Journal articles: 'Mingan Islands'

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Rigby, J. Keith, and Andre Desrochers. "Lower and Middle Ordovician Lithistid Demosponges from the Mingan Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Canada." Journal of Paleontology 69, S41 (July 1995): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600006100x.

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New collections, as well as original type material, of Lower and Middle Ordovician sponges from the Mingan Island Archipelago are described and figured from the Mingan and Romaine Formations. Archaeoscyphia minganensis (Billings, 1859), Hudsonospongia minganensis Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, H. irregularis Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, H. duplicata Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, Zittelella varians (Billings, 1861a), and Eospongia roemeri Billings, 1861, are redescribed from original type specimens and new collections. The species Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler, 1927), Rhopalocoelia clarkii Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, Psarodictyum magnificum Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, and Lissocoelia ramosa Bassler, 1927 are reported and described from the Mingan Islands for the first time. To these sponges are added the new species Anthaspidella amplia, Archaeoscyphia undulata, Hudsonospongia nodosa, and Zittelella grossa, which are described from type specimens from the Mingan Formation.The assemblage from 12 localities from the Mingan Formation, and one from the Romaine Formation, represents one of the most diverse demosponge faunas from eastern North America. Sponges in most of the localities accumulated as transported debris or lag gravels, but locally, some grew in small reefoidal mounds and also accumulated as adjacent debris.

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Shaw, Frederick C., and Thomas E. Bolton. "Ordovician trilobites from the Romaine and Mingan formations (Ibexian-late Whiterockian), Mingan Islands, Quebec." Journal of Paleontology 85, no. 3 (May 2011): 406–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-062.1.

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The Romaine Formation of the Mingan Islands, Québec, contains a limited trilobite fauna of five genera (Bolbocephalus, Peltabellia, Petigurus, Strigigenalis, Strotactinus) with Lower Ordovician Ibexian (Floian) affinity, succeeded by two genera (Acidiphorus, Pseudomera) of early Middle Ordovician Whiterockian (Dapingian) affinity. Trilobites of later Whiterockian (Darriwillian) affinity are more abundant in the overlying Mingan Formation, with 29 genera (Amphilichas, Bathyurus, Calyptaulax, Ceraurinella, Cybeloides, Dolichoharpes, Encrinuroides, Eobronteus, Eorobergia, Failleana, Glaphurina, Glaphurus, Hibbertia, Hyboaspis, Illaenus, Isotelus, Kawina, Nieskowskia, Phorocephala, Pandaspinapyga, Pliomerops, Remopleurides, Sphaerexochus [including S. valcourensis n. sp.], Sphaerocoryphe, Stenopareia, Thaleops, Thulincola, Uromystrum, and Vogdesia). Lectotypes are selected for Mingan species of Illaenus, Peltabellia, Petigurus, Sphaerexochus, Stenopareia, and Thaleops. A number of genera form biofacies which can be related to lithofacies. Taken together with Chazy Group and Northwest Territories trilobite faunas, Mingan trilobites provide critical information on late Whiterockian trilobite distributions in Laurentia in far more detail than seen in the stratotype area of Nevada.

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Belland, René J., W. B. Schofield, and Terry A. Hedderson. "Bryophytes of Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, Quebec: a boreal flora with arctic and alpine components." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-274.

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The Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve has a bryophyte flora of 302 species, including 233 mosses and 69 hepatics. This includes about 45% of the known bryoflora of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region. The park bryophyte flora is dominated by boreal species and has lesser representation of temperate and arctic-alpine species. About 73% of the park flora belongs to the boreal distributional element and two-thirds of these species are circumboreal or widespread in the boreal biome of the northern hemisphere. The flora is youthful and all species have colonized the islands within the last 7000 years. Most of the Mingan species probably originated from populations that survived during the last glaciation in sites south of the icesheet margin. However, many species could have migrated to the islands from nearby réfugia within the Gulf of St. Lawrence region where they were able to survive the glaciation in situ. These refugial species include many of the arctic-alpine and montane species found in the park. Key words: Mingan Islands, bryophytes, diversity, glaciation.

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Rigby, J. Keith, Godfrey S. Nowlan, and Peter A. Rowlands. "A new occurrence of Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler) from the Ordovician of western Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-014.

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A few specimens of the ornate anthaspidellid demosponge, Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler), have been collected from the Lower Ordovician Outram Formation or Skoki Formation, from a saddle at the head of South Rice Brook in northeastern British Columbia. This is the first report of the flanged-appearing annulate, steeply obconical sponge in western Canada, although it has been reported from the Mingan Islands of Quebec and was initially described from Nevada, in the western United States. The taxon has also been reported as other species of Archaeoscyphia from Ordovician rocks of Missouri and from the San Juan region of Argentina.

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Hofmann, H. J., and T. E. Bolton. "Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) trilobite Bathyurus angelini Billings 1859 from the Carillon Formation (uppermost Beekmantown Group) at Kahnawake, Quebec, and correlative trilobites from eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-081.

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Shaly carbonate beds at the top of the Beekmantown Group in the Montreal area contain a shallow-water, nearshore fauna of the trilobite Bathyurus angelini Billings, the ostracod Isochilina sp., and poorly preserved conodonts of probable Whiterockian age. The assemblage is compared with faunas in peritidal carbonates of the upper Aguathuna and lower Table Point formations of western Newfoundland containing the trilobite Bathyurus perplexus Billings, ostracods, brachiopods, and a well-developed conodont fauna of early Whiterockian (late Arenig to early Llanvirn) age. Additionally, key Whiterockian brachiopods from the Romaine Formation of the Mingan Islands are here illustrated for the first time.

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Naud, Marie-José, Bernard Long, Jean-Claude Brêthes, and Richard Sears. "Influences of underwater bottom topography and geomorphology on minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) distribution in the Mingan Islands (Canada)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 4 (August 2003): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008002h.

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Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) distribution was derived from a 12 year observation programme in the Mingan Islands (Canada) and related to three geological features of the sea-floor: maximum depth, topography and geomorphology. Minke whale distribution was not uniform nor random in relation to maximum depth and topography, however, no evident trend was found. The most prominent factor was the presence of underwater sand dunes, where significantly more minke whales were observed than on any other bottom types. Because sand dunes are the favoured habitat of the minke whale major prey in the study area, an indirect link between minke whale distribution, geomorphology and substrate type is suggested.

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Simard, Isabelle, Hubert Morin, and Bruno Potelle. "A new paleoecological approach to reconstruct long-term history of spruce budworm outbreaks." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-215.

