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Journal articles on the topic 'Ming qi'
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Chang, WonTae. "Concerning the Distinction between Xing and Ming in Mengzi 7B24 Focusing on Zhu Xi's Two Interpretations." JOURNAL OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY IN KOREA 59 (July 31, 2023): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19065/japk.2023.7.59.5.
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In the latter part of Mencius 7B24, Mencius makes the distinction between ‘xing (性)’ and ‘ming (命)’. Zhao Qi interprets this ‘ming’ as ‘minglu (命祿)’, which means luck, accidental encounters, or times that one faces. On the other hand, Zhu Xi refers it to as the quality that one is endowed with. He then provides a new interpretation of ‘ming’ in the latter section. Zhu Xi’s understanding appears to be similar to Wang Chong’s theory of endowment of qi, and therefore has been criticized for not corresponding with the original text of Mencius. However, Zhu’s interpretation actually shares some important characteristics with the existing interpretation. As Zhao Qi does, Zhu also accepts accidental elements possible in life without getting into fatalism, and hence admits the existence of moral responsibility. Eventually, Zhu Xi takes a step forward to deal with the scope of luck and misfortune in life in a more comprehensive way, and at the same time discusses the problem of moral responsibility. In this way, Zhu Xi’s interpretation should be seen as a further development of Mencius’s philosophy.
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Ng, Pak Shun. "Qi Jiguang’s “Oral Instructions from the Podium”." Journal of Chinese Military History 3, no. 2 (November 26, 2014): 140–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341269.
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Until the later half of the twentieth century, Western studies of Chinese military thought have used as their source texts mainly the translations of the “Seven Military Classics,” six of which were written before the Tang dynasty. Military scholarship in the later periods was deemed to lack the strategic weight of these venerated classics. However, the Ming dynasty witnessed several key developments in military affairs that have been documented in Chinese military texts. According to surveys of important Chinese military treatises written before the twentieth century, several Ming military texts are highlighted for their significant value to Chinese military history and tactics. Unfortunately, only a few such texts have full or partial translations in European languages to facilitate in-depth study by Western scholars. This paper provides an English translation of a key Ming military text that had hitherto been unavailable in the public domain to facilitate a more holistic understanding of China’s military past. The source text is Qi Jiguang’s Record of Military Training (Lianbing shiji練兵實紀) Part Two, Chapter 4, entitled “Oral Instructions from the Podium” (Dengtan koushou登壇口授). This chapter has been chosen for translation based on its significant documentary value and conceptual contributions in describing four themes of Qi’s thoughts on military strategy: deliberate calculations, active defence, concentration of force, and combined warfare.
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Lin, Yueh-hui. "Lê Quý Đôn’s Theory of Li-qi." Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.2.51-77.
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This paper discusses the work of Lê Quý Đôn (1726–1784), a prominent scholar of Later Lê Vietnam who was deeply influenced by Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism. Lê’s masterwork, the Classified Discourses from Yun Terrace (Yuntai leiyu 芸臺類語, Vân đài loại ngữ), exemplifies this intellectual heritage. This essay considers the text’s first volume in light of Zhu Xi’s theory of li-qi. While drawing deeply from Zhu Xi’s theory of an inseparable li-qi, Lê’s concept of li-qi ultimately originated in Han dynasty qi-transformative cosmology. Also influenced by a Vietnamese tradition of Three Teachings syncretism, Lê integrated Neo-Confucianism with Han cosmology to create a unique li-qi theory.
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Hang, Xing. "The Maritime Defense of China: Ming General Qi Jiguang and Beyond." Ming Studies 2019, no. 79 (January 2, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1571765.
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Ong, Wei-Yi, Ya-Jun Wu, Tahira Farooqui, and Akhlaq A. Farooqui. "Qi Fu Yin–a Ming Dynasty Prescription for the Treatment of Dementia." Molecular Neurobiology 55, no. 9 (February 7, 2018): 7389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-0908-0.
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Zhu, Jiang. "Review of Sun, Weiguo’s Da Ming qi hao yu xiao Zhonghua yi shi." Jiuzhou Xuelin 2011, no. 28 (April 1, 2012): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5404/jiuzhou.2011.28.07.
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Acevedo, William, and Mei Cheung. "El General Qi Jiguang, visionario y defensor de una nación." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 3, no. 3 (July 19, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v3i3.374.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1550 d.C. China’s splendor during the Ming Dynasty was threatened by hostiles forces in the northern border as well as its eastern coasts. The appearance of Qi Jiguang, one of the most famous Chinese generals would change the way China trained its military leading to the creation of its first professional army. The following article will discuss the contributions of General Qi Jiguang and his legacy, which is carried on by one of the most powerful armies in the world, The People’s Liberation Army.</span></span></span></p>
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Siegmund, Felix. "Qi Jiguang’s Wujing Qishu Zhaiti. A Few Notes On A Synopsis Of The Military Classics." MING QING YANJIU 19, no. 01 (February 14, 2015): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-01901002.
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The famous Ming general Qi Jiguang (1522-1582) is best known for his military treatises, namely the Jixiao xinshu and the Lianbing shiji, while his other writings are much neglected by researchers. This article is an annotated translation and discussion of Qi Jiguang’s Wujing qishu zhaiti (16th cent.) The Wujing qishu zhaiti is a collage of excerpts from the Seven Military Classics (Wujing qishu), which are then re-arranged to form a new text. This new text, which is constructed like a wordgame, can be read as a commentary on the meaning of the military classics and their relative importance to the canon of military texts. In this re-arranged text, new meaning is constructed and new interpretations are suggested. While the history of the reception of the Wujing qishu zhaiti is unknown due to a lack of sources, the text seems to bear traces of discursive confrontations of the time and of a struggle for legitimacy. Qi Jiguang even seems to challenge the established order of the elites by re-enforcing the position of military studies as a serious subject, comparable to civil (Confucian) studies.
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Papelitzky, Elke. "Weapons Used Aboard Ming Chinese Ships and Some Thoughts on the Armament of Zheng He’s Fleet." China and Asia 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-00102004.
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Abstract Zheng He’s fleet fought several battles during his seven voyages to the Indian Ocean. The ships thus had to be equipped with powerful weapons. Unfortunately, the sources directly related to Zheng He’s voyages do not mention in detail the armament of Zheng He’s ships. More general information on the armament of Ming ships is, however, abundant. By examining military writings such as Qi Jiguang’s Jixiao xinshu and Mao Yuanyi’s Wubeizhi, as well as archaeological data in the form of weapons excavated from shipwrecks, this article aims to trace the development of the equipment on ships during the Ming dynasty. The article shows that ships carried a patchwork of gunpowder and non-gunpowder weapons composed of old technology alongside new technology. The use of non-gunpowder weapons also developed during the mid-Ming, with weapons specialized for naval warfare appearing and javelins replacing bows as the primary non-gunpowder weapons for long-range attacks. The article also reviews the few sources available about the weapons used on Zheng He’s fleet.
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Pregadio, Fabrizio. "Superior Virtue, Inferior Virtue: A Doctrinal Theme in the Works of the Daoist Master Liu Yiming (1734–1821)." T’oung Pao 100, no. 4-5 (April 10, 2014): 460–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10045p05.
