Journal articles: 'Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644'

1

Robinson, David. "The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and Its Non-Han Military Auxiliaries." China and Asia 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 177–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract War is as much an exercise in building relations as breaking enemies. Relation building inevitably involves transfer—whether it is movement of people, exchange of goods, formation of social ties, or change of identity. This article focuses on efforts by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to secure skilled fighters from among populations that it viewed as distinct from the Chinese (or Han) majority but still integral parts of the polity. Contemporaries understood that alliances were indispensable for securing diverse sources of military labor, and they invested considerable political, economic, and cultural capital to build and maintain those relationships. The resulting exchanges, which included people, animals, textiles, gowns, silver, and more, were an essential feature of dynastic rule, a defining element of newly incorporated subjects, and an integral dimension of indigenous power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ditmanson, Peter. "Moral authority and rulership in Ming literati thought." European Journal of Political Theory 16, no. 4 (May 1, 2017): 430–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885117706181.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores the crises and debates surrounding the management of imperial family matters, especially succession, under the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) as an approach to understanding the limits of imperial power and the nature of literati discourse on the imperium. Ming officials and members of the literati community became passionately engaged in the debates on imperial family decisions, regarding the moral order of the imperial family as a key feature of their prerogatives over imperial power. This prerogative was based upon claims to Neo-Confucian moral authority. Over the course of the dynasty, these claims grew increasingly widespread and increasingly vociferous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Pochekaev, R. Yu, and I. V. Tutaev. "Some thoughts on historical and legal aspects regarding the fourth volume of the “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” translated into Russian. [Review on:] Svistunova N. P. (transl.), Dmitriev S. V. (ed.). Laws of the Great Ming Dynasty with the Combined Commentary and Enclosed Decrees (Da Ming Liuy Tsi Tze Fu Li). Pt. IV. Moscow: Vostochnaya literature; 2019. 550 p." Orientalistica 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 1202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-4-1202-1214.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is a survey of the Russian translation of “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” in four volumes published since 1997 to 2019. The introduction of this legal monument to the Russian scientific society is of great importance as it substantially expands contemporary idea on Chinese traditional legal system and meets a lack in the history of law ofChinain 14th–17th cc.To survey the legal monument there special legal scientific methods were used. Historical legal approach allowed to trace the creation and acting of this codification in the specific historical circumstances, value its urgency for the epoch of Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Comparative legal method gave an opportunity to compare this legal monument with other codifications of traditional Chinese law since the ancient times to the legislation of Qing, last dynasty of the imperialChina(1644–1911). Formal legal approach provided the analysis of the legal technique of the document, specific features of its structure and content, characteristic of legal terminology, etc.The analysis allowed to appreciate the “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” at its high value as a source on history, state and law of medievalChina. It had similarities and differences with other sources of traditional Chinese law. Besides, it is of great importance for the further development of legislation of imperialChina.The codification is an important document on statehood and law of the Ming China as it contains valuable information on power system and competence of authorities, basic fields of legal relations in the medieval Chinese society. Its structure is traditional (based on the example of codification of Tang dynasty, 618–907), at the same time it has larger volume and regulates new fields of legal relations, takes into account changes in the internal and externaln status ofChinaafter the expelling the Mongolian Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) and foundation of “national” Ming dynasty. Some principles of domestic and foreign policy of Qing dynasty were legally fixed during the epoch of Ming.The analyzed legal monument is of great interest for researchers of the history ofChina, its state and law. In fact, each chapter as well as specific articles and supplement statements could be a subject of investigation. “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” also could be used by lecturers of history of state and law and for students who study this discipline.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Jia, Dan, Yikai Li, and Xiuqi Fang. "Complexity of factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements in northeast China over the past millennium." Quaternary Research 89, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.112.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractRelic archeological settlement is used to indicate the development of agriculture. We extracted 8865 relic archeological settlements from theAtlas of Chinese Cultural Relicsto analyze how the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements was influenced by temperature changes and social factors during the last millennium. During the Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125) and Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234) in the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a large number of settlements indicated the development of agriculture as far north as 47°N. The warm climate of the MWP provided sufficient heat resources to promote the implication of positive policies of the Liao and Jin dynasties to develop agriculture and settlements. By contrast, during the dynasties of Yuan (AD 1279–1368), Ming (AD 1368–1644), and Qing (AD 1644–1911) in the Little Ice Age (LIA), the number of settlements declined drastically, and the northern boundary of the settlement distribution retreated by 3–4 degrees of latitude to modern Liaoning Province. Although the southward retreat of the settlements and related agriculture occurred in the cold climate of the LIA, it could not be completely explained by the drop in temperature. Social factors including nomadic customs, ethnic policies, and postal road systems played more important roles to the northern boundaries of the settlement distributions during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ng, Ashton. "Bibliophilia: the Passion of Ming Dynasty Private Book Collectors." Ming Qing Yanjiu 24, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340051.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), book collecting evolved from an elite pastime into a widespread obsession. ‘Bibliophilia’—the passionate love for books—drove many book collectors to exhaust their fortunes or even trade their concubines for books. As books became indispensable towards gaining respectability in Chinese society, scholars, merchants, and landowners ensured that their residences were thoroughly infused with the prestigious “fragrance of books”. Some literati even regarded book collecting as a man’s most important undertaking in life. Ming private book collectors broke away from tradition and made their private collections available for others to view, exchange, or copy, greatly promoting the circulation of books. Through their incredible attention to the collection, classification, storage, and proofreading of books, Ming bibliophiles contributed enormously to the preservation and transmission of Chinese culture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dardess, John, Frederick W. Mote, and Denis Twitchett. "The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644." Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, no. 1 (January 1990): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603917.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Farmer, Edward L., Frederick W. Mote, and Denis Twitchett. "The Cambridge History of China. Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644." American Historical Review 95, no. 5 (December 1990): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162852.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Li, Jingjing. "Far and Near: A Parallel Study between Lorenzo Valla and Li Zhi." Ming Qing Yanjiu 22, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 13–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340019.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The fifteenth-century Italian humanist Lorenzo Valla (1407–1457) and the Chinese philosopher of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Li Zhi 李贄 (1527–1602) are both famous for their rebellion against the mainstream culture of their respective nations and times. A parallel study of the writers allows us to consider fifteenth-century Italy alongside sixteenth-century China, and vice versa. The similarities and differences provide perspective on both cultures, and on the reciprocal influence between philosophy and social development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Dodgen, Randall. "Hydraulic Religion: ‘Great King’ Cults in the Ming and Qing." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 4 (October 1999): 815–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003492.