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A new paleoecological indicator was used for retracing the long-term history of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks from forest humus. Macrofossil analyses were performed on 28 forest soil profiles (1020 cm) collected in four balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands located north of Lake Saint-Jean, Quebec. Direct evidence of the presence of spruce budworm was found. Few pupa fragments were present in the profiles, but the most abundant and well-preserved macrofossils collected were spruce budworm feces. The feces found were associated in part with the three outbreaks that occurred during the last century around 1914, 1952, and 1979. Good correspondence was obtained between the macrofossil results and the known dynamics of two stands, Lib20 and Lib23. However, the method failed to detect specific outbreaks in the other two stands, Lib21 and Lib24. A complementary macrofossil study was conducted on deeper humus profiles (4770 cm) collected on two islands of Mingan Archipelago. The outbreak history of the last century was retraced, and it was established that spruce budworm was present in the Mingan Archipelago since at least 1520 years BP. The greatest numbers of spruce budworm feces were found in the first 20 cm of the humus profiles corresponding approximately to the 20th century period. Afterward, an important reduction in numbers of feces was observed. This may be attributable to lower levels of spruce budworm populations before the 20th century or the intensification of decomposition with increasing humus depth.

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Cabanac, A., and J. H. Himmelman. "Population structure of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma in the subtidal zone of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-079.

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We examined changes in populations of Echinarachnius parma with depth on subtidal sediment slopes in the Mingan Islands. Size distributions showed the presence of two major groups measuring 1–21 and 37–62 mm in length, respectively. Intermediate-sized sand dollars were rare. Juveniles (< 28 mm in length) were extremely abundant at 16 and 20 m depth (460–660/m2) and decreased in number with decreasing depth, whereas the density of adults was relatively stable at different depths. Juveniles were more frequently buried (95%) than adults (30%). Analysis of growth lines and of shifts in juvenile cohorts indicated that growth rate increased with size up to a maximum between 20 and 40 mm and then decreased sharply. The bimodal size structure is possibly due to the accelerated growth rate at intermediate sizes. We hypothesize that sand dollars move to shallower water with increasing size to take advantage of food resources, possibly benthic diatoms, which are more abundant there. Large individuals are probably better adapted than juveniles to exploiting shallower water because they are less likely to be transported by water turbulence.

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Arsenault, David J., Martin C. Giasson, and John H. Himmelman. "Field examination of dispersion patterns of juvenile Iceland scallops (Chlamys islandica) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 3 (June 2000): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002198.

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The movement of juvenile Iceland scallops, Chlamys islandica, was quantified in an inshore bed in the Mingan Islands, northern Gulf of St Lawrence, to examine whether the size partitioning over depth in this location, increasing scallop size with depth, results from a gradual downslope movement as scallops increase in size. Scallops of 30.0-44.9 mm and 45.0-59.9 mm in shell height were collected using SCUBA, tagged, and released in the centre of two 0.4-km2 grids at 15 m in depth. After 7 d and 48 d, the net distance moved by the scallops from the release points did not vary between the two size groups but varied significantly between grids. The majority of scallops (70-94%) moved downslope and the mean movement vectors were not orientated in the direction of tidal currents, but rather towards increasing depth. The downslope movement of the scallops was possibly explained by more prolonged swimming bouts when scallops swam downslope. The results suggest that the spatial size partitioning of Iceland scallops at this location is caused by a gradual downslope movement as the scallops increase in size. This study provides the first experimental evidence supporting the controversial hypothesis of recruitment into adult scallop populations involving swimming of juveniles from nursery areas.

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Gaymer, Carlos F., John H. Himmelman, and Ladd E. Johnson. "Distribution and feeding ecology of the seastars Leptasterias polaris and Asterias vulgaris in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 5 (October 2001): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004660.

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Extensive field observations were made in the Mingan Islands, northern Gulf of St Lawrence, to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the use of habitat and prey resources by two major subtidal predators, the seastars Leptasterias polaris and Asterias vulgaris. Although both seastars have similar size structures and generally overlapped in their spatial and temporal distribution, the degree of overlap varied in different sites and appeared to be related to prey abundance, substratum type and slope. Three general patterns were observed: (1) both species aggregating in shallow water and decreasing in numbers with depth; (2) the two species showing inverse depth distributions; and (3) both seastars occurring in low numbers across the subtidal zone. Temporal changes in availability of the preferred prey of the two seastars, the mussel Mytilus edulis, appeared to be a major factor affecting their abundance and distribution. The two seastars occurred together in dense aggregations on mussel beds in shallow water. They consume similar-sized mussels until the number of mussels becomes reduced when A. vulgaris, but not L. polaris, begins to select larger mussels. Once a mussel bed is decimated, the seastars appear to move away, possibly in search of other beds. Intensive seastar foraging limits the distribution of mussels to a few metres in depth. Below the mussel zone, the two seastars are spatially segregated at a small spatial scale (1 m2 quadrat) and select different alternative prey, L. polaris feeding mainly on the crevice-dwelling clam Hiatella arctica and A. vulgaris on the ophiuroid Ophiopholis aculeata. The size partitioning of the preferred prey in shallow water, and spatial segregation and selection of different alternative prey at greater depths may reflect mechanisms permitting the two seastars to coexist.

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11

Bertrand, Rudolf. "Maturation thermique et histoire de l'enfouissement et de la génération des hydrocarbures du bassin de l'archipel de Mingan et de l'île d'Anticosti, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-075.

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Carbonate platform sequences of Anticosti Island and the Mingan Archipelago are Early Ordovician to Early Silurian in age. With the exception of the Macasty Formation, the sequences are impoverished in dispersed organic matter, which is chiefly composed of zooclasts. Zooclast reflectances suggest that the Upper Ordovician and Silurian sequences outcropping on Anticosti Island are entirely in the oil window but that the Lower to Middle Ordovician beds of the Mingan Archipelago and their stratigraphic equivalents in the subsurface of most of Anticosti Island belong to the condensate zone. Only the deeper sequences of the southwestern sector of Anticosti Island are in the diagenetic dry-gas zone. The maximum depth of burial of sequences below now-eroded Silurian to Devonian strata increases from 2.3 km on southwestern Anticosti Island to 4.5 km in the Mingan Archipelago. A late upwarp of the Precambrian basement likely allowed deeper erosion of the Paleozoic strata in the vicinity of the Mingan Archipelago than on Anticosti Island. Differential erosion resulted in a southwestern tilting of equal maturation surfaces. The Macasty Formation, the only source rock of the basin (total organic carbon generally > 3.5%, shows a wide range of thermal maturation levels (potential oil window to diagenetic dry gas). It can be inferred from the burial history of Anticosti Island sequences that oil generation began later but continued for a longer period of geologic time in the northeastern part than in the southeastern part of the island. Oil generation was entirely pre-Acadian in the southern and western parts of Anticosti Island, but pre- and post-Acadian in the northern and eastern parts.