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The Daoist master Liu Yiming (1734–1821) frequently mentions “superior virtue” and “inferior virtue” (shangde and xiade) in his works. In his view, these terms define two aspects, or degrees, of Neidan (Internal Alchemy), respectively focused on “non-doing” (wuwei) and “doing” (youwei), and concerned with the cultivation of Nature (xing) and Existence (ming). This article presents Liu Yiming’s main writings on this subject and their background. Originally formulated in the Daode jing and first applied to alchemy in the Cantong qi, the distinction between the two types of “virtue” also reflects the history of the Neidan tradition and in particular the development of practices of self-cultivation that emphasize the “conjoined cultivation of Nature and Existence” (xingming shuangxiu). Le maître taoïste Liu Yiming (1734–1821) mentionne fréquemment la “vertu supérieure” et la “vertu inférieure” (shangde et xiade) dans ses œuvres. Pour lui, ces termes définissent deux aspects, ou degrés, du Neidan (alchimie interne), centrés respectivement sur le “non-faire” et le “faire” et s’attachant à cultiver la nature (xing) et l’existence (ming). Cet article présente les principaux écrits de Liu Yiming sur le sujet ainsi que leur arrière-plan. Formulée à l’origine dans le Daode jing et appliquée pour la première fois à l’alchimie dans le Cantong qi, la distinction entre ces deux types de “vertu” reflètent également l’histoire de la tradition Neidan et plus particulièrement le développement de pratiques de culture du soi mettant l’accent sur la “culture conjointe de la nature et de l’existence” (xingming shuangxiu).
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LIU, Hongjun. "Scholarly Study of Hong (Rainbow) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties." Cultura 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul012022.0007.
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Abstract: This paper focuses on how Chinese intellectuals discussed and researched rainbows in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Many of them considered the rainbow as a phenomenon that occurred under certain conditions of sunshine and raindrops, which could be described with terms related to qi () of yin/yang (/). Some of them had the knowledge of duplicating rainbows by “spraying water opposite to the sun”. There were also popular conceptions that rainbow was a sign of salaciousness and rainbow could siphon water, both of which had a long history in Chinese context. Scholars also discussed other phenomena similar to rainbow such as solar halo, lunar halo, parhelion and parselene. Those discussions were not held in wider society, yet they were the sign of how Chinese intellectuals rationalized their research into natural philosophy.
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Zhang, Kexin. "Analysis of Zhu Xi's Inheritance and Development of Confucianism and Its Transformation and Innovation." Communications in Humanities Research 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/4/20220877.
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Confucius founded Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn periods, and Mencius and Xunzi emerged during the Warring States period to develop Confucianism from their perspectives. However, Confucianism in this period had not yet achieved a stable social status, and even tended to decline after the war, and was once strongly threatened by the rising Buddhism and Taoism. It was not until the emergence of Zhu Xi, a Southern Song scholar who made a new interpretation of Confucianism and Mencius, that he built a new Confucianism with the core of science. It was then that Confucianism established its unshakeable dominance in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties for nearly seven hundred years. In this paper, we study the inheritance and innovation of Song Confucianism to pre-Qin Confucianism, and we study Zhu Xi's philosophy, which not only developed the ideas of his predecessors but also transformed Confucian values into his true spiritual pillars. We find that Zhu Xi truly achieved the greatness of science and created the new Confucianism, namely Zhu Xi's philosophy. In Zhu Xi's view, "the preservation of heavenly reason, and the extinction of human desire" is the essence of Confucianism. Zhu Xi also established the mind-only theory of "reason and qi dualism". He believes that "reason" is the basis and root of the material world, which is also the law of natural operation, while "qi" is the element of all things He believes that "reason" is the basis and root of the material world, and is also the law of natural operation; while "qi" is the element of all things, "reason" and "qi" are not separate, but "reason first, qi second. In addition to this, Zhu Xi also attaches great importance to education. Zhu Xi believes that if there is no education, even if personal achievements can exceed those of their predecessors, the impact is too small to have much value. He pointed out that if Confucianism could be invested in education, then the spirit of Confucianism could be extended to the whole country, and the achievement of doing so would be incomparable. We see that Confucius' transmission of the Six Classics has become a cultural paradigm. And Zhu Zi's teaching of the Four Books has also achieved uninterrupted success. The teachings of Confucius and Zhu Zi were successively reflected, the former in the pre-Qin Dynasty, the latter in the Southern Song Dynasty, even though a hundred years apart, but Zhu Xi has well taken up the spirit of Confucianism and transformed it into the creation of Neo-Confucianism, which is Zhu Xi's philosophy.
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Zhao, Gang. "The Maritime Defense of China: Ming General Qi Jiguang and Beyond, edited by Y.H. Teddy Sim." Journal of Chinese Military History 9, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341356.
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LIU, Hongjun. "Scholarly Study of Hong (Rainbow) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties." Cultura 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022020.0007.
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Abstract: This paper focuses on how Chinese intellectuals discussed and researched rainbows in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Many of them considered the rainbow as a phenomenon that occurred under certain conditions of sunshine and raindrops, which could be described with terms related to qi <graphic href="CUL2020k_87_fig0001.jpg"/> of yin/yang <graphic href="CUL2020k_87_fig0002.jpg"/>. Some of them had the knowledge of duplicating rainbows by “spraying water opposite to the sun”. There were also popular conceptions that rainbow was a sign of salaciousness and rainbow could siphon water, both of which had a long history in Chinese context. Scholars also discussed other phenomena similar to rainbow such as solar halo, lunar halo, parhelion and parselene. Those discussions were not held in wider society, yet they were the sign of how Chinese intellectuals rationalized their research into natural philosophy.
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Meidong, Chen. "A Study of Some Astronomical Data in Muslim Calendar." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100106001.
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The Muslim Calendar spread into China in 1385 where it was immediately translated into Chinese by the astronomer Yuan Tong and came into use. In 1477, it was further translated by the astronomer Bei Lin and compiled into the “Qi Zheng Tui Bu”, a work more or less the same in substance with the Muslim Calendar recorded in the “Ming Shi Li Zhi”, both being works of the same source. They left for us the valuable data of the results of research of ancient Arabian astronomers.On different occasions in the Muslim Calendar, values different with one another are used for the same kind of data. In that case, which of them are used for them are accurate values surveyed and calculated by people who originally worked out the Muslim Calendar? And how are these values calculated from data now available?
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Yang, Yi-Fang, Xi-Rui Yan, Rui-Xin Wu, Ning Li, Min Chu, Yang Dong, Shu-Ping Fu, Jian-Rong Shi, and Qing Liu. "Network pharmacology and experimental evidence reveal the protective mechanism of Yi-Qi Cong-Ming decoction on age-related hearing loss." Pharmaceutical Biology 60, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 1478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2022.2101671.
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Yang, Yi-Fang, Xi-Rui Yan, Rui-Xin Wu, Ning Li, Min Chu, Yang Dong, Shu-Ping Fu, Jian-Rong Shi, and Qing Liu. "Network pharmacology and experimental evidence reveal the protective mechanism of Yi-Qi Cong-Ming decoction on age-related hearing loss." Pharmaceutical Biology 60, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 1478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2022.2101671.
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Zuo, Dongling. "The death of Gao Qi and the change of the literary trend at the turn of the Yuan and Ming dynasties." Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2008): 364–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11702-008-0015-0.