Full text

Abstract:

In the middle years of the Ming (1368–1644) dynasty, temples dedicated to the Fourth Son Golden Dragon Great King (jin long si da wang) began to appear on dikes and in administrative centers along the Yellow River and the Grand Canal. The Golden Dragon cult originated as an ancestral cult dedicated to an apotheosized Southern Song (1127–1280) patriot from the Hangzhou area. It later became popular with boatmen and merchants who travelled on the Grand Canal. Beginning in the sixteenth century, hydraulic officials promoted the cult as an adjunct to their administration of the Canal and the Yellow River.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bargueño-Gómez, Eugenio, and Ma Xiao. "Diseño de joyas de oro y plata en la dinastía Ming (1368-1644) = Design of gold and silver jewelry in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)." Ardin. Arte, Diseño e Ingeniería, no. 13 (April 1, 2024): 49–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ardin.2024.13.5214.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Jeong, Eun-joo. "Beijing, the Capital City during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644) through Documentary Paintings." Journal of Ming-Qing Historical Studies 50 (October 31, 2018): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31329/jmhs.2018.10.50.53.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Bello, David. "Milk, Game or Grain for a Manchurian Outpost." Inner Asia 19, no. 2 (October 18, 2017): 240–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340090.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The long record of imperial China’s Inner Asian borderland relations is not simply multi-ethnic, but ‘multi-environmental’. Human dependencies on livestock, wild animals and cereal cultivars were the prerequisite environmental relations for borderland incorporation. This paper examines such dependencies during the Qing Dynasty’s (1644–1912) establishment of the Manchurian garrison of Hulun Buir near the Qing border with Russia. Garrison logistics proved challenging because provisioning involved several indigenous groups—Solon-Ewenki, Bargut and Dagur (Daur)—who did not uniformly subsist on livestock, game or grain, but instead exhibited several, sometimes overlapping, practices not always confined within a single ethnicity. Ensuing deliberations reveal official convictions, some of which can be traced back to the preceding Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), regarding the variable effects of these practices on the formation of Inner Asian military identities. Such issues were distinctive of Qing borderland dynamics that constructed ‘Chinese’ empire not only in more diverse human society, but also in more diverse ecological spheres.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Yung-Ho, Ts'ao. "Taiwan as an Entrepôt in East Asia in the Seventeenth Century." Itinerario 21, no. 3 (November 1997): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300015242.

Full text

Abstract:

Taiwan is strategically situated within East Asia, but little is known of it until the sixteenth century. The Chinese spread far and wide throughout Asia even before the Christian era, but allowed this large and fertile island lying so close to the Mainland to remain in relative obscurity until the middle of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The cause of this isolation is that Taiwan had no large quantities of marketable products to attract traders and that the island still lay outside the network of Asian trade routes of the time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Chen, Tao, and Ze Neng Wei. "Preliminary Study on Memorial Archways in Ancient Huizhou of China." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1179.

Full text

Abstract:

During Ming (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), many memorial archways were built in ancient Huizhou. They were regarded as culture symbols of Chinese ancient architectures. Owing to the natural and man-made disasters, many of them vanished with time. Today, in total 129 memorial archways scatter in the ancient Huizhou district. In this paper, the origin, development and culture connotation of Huizhou memorial archways are discussed with examples of existing ones. At last, several risks to these memorial archways are presented, which can be categorized as natural reasons, including weathering, flood and landslide etc., and man-made reasons such as demolition, influences of adjacent modern constructions. Several risks were illustrated with example of Tangyue Memorial Archway group, which indicates the urgency of conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Elman, Benjamin A. "Political, Social, and Cultural Reproduction via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China." Journal of Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (February 1991): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057472.