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MacDonald, Colin. "Problems of the Twelfth Century BC in the Dodecanese." Annual of the British School at Athens 81 (November 1986): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020116.

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Three islands of the Dodecanese (Rhodes, Kos, and Kalymnos) have produced a substantial amount of published evidence which sheds light on population fluctuations and external relations during the twelfth century BC. The burial evidence from the Ialysos cemeteries indicates that the population may have increased fivefold after LH IIIB. A corresponding decrease may have occurred in southern Rhodes indicating a synoecism of the island. If this is so, the reasons may be related to the increasing prosperity of the main town, Ialysos. This is a period of regional diversity. Distinctive island pottery styles developed under marked Minoan influence. However, mainland influence was stronger, broader, and more constant. None of these islands appears to have contributed to the development of IIIC styles elsewhere nor actively participated in maritime trade. Rhodes and Kos acquired objects from the east Mediterranean and Europe. At this time, there is evidence for a revival of sea travel within and beyond the Aegean. Rhodes, in particular, benefited from this but may primarily have been a passive recipient. The resulting prosperity could have been one factor which drew people to the area of Ialysos in a process of synoecism.

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Trájer, Attila J. "A modelling approach to the investigation of the effects of the Minoan supervolcanic eruption on Aegean sand fly diversity." Holocene 31, no. 10 (June 23, 2021): 1593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211025971.

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The late Bronze Age eruption of the Thera volcano was among the largest eruptions of the Holocene era. This catastrophic event might perish all organisms from the ancient Santorini and could seriously impact the sand fly fauna of the Aegean islands. To investigate these effects, the survival possibility of the sand fly fauna in the Santorini islands and the biogeographic investigation of the sand fly fauna of eleven Aegean islands were conducted. It was found that only the south and east slopes of the massifs of Thira could provide refuge for sand fly populations. The expression-based heat map of the Jaccard coefficient matrix data showed that the Santorini islands and their neighbouring Anafi, Folegandros had clearly different z-score patterns compared to the other islands. It could be a late sign of the devastating effect of the Minoan eruption and/or the consequence of the distance of these islands from the mainland. Neither the glacial seashore patterns nor the geographic-climatic conditions can explain the present sand fly fauna of the Aegean Archipelago. If the sand fly populations of ancient Santorini survived the Minoan cataclysm, it could indicate that the environmental tolerance and the resilience of the sand fly populations can be high, and local geological and geomorphological conditions can play a greater role in the survival of sand fly species than previously assumed.

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Angelakis, A. N., and S. V. Spyridakis. "Major urban water and wastewater systems in Minoan Crete, Greece." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.091.

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During the Minoan era a number of remarkable developments occurred on the Greek island of Crete which have been widely recognized. However, one of the salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply, sewerage, and drainage systems in the Minoan palaces, cities, and other settlements. It might be inferred, therefore, that Minoan master craftsmen in Bronze Age Crete were aware of some of the basic principles of what we call today water and environmental technologies. The scope of this study is the presentation of the most characteristic examples of extant hydraulic works and related hydro-technologies in Minoan Crete. During Minoan times the focus of water management was on sustainable, small-scale safe, cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly practices which might be relevant today, as the water supply and wastewater management problems of modern societies are not very different from those faced by Minoans.

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Rickart, Eric A., Danilo S. Balete, Robert M. Timm, Phillip A. Alviola, Jacob A. Esselstyn, and Lawrence R. Heaney. "Two new species of shrew-rats (Rhynchomys: Muridae: Rodentia) from Luzon Island, Philippines." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 1112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz066.

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Abstract The murine genus Rhynchomys includes the large-bodied Philippine “shrew-rats,” highly specialized members of the vermivorous clade of Philippine murids. Four species are recognized, all of which are endemic to Luzon Island: R. soricoides from mountains within the Central Cordillera, R. isarogensis from Mt. Isarog on the Bicol Peninsula, R. banahao from Mt. Banahaw in south-central Luzon, and R. tapulao from Mt. Tapulao in the Zambales Mountains. Field surveys in 2006 and 2008 revealed two additional populations of Rhynchomys, one from Mt. Labo (1,544 m), a dormant stratovolcano at the base of the Bicol Peninsula, the other from Mt. Mingan (1,901 m), the highest peak in the central Sierra Madre of east-central Luzon. Assessment of external and craniodental features of available specimens from throughout Luzon support our description of the populations on Mt. Labo and Mt. Mingan as new species. All species of Rhynchomys are restricted to high-elevation, montane, and mossy forest habitats, separated by intervening lowlands. These discoveries highlight the importance of isolated highland areas in the historical diversification of Southeast Asian murines, and as current centers of endemism.

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Jones, Glynis. "Ancient and modern cultivation of Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. in the Greek islands." Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (November 1992): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015124.

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A pulse from Late Minoan Knossos, Crete, is identified as cf. Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. L. ochrus is grown today, for food or fodder, on the islands of Karpathos and Evvia (Euboea). This paper underlines the extent of crop diversity in both prehistoric and recent Greek agriculture.

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Angelakis, A. N., Y. M. Savvakis, and G. Charalampakis. "Aqueducts during the Minoan Era." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.011.

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In this paper several archaeological, historical and other aspects of aqueducts in Minoan era are reviewed. During the Middle Bronze Age a “cultural explosion”, unparalleled in the history of other ancient civilizations, occurred on the island of Crete. One of the salient characteristics of that cultural development was the architectural and hydraulic function of aqueducts used for water supply in “palaces” and cities. Usually aqueducts were collecting water from springs located apart from the settlements. The Minoan hydrologists and engineers were aware of some of the basic principles of what we call today principles and practices of water sciences with emphasis on the construction and operation of aqueducts. The description of selected Minoan aqueducts could justify that Minoans could be considered as pioneers in those technologies.

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Velegrakis, George, Charalambos Skoulakis, John Bizakis, John Segas, and Emmanuel Helidonis. "Otorhinolaryngological diseases in the minoan era." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 10 (October 1993): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100124697.