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Du, P., and X. Zheng. "City drainage in ancient China." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.112.
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This paper gives an overview of the evolution of city drainage in ancient China, and analyzes the achievement of drainage of such cities as Pingliangtai in Henan province, Xibo of Shang Dynasty, Linzi, the capital of the State of Qi, Chang'an, the capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, Kaifeng, the Eastern Capital of Northern Song Dynasty, Ganzhou, Dadu, the capital of Yuan Dynasty; and Beijing, the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper also sums up the characteristics and the management experiences of the drainage facilities of ancient Chinese cities, including drainage system management methods, rules and laws about drainage in different eras, and overall principles of ancient city water systems. At present, most major cities in China are facing issues relating to drainage systems and city water systems. These cities are often bothered by floods and other water-related problems. Learning from the ancestors' experience would be important and necessary for modern planners and decision makers. Therefore this paper may be used for reference in modern city planning and construction.
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Qiu, Jane. "Stem-cell research and regenerative medicine in China." National Science Review 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww032.
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Abstract For stem-cell researchers around the world, 2015 was a roller-coaster year. In April, Junjiu Huang, a biologist at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, published the first paper on gene editing in human embryos with CRISPR-cas9. This sparked a global controversy—with many Western media using this as an example of China's lack of ethical standards. Subsequent discussions, which culminated in the summit in Washington, DC, last December, have eased the anxieties to some extent over this study and similar studies have now been proposed or approved in the UK and Sweden. Surprisingly, according to Nature magazine (the same magazine publishing some of the news reports on this study), Huang was one of the 10 scientists in the world that made a difference last year. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, stem-cell researchers and a bioethicist discussed how they see last year's furore over gene editing, why China should streamline its oversight and regulatory processes, and where the future of the country's stem-cell research and regenerative medicine lies. Duanqing Pei Stem-cell researcher and Director General of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Guangzhou Xiaomei Zhai Bioethicist and Executive Director of the Centre for Bioethics, Peking Union Medical College, in Beijing Qi Zhou Stem-cell researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing Jianhong Zhu Neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, in Shanghai Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of the Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Shanghai
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Diamond, Catherine. "Cracks in the Arch of Illusion: Contemporary Experiments in Taiwan's Peking Opera." Theatre Research International 20, no. 3 (1995): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300008683.
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Textual and performance innovation in twentieth-century Peking Opera is not new and the experiments by practitioners in Taiwan today demonstrate approaches that both reflect past attempts and contemporary variation. There has been resistance to change in the art form, however, because it was supposed to have reached perfection with Mei Lanfang (1894–1961), who, because of his artistic pre-eminence and international status, was able to introduce several daring innovations that revolutionized the medium without upsetting its parameters. Mei not only experimented by acting in contemporary non-traditional plays, but also within the Peking Opera tradition and was responsible for shifting the limelight away from that of the old man role (laosheng) to that of the young woman (dan), his own role. He and his playwright collaborator, Qi Rushan, wrote new style Peking Opera scripts that made best use of Mei's unique performing talents. Instead of the stylized costume evolved from Ming and Qing, dress, Mei would occasionally use historically accurate costumes from earlier dynasties. He introduced the use of classical dances and encouraged the inclusion of the eihu, the second, lower pitched fiddle into the accompanying orchestra.
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Wesołowski SVD, Zbigniew. "A COURTYARD HOUSE – SIHEYUAN 四合院 AS THE DWELLING PLACE OF THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE FAMILY." Forum Teologiczne, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ft.6096.
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A Chinese courtyard house, called in Chinese siheyuan, equipped with a single entrance and with one or more open courtyards encompassed by one-storey buildings, represents traditional house dwelling in China. Throughout Chinese history, courtyard dwelling was the basic architectural pattern used for building governmental (palaces and offices) and family residences, and religious compounds (temples and monasteries). In this short contribution, the author depicts a standard traditional Beijing court house from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) which would normally host an extended family of three and four generations. The physical construction and spatial structure of the traditional Chinese courtyard house were deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophical thought. The Chinese used fengshui (wind and water) principles to harmonize themselves with their environment in order to secure prosperity, longevity, and family blessings. From the viewpoint of fengshui, a basic courtyard house compound was not only a dwelling place, but also a structured and complicated vision of the cosmos that should function as an ideal container of qi (life energy). The fundamental north-south axis which rhythmically and continuously guarantee the vital flow of qi and the square shape of a courtyard house which means near to the earth, should promise health, prosperity, and the growth of the family. The fengshui system (nowadays mostly associated with Daoism) in the context of a Chinese courtyard house was intimately combined with China’s strict social and family system (Confucianism). The structure of the Chinese traditional family – and the author calls it “Confucian familism” – i.e., the Confucian conviction of family as a model for the whole state. This rigid and hierarchically structured family system, which had been the basis of Chinese society in imperial China for over two thousand years, has been reflected in courtyard house compounds. At the end of this contribution, the author mentions the efforts of present-day architects to find a way to revive traditional courtyard housing for modern times.
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Chen (陳鴻森), Hung-sen. "Some Minor Insights from Reading the Anhui University Warring States Bamboo Slips of the Classic of Poetry." Bamboo and Silk 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00401006.
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Abstract This article discusses three topics. First, it discusses the line “I could not fill my slanting basket” 不盈頃筐 in the poem “Juan er” 卷耳. The Anhui University Bamboo Slip version’s qing 頃 (slanting) is written . This, as with the Chu Silk Manuscript character, should be explained as qi 攲 (lopsided). Second, regarding the line “Do you not understand me?” 不諒人只 in the poem “Bai zhou” 柏舟 of the Yong Airs 鄘風 section, the Anhui University Bamboo Slip version of liang 諒 (understanding) is written jing 京. This character should be understood as qiang 強 in the sense of “coerce/force” 強迫. In the line “Supporting King Wu” 涼彼武王 in the poem “Da ming” 大明 of the Major Elegantiae 大雅, liang 涼 is similarly explained as 強 in the sense of “coerce” 威強. These two characters have always been traditionally glossed as either “trust” 信 or “assist” 佐. Third, regarding the line “… it cannot be recited” 不可讀也 of the poem “Qiang you ci” 牆有茨, du 讀 (reciting) in the Han Poetry 韓詩 is glossed in the sense of “record and narrate” 記述, which is superior to the traditional gloss.
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Zhang, Donia. "Pingyao Historic City and Qiao Family Courtyard." Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism 4, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/jcau.v4i1.47.
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Historic cities all over the world are facing challenges on how to best preserve their architectural heritage. We need good examples to follow. This study explores the historic city of Pingyao in China’s Shanxi Province, and the Qiao Family Courtyard in Qiaojiapu Village of Qi County nearby. Pingyao is a representative of northern Chinese city planning and vernacular architecture during the Ming (1368‒1644) and Qing (1644‒1911) dynasties, and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Qiao Family Courtyard is famous not only because of its majestic architectural compound and exquisite craftsmanship, but also it embodies the unique style of Chinese residential architecture in the Qing dynasty. Zhang Yimou’s 1991 film “Raise the Red Lantern” was shot here. Hu Mei’s 2006 TV series “Qiao’s Grand Courtyard” based on the business history of the family have made the compound internationally acclaimed. From an architectural and urbanist perspective, this paper examines what has made Pingyao Historic City and the Qiao Family Courtyard resilient and responsible. The findings reveal, among other things that, Confucian ethics of honesty, trustworthiness, and righteousness were the backbone accounting for the robust success of Shanxi merchants who held deep-rooted cultural values, and who conducted their businesses accordingly.