Full text

Abstract:

Most previous scholarship about the civil service examination system in imperial China has emphasized the degree of social mobility such examinations permitted in a premodern society. In the same vein, historians have evaluated the examination process in late imperial China from the perspective of the modernization process in modern Europe and the United States. They have thereby successfully exposed the failure of the Confucian system to advance the specialization and training in science that are deemed essential for nation-states to progress beyond their premodern institutions and autocratic political traditions. In this article, I caution against such contemporary, ahistorical standards for political, cultural, and social formation. These a priori judgments are often expressed teleologically when tied to the “modernization narrative” that still pervades our historiography of Ming (1368–1644) and Ch'ing (1644–1911) dynasty China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Taylor, Romeyn, Frederick W. Mote, and Denis Twitchett. "The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 51, no. 1 (June 1991): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2719254.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Will, Pierre-Etienne, Frederick W. Mote, and Denis Twitchett. "The Cambridge History of China. Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I." Pacific Affairs 62, no. 3 (1989): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760630.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Clifford, Timothy. "Visualizing Alternative Literary Canons in Ming Dynasty China (1368–1644): A Preliminary Case Study." Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 375–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23290048-7257041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Delporte, Dominiek. "Precedents and the Dissolution of Marriage Agreements in Ming China (1368–1644). Insights from the “Classified Regulations of the Great Ming”, Book 13." Law and History Review 21, no. 2 (2003): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595093.

Full text

Abstract:

After a period of Mongolian rule during the Yüan Dynasty (1279–1368), the first Ming emperor, T'ai-tsu, tried to build a new empire on a solid footing. From the start, he paid a lot of attention to legislation as a means of guaranteeing stability in the empire. The emperor's concern for stability resulted in an imperial decree stipulating that the Ming Code, established and adapted under his supervision, had to remain unchanged for the remainder of the dynasty. As social and economic evolutions called for modifications in the Ming legislation, a way had to be found to introduce these changes. This article examines how a number of so-called “precedents,” relating to dissolution of marriage and engagement on the initiative of women and their natal families, were proposed and adopted during the mid-Ming period. By looking into the individual proposals, we will try to find the specific problems that threatened a consistent application and enforcement of these precedents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

KOHNO, M., K. YOSHIDA, K. MORITANI, M. NAITO, K. ENAMI, and H. MAEDA. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT CHINESE INK STICKS BY PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 05, no. 02n03 (January 1995): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083595000162.

Full text

Abstract:

Four ancient Chinese ink sticks were analyzed by PIXE. One sample is estimated to belong to the Ming Dynasty period(1368–1644). Three others including a red one belong to the Ching Dynasty period(1646–1912). Trace elements such as Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Sr, Pb were detected from black Chinese ink sticks. From red one, Si, S, Cl, Ca. Cr, Fe, Cu, Sr, Mo, Ba, Hg, Pb were detected. These trace elements show the materials or making processes of those sticks and every specimen has its own characteristics. At the same time, some pieces of Japanese paper and those stained with Chinese ink had been analyzed. These results show that the characteristics of ink upon paper can be determined by PIXE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Dennis, Joseph. "The Role of Donations in Building Local School Book Collections in the Ming Dynasty." Ming Qing Yanjiu 24, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340042.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article analyses patterns of book donations to local school libraries in the Ming (1368–1644), drawing on a data set made with LoGaRT, a Chinese text mining and processing software created by the Max Planck Institute for History of Science. Records of donated books and other records explaining donor motivations make it possible to show what types of people donated, and what books they selected. Donors gave books on a broad range of topics. Big data makes it possible to identify changes over time and space, and enhances our understanding of book circulation. This article builds on Timothy Brook’s work on Ming school libraries, in which he argued that they had a set of core books issued by the central government, but little else. I argue that donated books were also important for many library collections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bell, Susan E., and Kathy Davis. "Historical Fragments’ Mobile Echo." Transfers 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070209.

Full text

Abstract:

Translocation – Transformation is an ambitious contribution to the subject of mobility. Materially, it interlinks seemingly disparate objects into a surprisingly unified exhibition on mobile histories and heritages: twelve bronze zodiac heads, silk and bamboo creatures, worn life vests, pressed Pu-erh tea, thousands of broken antique teapot spouts, and an ancestral wooden temple from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) used by a tea-trading family. Historically and politically, the exhibition engages Chinese stories from the third century BCE, empires in eighteenth-century Austria and China, the Second Opium War in the nineteenth century, the Chinese Cultural Revolution of the mid-twentieth century, and today’s global refugee crisis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Han (韓東育), Dongyu. "The Rise and Fall of the Hua-Yi System in East Asia." Journal of Chinese Humanities 5, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340080.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Hua-Yi 華夷 system that spread in East Asia in the form of tribute relationships during the Ming dynasty [1368-1644] began as a system based on China’s perceived cultural superiority, but slowly evolved into a system centered on nationalism. Accordingly, the kinship networks embedded in the Hua-Yi system were also continually evolving, breaking down, and reforming in a cycle that repeated itself multiple times. Amid this process, ethnocentrism [zi minzu zhongxin zhuyi 自民族中心主義] and “interest centralism” [liyi zhongxin zhuyi 利益中心主義] played key roles in the formation and eventual dissolution of the Hua-Yi system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Somogyi, Aron. "'Soft’ aka Second Intention Offence? – The Concept of ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ in the Fencing Theory of the Jian Jing, a Ming Dynasty Fencing Treatise." Martial Arts Studies, no. 14 (September 29, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18573/mas.165.