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AbstractMinoan civilization was one of the civilizations of the past and flourished in the island of Crete between the years 2600 B.C. and 1100 B.C. Archaeological excavations brought to the light buildings and items, showing that the Minoans had an extensive knowledge about hygiene and health matters.Among the items were idols, depicting anatomical parts of the human body and different pathological changes. These idols were offered by suffering people to gods and goddesses in order to beg for their help in curing them.In a study carried out on idols kept in the Heraklion Museum, a number of interesting anatomical details and pathological changes, concerning the head and neck area were recognized.

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PARASKEVAS, Melissinos, Demitris PARADISSIS, Konstantinos RAPTAKIS, Paraskevi NOMIKOU, Emilie HOOFT, and Konstantina BEJELOU. "Gravity observations on Santorini island (Greece): Historical and recent campaigns." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 51, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/congeo.2021.51.1.1.

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Santorini is located in the central part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc (South Aegean Sea) and is well known for the Late-Bronze-Age “Minoan” eruption that may have been responsible for the decline of the great Minoan civilization on the island of Crete. To use gravity to probe the internal structure of the volcano and to determine whether there are temporal variations in gravity due to near surface changes, we construct two gravity maps. Dionysos Satellite Observatory (DSO) of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) carried out terrestrial gravity measurements in December 2012 and in September 2014 at selected locations on Thera, Nea Kameni, Palea Kameni, Therasia, Aspronisi and Christiana islands. Absolute gravity values were calculated using raw gravity data at every station for all datasets. The results were compared with gravity measurements performed in July 1976 by DSO/NTUA and absolute gravity values derived from the Hellenic Military Geographical Service (HMGS) and other sources. Marine gravity data that were collected during the PROTEUS project in November and December 2015 fill between the land gravity datasets. An appropriate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with topographic and bathymetric data was also produced. Finally, based on the two combined datasets (one for 2012–2014 and one for the 1970s), Free air and complete Bouguer gravity anomaly maps were produced following the appropriate data corrections and reductions. The pattern of complete Bouguer gravity anomaly maps was consistent with seismological results within the caldera. Finally from the comparison of the measurements made at the same place, we found that, within the caldera, the inner process of the volcano is ongoing both before, and after, the unrest period of 2011–2012.

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Angelakis, A. N., and D. S. Spyridakis. "A brief history of water supply and wastewater management in ancient Greece." Water Supply 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.105.

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The evolution of urban water management in ancient Greece begins in Crete during the Middle Bronze and the beginning of the Late Bronze Ages (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages as Minoan civilization flourished on the island. One of its salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply and sewerage systems in the Minoan Palaces and several other settlements. These technologies, though they do not give a complete picture of water supply and wastewater and storm water technologies in ancient Greece, indicate nevertheless that such technologies have been used in Greece since prehistoric times. Minoan water and wastewater technologies were diffused to the Greek mainland in the subsequent phases of Greek civilization, i.e. in the Mycenaean, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. The scope of this article is the presentation of the most characteristic forms of ancient hydraulic works and related technologies and their uses in past Greek civilizations.

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Khan, S., E. Dialynas, V. K. Kasaraneni, and A. N. Angelakis. "Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124897.

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This review evaluates Minoan and Indus Valley hydro-technologies in southeastern Greece and Indus Valley Pakistan, respectively. The Minoan civilization first inhabited Crete and several Aegean islands shortly after the Late Neolithic times and flourished during the Bronze Age (ca 3200–1100 BC). At that time, the Minoan civilization developed fundamental technologies and reached its pinnacle as the first and most important European culture. Concurrently, the Indus Valley civilization populated the eastern bank of the Indus River, its tributaries in Pakistan, and the Ganges plains in India and Nadia (Bangladesh), spreading over an area of about one million km2. Its total population was unknown; however, an estimated 43,000 people resided at Harappa. The urban hydro-technologies, characteristics of a civilization can be determined by two specific aspects, the natural and the social environment. These two aspects cover a variety of factors, such as climate and social conditions, type of terrain, water supply, agriculture, water logging, sanitation and sewerage, hygienic conditions of communities, and racial features of the population. Therefore, these factors were used to understand the water resources management practices in early civilizations (e.g., Minoan and Indus Valley) and similarities, despite the large geographic distance between places of origin. Also discussed are the basic principles and characteristics of water management sustainability in both civilizations and a comparison of basic water supply and sanitation practices through the long history of the two civilizations. Finally, sustainability issues and lessons learned are considered.

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Tema, E., S. Pavlides, and D. Kondopoulou. "Late bronze age pottery as indicator of the deposition temperatures of the Minoan pyroclastic products, Santorini, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10904.

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The Minoan eruption of Santorini volcano (Greece) took place in the Late Bronze Age (17th century BC) and produced a great volume of volcanic products that covered the whole island and buried every human settlement under meters of pyroclastic deposits. In this study we used thermal analysis of the magnetic remanence carried by pottery fragments buried under the pyroclastic deposits in order to estimate the thermal effect of the Minoan volcanic products on the pre-eruption habitation level. A total of 70 samples, prepared from 45 independent pottery fragments, have been studied. Samples were collected from three different sites, situated at the southern part of the island. Stepwise thermal demagnetizations reveal that the pottery fragments generally carry a two-component remanent magnetization. Interpretation of the demagnetization results using the normalised intensity decay curves and the orthogonal projection diagrams indicates that most samples were re-heated at temperatures around 160-260o C. The obtained results represent the equilibrium temperatures reached after the deposition of the pyroclastic fall and show that the pyroclastic fall deposits at distances around 6 to 9 km from the eruption vent were still hot enough to reheat the buried pottery at such temperatures.

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Warren, Peter, Jan Driessen, and Colin MacDonald. "The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete before and after the Santorini Eruption." American Journal of Archaeology 105, no. 1 (January 2001): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/507339.

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Balitsari, Anthi, and John K. Papadopoulos. "A MIDDLE HELLADIC TOMB IN THE ATHENIAN KERAMEIKOS AND SOME THOUGHTS ON THE EARLY CONNECTIONS OF ATTICA." Annual of the British School at Athens 114 (July 4, 2019): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245419000054.

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This paper focuses on a presentation and discussion of the solitary Middle Helladic tomb found in the Athenian Kerameikos. Our purpose is twofold: first of all, to present in detail the tomb offerings that we were able to relocate, and to suggest a MH I date for the burial. Secondly, given the significant presence of ceramic imports from various Aegean islands, we outline the connectedness that Attica enjoyed at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. This is a story that involves not just Athens, but Aigina, the Argolid, and Minoan Crete, as well as the much sought-after metal ores of Laurion.