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Varenov, A. V. "Three Medieval Chinese Paintings about Girls Leaving for Foreign Lands and Their Historical Background." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-4-88-101.
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The article deals with three Chinese paintings, created in the 13th century. All three scrolls depict different personages living at different times, however the general plot remains the same: an enforced departure of a girl to a foreign land.Zhang Yu’s painting “Wenji returns to Han” tells of an Eastern Han poetess Cai Yan (Cai Wenji), who was a Xiongnu captive for 12 years, redeemed at the beginning of the 3rd century AD by a famous Chinese warlord, poet and politician Cao Cao. Gong Suran’s scroll “Ming-fei leaves the fort” illustrates a legendary story of Wang Zhaojun, one of the “four great beauties of ancient China” and a concubine of the Western Han Emperor Yuan-di, who married a Xiongnu chieftain in the last third of the 1st century BC to save her country from nomad invasion. The third painting looks the most realistic, however the reason for the creation of “Nomads” by Hu Huan is unknown. The author argues that all three paintings, in various artistic form, reflect the same historical event which happened in 1214. This was the enforced marriage of a Jin Empire princess Qi to the Mongolian chieftain Genghis Khan as a condition set by him to raise the siege of the Jin capital. Paintings by Zhang Yu and Gong Suran treat this event allegorically and Hu Huan’s “Nomads” – realistically.
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장효만 and Malsuk An. "Tentative Study on Chinese Phonetic Evolution during Ming and Qing Dynasties (1515~1795) ―Based on Right Annotated Pronunciations in Lao Qi Da Translation and Nokeoltae Eonhae―." Dongyang studies in Korean Classics 36, no. 36 (February 2013): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35374/dyha.36.36.201302.008.
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Wang, Anyu, and Alexandra V. Troschinskaya. "ON THE QUESTION OF CLARIFYING THE NAME OF ZHU DA (1626–1705) AND ITS ORIGIN." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 19, no. 4 (September 10, 2023): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2023-19-4-56-67.
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Zhu Da (1626–1705) was a famous Chinese artist who lived during the late-Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. He was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. Zhu Da was related to the imperial house of Ming. After the fall of this dynasty, during the reign of the Manchus, he was forced to hide, became a monk for some time and reached heights in the study of Buddhism, after which he returned to worldly life. Zhu Da and his work were significantly influenced by the classical texts of Confucianism, the philosophy of Cheng-Zhu, Buddhism and Taoism. His poetic captions for paintings and individual poems are extremely symbolic and have a special artistic style. Zhu Da became a reformer of traditional literati painting (wenrenhua) and raised it to new heights. Subsequently, he had a great influence on the painting of representatives of the Four Monks and the Eight Eccentrics from Yangzhou, as well as on the style of such 20th century masters as Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong, who worked at the end of the Qing period and the beginning of the Republican period in China. The last fifty years have become the most fruitful period in the field of studying the work of Zhu Da. The research moved outside of China, publications by foreign scientists appeared about the artist, and the name of Zhu Da (Bada Shanren) gained worldwide fame and recognition. The scientific works and articles devoted to him are conventionally divided into the following three thematic areas. The first one is the study of Zhu Da’s pseudonyms (names), his life and contacts with artists and poets, his contemporaries. The second area is the study of Zhu Da’s creative thought and artistic achievements. The third one is a study of the influence of Zhu Da’s painting style on later artists and related comparisons. The article analyses publications and scientific works devoted to Zhu Da’s creative work, published over the past half century. Among them, those related to clarifying the pseudonyms (names) of Zhu Da, his pedigree and biography are especially highlighted; various approaches of Chinese and foreign scientists to the study of the creative work of the outstanding Chinese master and his artistic heritage are considered.
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Yang, Xiaobo. "Od »skromnih stvari« do »velikega Daota«." Asian Studies 12, no. 2 (May 6, 2024): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2024.12.2.171-191.
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China’s distinctive cricket culture—related to the insect, not the game—has given rise to a unique genre of texts known as “cricket books” (xishuai pu 蟋蟀譜). These texts, serving as instructional manuals for cricket-fighting, fall under the branch of pulu (譜錄) in traditional Chinese bibliography. Beyond scientific and technological merits, this genre has profound aesthetic and philosophical significance. Nurtured by the highly developed urban leisure culture of the Song dynasty, it embodies a philosophy of leisure. During the Ming dynasty, cricket books ultimately attained the esteemed title of “Classics” (jing 經) due to their profound philosophical resonance and embodiment of Confucian values. This article undertakes a philosophical exploration of these texts, aiming to unveil the embedded interpretative framework of Dao-Qi (道-器) in their examination of the colouration (se 色) and physiognomy (xiang 相) of crickets. This framework represents a fusion between Confucianism and Daoism: while Daoism embarks on a journey of transcendence from the very bottom (the most minute and humble things under Heaven, or weiwu 微物) to the very top (the “Great Dao”), Confucianism strives to bridge these two extremes through the emotion (qing 情) inherent in human hearts. This fusion can be aptly characterized as a philosophy of “emotion towards things” (ai wu 愛物). Moreover, this article addresses the challenges posed by modern society to traditional Chinese cricket culture, articulating concerns about the survival and revival of these time-honoured traditions in today’s technology-driven world.
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Zavidovskaia, Ekaterina A. "Illustrated Editions and Popular Woodblock Prints nianhua Featuring Short Stories by Pu Songling." Oriental Studies 19, no. 4 (2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-4-94-107.
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The paper studies connections between the illustrated lithographic edition of Pu Songling’s 蒲松齡 (1640–1715) “Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio with annotations, poems, and illustrations” (詳註聊齋誌異圖詠Xiangzhu liaozhai zhiyi tuyong, 1886), a collection of illustrations by Shanghai publishing house Tongwenshuju 同文書局 and several popular woodblock prints 年畫 nianhua found in Russian collections (Peter the Great Museum of Ethnography and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, State Hermitage, Geographic Society) in order to learn how Pu Songling’s stories circulated in the society of late Qing China, and the perception of literature written in classical language by the wider public. The conclusions are that the aforementioned illustrated lithographic edition may have prompted creation of woodblock prints based on Pu Songling’s stories, where nianhua artists borrowed poetic inscriptions and composition of the lithographic illustrations. The small amount of such prints in comparison with those illustrating classical Ming-Qing novels such as Romance of The Three Kingdoms 三國演義, Journey to the West 西遊記, Dream of the Red Chamber 紅樓夢 allows to suggest that novels remained the favourite among the literati, while illiterate consumers of popular prints could appreciate their auspicious meaning more than the story. The fact that majority of the discovered nianhua pictures were produced at the oldest and largest printing shops in Yangliqing 楊柳青 – Dai lianzeng 戴廉增 and Qi jianlong 齊健隆 famous for their fine artistic quality proves that their customer base was mostly comprised of wealthier and more literate public.
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Li, Huanyou. "Confucian Response to the Challenge Posed by Catholicism: Wang Fuzhi’s Views of Catholicism." Religions 14, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101333.