Full text

Abstract:

The 16th century Chinese fight book Jian Jing 劍經 (Sword Treatise), written by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) general Yu Dayou 俞大猷, is the oldest available comprehensive work on Chinese fencing theory. This paper argues that the treatise uses the terms gang 剛 (hard) and rou 柔 (soft) as technical terms to label tactics what are known as first and second intention offence in modern sport fencing. The terms hard and soft became widely used from the late 17th century onward by practitioners of the so-called ‘internal schools’. Since then the terms hard and soft have remained part of Chinese martial arts vocabulary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Qian, Lixiang. "Distribution Maps of Chinese Poets in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644): A Geographical Visualization Experiment." Library Trends 69, no. 1 (2020): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lib.2020.0033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ownby, David. "A History for Falun Gong: Popular Religion and the Chinese State Since the Ming Dynasty." Nova Religio 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2003.6.2.223.

Full text

Abstract:

This article seeks to place Falun Gong - and the larger qigong movement from which it emerged - into the long-term context of the history of Chinese popular religion from the midMing (1368-1644) to the present. The argument developed is that Falun Gong and qigong are twentieth-century elaborations of a set of historical popular religious traditions generally labeled by scholars as "White Lotus Sectarianism." This article attempts both to look forward at the Falun Gong from a perspective informed by an understanding of its historical antecedents, and to look backward at the historical traditions on the basis of what we know about Falun Gong and qigong. The ultimate objective is to arrive at a recharacterization of a popular religious phenomenon which has been incompletely understood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Shen, John. "New Thoughts on the Use of Chinese Documents in the Reconstruction of Early Swahili History." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171921.

Full text

Abstract:

For a long time, scholars have known that the ancient Sino-East Africantrade relationship produced valuable accounts of East Africa in the Chinese imperial archives. Particularly, the historical documents compiled during the T'ang, Sung, and Ming dynasties contain several insightful snapshots of East Africa over the span of 800 years. Unfortunately, due to the difficulty of translating ancient Chinese texts, scholars have not been able to utilize these documents fully. In other cases, scholars have misused the translations to derive conclusions that may not be supported by the original text. In this essay I propose to re-examine the original Chinese sources and the way these sources have been used by subsequent scholars. Furthermore, I shall explore the real or potential contribution of these texts to our understanding of East African coastal history.The primary source of Chinese knowledge about East Africa during the T'ang dynasty (618-907) comes from Ching–hsing Chi (“Record of Travels”) and Yu–yang Tsa–tsu (“Assorted Dishes from Yu–yang”). During the Sung dynasty (960-1279), most of the information is recorded in Chu-fan-chih (“Gazetteer of Foreigners”) and Ling–wai Tai–ta (“Information from Beyond the Mountains”). Finally, the record of the Ming (1368-1644) naval expedition into the western Indian Ocean is preserved in Wu–pei–chih (“Notes on Military Preparedness”), Hsing–ch'a Sheng–lan (“Triumphant Vision of the Starry Raft”), and Ming Shih (“History of the Ming Dynasty”).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Bussotti, Michela, and Han Qi. "Typography for a Modern World? The Ways of Chinese Movable Types." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 40, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 9–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04001003.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a brief history and poses questions about traditional Chinese movable type printing. This is a technology that developed in the pre-modern period and never underwent in the mechanization in the ways that Western movable type printing did. Nevertheless, even today, Chinese traditional movable types continue to be used in some places in China. The authors not only describe the chronology of but also analyse significant cultural, political, and social factors affecting the development traditional Chinese typography. The first part of this article discusses the movable type made of earthenware and of wood, which are described in various sources written by scholar-officials. In the case of movable type for the Tangut script, however, the main evidence come from chiefly religious imprints which provide information about material evidence as well as a few about printers, typesetters, etc. The second section describes the long hiatus from the Yuan until the second half of the fifteenth century in the utilization of metallic typography in the private circles in Wuxi in Jiangnan, whose publications still survive, and how during the last dynasty, the movable type production reflects some trends in book publishing in general, with the important engagement of some of the Manchu emperors. In the last section of the paper, the authors explain why although wooden types existed in the Kingdom of Xixia (1032-1227) and in the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368), it was only in the Ming (1368-1644) to Qing (1644-1911) periods that their use became more widespread in China. Wooden movable type played a key role in the printing of genealogies in various areas (e.g. Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, and Fujian). That all also indicates that wood is the “material medium” of traditional Chinese printing, never mind if employed in blocks or types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Basham, Sarah. "The Reader’s Body in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Statecraft Texts." Nuncius 35, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 561–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03503006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Seventeenth-century Chinese compendia depicting martial arts and ritual dance belonged to the disciplines of “statecraft” and “concrete studies” popular among literati supporting the Ming-dynasty (1368–1644) government. This article explores moving bodies in two such texts held by the East Asian Library of Princeton University Library, Mao Yuanyi’s 茅元儀 (1594–1640) Treatise on Military Preparedness (Wu bei zhi 武備志, 1621) and Zhu Zaiyu’s 朱載堉 (1536–1611) Complete Work on Music (Yuelü quanshu 樂律全書, between 1596–1620). Drawing on historians of reading practices, this article argues that these books encode martial arts and dance as techniques of Ming statecraft. Explanatory text historicizes images of human bodies whose movement is evoked as pages are turned. This act of ordering depends on the technology of the foliated codex, which also allows the disruption of this order in later editions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Bang, Byungsun. "A Study on the Kraak Porcelain for Portugal and Spain Market during Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)." Art History Journal 54 (June 30, 2020): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24828/ahj.54.217.241.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Jin, Hui-Han. "The Emperors' New Gifts: Bestowing Sacrificial Necessities and Burial Essentials in Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) China." Ming Studies 2019, no. 79 (January 2, 2019): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1551761.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Liou, Shyhnan, Letty Yan-Yee Kwan, and Chi-Yue Chiu. "Historical and Cultural Obstacles to Frame-Breaking Innovations in China." Management and Organization Review 12, no. 01 (March 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.3.