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de Ignacio, C., M. Muñoz, and J. Sagredo. "Carbonatites and associated nephelinites from São Vicente, Cape Verde Islands." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 2 (April 2012): 311–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.05.

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AbstractThe island of São Vicente has the most abundant carbonatite outcrops in the Cape Verde Islands. A field survey of the main outcrops has shown that they consist of extrusive carbonatites, carbonatite dykes and small apophyses of intrusive carbonatite. These outcrops are spatially related to nephelinites. The compositions of the extrusive carbonatites and dykes plot close to, and within, the magnesiocarbonatite field. In contrast, the intrusive carbonatites are calciocarbonatites, with similar average strontium contents to those of extrusive carbonatites and dykes (around 4000 ppm), but remarkably low barium, niobium and total rare earth element concentrations. Whole-rock geochemistry indicates a strong affinity between the nephelinites and intrusive carbonatites, such that the latter could represent fractionation products of the same parental magma. This is in agreement with radiogenic isotope geochemistry, which shows a very restricted range of compositions in the Sr, Nd and Pb systems. Fractionation from a common parental magma occurred in two main steps: high-temperature nephelinite crystallization and high-temperature carbonatite immiscibility. The carbonatitic melts crystallized in two different environments, as follows: (1) a shallow intrusive environment, giving rise to the early calciocarbonatite cumulates; and (2) a vapour-dominated, extrusive environment, producing the later magnesiocarbonatites.

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Bevan, Andrew, Evangelia Kiriatz, Carl Knappett, Evangelia Kappa, and Sophia Papachristou. "Excavation of Neopalatial deposits at Tholos (Kastri), Kythera." Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (November 2002): 55–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017342.

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Several rock-cut features, exposed on the surface of a trackway in the Tholos area of Kastri, Kythera, were excavated in July–August 2000 as a synergasia between Kythera Island Project and 2nd Ephoria of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. Although the surviving deposits were extremely shallow, they produced large quantities of conical cups and other pottery of Late Minoan I date. Further comparative analysis of the features themselves and their finds suggests that these are the remains of tomb chambers similar to those excavated in the area in the 1960s. These tombs and their assemblages show extremely strong cultural connections with Crete, but also idiosyncrasies that probably reflect the particular mortuary customs of the island.

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McLaughlin, Patrick I., Poul Emsbo, André Desrochers, Alyssa Bancroft, Carlton E. Brett, John F. Riva, Wayne Premo, et al. "Refining 2 km of Ordovician chronostratigraphy beneath Anticosti Island utilizing integrated chemostratigraphy." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 8 (August 2016): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0242.

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New high-resolution chemostratigraphy, in combination with updated biostratigraphy, refines the chronostratigraphic resolution of the nearly 2 km thick Ordovician section below Anticosti Island. A total of 1414 horizons, spaced at 1.0–1.5 m intervals, were sampled from the New Associated Consolidated Paper (NACP) drill core and analyzed for major and trace elemental composition by portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer (pXRF). Select micrite and calcareous shale powders were then analyzed for δ13Ccarb (number of samples, N = 364) and 87Sr/86Sr (N = 25). Our results indicate a Floian to early Darriwilian (F3–Dw1) age for the Romaine Formation, a middle Darriwilian to Sandbian (Dw2–Sa1) age for the Mingan Formation, a lower to mid-Katian (Ka1–Ka2) age for the Macasty Formation, an upper Katian (Ka3) age for the lower Vauréal Formation, an uppermost Katian (Ka4) age for the upper Vauréal, and a Hirnantian (H1) age for the Ellis Bay Formation. This integrated chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic synthesis establishes the position of numerous unconformities, the duration of the intervening depositional sequences, and rates of sedimentation.

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Marketou, Toula, Efi Karantzali, Hans Mommsen, Nikos Zacharias, Vasilis Kilikoglou, and Alexander Schwedt. "Pottery Wares from the Prehistoric Settlement at Ialysos (Trianda) in Rhodes." Annual of the British School at Athens 101 (November 2006): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400021274.

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Among the vast amount of pottery yielded from the Late Bronze Age settlement of Ialysos (Trianda) on Rhodes, 233 samples have been selected for chemical analysis by means of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) at the Bonn Laboratory. Thus, a rather comprehensive new data-base for pottery assemblages from Rhodes and other related production centres has been provided. Further evidence has been also suggested for the local mechanisms of pottery production and the patterns of continuity and changes from the LM IA, through to LMIB/LH IIA and LH IIB-III A1 to LH III A2/LH III B1 periods, in both the intra site and inter site relations of the island with Minoan Crete, the Greek mainland, the Argolid, Cyprus, and other eastern Mediterranean sites.The study sets the basis for further studies towards the identification of the rather complex system of the society of Ialysos and its interaction with some other yet unknown centers in the Aegean during the early stages of the Bronze Age and throughout the periods of the Minoan and Mycenaean expansion.

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Shi, Weian, Zhi Huang, and Jianyu Hu. "Using TPI to Map Spatial and Temporal Variations of Significant Coastal Upwelling in the Northern South China Sea." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061065.

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Based on Himawari-8 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data and the semi-automatic Topographic Position Index (TPI)-based mapping method, this study maps the significant coastal upwelling in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results show that the Minnan coastal upwelling mainly occurs within 100 km off the south coast of Fujian; the Yuedong coastal upwelling appears to the east of Pearl River Estuary, limited to the area shallower than 40 m; and the Qiongdong coastal upwelling occurs most frequently in the area shallower than 75 m off the east coast of Hainan Island. Based on the results, this paper quantitatively describes the temporal and spatial variations of upwelling duration, influence area, upwelling SST anomaly, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) increase. Different coastal upwelling regions in the NSCS are significantly different in characteristics. The Qiongdong coastal upwelling has the longest duration and occurs most frequently, the Yuedong coastal upwelling has the largest influence area and Chl-a increase, and the Minnan coastal upwelling is quite strong in the NSCS.

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Angelakis, A. N. "Evolution of rainwater harvesting and use in Crete, Hellas, through the millennia." Water Supply 16, no. 6 (May 21, 2016): 1624–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.084.

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The low water availability in several regions of southeastern Hellas and particularly in several islands, such as Crete, has resulted in the construction of various types of water reservoir for collection and storage of rainwater, since their very early habitation. Since then, technologies for the construction and use of several types of cisterns have been developed. In Crete during the Minoan era, water cisterns were very well practiced as a basic means for water supply in several settlements. The Minoan water cistern technologies were further developed, mainly by enlargement of the scale of water systems, at subsequent stages of the Hellenic civilizations. Furthermore, more advanced water cistern technologies were invented, with a peak during the Hellenistic period which followed Alexander the Great, during which time they spread over a geographical area from Hellas to the west and to the east. The Romans inherited the cistern technologies and further developed them mainly by changing their application scale from small to large. Characteristic paradigms of Cretan cisterns are considered which justify the significance of that technology for water supply in areas with low water availability during the whole Cretan history. Herein, nowadays climatic conditions and water resources management in Crete are presented and discussed.