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Despite his significant influence, Wang Fuzhi’s perspective on Catholicism and its actual impact on his philosophical outlook have yet to be thoroughly examined. This essay aims to delve into this topic and elucidate Wang’s attitude toward Catholicism, highlighting its evolution over time. In his earlier ideological developments, Wang Fuzhi adopted a staunchly critical approach to Catholicism, primarily from an ethical standpoint and through the lens of the Hua-Yi differentiation (hua yi zhi bian 华夷之辨). He perceived Catholicism as a doctrine of Yi 夷, lacking an understanding of the proper human place within relationships. Moreover, he pointed out that Catholicism was characterized by dogmatic adherence, in contrast to the Confucian emphasis on embodying the “mean” (Zhong 中) in practical terms. However, in his old age, Wang Fuzhi’s perspective underwent a subtle shift, spurred by the astronomical observations conducted by missionaries like Matteo Ricci. This shift prompted him to re-evaluate the Confucian concept of heaven and led him to assert that certain Catholic practices were essentially endeavors of “investigating things” (gewu 格物). This reinterpretation encouraged individuals to explore the significance of engaging with the external world—a facet often overlooked in the context of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism. Wang Fuzhi embarked on an endeavor to integrate Catholicism into the Confucian framework. He identified select Catholic ideas that aligned with his own viewpoint and incorporated them into the doctrine of qi. Despite his lifelong dedication to Confucianism, the challenges posed by Catholicism and the activities of missionaries compelled him to reassess and, in some instances, embrace new ideas that deviated from his predecessors’ stance.
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Qi, Xiaogiang, Ming Yang, Lixin Ma, Jonathan Mitchem, Jussuf Kaifi, Shiyou Chen, Aaron Ericsson, Eric Kimchi, Kevin Staveley-O’Carroll, and Guangfu Li. "Abstract 4116: Modulating gut microbiota to improve intrahepatic immunity against hepatocellular cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4116.
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Abstract Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC), significantly affecting the HCC treatment. It has been reported that the HCC patients’ response to the immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade was associated with their gut microbiota profiles. However, the impact of gut microbiota on anti-HCC immunity and its underlying mechanism are poorly understood. Treating HCC-bearing mice with a specific and non-hepatotoxic antibiotic cocktail caused the increased relative abundance of specific commensal bacteria such as Bacteroides, resulting in suppression of HCC growth and development which was involved in the activation of intrahepatic antitumor immune responses. Gut microbiota recolonization of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. th) in gut-sterilized HCC-bearing mice significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1 Ab) against HCC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from HCC patients who received and responded to αPD-1 Ab treatment improved the efficacy of αPD-1 Ab treatment against HCC in mice model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the modulation of Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)/Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling and the accumulation of CpG-enriched genomic DNAs of B. th in livers/tumors activated the tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells through the dendritic cell in a TLR9-dependent manner. In conclusion, gut microbiota as a causative factor can be targeted to improve anti-HCC immunotherapy. Citation Format: Xiaogiang Qi, Ming Yang, Lixin Ma, Jonathan Mitchem, Jussuf Kaifi, Shiyou Chen, Aaron Ericsson, Eric Kimchi, Kevin Staveley-O’Carroll, Guangfu Li. Modulating gut microbiota to improve intrahepatic immunity against hepatocellular cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4116.
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Каровски, Мартин, Јихе Зху, Благица Арсовска, and Кристина Козовска. "Акупунктурен третман при лумбална дискус хернија." Macedonian Medical Electronic Journal 2, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/mmej.2016.50025.
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ОСНОВА: Дискус хернијата е заболување кое доаѓа со стареењето, при што секогаш доаѓа до пролабирање и иритација на околните нерви, а конвенционалната медицина нуди инвазивни и болни третмани, како епидурални инјекции, лумбарна отворена микроскопска дисцектомија или лапароскопска операција на ‘рбетот. Акупунктурата со векови се користи како успешен третман при многу болести, а со развојот на медицината и подоброто познавање на патолошките состојби на организмот, сега и науката е во можност да ја докаже ефикасноста на овој, за пациентот, лесен, речиси безболен и неинвазивен третман, кој покрај терапевтското има и силно аналгетско дејство уште во првата фаза од лекувањето.
ЦЕЛ: Овој труд се обидува да ја докаже ефикасноста на третманот со акупунктура над дискус хернијата со цел алтернативно, помалку болно и понеинвазивно лекување на болеста.
МАТЕРИЈАЛИ И МЕТОДИ: Истражувањето е извршено на 30 пациенти, од кои сите се со симптоми на лумбална болка во ’рбетот, а сите од нив имаат дискус хернија, најчесто, 29 од нив, дискус херниа помеѓу пршлените Л4 и L5, а 26 од нив со хернија во комбинација L4, L5 и S1. При третманот изведувана е акупунктура на BL-24 (Qi Hai Su), BL-25 (Da Chang Shu), BL-26 (Guan Yan Shu), BL-27 (Xio Chang Shu), BL-28 (Pang Guang Shu), GB-30 (Huan Tiao), BL-40 (Wei Zhong), BL-57 (Cheng Shen), GB-37 (Guan Ming) и BL-60 (Kun Kun), во затворена просторија на собна температура од околу 25 степени Целзиусови.
РЕЗУЛТАТИ: Според статистиката очигледно е дека дискус хернијата е речиси подеднакво застапена кај двата пола, од 30 пациенти, 13 се жени, а 17 мажи. Бројот на терапии кај пациентите е различен, но просечно се потребни 8 терапии за лекување.
ЗАКЛУЧОК: Според истражувањето спроведено со овој труд, базирано врз основа на факти и докази, акупунктурата е успешен терапевтски третман за лекување на дискус хернијата.
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Sun, Fei, Xingchen Dong, Ming Qi, and Ting Fu. "Abstract 2167: Microbial bile acid, 3-oxo-LCA, inhibits colorectal cancer progression." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2167.
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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects a significant number of individuals each year, ranking as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. Bile acids (BAs), natural compounds crucial for digesting dietary fats, not only influence the gut microbiota but are also involved in gut health through their interaction with the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Recent findings have highlighted certain microbiota-generated BAs like 3-oxo-lithocholic acid (LCA) and IsoLCA, modulate host immunity, hinder the expansion of intestinal pathogens, and potentially anti-aging. Despite the advancements in identifying the gut microbes behind these BAs, their precise impact on intestinal cells (IECs) and their role in disease progression are largely unexplored. Our pilot investigation unveiled 3oxoLCA as an FXR agonist, restoring FXR signaling in both cancer cells and APCmin/+ mice (a classic CRC mice model). As a result, 3-oxo-LCA inhibits the growth of both human and mouse CRC cells, such as MC38, CT26 and HCT116. Additionally, 3-oxo-LCA also restrained the intestinal stem cells (ISCs)’ proliferation in organoids from both wild-type and APCmin/+ mice, and patient-derived CRC organoids (PDCOs). Remarkably, treatment with 3-oxo-LCA decreased BAs levels, improved gut barrier function, reduced tumor load, and inhibited tumor progression in APCmin/+ mice. Furthermore, 3-oxo-LCA significantly suppressed tumor growth in cancer cell-derived xenograft model mice. Crucially, the 3-oxo-LCA-FXR interaction transcriptionally regulated key apoptotic genes, encouraging cancer cell death. These discoveries highlight the therapeutic promise of incorporating 3-oxo-LCA into strategies for treating CRC. Citation Format: Fei Sun, Xingchen Dong, Ming Qi, Ting Fu. Microbial bile acid, 3-oxo-LCA, inhibits colorectal cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2167.
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Liu, Xiaohui, Ying Wang, Dongliang Xia, Wei Zhang, Yan He, Shijie Tian, Xuerong Feng, et al. "Abstract 1835: Discovery of HSN003839, a highly potent inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease USP21 for cancer therapy." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1835.
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Abstract USP21 belongs to the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which catalyze the removal of ubiquitin chain from targeted proteins. Numerous efforts over the last decade have identified a wide range of USP21 substrates and revealed the momentous and multifaceted role of USP21 in physiological and pathological states, especially in tumorigenesis, indicating that USP21 is an appealing target for the therapy of many correlative diseases. Nevertheless, progress in the development of potent USP21 inhibitors remains limited. Herein, we present the discovery of HSN003839, a highly potent and selective USP21 inhibitor with excellent anticancer activity and drug-like properties. Following screening tool compounds to identify hits and subsequent optimization, we discovered a series of compounds with strong enzymatic inhibition for USP21 with IC50 < 100 nM. Among them, HSN003839 displayed low nanomolar cancer cells proliferation inhibitions and excellent ADMET properties. The mouse oral bioavailability (F) is 76.5% at 10 mg/kg. In a preliminary mouse CDX model, monotherapy of HSN003839 showed 105% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) at 30 mg/kg with no obvious body weight reduction. Further biological characterization, efficacy and toxicity studies are ongoing. The structure of HSN003839 was not presented and will not be disclosed at the time of presentation at AACR meeting. Citation Format: Xiaohui Liu, Ying Wang, Dongliang Xia, Wei Zhang, Yan He, Shijie Tian, Xuerong Feng, Xia Yang, Qi Zhang, Fei Liu, Shiyi Jiang, Ran Hu, Ming Tang, Xuelin Tang, Yuqing Liu, Weijiao Yuan, Xuedan You. Discovery of HSN003839, a highly potent inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease USP21 for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1835.
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Zhang, Qi-Ling, Lei Hu, Chao Hu, and Duan-You Li. "Discussion of “Influence of Reservoir Water Levels on the Protective Performance of Concrete Gravity Dams Subjected to Underwater Explosions” by Qi Li, Gaohui Wang, Wenbo Lu, Xinqiang Niu, Ming Chen, and Peng Yan." Journal of Structural Engineering 145, no. 9 (September 2019): 07019003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002377.
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Li, Qi, Gaohui Wang, Wenbo Lu, Xinqiang Niu, Ming Chen, and Peng Yan. "Closure to “Influence of Reservoir Water Levels on the Protective Performance of Concrete Gravity Dams Subjected to Underwater Explosions” by Qi Li, Gaohui Wang, Wenbo Lu, Xinqiang Niu, Ming Chen, and Peng Yan." Journal of Structural Engineering 145, no. 9 (September 2019): 07019004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002378.
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Zhang, Liyi, Qi Zhang, Pei Li, Min Xiong, Yue Zhou, Jingyan Xue, Ming Chen, et al. "Abstract P3-05-46: scRNA-seq profiling reveals different tumor immune-microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and decodes pivotal role of THBS1- SDC1 axis in tumor metastasis." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P3–05–46—P3–05–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-05-46.
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Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Breast cancer has become the most common cancer worldwide and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype due to the lacks of hormone receptors and HER2 expression. Increasing rate of breast cancer metastasis also need to be solved. Nearly one in four breast cancer patients developed metastasis after treatment, which attributed to 90% cancer related death. Considering highly aggressive pattern of TNBC, TNBC showed higher metastasis probability rather than other subtypes. Therefore, exploring more biomarkers and therapeutic targets are on urgent. Methods: We profiled the transcriptomes of 59646 cells from 12 primary and 4 metastatic tumor samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Results: Comparing with primary site, metastatic site was predominated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In brief, metastatic samples showed increasing numbers of macrophages, lower anti-tumor microenvironment scores, higher malignant cell properties scores, less effective T cells and macrophages, enhanced immune escape potential tumor cells and a later pseudotime state of malignant cells, compared with primary samples. Remarkably, metastatic samples exhibited a stronger interaction of THBS1-SDC1 axis between macrophage subcluster named angiogenesis-1 and malignant cell subcluster named CDKN2A epithelial cells. We subsequently confirmed that higher THBS1-SDC1 expression indicated with poor overall survival and distant metastatic free survival of TNBC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) TNBC cohort. Conclusion: Our immune landscape of TNBC ecosystem provide deeper insights into tumor metastasis and offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic target for TNBC. Key words: Breast cancer; immune-microenvironment; THBS1; SDC1; metastasis Citation Format: Liyi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Pei Li, Min Xiong, Yue Zhou, Jingyan Xue, Ming Chen, Wei-Ru Chi, Hengyu Ren, Chih Wan Goh, Douwaner Liu, Liren Wangxu, Yayun Chi, Bingqiu Xiu, Jiong Wu. scRNA-seq profiling reveals different tumor immune-microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and decodes pivotal role of THBS1- SDC1 axis in tumor metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-46.
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Zhang, Qi, Jing Pan, Donghai Xiong, Yian Wang, Mark S. Miller, and Ming You. "Abstract 7297: Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis and potentiation of cancer preventive vaccines by a small molecule CA170 targeting the immune checkpoint protein VISTA." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7297.
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Abstract The V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and is an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy. Blocking VISTA activates both innate and adaptive immunity to eradicate tumors in mice. Furthermore, a tripeptide small molecule antagonist of VISTA, CA170, exhibited potent anticancer efficacy on carcinogen-induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that KRAS or EGFR vaccines are effective in preventing lung tumorigenesis driven by either KRAS or EGFR in a pure prevention setting but are less effective in mice carrying existing lesions. Here, we determined if combining an MHC class II-restricted multi-antigen vaccine targeting KRAS or EGFR with CA170 will provide enhanced efficacy in preventing lung cancer progression. Using tetracycline-inducible KRAS and EGFR transgenic mice, we found that lung tumor development was significantly suppressed when CA170, delivered by aerosol inhalation to minimize systemic toxicity, was combined with either KRAS or EGFR MHCII-directed peptide vaccines using a post-initiation model. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that CA170 significantly increases tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and enhances effector-memory T cell frequencies and functions of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These changes coincide with significant reductions in G-MDSCs (granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and Foxp3+ Treg populations within lung tumors from mice treated with CA170. We found that the KRAS and EGFR preventive vaccines primarily induced the expansion of CD4+ effector T cells. VISTA antagonism by CA170 revealed strong efficacy against lung tumorigenesis with broad immunoregulatory functions that influence effector, memory, and regulatory T cells, and drive an adaptive T cell tumor-specific immune response that enhances the efficacy of the KRAS and EGFR preventive vaccines in transgenic mouse models of lung cancer. Citation Format: Qi Zhang, Jing Pan, Donghai Xiong, Yian Wang, Mark S. Miller, Ming You. Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis and potentiation of cancer preventive vaccines by a small molecule CA170 targeting the immune checkpoint protein VISTA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7297.
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Goldbeck, Florens, Ye Lei Xie, Martin Hautzinger, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Gorden Sudeck, and Ann-Christine Ehlis. "Relaxation or Regulation: The Acute Effect of Mind-Body Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Subjective State in Experienced Qi Gong Practitioners." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6673190.
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Mind-body exercises such as Yoga or Qi Gong have demonstrated a wide range of health benefits and hold great promise for employment in clinical practice. However, the psychophysiological mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Theoretical frameworks highlight regulation as a characteristic and specific mechanism of mind-body exercise for which empirical evidence is scarce. To investigate the exact nature of this mechanism, we tracked acute changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and subjective state over a common form of mind-body exercise (Qi Gong). Heart rate variability (HRV) and subjective state were assessed in 42 Qi Gong practitioners from China and Germany during a standard moving Qi Gong exercise (Baduanjin). Relaxation in supine position prior and after the exercise served as a control condition to Qi Gong and to assess changes before and after the exercise. Following Qi Gong, all practitioners reported significantly increased subjective calmness and perceived body activation, attentional focus, and subjective vitality. On the physiological level, a significant decrease of parasympathetic modulation and increase in heart rate indicated a pattern of moderate general physiological activation during Qi Gong. A significant increase in overall RR-interval modulation and cardiac coherence during Qi Gong were indicative of a mechanism of active regulation. Examination of the RR-interval trajectories revealed a rhythmic pattern of ANS activation and deactivation in sync with activating and relaxing segments of the exercise. Significant changes in subjective state, not on the physiological level, before and after the exercise were observed. Significant associations between Qi-Gong-specific beliefs, age, cultural background, and experiential and physiological measures demonstrated the complexity of mind-body exercises as multicomponent interventions. Overall, this study highlights moderate general physiological activation, exercise-dependent rhythmic ANS modulation, and induction of a characteristic state of eutonic calmness as potential psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of mind-body exercise.
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張歡歡, 張歡歡. "王夫之「詩史」說析辨." 中正漢學研究 35, no. 35 (June 2020): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/2306036020200600350005.
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<p>「詩史」說自唐代孟棨提出，繁衍出「敘事」、「實錄」、「忠君愛國」等內涵，多在肯定層面論說。至明清之際，王夫之的觀點頗為特出，他對「詩史」諸多內涵均加以批評，更在整體上否定此說。對抗史對詩的陵越，是船山在處理詩史關係時的根本主張，其言「詩道性情」，認為「史」不能代「詩」而言「性之情」。根本而言，王夫之出於人心危淺的儒者意識，賦予詩體以獨特意義，期望藉詩之力量導情復性，於詩之審美中尋求道德之潛力，這是他的詩歌理想；而「詩史」對此僅有破壞，而無建構，故其深惡此說。本文將分析王夫之對「詩史」部分內涵的批評，論述他於明清之際推崇「詩史」之歷史語境下的嚴峻批判態度由來，並闡述他所堅持的「詩」之獨特意義。</p> <p> </p><p>Since Meng Qi from the Tang Dynasty proposed the concept of "Shishi" (Poetry-History), multiple interpretations, most of them were on an affirmative level, had been created, such as "narrate", "record as the author has witnessed ", " loyal and patriotic " etc. By the time of late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692) ’s viewpoint stood out by criticized not only part of the interpretations but the whole concept of "Shishi". When dealing with the relation between "history" and "poetry", Wang Fuzhi’s fundamental proposition was to defy history’s violation of poetic form. Wang Fuzhi stressed that poetry should express "Xing" (human nature) and "Qing" (feelings). The history’s violation of poetic form would undermine the expression of Qing and therefore weaken the power of it, which could enhance the cultivation of people and help brace up the national power. Once the history was emphasized egregiously in poetic form, the essence of poetry would be vandalized. Essentially, Wang Fuzhi endowed the poetic form of a unique meaning due to his consciousness of Confucianism. He hoped that the power of poetry would guide Qing to Xing. This was his poetic ideal to seek moral potential in the aesthetics of poetry. Therefore, he rebelled at the concept of "Shishi" which impeded destructively. This paper analyzes Wang Fuzhi’s criticism of "Shishi", discusses the reason for his unique critical attitude amid the atmosphere of this concept during the late Ming and early Qing and explains his interpretations of poetry.</p> <p> </p>
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Qi, Xiaowei, Hong Hu, chen wenlin, xu yan, liu shu, fang yanman, Taolang Li, et al. "Abstract P1-11-18: The efficacy and safety of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with different chemotherapy regimens for neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-posotive breast cancer: a multi-center real-world study in China." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P1–11–18—P1–11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p1-11-18.
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Abstract Background: Dual HER2 targeted therapy with trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) has been approved as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in China in 2019 based on the results from NeoSphere and PEONY study. However, the real-world efficacy and safety data are currently lack of evidence in China. Therefore, this multi-center real-world study aims to retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with different chemotherapy regimens of HER2-positive early breast cancer. Methods: Patients received trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with different chemotherapy regimens, including taxanes (T), cyclophosphamide (C), anthracyclines (A) were collected retrospectively from 12 centers. The primary endpoint was total pathological complete response (tpCR, ypT0/is ypN0) rate. Results: A total of 357 patients were enrolled, among which 204 (57.5%) recieved TCbHP, 92 (25.9%) recieved EC-THP, and 51 (14.4%) received THP as chemotherapy regimens. The median age was 48 years old (range, 22-76), 142 (39.8%) of patients were classified as hormone receptor (HR)-positive, and 215 (60.2%) were HR-negative. The overall tpCR rate was 58.5% (95%CI, 53.2%-63.7%). tpCR rate for HR-negative patients was significantly higher than HR-positive patients (65.6% vs. 47.9%, p=0.001) and there was not any statistical difference according to chemotherapy regimens (56.9% for TCbHP, 56.5% for EC-THP, and 66.7% for THP, p=0.445). The most common adverse events included anemia (40.1%), white blood cell count decreased (34.3%), ejection fraction decreased (19.5%), Alanine aminotransferase increased (18.9%), platelet count decreased (12.8%) and neutrophil count decreased (12.0%). There was not any toxicity leading to death. Conclusions: Multi-center real-world data show satisfactory tpCR rate and tolerable adverse events of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with different chemotherapy regimens in China. Citation Format: Xiaowei Qi, Hong Hu, chen wenlin, xu yan, liu shu, fang yanman, Taolang Li, ming jia, zhou sihai, chai fan, liang yueyang, fan yuanming, Yi Zhang, Peng Tang, jiang jun, nie jianyun, Li Chen, Shushu Wang. The efficacy and safety of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with different chemotherapy regimens for neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-posotive breast cancer: a multi-center real-world study in China [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-18.
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Seok, Bongrae. "The Four–Seven Debate of Korean Neo-Confucianism and the Moral Psychological and Theistic Turn in Korean Philosophy." Religions 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9110374.
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This paper discusses how Korean Neo-Confucian philosophers in the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910) explained the moral nature of the mind and its emotions. Among the philosophical debates of Korean Neo-Confucianism, the author of the paper focuses on the Four–Seven Debate (a philosophical debate about the moral psychological nature of the four moral emotions and the seven morally indiscrete emotions) to analyze its li–qi metaphysics (a philosophical explanation of the universe through the intricate and interactive relation between the two cosmic processes, li and qi) and its conflicting viewpoints on the moral psychological nature of emotion. Because of the ambiguities and inconsistencies in the Neo-Confucian explanation, specifically those of the Cheng–Zhu schools of Neo-Confucianism on the nature and functions of the mind, Korean Neo-Confucians struggled to bring Neo-Confucian li–qi metaphysics to the moral and practical issues of the human mind and moral cultivation. Later in the Joseon dynasty, some Korean Neo-Confucians discussed the fundamental limitations of li–qi metaphysics and developed their explanations for the goodness of the moral mind and the world from an alternative (i.e., theistic) viewpoint.
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Liu, Xin, Yvette D. Miller, Nicola W. Burton, Jiun-Horng Chang, and Wendy J. Brown. "Qi-Gong Mind–Body Therapy and Diabetes Control." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 41, no. 2 (August 2011): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.04.007.
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Wang, Li-Chi, Tai-Lin Chen, Li Wei Chen, and Ming-Yen Tsai. "Abstract 7442: Exploring the role of chinese herbal medicine in adjunctive therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7442.
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Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment traditionally relies on Platinum-based chemotherapy along with targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, the emergence of drug resistance due to genetic factors and the progression of late-stage metastasis pose significant challenges. In Asian medical practices, the integration of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) alongside conventional therapy has shown promise in improving treatment efficacy, ensuring safety, and mitigating adverse effects. This study aims to comprehensively summarize the prevalence and efficacy of CHM when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy in managing advanced NSCLC. Our analysis encompasses data from 14 randomized controlled trials involving 1451 patients, of which 739 received combined chemotherapy with CHMs while 712 received chemotherapy alone. Notably, the adjunctive use of traditional CHM demonstrated a marked increase in overall survival rates. Patients with NSCLC who received CHMs in combination with chemotherapy exhibited significantly higher Objective Response Rate (ORR) (RR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.20-1.58], p = .000) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) (RR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.07-1.21], p = .000) compared to those solely undergoing chemotherapy. The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (SMD = 1.47, 95% CI [0.30-2.64], p = 0.014) also indicated substantial improvements in the quality of life assessment, involving a total of 277 cases. The systematic review identified 88 herbs and formulas, classified into two primary categories. The first category involves tonifying qi and nourishing yin, thereby enhancing the body's immune function and boost immune therapy, fortifying its ability to combat pathogens, and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Herbs such as Rx. Astragali (Huangqi), Rz. Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Rx. Glehniae (Shashen), and Rx. Ophiopogonis (Maidong) were among the most frequently prescribed CHMs. The second category consists of heat-clearing and toxin-removing medicines, effectively regulating the inflammatory response and infection around tumors while exhibiting potent anti-tumor activity, such as Herba Salviae Chinensis (ShiJianChuan) and Selaginella Doederleinii (ShiShangBai). The evidence derived from the meta-analysis strongly suggests that adjunctive CHM treatment can significantly enhance chemotherapy's effectiveness and improve tumor response. Subsequent research focusing on the development and application of CHM is warranted for the advancement of NSCLC treatment methodologies. Citation Format: Li-Chi Wang, Tai-Lin Chen, Li Wei Chen, Ming-Yen Tsai. Exploring the role of chinese herbal medicine in adjunctive therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7442.
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Quinonez, Rocio B., Elizabeth Consky, Katrina Mattison, and Greg Randolph. "Using Quality Improvement Methods to Implement an Early Childhood Oral Health Initiative: A Federally Qualified Health Center Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2017): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.5.351.
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Objectives: To assess the use of quality improvement (QI) methods to implement an early childhood oral health program (Baby Oral Health Program-bOHP) in four federally qualified health center (FQHC) dental clinics. Study Design: Using a mixed-methods study design, survey responses, administrative data, QI project templates, and focus group measures were collected. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles as mini-projects to improve the implementation of bOHP were examined. Data analysis included descriptive qualitative reviews and quantitative statistics at baseline, six, and 12 months following the intervention. Results: Twenty-three dental team providers in one urban and three rural clinics participated. Successful QI mini-projects included shortening time period between accepted referral and patient visits, improved documentation of caregiver interview, and efficiency of the infant oral health examination. Lack of change in provider confidence was observed, regardless of years of practice (p=0.93), years of employment (p=0.39), and dental team age (p=0.85). Qualitative reviews highlighted mixed QI results related to training and limited resources invested on follow-up of QI implementation. Conclusions: A low cost, low resource pilot QI program as part of bOHP implementation showed mixed success, highlighting the critical role of training, staff committment, and leadership support to assure sustainable oral health programs in high-risk populations.
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Hung, Shih-Han, Ching-Yung Hwang, and Chun-Yen Chang. "Is the Qi experience related to the flow experience? Practicing qigong in urban green spaces." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e0240180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240180.
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People experience a healthy energy gained from the environment and an inner feeling, called the Qi experience. The flow experience has been a popular topic in Western studies, especially within the fields of psychology and health, and in all kinds of activities. Our current study used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the relationship between the Qi experience and the flow experience. After collecting data using open-ended questions, we integrated and connected the Qi experience into five orientations: (1) the feeling of Qi; (2) the mind; (3) Qi and consciousness; (4) physical, mental, and spiritual benefits; and (5) the feeling of Tao. The results revealed a high level of consistency between the flow experience and the Qi experience (r = 0.90, p<0.00, which supports the conclusion that the concept of the flow experience in Qigong activity seems to be the same as that in East Asian disciplines, called the Qi experience.
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Jung, Woojin. "An Ontological Investigation into Qi ‒focusing on the mind." Korean Journal of Philosophy 123 (May 31, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18694/kjp.2015.05.123.27.
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Chen, Kan. "Wuhua Therapy: A Way to ZhiMian Unallowable Experience in the Context of Chinese Culture." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816675030.
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Wuhua philosophy is rooted in Taoism. Zhuangzi described the practice of Wuhua as the “fasting of the heart mind” (心斋). Humanistic psychology and analytical psychology describe the “fasting of the heart mind” as a path leading to ZhiMian. The resolution of the boundary between conflicts is built on a dialogue between differences that is characterized by effort and an open attitude. The key to the Wuhua experience is Qi. In the experience of Qi, mankind humbly aims to understand the world from the heart mind position to explore how the self is related to the world and to define the self and the other interdependently and relatively. Wuhua therapy fosters experience in all dimensions, concentrating on the natural emergence and movement of Qi, and waits for it to lead to the dissolution of boundaries and to generate its creative healing nature. The method of Wuhua therapy involves noninterpretation, careful observation, and faithful reflection. This article describes a case that illustrates the method and discusses the resonance between Wuhua philosophy and humanistic psychology.
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Kim, Meong-Ju, and Hye-Jeong Kim. "Natural Healing of Body and Mind through Qi(Energy) Movement." Journal of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2017.01.11.1.275.
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Liou, Tong-Miin. "The Sincere Mind of Goodness: Psychotherapy and Cosmic Qi -Healing." Journal of Daoist Studies 17, no. 1 (2024): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dao.2024.a920722.
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