Full text

Abstract:

China, which was once a world champion in invention, has failed to maintain its global leadership in innovation after the middle of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Today, frame-breaking innovations are more likely to originate from European and North American countries than from China. In the perspective article (Augier, Guo, & Rowen, 2016), the authors attribute this phenomenon, which is often referred to as the Needham Puzzle, to three reasons: (1) the Chinese did not develop a scientific method like that in the West; (2) lack of educational diversity and structural inertia in China; and (3) lack of openness to the outside world. The authors also attribute the US's leadership in innovation to its culture of encouraging experimentation, tolerating failure and accepting deviance, and to its institutional support for decentralization of and competition in R&D and basic research. This commentary aims to enrich this insightful analysis. We focus on (1) the reasons for the demise of Chinese leadership in science and technology since the middle of the Ming dynasty, and (2) the historical and cultural obstacles to the development of frame-breaking innovations in modern China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Yang, Qiong. "Interactivity and Influence: A Research on the Relationship between Epitaph (muzhi 墓志) and Mourning Poetry for Deceased Wives in Ancient China." Literature 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2023): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature3040027.

Full text

Abstract:

Epitaph and poetry are two different literary genres in ancient China. However, when they collectively address the theme of “mourning the deceased”, they demonstrate an evident phenomenon of permeation and interaction. Pan Yue, as the pioneer of mourning poetry, his personal expressions as well as the scenes and objects in his mourning poems have become fixed imageries of mourning, which have been applied to the epitaphs written by later literati for their deceased wives, enhancing the mourning attributes of these inscriptions. Some renowned poets such as Wei Yingwu 韦应物 (737–791) from the Tang 唐Dynasty (618–907), and Li Mengyang李梦阳 (1473–1530), from the Ming明Dynasty (1368–1644) would personally write tomb inscriptions while creating mourning poems for their deceased wives. Reading these two kinds of texts from the same author side by side not only deepens our understanding of both types of text, but also helps to examine the intertextual interactions between these two literary forms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Huang, Chenxi, and Siyu Chen. "The Northern Stronghold Sacrifice and the Political Legitimacy of Ethnic Minority Regimes in the Late Imperial China." Religions 13, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040368.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional Chinese state sacrificial ritual represented a symbolic system of integrating religious belief, divine authority, and political legitimacy. The Northern Stronghold (Beizhen 北鎮, i.e., Mount Yiwulü 醫巫閭山) was equal in status to the other four strongholds, which, moreover, served as a strategic military fortress and represented the earth virtue in the early state sacrifice system. In the late imperial era of China, and during the Yuan (1279–1368) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties in particular, the Northern Stronghold swiftly achieved prominence and eventually became an instrument used by minority ethnic groups, namely the Mongolians and Manchus, when elaborating upon the legitimacy of their political regimes. During the Yuan dynasty, the mountain spirits of the five strongholds (Wuzhen 五鎮) were formally invested as kings and, as a result, were accorded equivalent sacrifices in comparison to those given to the five sacred peaks (Wuyue 五嶽). Given that the Northern Stronghold was located near the northeast of Beijing, the Yuan government considered it the foundation of the state. Thereafter, the Northern Stronghold was regarded as the most important of the five stronghold mountains. In the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the Northern Stronghold Temple (Beizhenmiao 北鎮廟) was reconstructed as both a military fortress and religious site, while its representation as a significant site for a foreign conquest dynasty diminished and its significance as a bastion of anti-insurgent suppression emerged. By the Qing dynasty, the Northern Stronghold was regarded as an integral component of the geographic origin of the Manchu people and thereby assumed once again a position of substantial political significance. Several Qing emperors visited the Northern Stronghold and left poems and prose written in graceful Chinese to present their high respect and their mastery of Chinese culture. The history of the Northern Stronghold demonstrates how the ethnic minority regimes successfully utilized the traditional Chinese state sacrificial ritual to serve their political purpose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hanson, Marta E. "Northern Purgatives, Southern Restoratives: Ming Medical Regionalism." Asian Medicine 2, no. 2 (July 16, 2006): 115–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342106780684657.

Full text

Abstract:

Physicians during the Ming dynasty (1368—1644) understood that the Chinese empire was geographically diverse. They observed that their patients were corporeally and physiologically heterogeneous. They interpreted this ecological and human diversity within the reunited Ming Empire according to both an ancient northwest-southeast axis and a new emphasis on north versus south. The geographic distinctions—northern and southern (nanbei 南北) as well as northwestern (xibei 西北) and southeastern (dongnan 東南)—similarly helped explain doctrinal and therapeutic divergences within the literate sector of Chinese medicine. They thought about ecological, climatic, and human variation within the framework of a uniquely Chinese northwest-southeast polarity with roots in Chinese mythology and the Inner Canon ef the Yellow Emperor. They also thought in terms of a north-em and southern split in medicine, which the Yuan scholar Dai Liang 戴良 (1317—1383) explicitly mentioned in his writings. The Ming physicians who discussed medical regionalism mostly asserted, however, the opposite; namely their own impartiality as medical authorities for all of China. Nevertheless, their essays on regionalism reveal considerable tensions, fissures, and conflicts in the literate sector of Ming medicine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lucas, Patrick. "Local narrative and outsider imagination in a Chinese landscape." Focaal 2012, no. 64 (December 1, 2012): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.640107.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, the culturally distinctive Tunpu, a people group in southwestern China, have been reimagined by outsiders, including media, tourist companies, scholars, and especially Han Chinese from other regions in a search for perceived lost roots of Chineseness. Building upon a Tunpu narrative of migration to the region during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) period, these outsiders imagine Tunpu sociocultural alienness to be representative of ancient unchanged Ming-period character. Thus romanticized, the Tunpu become an unspoiled reservoir where an authentic national Chinese essence can be rediscovered. Through a complex process of embodied engagement with the Tunpu landscape and its objects, however, it is a class of non-Tunpu settlement that becomes celebrated by these outside actors as ideal representation of Tunpu settlement and architecture. This total process fundamentally transforms Tunpu time and place. Yet, it also interacts intricately with local knowledge, and leads to complex local responses and reappropriations of new historical elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yang, Bing, Chengguang Lai, Xiaohong Chen, Vijay P. Singh, and Jiawen Wang. "Multi–Proxy Reconstruction of Drought Variability in China during the Past Two Millennia." Water 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060858.

Full text

Abstract:

Drought imposes serious challenges to ecosystems and societies and has plagued mankind throughout the ages. To understand the long-term trend of drought in China, a series of annual self-calibrating Palmer drought severity indexes (scPDSI), which is a semi-physical drought index based on the land surface water balance, were reconstructed during AD 56~2000. Multi-proxy records of tree-ring width and stalagmite oxygen isotope δ18O were used for this reconstruction, along with random forest regression. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the reconstruction results were analyzed, and comparisons were made with previous studies. Results showed that (1) China witnessed a drought-based state during the past 2000 years (mean value of scPDSI was −0.3151), with an average annual drought area of 85,000 km2; 4 wetting periods, i.e., the Han Dynasty (AD 56~220), the Tang Dynasty (AD 618~907), the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368~1644), and the Qing Dynasty (AD 1644~1912); and 2 drying periods, i.e., the Era of Disunity (AD 221~580) and the Song Dynasty (AD 960~1279). (2) Three different alternating fluctuation dry-wet modes (i.e., interannual, multidecadal, and centennial scales) in China were all significantly (p-value < 0.001) correlated with the amplitude and frequency of temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. (3) According to the spatial models disassembled from the rotated empirical orthogonal function, China was divided into nine dry-wet regions: northwestern China, Xinjiang, southwestern China, southeastern China, the Loess plateau, central China, southwestern Tibet, eastern China, and northeastern China. (4) The random forest (RF) was found to be accurate and stable for the reconstruction of drought variability in China compared with linear regression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Cui, Jianxin, Hong Chang, Kaiyue Cheng, and George S. Burr. "Climate Change, Desertification, and Societal Responses along the Mu Us Desert Margin during the Ming Dynasty." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0015.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Historical records for the Mu Us Desert margin during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and corresponding high-resolution climate proxy records have prompted studies on societal responses to climatic changes in this region. The Mu Us Desert margin is highly sensitive to changes in desertification and biological productivity controlled in part by Asian monsoon variations. Here the existing historical temperature and precipitation records are examined to understand spatiotemporal climate variations and to identify potential mechanisms that have driven desertification in the region over the past 500 years. The focus here is on three severe desertification events that occurred in 1529–46, the 1570s, and 1601–50. The relationships among temperature, precipitation, and desertification indicate that a cold/drought-prone climate drives the desertification process. During the Ming dynasty, this region was one of nine important military districts, where the frontier wall (the Great Wall) and other fortifications were constructed. To maintain the defense system, military officers made a valiant effort to decrease the influence of desertification. However, the human-waged war against nature was largely futile, and local rebellions in the stricken region were spawned by the inability of the government to cope with the severe environmental stresses associated with rapid desertification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Cheng, Lin, Meitian Li, Junling Wang, and Rongwu Li. "The study of ancient porcelain of Hutian kiln site from Five dynasty (902–979) to Ming dynasty (1368–1644) by INAA." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 304, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-3926-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Chang, Che-chia. "The Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine: Its Institutions and the Physicians Shaped by Them." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04101003.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is intended to explain the changes in the activities of the Imperial Academy of Medicine during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). By tracing its precedents and comparing their functions, I will explain its role during the Qing dynasty. Furthermore, the seemingly hidebound institutional codes in fact reveal interesting information about the dynamics of the Academy. Through examining the impacts of the regulations on personnel and their careers, we are able to explain the very different requirements of the Qing rulers for their medical service. Up until the Ming period (1368-1644) there was an institutional boundary between medical services for the palace and those for the state, even though they shared the same personnel. The Qing was the first dynasty in which even this unclear line disappeared. In this sense, the Qing Academy did not simply copy the tradition of its predecessors. Instead, the services for the emperor’s individual needs became more and more central to its mission. Thus, the common people’s rather critical perceptions of the bureau were largely true. In spite of its increased emphasis on serving the imperial household, the Qing Academy retained its connections with the government. As an alien regime, the Manchu court’s concern for the security of its rulers was much higher than during the previous dynasty. To meet the needs of the new regime, the device of the Qing Academy emphasized fostering elites rather than selecting them. Now the Academy not only provided medical education to the junior members as in earlier periods, but also shaped them in behavior. This affected both the organization of the Imperial Medical Academy, and the strategies of the physicians employed in it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Shi, Weimin. "A Curious Case of Cultural Encounter: The Appropriation of Kant’s Philosophy through Contemporary Neo-Confucianism." Culture and Dialogue 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683949-12340122.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this paper, Mou Zongsan’s (牟宗三, 1909–1995 CE) Kantian interpretation of Confucianism will be surveyed with a focus on Mou’s ideas of moral metaphysics and autonomy. After a brief account of the development of Confucianism up to the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE) and Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE) (§1) and some initial attempts to articulate Confucian ideas in terms of Western philosophy (§2), Mou’s Kantian interpretation of Confucianism will be presented in §3 and criticized in §4. It is argued that Mou uses the Kantian dichotomy of autonomy and heteronomy to describe the traditional rivalry between two primary schools of Neo-Confucianism. While Mou neglects Kant’s claim that the autonomy of the will gives the principle by means of which it is to determine the content of the moral law, he appeals to Kant’s idea that human beings as free agents are members of the intelligible world to propose a Confucian moral metaphysics. In §5, Mou’s Confucianism’s metaphysical and religious characteristics are further criticized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Aiqing. "'Hard translation' in Stories to Enlighten the World." LingTera 10, no. 2 (November 19, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/lt.v10i2.43850.

