard gas simulant. The best functionalisations were then transferred to textile and their photocatalytic efficiency were evaluated towards the degradation of a liquid simulant of Sarin gaz. Some detailed results were obtained in order to understand the impact of the different components and of the thickness of the films on the activity. Textiles reinforcement against abrasion and washing were also studied, as well as their regeneration after photocatalytic tests