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Papayiannis, Katerina. "The micromammals of Minoan Crete: human intervention in the ecosystem of the island." Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 92, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12549-012-0081-9.

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32

Giampaolo, T., and Kitselis Philippos. "Prometheus or Amirani. An updated study on the Pre-Greek substrate and its origins." Язык и текст 6, no. 3 (2019): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060307.

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In the late 80s and early 90s, Colin Renfrew presented his Anatolian hypothesis. According to him, the agrarian revolution begun in Anatolia, and from there, it spread out in Europe. He supposed that these farmers were carriers of the Proto-Indo-European language, but his theory had weak support from Indo-European linguists. Some questions then arise: What language(s) was introduced in the Ægean islands and mainland Greece by these early farmers? Can we figure out the affiliations of the Minoan language? A different agrarian hypothesis will be shown in these pages, unrelated to the Indo-European and Semitic language families. It instead is featuring a new language family that encompasses the Ægean, Anatolia, Caucasus and the Near East.

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Merousis, Nikos. "Changes in the economic and administrative organization of Crete in the Late Minoan II–III period: a new proposal." Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (November 2002): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017366.

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Following the destruction of Minoan palaces in LM I B, a new social reality emerged in Crete. Important economic and administrative changes occurred over a period of 250 years (LM II–III). Originally, a strictly centralized system was imposed by Knossos with the aim of securing authority over part of the island in LM II–III A 1. Later, in LMIII A 2 the economic and administrative system appears to have changed. This new system was decentralized and based on regional centres. Knossos was at the summit, a few powerful regional centres were subjects to the palace. In the LM III B period, after the final destruction of the palace of Knossos, the scene changes again. The economic system rested on independent regional centres of greater or smaller economic impact, which were scattered all over the island. The most important of these centres was undoubtedly Chania.

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34

Widom, E. "Os Isotope Systematics in the Canary Islands." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 2 (1994): 971–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.2.240.

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35

Perlman, Paula. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor: The Economies of Archaic Eleutherna, Crete." Classical Antiquity 23, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 95–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2004.23.1.95.

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AbstractAs with other aspects of post-Minoan Crete studies there has been a tendency to accept a pan-Cretan economic model. A Dorian aristocracy, served by pre-Dorian serfs and their descendants, depended upon the produce of their private kleroi for membership in an andreion and citizen status. The elite preserved their political, social, and economic position by discouraging the development of a market economy on Crete in favor of a subsistence economy based upon agriculture, animal husbandry, and hunting. Discouraged were production of coinage, elite display, and manufacture for export (both within and beyond the island). Specialist craftsmen and other kinds of wage earners were either foreigners or members of a dependent population.

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36

Theodorakopoulou, Katerina, Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos, Kostas Stamoulis, Magali Rizza, Constantin D. Athanassas, Roberto Sulpizio, and M. Cihat Alçiçek. "Chronological evidence for a pre-Minoan age of pyroclastic deposits on Anafi Island, Cyclades, Greece." Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews 1, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42990-019-00005-5.

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37

Kimata, Mitsuyoshi, Norimasa Nishida, Masahiro Shimizu, Shizuo Saito, Tomoaki Matsui, and Yoji Arakawa. "Anorthite megacrysts from island arc basalts." Mineralogical Magazine 59, no. 394 (March 1995): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.59.394.01.

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AbstractAnorthite megacrysts are common in basalts from the Japanese Island Arc, and signally rare in other global fields. These anorthites are 1 to 3 cm in size and often contain several corroded Mg-olivine inclusions. The megacrysts generally range from An94Ab4Ot2 to An89Ab6Ot5 (Ot: other minor end-members, including CaFeSi3O8, CaMgSi3O8, AlAl3SiO8, □Si4O8) and show no chemical zoning. They often show parting. Redclouded megacrysts contain microcrystals of native copper with a distribution reminiscent of the shape of a planetary nebula. Hydrocarbons are also present, both in the anorthite megacrysts and in the olivines included within them. Implications of lateral variations in the Fe/Mg ratio of the included olivines, in Sr-content and in Sr-isotope ratio of the anorthite megacrysts with respect to the Japanese island arc, relate to mixing of crustal components and subducted slab-sediments into the basaltic magmas.

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McConaghy, Mark. "Filaments in Time and Space: Lien Heng’s Elegant Words and the Linguistic Ecology of Taiwan in the 1930s." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 72–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-20201149.

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Abstract This article revisits the debate which occurred in the early 1930s regarding ‘Taiwanese Language Writing’ to argue that these discussions represented an extended interrogation of the linguistic ecology of the island: how written scripts and spoken sounds functioned in Taiwan to make meaning in relation to a larger environmental, animistic, and social whole. Set against the backdrop of this debate, the 1932 work Elegant Words by the famed intellectual Lien Heng stands out as an important text. Lien Heng’s vision of Minnan as a historically grounded yet broadly cosmopolitan language was a particularly enabling expression of Taiwanese consciousness, which presented an island that could face many directions at once, absorbing the textual signs of a deep Sinographic past while remaining vitally open to a complex and increasingly integrated world. Lien Heng’s cultural criticism presaged many of the debates about language, history, and identity that would take place in subsequent decades in Taiwan, and as such his work continues to have resonance today for thinking critically about Taiwan’s place in the modern world.

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Zeman-Wiśniewska, Katarzyna. "Re-evaluation of Contacts between Cyprus and Crete from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age." Electrum 27 (2020): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.20.001.12791.

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This article argues that it is possible to distinguish certain stages of development of the contact between Cyprus and Crete, from Early Bronze Age up to the LBA/EIA transition period. To thoroughly do that, areas in which the connections are most clearly expressed: written sources, pottery, copper trade and cult practice influences are discussed. Possible sea routes between two islands, direct and as a part of a major route between Aegean, Levant and Egypt are described. Discussed written sources include possible place-names connected with Cyprus/Alasia in linear scripts and usage of the so-called ‘Cypro-Minoan’writing. Examples of pots and sherds both Cypriot found in Crete and Cretan found in Cyprus are examined and possible copper trade (including lead isotope analysis) is considered. Further, alleged Minoan cult practice influences are thoroughly discussed. Finally all the above are chronologically reviewed and a course of development of contacts between Crete and Cyprus is proposed.

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40

Key, C. H. "Geochemistry of diorites and associated plutonic rocks of SE Jersey, Channel Islands." Mineralogical Magazine 51, no. 360 (June 1987): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1987.051.360.04.

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AbstractThe plutonic complex in SE Jersey consists of a late Precambrian gabbro-diorite mass which has been intruded by several granites. The status of the diorites which, like the gabbros, often possess a layered structure, is not clear. New geochemical data, including rare earth and trace element analyses, suggest that acid-basic magma mixing was not responsible for the variety of intermediate rocks. Amphibole-controlled fractional crystallization of hydrous basic magma is also unlikely in view of the REE and HFS (high field strength) element distribution. The model which best fits all the available field, petrographic and geochemical evidence is one in which the chemical variation was initially produced by fractional crystallization of anhydrous basic magma and subsequently overprinted by granitic metasomatism. This superimposed calc-alkaline characteristics on the complex and produced hybrid diorites which, because they were above their solidus temperature, recrystallized with textures indicative of a magmatic origin.

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Hodgson, N. A., and M. J. Le Bas. "The geochemistry and cryptic zonation of pyrochlore from San Vicente, Cape Verde Islands." Mineralogical Magazine 56, no. 383 (June 1992): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1992.056.383.06.

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AbstractZr-rich pyrochlore crystals in carbonatite from San Vicente (Cape Verdes Islands) show cryptic, concentric and rhythmic chemical zonation with Ca increasing and Ti, U and Zr decreasing towards the rims. In one carbonatite, taken from the Camile dyke, previously undocumented cryptic sector zonation of Ti, U and Zr is also observed in these crystals. The chemical variation is investigated by wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe, with both single spot and crystal map analyses.The concentric and rhythmic zonation, marked by element substitution, was generated by magma heterogeneity and/or element diffusion kinetics, but it is suggested that the sector zonation, marked by differential site substitution, was governed by protosite variation between octahedral and cubic faces.

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Kovalenker, V. A., O. Yu Plotinskaya, C. J. Stanley, A. C. Roberts, A. M. McDonald, and M. A. Cooper. "Kurilite – Ag8Te3Se – a new mineral from the Prasolovskoe deposit, Kuril islands, Russian Federation." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 3 (June 2010): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.3.463.

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AbstractKurilite, with the simplified formula, Ag8Te3Se, is a new mineral from the Prasolovskoe epithermal Au-Ag deposit, Kunashir Island, Kuril arc, Russian Federation. It occurs as aggregates up to 2 mm in size, composed of brittle xenomorphic grains, up to several μm in size, in quartz, associated with tetrahedrite, hessite, sylvanite and petzite. Kurilite is opaque, grey, with a metallic lustre and a black streak. Under plane-polarized light, kurilite is white with no observed bireflectance, cleavage, or parting observed. Under crossed polars it appears isotropic without internal reflections. Reflectance values in air and in oil, are tabulated. It has a mean VHN (25 g load) of 99.9 kg/mm2 which equates roughly to a Mohs hardness of 3. Electron microprobe analyses yield a mean composition of Ag 63.71, Au 0.29, Te 29.48, Se 5.04, S 0.07, total 98.71 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 12 atoms) is (Ag7.97Au0.02)Σ7.99Te3.00(Se0.86Te0.12S0.03)Σ1.01. The calculated density is 7.799 g/cm3 (based on the empirical formula and unit-cell parameters refined from single-crystal data). Kurilite is rhombohedral, R3 or , a 15.80(1), c 19.57(6) Å, V 4231(12)Å3, c:a 1.2386, Z = 15. Its crystal structure remains unsolved. The seven strongest lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.727(20)(131), 2.996(50)(232), 2.510(30)(226,422), 2.201(100)(128,416,342), 2.152(20)(603), 2.079(30)(253), 2.046(20)(336,434). The mineral is named after the locality.

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Ferrara, Silvia. "THE BEGINNINGS OF WRITING ON CRETE: THEORY AND CONTEXT." Annual of the British School at Athens 110 (October 1, 2015): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245415000088.

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This article examines the inception of writing on Crete in the second millenniumbcfrom a fresh methodological perspective. It aims to develop a synoptic understanding of the origin, purpose, experience, and significance of the earliest attestations of writing on the island, to investigate the context of its creation, and to explore the cultural triggers that underlie the application of writing in the context of Middle Minoan Crete. Three key points are considered: the problematic definition of early writing on Crete, the possible identification of the subject matter of the Cretan hieroglyphic inscriptions on sealstones, and the script's level of indebtedness to pre-existing models. These paths of investigation are also crucial points of departure for understanding the phenomenon of early writing in more general terms, from a multidisciplinary perspective that seeks to advocate a synergic collaboration between anthropology, archaeology, epigraphy and sociolinguistics.

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Bull, Ian D., Richard P. Evershed, and Phillip P. Betancourt. "An organic geochemical investigation of the practice of manuring at a Minoan site on Pseira Island, Crete." Geoarchaeology 16, no. 2 (2001): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6548(200102)16:2<223::aid-gea1002>3.0.co;2-7.

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45

Demartin, F., C. M. Gramaccioli, and I. Campostrini. "Demicheleite-(I), BiSI, a new mineral from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 1 (February 2010): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.141.

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AbstractDemicheleite-(I), ideally BiSI, is the iodine-dominant analogue of demicheleite-(Br) and demicheleite-(Cl). It was found in an active medium-temperature intracrateric fumarole at La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Aeolian archipelago, Sicily, Italy. The mineral is the first bismuth sulphoiodide so far discovered in a wholly natural environment, and corresponds to the already known synthetic compound. It occurs as acicular to stout, translucent crystals up to 0.25 mm long in an altered pyroclastic breccia, together with demicheleite-(Br), bismoclite, bismuthinite, godovikovite, panichiite, aiolosite, brontesite, adranosite and other new phases under study. The colour is dark red to black, the lustre submetallic. The unit cell is orthorhombic, space group Pnam, with a = 8.4501(7) Å, b = 10.1470(9) Å , c = 4.1389(4) Å , V = 354.88(4) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal habit is prismatic, with the main forms {110} and {111} inferred from analogy with demicheleite-(Br). Twinning was not observed. The strongest 6 lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [dobs.(Å) (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 6.490 (100) (110); 4.346 (94) (120); 3.896 (90) (210); 2.709 (60) (310); 2.161 (38) (330); 3.243 (22) (220). The chemical analysis obtained by WDS electron microprobe gave: Bi 58.32, S 9.43, I 23.69, Br 5.66, Cl 1.01, totalling 98.11 wt.%, corresponding to an empirical formula (based on 3 a.p.f.u.) of: Bi0.97S1.03(I0.65Br0.25Cl0.10)Σ1.00. The unit-cell data are close to those of the synthetic compound, whose crystal structure is already known. The calculated density is 6.411 g cm–3.

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Haysom, Matthew. "Crete (Iron Age to Hellenistic)." Archaeological Reports 59 (January 2013): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608413000100.

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This year, the newly-published material bookends nearly a decade of archaeological work on the island with ADelt covering work on Crete from 2001 to 2004 and the second volume of Archaiologiko Ergo Kritis showcasing work in the years immediately before 2010. Several of the more impressive discoveries from the beginning of the decade have been known to the wider archaeological community for some time, but their publication in ADelt allows us to discuss them in greater detail and in their broader context. Overall, this is an opportune time to look at how some of the fieldwork done between 2001 and 2010 might contribute to our view of post-Bronze Age Crete.The largest single contribution of the 2012–2013 reports to the Iron Age came in the form of the publication of the 2001–2004 seasons at the settlement site on Prophitis Elias hill near Smari (ID3655): an account that rounds out earlier notices for the 1999 and 2000 seasons (AR 53 [2006–2007] 107–08; ID1814). The site of Smari has entered the literature principally thanks to the megara with stone-lined hearths at their centre. The buildings have been interpreted as a ruler's dwelling, with some relationship to Cretan hearth temples, and as a locale for communal dining (Mazarakis-Ainian [1997] 220–21, 296; Prent [2007] 143; Sjogren [2007] 153; Wallace [2010] 112, 119). After a Middle Minoan occupation, the site's main period of use covers the whole of the Iron Age from Late Minoan IIIC through to the Orientalizing period, after which a small cult place remained in use through to the Classical period (fifth-to third-century BC figurines: Hatzi-Vallianou [2000]).

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Borisova, A. Yu. "Zirconium Enrichment in Alkaline Ocean Island Magmas." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 1 (1998): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.1.103.

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48

Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio, Ignacio Juarez, José Palacio-Grüber, Adrián Lopez-Nares, and Fabio Suarez-Trujillo. "The Northern Migrations from a drying Sahara (6,000 years BP): cultural and genetic influence in Greeks, Iberians and other Mediterraneans." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 484–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v15i2.5.

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Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA International Workshop data, which was studied some years before by us. This genetic input into Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe/Africa is also supported with Lineal Megalithic Scripts in Canary Islands (as well as in Iberia) together with simple Iberian semi-syllabary rock inscriptions both at Canary Islands and Ti-m Missaou (Algeria, Central southern Sahara). Lineal African/European scripts are found in some language scripts like Berber/Tuareg, Iberian, Runes, Etruscan, Bulgarian (Sitovo and Gradeshnitza, 6,000 years BP), Italian Old Scripts (Lepontic, Venetic, Raetic), Minoan Lineal A, and other Aegean scripts. The possibility that Megalithic Lineal Scripts have given rise to these languages lineal writing is feasible because admixture of languages rock scripts and Megalithic Lineal Scripts may be found. Thus, resistance of Canarian aborigines (Guanches) to Cartago, Rome and Arabs left a bulk of Canarian-Saharan information which is used to study both Saharan and Canarian Prehistory, and also Atlantic and Mediterranean beginning of European and other civilizations: this preserved prehistoric inheritance may be named the “Saharo-Canarian Circle” of prehistoric knowledge. Also, linguisticsepigraphy, physical anthropology ,archaeology and domesticated cattle shows a close North Africa-Iberia Mesolithic/Neolithic relationship and demonstrates that the demic diffusion model does not exist in Iberia. Also, Tassili Sahara paintings of domesticated cattle appear 1,000 years before that agricultural practices started at Middle East. Keywords: Greeks, Macedonians, Sahara, Africa, Iberia, HLA, Genetics, Spaniards, Portuguese, Berbers, Algerians, demic, diffusion, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Malta, Cart-ruts, Quesera, Cheesboard, Iberian, language, Guanche, Usko-Mediterranean, Phoenicians

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Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio, Ignacio Juarez, José Palacio-Grüber, Adrián Lopez-Nares, and Fabio Suarez-Trujillo. "The Northern Migrations from a drying Sahara (6,000 years BP): cultural and genetic influence in Greeks, Iberians and other Mediterraneans." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 15 (May 27, 2021): 484–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i15.5.

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Abstract:

Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA International Workshop data, which was studied some years before by us. This genetic input into Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe/Africa is also supported with Lineal Megalithic Scripts in Canary Islands (as well as in Iberia) together with simple Iberian semi-syllabary rock inscriptions both at Canary Islands and Ti-m Missaou (Algeria, Central southern Sahara). Lineal African/European scripts are found in some language scripts like Berber/Tuareg, Iberian, Runes, Etruscan, Bulgarian (Sitovo and Gradeshnitza, 6,000 years BP), Italian Old Scripts (Lepontic, Venetic, Raetic), Minoan Lineal A, and other Aegean scripts. The possibility that Megalithic Lineal Scripts have given rise to these languages lineal writing is feasible because admixture of languages rock scripts and Megalithic Lineal Scripts may be found. Thus, resistance of Canarian aborigines (Guanches) to Cartago, Rome and Arabs left a bulk of Canarian-Saharan information which is used to study both Saharan and Canarian Prehistory, and also Atlantic and Mediterranean beginning of European and other civilizations: this preserved prehistoric inheritance may be named the “Saharo-Canarian Circle” of prehistoric knowledge. Also, linguisticsepigraphy, physical anthropology ,archaeology and domesticated cattle shows a close North Africa-Iberia Mesolithic/Neolithic relationship and demonstrates that the demic diffusion model does not exist in Iberia. Also, Tassili Sahara paintings of domesticated cattle appear 1,000 years before that agricultural practices started at Middle East. Keywords: Greeks, Macedonians, Sahara, Africa, Iberia, HLA, Genetics, Spaniards, Portuguese, Berbers, Algerians, demic, diffusion, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Malta, Cart-ruts, Quesera, Cheesboard, Iberian, language, Guanche, Usko-Mediterranean, Phoenicians

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50

Barling, J. "Origin and Evolution of a High-Ti Ocean Island Basalt Suite: The Laurens Peninsula Series, Heard Island, Indian Ocean." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.29.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mingan Islands'

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