Full text

Abstract:

An illustrious figure of Ming-Qing fiction, Feng Menglong (1574-1646), compiled and edited a thought-provoking trilogy of short story anthologies towards the demise of the Ming (1368-1644) dynasty, which contributes to the thriving development of vernacular fiction. The first fascicle of the trilogy is an anthology entitled Stories Old and New (and subsequently Stories to Enlighten the World) that was published in 1620 and translated by Cyril Birch in 1958. In this research, I explore Birch’s rendering that has not attained enough academic attention. I propound that the translation abounds with literal translations and transliterations, which is consistent with the approach of ‘hard translation’ advocated by a renowned writer and translator Lu Xun, aka Zhou Shuren (1881-1936). The ‘hard translation’ strategies can be embodied by Birch’s translation of expressions pertaining to historical personages, religious and literary allusions, as well as sayings and idioms. Furthermore, Birch enriches literal translation and transliteration with illuminating notes and adopts the strategy of adaptation, so as to strike a balance between faithfulness and fluency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Burton-Rose, Daniel. "The Literati-Official Victimization Narrative." Journal of Religion and Violence 6, no. 1 (2018): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv201851452.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the Confucian cycle of apotheosis in which deceased sages and worthies served as a model for the living who in turn aspired to become paragons for future generations, thereby achieving a form of immortality. It explores the way in which victimhood was strategically employed to perpetuate power relations beneficial to local landowners through a case study of support over a hundred and fifty year period by a major familial lineage in the Yangzi delta region for one of the most prominent victims of factional violence in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644): Donglin current member Zhou Shunchang (1584–1626). Influential patriarchs in the Peng familial lineage of Suzhou cultivated indignation in local society about the injustices suffered by righteous literati-officials such as Zhou Shunchang. The driving motivation of the Pengs’ memorialization of Zhou was to decry physical harm of literati-officials by state agents and to perpetuate the Donglin current program of governance centered on the counsel of literati-officials. In continuing Zhou’s memory through textual and ritual interventions, the Pengs put forward a vision of local autonomy while simultaneously aligning their own interests with those of the Manchu Qing (1644-1911) rulers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

LI, YONG-SŎNG. "The Uighur Word Materials in a Manuscript of Huá-yí-yì-yǔ (華夷譯語) in the Library of Seoul National University (V) — 天文門 tianwenmen ‘the category of astronomy’ —." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 257–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000433.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Huá-yí-yì-yǔ is a general name for the various wordbooks between the Chinese language and its neighbouring languages compiled from the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It has broadly 4 different classes. In the wordbooks of the third class the words of each foreign language were transliterated only in Chinese characters and the letters of the language in question were not used. To this third class belongs the manuscript in the collection of the library of Seoul National University. Its seventh volume is for the Uighur language. It contains 19 categories. In this paper the first category of astronomy with 85 entries is treated.There are many scribal errors in these materials. Apart from the shortcomings of the Chinese characters, this may be the main reason why the Uighur word materials in the wordbooks of this class are not highly regarded.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Li, David C. S., Reijiro Aoyama, and Tak-sum Wong. "Silent conversation through Brushtalk (筆談): The use of Sinitic as a scripta franca in early modern East Asia." Global Chinese 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2019-0027.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractLiterary Sinitic (written Chinese, hereafter Sinitic) functioned as a ‘scripta franca’ in sinographic East Asia, which broadly comprises China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea, and Vietnam today. It was widely used by East Asian literati to facilitate cross-border communication interactively face-to-face. This lingua-cultural practice is generally known as bĭtán 筆談, literally ‘brushtalk’ or ‘brush conversation’. While brushtalk as a substitute for speech to conduct ‘silent conversation’ has been reported since the Sui dynasty (581–619), in this paper brushtalk data will be drawn from sources involving transcultural, cross-border communication from late Ming dynasty (1368–1644) until the 1900s. Brushtalk occurred in four recurrent contexts, comprising both interactional and transactional communication: official brushtalk (公務筆談), poetic brushtalk (詩文筆談), travelogue brushtalk (遊歷筆談), and drifting brushtalk (漂流筆談). For want of space, we will exemplify brushtalk using selected examples drawn from the first three contexts. The use of Sinitic as a ‘scripta franca’ seems to be sui generis and under-researched linguistically and sociolinguistically. More research is needed to unveil the script-specific characteristics of Sinitic in cross-border communication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zhenman, Zheng. "Documents contractuels des forêts de montagne et histoire sociale des régions montagneuses du Fujian. Le district de Yongtai 永泰 (Fuzhou)." Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 31, no. 1 (2022): 251–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/asie.2022.1596.

Full text

Abstract:

Fujian Province is a largely mountainous region with forest cover of 66 percent, the highest in China. Mountain forestry has been intensively exploited since the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and up to the present time, mainly due to the economic growth of coastal trade, which has also led to significant population displacement and socioeconomic changes. Historical sources on mountain forestry are limited, and most of them concern phenomena marginal to it, such as, for example, mountain refugees or social unrest. These materials hardly allow a satisfactory account of the different historical processes inherent to the exploitation of mountain areas. In recent years, however, a huge number of forestry contracts have been discovered in various places in Fujian, opening up a new field of study: the social history of mountainous regions. This paper, by drawing on existing contractual documents of mountain forests in Fujian, thus intends to provoke some thought and discussion in this area of research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zhang, Donia. "Pingyao Historic City and Qiao Family Courtyard." Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism 4, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/jcau.v4i1.47.

Full text

Abstract:

Historic cities all over the world are facing challenges on how to best preserve their architectural heritage. We need good examples to follow. This study explores the historic city of Pingyao in China’s Shanxi Province, and the Qiao Family Courtyard in Qiaojiapu Village of Qi County nearby. Pingyao is a representative of northern Chinese city planning and vernacular architecture during the Ming (1368‒1644) and Qing (1644‒1911) dynasties, and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Qiao Family Courtyard is famous not only because of its majestic architectural compound and exquisite craftsmanship, but also it embodies the unique style of Chinese residential architecture in the Qing dynasty. Zhang Yimou’s 1991 film “Raise the Red Lantern” was shot here. Hu Mei’s 2006 TV series “Qiao’s Grand Courtyard” based on the business history of the family have made the compound internationally acclaimed. From an architectural and urbanist perspective, this paper examines what has made Pingyao Historic City and the Qiao Family Courtyard resilient and responsible. The findings reveal, among other things that, Confucian ethics of honesty, trustworthiness, and righteousness were the backbone accounting for the robust success of Shanxi merchants who held deep-rooted cultural values, and who conducted their businesses accordingly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Gong, Yuxuan, Chengquan Qiao, Xiang Yu, Jun Wang, and Decai Gong. "Study on the ancient putty from the site of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) Baochuanchang Shipyard, Nanjing, China." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 23 (February 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.10.018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Harris, Lane J. "The “Arteries and Veins” of the Imperial Body: The Nature of the Relay and Post Station Systems in the Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644." Journal of Early Modern History 19, no. 4 (June 18, 2015): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342440.

Full text

Abstract:

The “arteries and veins” of the Ming Empire were the relay (驛 yi) and post station (急遞鋪 jidipu) systems, two networks that worked together to circulate people, information, and goods throughout the realm. The relay system was an infrastructure of stations, horses, carts, and other facilities provided at government expense for the transportation, accommodation, and provision of a select group of imperial officials, tribute-bearing foreign envoys, and messengers from other government offices on their journeys to the capital. The express post station network with its foot posts and mail handling procedures was the communications system of the Ming Empire. Together, the two systems helped the state consolidate control over the empire, allowed the emperor to manage his officials, supported the conduct of diplomatic relations, and facilitated the movement of people, goods, and information across the empire.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ye, Yuan. "Vernacular Story in and as Archives: (Re)Making Xingshi yan Stories in Early Modern China and Korea." Journal of Korean Studies 24, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-7686640.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article examines literary texts both as records transmitted through archives and as cultural sites recording preferred knowledge. It focuses on the late Ming-era (1368–1644) Chinese vernacular short story anthology Xingshi yan 型世言 (Exemplary Words for the World, ca. 1632)—the only extant copy preserved in the Kyujanggak Archives in South Korea—and its Chosŏn (1392–1910) rendition in the Korean alphabet, Hyŏngse ŏn, housed in the Jangseogak Archives. Xingshi yan, taking seriously the Chinese vernacular literature’s claim of being “unofficial history,” provides its own historical narrative of the Ming at the end of the dynasty when it was threatened by the Manchus. Recording the notable Ming figures and affairs, this anthology creates a literary archive furnishing materials for Ming history. In addition, this article points out the significance of the Kyujanggak Xingshi yan in solving the ambiguous textual origins of several Chinese vernacular story anthologies that were previously associated with the famous Second Amazement. Eventually, it traces the trajectory of how Xingshi yan was preserved in the Korean royal archives and appreciated by royal family members, and how its stories were rendered into the Korean alphabet for reasons of cultural and literary preference as well as to address the intended audience of Chosŏn. The making and remaking of Xingshi yan stories in both China and Korea, this article argues, illuminate the varied knowledge preferences and selections in the forming of the two cultures’ respective literary archives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles