To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Minimum house.
Journal articles on the topic 'Minimum house'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Minimum house.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Primasetra, Anjar. "Studi Eksplorasi Desain Rumah Prafabrikasi Berdasarkan Bentuk Modul Komponen sebagai Alternatif Desain Rumah Sederhana." JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE (JAPPS) 2, no. 1 (2020): 001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36870/japps.v2i1.157.
Full textAbstract:
The needs for rapid housing construction has become a very important issue nowadays because of very high housing backlog. Housing construction in the community still use conventional construction systems that have many weaknesses, one of it weakness is the problem of delays in construction time that often occurs due to project managerial problems and poor HR capacity. One alternative for accelerating development is the usage of prefabrication method. Prefabrication method allows the creation of a system to speed up the house building construction is commonly called a prefabricated house. The prefabrication industry in Indonesia is less rapidly developing because its components tend to have rigid designs that make it unattractive, and the costs are relatively more expensive when compared to conventional house. There are four types that includes in prefabricated houses that have been known before, they are RISHA, RUMANAGA, DOMUS, and DUBLDOM. The four prefabricated houses have been assessed in terms of building components and design through industrial research and development. This research is aimed to conduct a study of exploration of prefabricated house design by evaluating the weaknesses of prefabricated houses, especially in terms of module shape and components. In addition, it also examines the minimum size of house area needed in fulfilling the size of a modest house according to a literature study from previous research. From the evaluation results, the prefabricated house design is then formulated in several design alternatives to look for the possibility designs that can be developed. From the results of the study, the size of the module developed to explore the design is to use modules with multiples of 30 cm with a minimum size of the module is 2.4 m x 2.4 m and the maximum size of the module is 3 m x 3 m. Meanwhile, for the area of the house building that was developed there were three alternatives area of the house chosen, they are: small type (28.8 m2), medium type (36 m2), large type (43.2 m2) with minimal house needs, they are: gathering space (living room/room family/kitchen), bedroom, service room (bathroom), and terrace. It is expected that the results of design exploration will be an alternative design for the development of simple home designs.
2
Bowley, Wesley, and Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CLIMATES ON A SHIPPING CONTAINER PASSIVE HOUSE IN CANADA." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 4 (2019): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.4.133.
Full textAbstract:
Passive House buildings with an annual energy demand of less than 15 kWh/m2a (i.e. kWh/m2 per annum) can help Canada and other countries achieve thermal comfort with minimum energy use and carbon footprint through meticulous design and selection of highly efficient building envelope elements and appliances. Shipping container based passive houses can reduce the cost of passive house construction and also promote recycling. In this paper, a passive house built using shipping containers, originally designed for Victoria, BC, Canada, is analyzed using Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software in different climactic zones of Canada. The locations under consideration are: Halifax (Cool–Temperate), Toronto (Cold–Temperate), Edmonton (Cold), and Yellowknife (Arctic–Climate). This paper critically examines the energy demand changes in various climate zones and make necessary modifications to the design to achieve passive house energy performance requirements in selected climates. Results show that with modified designs shipping container passive houses can meet passive house requirements, except in the Arctic–Climate of Yellowknife.
3
Mohammed, Noor Saleh, and Nasir Hussein Selman. "Real-time monitoring of the prototype design of electric system by the ubidots platform." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5568-5577.
Full textAbstract:
<span>In this paper, a prototype DC electric system was practically designed. The idea of the proposed system was derived from the microgrid concept. The system contained two houses each have a DC generator and load that consists of four 12 V DC lamps. Each house is controlled fully by Arduino UNO microcontroller to work in Island mode or connected it with the second house or main electric network. House operating mode depends on the power generated by its source and the availability of the main network. Under all operating cases, the minimum price of electricity consumption should satisfy as possible. Information between the houses about the operating mode and the main network state was exchanging wirelessly with the help of the RF-HC12. This information uploaded to the Ubidots platform by the Wi-Fi-ESP8266 included in the node MCU microcontroller. This platform has several advantages such as capture, visualization, analysis, and management of data. The system was examined for different cases to verify its working by varying the load in each building. All tested states showed that the houses transfer from one mode to another automatically with high reliability and minimum energy cost. The information about the main grid states and the sources of the houses were monitored and stored at the Ubidots platform.</span>
4
Yeap, Geok Peng, and Hooi Hooi Lean. "NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING SUPPLY AND HOUSE PRICE IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, no. 5 (2020): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.12343.
Full textAbstract:
The novelty of this paper is to ascertain a nonlinear relationship between housing supply and house price. This study is conducted based on panel dataset of four different types of houses in Malaysia from 2002Q3 through 2016Q4. Although housing supply has been theoretically assumed to be positively and linearly related to house price, we observed that the number of new houses build in Malaysia has declined despite the increasing house prices. Hence, we posit that housing supply and house price are nonlinearly related. The results from pooled mean group estimation show the existence of inverted U-shaped housing supply curve. The threshold level of house price index is found at 186.92 where the effect of house price on housing starts will become negative after this point. We also find that the marginal effects of house price evaluated at the minimum and maximum levels are positive and negative, respectively, and statistically significant. This paper suggests that the squared term of house price should be included in estimating housing supply in Malaysia. The evidence of inverted U-shaped housing supply curve in Malaysia shows that housing authorities have taken steps to overcome the challenges of oversupply by reducing the approvals for housing development projects.
5
Wisate, Chayanon, Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn, Thana Radpakdee, and Sorayut Winitchai. "Air Change Rate Efficiency Improvement for a Broiler House in a Minimum Ventilation Situation." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1178.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents an improvement of the air change rate efficiency for a closed system broiler house in minimum ventilation situation. The multi inlet system was installed in the broiler house in order to improve the air change rate. Two closed system broiler house, which were a 14x120x2.4 m3 rectangular cross-section, were used to test in the experiment. The experiment and simulation were conducted in order to know the air velocity, and the comparison of both results was done. From the experimental result, it was found that the air velocity of broiler house with the multi-inlets system was higher than the house without multi-inlets system. The mathematical simulation result was also showed the similar result with that of experiment. The multi-inlet system can increase the area, where the air velocity was in standard and above standard duration. Thus, the air change rate was increased from 0.26 to 0.29 air change/min for the broiler house.
6
Wentzel, M. "Quantifying benefits of energy efficient house design through monitoring of specified air quality and household energy activity." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 2 (2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i2a3236.
Full textAbstract:
Energy efficient building design aims to use passive design principles such as orientation, insulation, materials and surrounding area layout to minimise the need for active space heating or cooling. Implementation of the principles of energy efficient design in specifically low-cost houses delivered by government can have numerous benefits such as monetary savings, increased comfort and health indoor environments for homeowners and inhabitants. The project described here measured the indoor air quality of six energy efficient houses in two project areas as well as energy activity and potential benefits related to energy efficient house design. It was concluded that a small reduction in CO2 is achieved in an energy efficient house when compared with a conventional house. However, the reduction achieved is dependent on the type of fuel used for space heating. Overall, the energy efficient houses observed in the project were more comfortable and households spent less on space heating requirements than conventional houses. It is recommended that the principles of energy efficient design should be a minimum requirement in low-cost housing delivery.
7
Mangham, Charle A., and Sandra V. Kuprenas. "OPEN-SET MINIMUM AUDITORY CAPABILITY SCORES FOR HOUSE AND NUCLEUS COCHLEAR PROSTHESES." Otology & Neurotology 10, no. 4 (1989): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-198907000-00004.
Full text
8
Vattano, Starlight. "The Minimum House Designs of Pioneer Modernists Eileen Gray and Charlotte Perriand." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 2, no. 2 (2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.2-2-4.
Full text
9
Sultana, Shahana, and Nurul Islam Nazem. "Housing Affordability of Ready-made Garment Workers in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 2 (2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938581.
Full textAbstract:
Generally, it is assumed that the poor in cities cannot afford to own a house. Thus, real estate developers hardly consider them as potential buyers. Despite the fact that the government has framed favourable policies towards housing the poor, the poor cannot own houses due to the inadequacy of institutional supports. This study examines the affordability of owned or rental accommodation for the poor, taking ready-made garment (RMG) workers in Dhaka as a case in point. Data from across 138 households have been gathered for this study. The study shows that if the rent increases further than the minimum standard for a dwelling unit, then about half of the RMG households become unable to afford their rental houses. An analysis of home ownership shows that only 28 per cent of families can buy a house of 300 sq. ft. on the basis of existing loan structures, and only if the loan covers the total property value, particularly at the periphery of the city area. If the loan structure for housing finance is changed by lowering the interest rate and increasing the loan repayment period, then more workers would be able to afford to own a small house of moderate standard.
10
Slavin, Alexey, Sevada Grigoryan, Egor Popandopulo, and Aleksandra Balaeva. "Multi-storey wooden house building." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911001035.
Full textAbstract:
The study solves the following tasks: analysis of construction technologies that prevent environmental pollution, the development of wooden housing construction objects, the wooden housing construction strategy and the term of its implementation, and a comparison of Russian and international experience in the development of wooden housing construction. According to the results of the study, the technology of construction of multi-storey wooden houses can be a very promising component for improving the quality of life of the population, moreover, a priority from an economic point of view and effective for the development of facilities that contribute to the improvement and compliance with environmental safety requirements. The most effective type of construction in this industry is the construction of LVL timber and CLT panels. Minimum construction time, environmental friendliness and availability of this technology will accordingly improve the living conditions of the population and thus the overall environmental condition.
11
Burford, N. K., J. Thurrot, and A. D. Pearson. "Minimum Energy - Maximum Space: Higher-Density Attached Family Housing." Open House International 36, no. 3 (2011): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2011-b0007.
Full textAbstract:
In 2016 all new houses in England and Wales must be zero carbon. To date most work in zero carbon housing has been carried out on detached family housing typologies. Practice has shown that one of the overriding factors in the struggle to achieve zero carbon status (Code for Sustainable Homes Level 6) is the projected significant increase in construction cost. While grant funding can offset some of this increase, further costs savings will be required to allow developers to deliver affordable homes within reasonable profit margins. One result of this will be a reduction in design quality; which will impact on the quality of the spaces provided and the robustness and longevity of the construction and finishes. In order to deliver better design standards, higher density attached family housing models should be considered to ensure that a proportion of the projected increase in cost of the building fabric can be transferred to the internal volume of the house, thus achieving better quality living spaces. The following paper reviews the context for future housing provision in the UK and examines two existing medium density terraced housing developments. The existing examples reflect two contrasting approaches: one derived from low-energy principles utilising minimum space standards, the other reflecting the need for high quality spaces but at premium cost. A new medium density terrace model is proposed that deals with these conflicting demands to demonstrate that it is possible to provide affordable, high quality, higher density, family housing whilst meeting low energy targets.
12
Zabel, Jeffrey, and Maurice Dalton. "The impact of minimum lot size regulations on house prices in Eastern Massachusetts." Regional Science and Urban Economics 41, no. 6 (2011): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2011.06.002.
Full text
13
Lin, Xingjun, Ruihong Zhang, Shumei Jiang, Hamed M. El-Mashad, and Hongwei Xin. "Fan and Ventilation Rate Monitoring of Cage-Free Layer Houses in California." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 6 (2018): 1939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12831.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Ventilation rates were continuously monitored from 1 March 2012 to 13 May 2013 in two cage-free layer houses in California. The average number of brown Lohmann laying hens in each house was 33,300. Temperature, relative humidity, static pressure, and running status of 48 ventilation fans were continuously monitored and recorded every minute. Regression models were developed to relate house temperature and ventilation rate to inlet air temperature and to relate airflow rate to building static pressure (R2 = 0.98). Results showed that the daily mean ventilation rate per hen ranged from 1.91 to 8.72 m3 h-1 hen-1, averaging 4.49 ±1.53 m3 h-1 hen-1. The standard uncertainty of daily mean ventilation rate was determined to be 3.7%. The 91 cm and 130 cm fans were found to perform at 82% and 63% of the manufacturer-rated airflow rates, respectively. Minimum and maximum static pressures were 11.0 and 50.6 Pa, respectively, corresponding to 2 and 16 running tunnel fans. When the house temperature exceeded 30°C, an evaporative cooling system was activated, which could reduce the inlet air temperature by 6.3°C and concurrently increased the indoor air humidity ratio by 3.4 g per kg dry air. Cooling pad efficiency was 66%. The sidewall fans and tunnel fans were operated at 65% and 20%, respectively, of the total time when layers occupied the houses. A new rational formula for calculating dry base ventilation rate was developed based on the ratio of water vapor volume to moist air volume. The developed models and data collected in this research can be used to calculate the ventilation rates in cage-free layer houses to ensure the healthy conditions needed for laying hens. The models and data can also be used in the design of cage-free houses and in calculating emissions of air pollutants from these houses. Keywords: Cage-free laying hen house, Fan curve, Static pressure, Ventilation.
14
Ünal, Nilgün, Erhan Bal, Alper Karagöz, Belgin Altun, and Nadir Koçak. "Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in samples from broiler flocks and houses in Turkey." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68, no. 2 (2020): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2020.00024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is a global threat to public health. Knowledge about the occurrence of vanA-carrying enterococci in broiler and environmental samples is important as antibiotic resistance can be transferred to human bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of VRE in broiler cloacal and environmental (house) samples and to genotype the isolates. In this study, 350 swabs were collected from broiler farms. All samples were plated onto enterococcus selective agar containing 6 mg/L vancomycin and 64 mg/L ceftazidime. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for vancomycin and teicoplanin. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) was isolated from 6 out of 300 (2%) broiler cloacal samples and 13 out of 50 (26%) house samples. All E. faecium isolates had vanA genes. All VREfm isolates (19 isolates) were confirmed to be 95% similar to each other. In conclusion, although 20 years have passed since the ban on avoparcin in Turkey, the present study shows that VREfm isolates are still present in broiler production and especially in broiler houses, and most importantly, a major VREfm clone was isolated from broiler cloacal and house samples.
15
Beisenov, Arman Ziyadenovich. "Round dwellings of the saka epoch." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (2017): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761202.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the excavation materials from the settlement Tuyetas studied by the author on the territory of Karaganda Region, the characteristics of such a type of Saka dwellings as round houses are considered. According to archaeological research, on the territory of Kazakhstan rounded frame dwellings, along with rectangular, were commonly widespread in the Bronze Age. The frame house with round plan is known from the materials of Saka time Zhetysu (settlement Butakty-1). On the settlement Tuyetas on the excavated area of 408 square meters the remains of foundations of round houses and two annexes were revealed. The author suggests that it was the house of the yurt-shaped form with a powerful stone base with a minimum width of 1 m and a wooden top. The construction with the overall diameter of about 13 m had several rooms, extensive grounds which were also made of stone. One round room with a diameter of about 3-3,5 m was in the centre. Wooden poles on the frame walls of the room at the same time supported the upper structure of the house. Houses of round plan were opened at the Saka settlement Sarybuyrat, located near the settlement of Tuyetas. This type of construction is recorded in a number of other not yet studied settlements in Central Kazakhstan. The study of Saka settlements in Central Kazakhstan is at the initial stage. The source base should be broadened for a comprehensive analysis of many aspects, including features and types of dwellings.
16
Yukutake, Norifumi, and Yoko Moriizumi. "Credit constraints and the delay of homeownership by young households in Japan." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 1 (2018): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2017-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Japan has been suffering from a decline in the rate of young adults homeownership for a long time. The reduction of the homeownership rate for young adults suggests a delay of tenure transition from renting to owning a home. Such delays further imply that there is insufficient wealth accumulation and a low level of welfare. This paper examines these influences of the credit rationing and the credit rationing impact on the reduction in the young adults’ homeownership rate. Design/methodology/approach Credit rationing impacts the timing of house purchases and the value of the houses at the same time. This paper estimates these impacts jointly using a simultaneous equation system (minimum distance estimation) and the micro data on Japan. Findings This paper divides the effect of credit rationing on the timing into direct and indirect effects. The former is the rationing effect on timing, keeping the other variables constant, while the latter is the effect via changes in house values. This paper finds that the indirect effect reduces the rationing effect on the timing by decreasing house values. Furthermore, the results show that credit rationing delays home acquisition by prospective young owners (direct effect) and necessarily lowers the quality of houses they purchase. Originality/value In the previous papers, the endogeneity among the variables related to the housing purchase was not addressed. To separate the endogeneity of the timing from the house value, this paper applies the simultaneous equation model. Furthermore, this paper exhibits that there are direct and indirect effects of credit rationing on the timing of housing purchase made by young households. None of the previous papers recognize these two effects.
17
Antaryama, I. Gusti N., Sri N. N. Ekasiwi, Irvansyah, and Muhammad S. Ulum. "Daylight Performance of Colonial Houses in Surabaya." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704026.
Full textAbstract:
The present study explores and evaluates daylight performance of colonial houses in Surabaya. It is a prelimanary study that is aimed to further extent the knowledge regarding the daylight conditions in the colonial houses which is limited and previously arised only by small number of studies. Daylight condition of the building is collected through a field measurement which is conducted in four colonial houses in Surabaya during the dry season. The daylight factor of the building is then analyzed and evaluated to indicate the daylight performance of the houses. The study found that not all of the colonial houses under study were able to suffice the minimum daylight requirements for domestic activities. Good daylight performance can be achieved by the building design and the appropriate utilisation schedule of window. Design strategies used in the colonial house reflect the adapatability of the building to the warm humid climate of Surabaya.
18
Rai, Sumit, Mukta Tandon, Narendra Pal Singh, Vikas Manchanda, and Iqbal Rajinder Kaur. "Development, optimization, standardization, and validation of a simple in-house agar gradient method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 03 (2019): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_11_19.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends reporting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus. Commercial MIC strips are expensive, and the traditional broth microdilution method is cumbersome. With this background, we attempted to develop and standardize an in-house agar gradient method to determine MIC values of vancomycin for S. aureus. OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate an in-house vancomycin MIC strip, based on simple agar gradient method for S. aureus as per bioassay development guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filter paper gradient strips were made in house and impregnated with varying concentrations of vancomycin to create an antibiotic gradient. During standardization, MICs of ninety clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were tested by the broth microdilution and commercial strip followed by the in-house strip. During the validation stage, MICs of ninety different clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were determined by the in-house strip followed by MIC detection by broth microdilution and commercial strips. A reading of more than ± 1log2 dilution compared with broth microdilution was considered as an outlier. RESULTS: During the initial stage, there were 7/90 outliers in the clinical strains, and no outliers were seen with the ATCC 29213 control strain. Corrective action included increasing precaution during the antibiotic impregnation on the strip. During validation stage, only 4/90 outliers were observed in the clinical strains. The commercial strips had 29/90 among clinical and 15/30 outliers in the control strain during the prevalidation phase. Despite maintaining cold chain during the validation phase, the outliers for commercial strip were 18/90 and 4/30 for clinical and control strains, respectively. CONCLUSION: Reporting vancomycin MIC for S. aureus may be attempted using the in-house method after validating it with a gold standard broth microdilution method and quality control as per protocol.
19
Ahmad, Ahmad R. "The Issues of Residential House Systems and How to Make It More Sustainable Systems." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 9, no. 2 (2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a817.
Full textAbstract:
This paper highlighted a set of issues facing the residential house system and makes it unsustainable systems including: high energy consumption, high water demand, waste generation, and carbon dioxide emissions. The boundaries, inputs and outputs of residential house systems are displayed in detail and illustrated by modeling these systems for the purpose of understanding the relationships and interactions between these inputs and outputs and components of these systems. Thus, presenting a range of strategies that can be implemented to make residential house systems more sustainable and reduce the negative impacts of these systems on the environment and other sources such as water, energy and non-renewable resources to a minimum level.
20
Gašparovičová, Viera, and Rastislav Menďan. "Renewal of Panel Residential Houses from the Point of View of Energy Criterion." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.71.
Full textAbstract:
A complex renewal of residential houses is a renewal of flats and common areas of the house so that they meet effective regulations and standards. Most of the residential houses in Slovakia built during last sixty years fall into the category of panel systems. An important criterion for determination of the extent of renewal of panel residential houses is required specific energy need for heating (energy criterion) and proving of precondition of satisfaction of energy economy of a building (criterion of minimum requirement on energy economy of buildings). In connection with the effect of new standard STN 73 0540:2012, the requirements for building constructions and buildings changed. Therefore, the residential houses of panel systems were evaluated in this paper from the point of view of the energy criterion both in original state and after the renewal by adding thermal insulation on walls, roof and replacement of windows.
21
Chien, Yen-Chieh, and Jer-Chia Chang. "Net Houses Effects on Microclimate, Production, and Plant Protection of White-fleshed Pitaya." HortScience 54, no. 4 (2019): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13850-18.
Full textAbstract:
To evaluate the comprehensive response of commercial cultivation of the white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus ‘VN White’) under net house in Taiwan, experiments were conducted during the natural reproductive period (from June to Sept. 2016) with fruits grown within net houses (either 16 or 24 mesh insect-proof netting, without fruit bagging) or in an open field (the control, without netting, with fruit bagging). The effects of netting on microclimate, phenological period, flowering (floral bud emergence) of current and noncurrent cladodes (shoots) (2- to 3-year-old), fruit quality, market acceptability, pests and diseases control, and level of sunburn were investigated. Indoor solar radiation in the 16 and 24 mesh net houses were 78.12% and 75.03%, respectively, and the sunlight intensities [photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), μmol·m−2·s−1] were 76.03% and 73.00%, respectively, that of control. The maximum daily temperature for the 16 and 24 mesh net houses was greater than that of the control. However, there were no significant differences in daily average temperature, minimum temperature, or relative humidity (RH). The first flowering cycle (12 June 2016) and last flowering cycle (11 Sept. 2016) in both net houses were the same as those in the control. The accumulative flowering of current cladodes was unaffected by net covering, but that of noncurrent-year cladodes in both net houses was lower than that in the control. Although the L* and C* values of fruit color in the 16 and 24 mesh net houses were lower than those in the control, the fruits still had commercial value. The average fruit weight of the 16 mesh net house was significantly greater than that of the control. Average total soluble solid (TSS) content, TSS content at the fruit center, and titratable acidity were unaffected. In addition, the 16 mesh net house blocked some large pests without exacerbating disease or sunburn. Our findings suggest that 16 mesh net houses may be useful for white-fleshed pitaya cultivation during its natural reproductive period in subtropical Taiwan.
22
Oldham, Mika. "IF AT FIRST … UNDUE INFLUENCE AND THE HOUSE OF LORDS." Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 1 (2002): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302311504.
Full textAbstract:
THE House of Lords in Royal Bank of Scotland plc v. Etridge (No. 2) [2001] UKHL 44, [2001] 3 W.L.R. 1021 refined and reformulated the principles laid down in Barclays Bank plc v. O’Brien [1994] 1 A.C. 180. Among other things, Etridge sets out new minimum requirements for mortgagees who take third party security from wives or partners and for solicitors whose task it is in such cases to advise the surety.
23
Jacob, Flavia G., Marta dos S. Baracho, Irenilza de A. Nääs, Rafael Souza, and Douglas D’Alessandro Salgado. "The use of infrared thermography in the identification of pododermatitis in broilers." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 2 (2016): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n2p253-259/2016.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT International trade in broiler’ feet, mainly to Asian markets, has demanded better quality control. The objective of this research was to study the suitability of using chicken footpad surface temperature to determine early lesions of pododermatitis. The project was conducted in two houses A1 and A2) in a commercial farm during one production flock. A1 had reused litter of wood shavings and rice hulls, and A2 had a new litter of sawdust. Both houses had positive pressure ventilation. The inner area of the poultry was virtually divided into three quadrants. The footpads were checked for the feet quality, and a degree of pododermatitis was awarded. Thermal images were made to test the surface temperature of the foot and identify inflammation in a total of 30 birds per house, at ages 5, 19, 29, 28 and 40 days of grow-out. Conditions of the rearing environment as well as the surface temperature of the litter, litter moisture, and degree of compression, were recorded. The environment within the houses did not differ. The surface temperatures of the footpad did not differ between the groups. The minimum footpad surface temperatures within the scores were similar, except for the score 3, which did not occur in A1. There was a prevalence of severe injury in the house with a new litter.
24
Ruth, Kevin. "Favorable red and black on the integers with a minimum bet." Journal of Applied Probability 36, no. 03 (1999): 837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200017617.
Full textAbstract:
In a superfair red and black gambling house where the player must bet at least 2 units at each stage, a gambler wishes to maximize the probability of reaching a goal integer N before reaching zero. For win probability p &gt; 1/2, when N is even, an optimal strategy is to bet 3 units when you have 3 units or N − 3 units and to bet 2 units otherwise. When N is odd, there are two strategies which are optimal depending on the value of the win probability p. When p is smaller than a certain value, p *, the above strategy is optimal, and when p is larger than this value, the timid strategy is optimal.
25
Ruth, Kevin. "Favorable red and black on the integers with a minimum bet." Journal of Applied Probability 36, no. 3 (1999): 837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1032374638.
Full textAbstract:
In a superfair red and black gambling house where the player must bet at least 2 units at each stage, a gambler wishes to maximize the probability of reaching a goal integer N before reaching zero. For win probability p > 1/2, when N is even, an optimal strategy is to bet 3 units when you have 3 units or N − 3 units and to bet 2 units otherwise. When N is odd, there are two strategies which are optimal depending on the value of the win probability p. When p is smaller than a certain value, p*, the above strategy is optimal, and when p is larger than this value, the timid strategy is optimal.
26
Yuliandra, Berry, and Rini Syahfitri. "Algoritma Heuristik untuk Menentukan Biaya Crashing Minimum pada Project Network dengan Dua Jalur Kritis: Studi Kasus Proyek Produksi Electrical House oleh PT X." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 14, no. 2 (2016): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v14.n2.p259-278.2015.
Full textAbstract:
PT X is a company engaged in the production of the module, ship relay station (Electrical House)as well as oil and gas mining equipment. The company uses a project-based production system in the production process of that equipment. Type of project usually performed is the Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) project. EPC is a type of project that involves process engineering, material procurement, and products construction. PT X main product is a module or electrical house (E-House). Activities can be disrupted by a variety of conditions in the project implementation phase, such as weather and other unforeseen events. These conditions can hamper the process and affect the performance on the field.Activity scheduling and load out process which often suffer from delays caused project deadlines are often past the limit is given by the client. As in the case of E-House project examined in this study, its implementation has been delayed and should be accelerated for 8days. Therefore, the crashing project can greatly assist in adjusting the implementation plan with the actual condition. Crashing project analysis conducted based on project network diagram. The critical path is determined using Critical Path Method (CPM). Based on analysis results, project execution time can be shortened up to 8 days earlier. (From the normal time of 94 days to 86 days) at the cost $ 4.203.093,25.
27
MEINKE, SCOTT R. "Long-Term Change and Stability in House Voting Decisions: The Case of the Minimum Wage." Legislative Studies Quarterly 30, no. 1 (2005): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298005x201473.
Full text
28
BOSTAN, Ionel. "Review of the Book “Support for Establishing a Minimum Wage-Setting Mechanism in Romania”, Lumen Publishing House, 2017." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Economics & Administrative Sciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumeneas/5.1/22.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a review of the volume “Support for Establishing a Minimum Wage-Setting Mechanism in Romania”, published by Lumen Publishing House from Iași, Romania, in 2017, authored by Madalina Ecaterina Popescu, Eva Militaru, Dan Pele, Miruna Mazurencu Marinescu, Valentina Vasile, Simona Ilie, Adina Mihailescu, Adela Şerban.
29
Fauzi, Galih Husain, and Ermanto Fahamsyah. "PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KONSUMEN YANG TIDAK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT HAK MILIK SATUAN RUMAH SUSUN." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 2 (2019): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i2.2845.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is one of the countries that has large population. Development of public housing is tended in order that every family can occupy a public housing that is proper in healthful, secure, harmonious, and uniformed environment. The proper public house is a house construction that is fulfill safety regulation in its construction, suffice the minimum construction area, and give health for public house occupant. Realize of the statements, is needed for developing a construction public housing that can be occupied together in a public house building,that is devided in some parts separately, on vertical ar horizontal for every occupation. There is a lot of participants that is involved in developing a public house building, that is the developer as a participant for developing a public house building, owner, and the occupant as an organizer. The public house building certificate will be proven with a freehold public house building certificate for every occupant that is already fulfill the regulations as an owner in the public house building. Researcher has taken one of the case studies about the restraining of a freehold of public house building, with purpose of the case study is knowing a consumer protection legally toward the participant developer that is restraing a freehold public house building. Researcher solved this case study using the normative method that is supported an interview with related parties. Based on the research will be knowing that the regulation of a freehold public house building certificate does not applied clearly on the sanction of participant developer that is restraining a freehold public house building certificate on the time that is determined.
30
Vasiliu, A., Otilia Nedelcu, I. C. Sălişteanu, and O. Magdun. "Modern Concepts of Energy-Efficient Civil and Residential Buildings. Case Study: Analysis of a Residential Building According to Nzeb Criteria." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 21, no. 1 (2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2021-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The oil crisis, the measures taken because of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the ecological actions carried out globally and the technical progress in the fields of electronics, energy, IT and telecommunications have led to the emergence Passive House concepts in the construction sector, of Passive Solar Building (passive construction based on solar energy), of Net Zero-Energy Building NZEB, of Plus Energy Building, of nearly Zero Energy Building nZEB, of Low-Energy Building, of Green House, of Zero Carbon House, of Smart House, of Healthy buildings and other equivalents or derivatives. In this paper, these concepts will be cross-debated and the measures adopted at EU level and the influences exerted on the Romanian legislation on the field of civil and residential constructions will be presented. Based on a case study, a residential construction will be characterized, representative of the current housing stock, in order to assess the degree of compliance with the minimum requirements of a house with low energy consumption, imposed by Romanian legislation in the field.
31
Pereira, Priscilla A., Tadayuki Yanagi Junior, Joaquim P. da Silva, Renato R. de Lima, Alessandro T. Campos, and Lucas H. P. Abreu. "Technical evaluation of artificial ligthing systems for broiler houses." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 6 (2012): 1011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000600002.
Full textAbstract:
The spatial distribution of illuminance and the electric consumption of artificial lighting system is one of the main problems related to broiler production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of luminance level and energy efficiency of different lighting systems for broiler houses. Six types of lamps were tested in two different configurations to find the minimum illuminance of 20 and 5 lux. The tested lamps were incandescent (IL) 100 W, compact fluorescent (CFL) 34 W, mixed (ML) 160 W, sodium vapor (SVL) 70 W, T8 fluorescent tube (T8 FTL) 40 W and T5 fluorescent tube (T5 FTL) 28 W. The first four were evaluated with and without reflective light fixture and the latter two without light fixture. It was observed that the tested system with light fixtures negatively affected the spatial distribution of illuminance inside the house. The systems composed by IL and ML without light fixture led to better results in meeting the minimum illuminance of 20 lux and 5 lux, respectively. T5 FTL presented the lowest energy demand.
32
Herwanger, Jörg, Hansruedi Maurer, Alan G. Green, and Jürg Leckebusch. "3-D inversions of magnetic gradiometer data in archeological prospecting: Possibilities and limitations." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 3 (2000): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444782.
Full textAbstract:
A vertical‐gradient magnetic system based on optically pumped Cesium sensors has been used to map subtle magnetic anomalies across infilled pit houses and ditches at a medieval archeological site in northern Switzerland. For estimating the locations and dimensions of these features from the recorded data, we have designed and implemented an appropriate inversion scheme. Tests of this scheme on realistic synthetic data sets suggested that suitable minimum magnetic susceptibility contrasts and smoothing parameters for the inversion may be directly extracted from the data. Inversions with minimum magnetic susceptibility contrasts generated causative bodies with maximum plausible sizes. By using higher magnetic susceptibility contrasts, a complete suite of models that matched the data equally well was produced. To constrain better the magnetic susceptibility constrast within a selected area of the archeological site, shallow samples of topsoil and sediment were analyzed in the laboratory. An inversion based on the measured magnetic susceptibility contrast yielded reliable estimates of the locations, 3-D geometries, and sizes of two small pit houses. The depth extent of one pit house was subsequently verified by shallow drilling. We concluded that inversions of vertical‐gradient magnetic data constrained by magnetic susceptibility or shallow borehole information are rapid and inexpensive means of providing key knowledge on the depth distribution of inductively magnetized bodies.
33
Bermúdez-Cuamatzin, Eira, Alejandro A. Ríos-Chelén, Diego Gil, and Constantino Macías Garcia. "Experimental evidence for real-time song frequency shift in response to urban noise in a passerine bird." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (2010): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0437.
Full textAbstract:
Research has shown that bird songs are modified in different ways to deal with urban noise and promote signal transmission through noisy environments. Urban noise is composed of low frequencies, thus the observation that songs have a higher minimum frequency in noisy places suggests this is a way of avoiding noise masking. Most studies are correlative and there is as yet little experimental evidence that this is a short-term mechanism owing to individual plasticity. Here we experimentally test if house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) can modulate the minimum frequency of their songs in response to different noise levels. We exposed singing males to three continuous treatments: low–high–low noise levels. We found a significant increase in minimum frequency from low to high and a decrement from high to low treatments. We also found that this was mostly achieved by modifying the frequency of the same low-frequency syllable types used in the different treatments. When different low-frequency syllables were used, those sung during the noisy condition were longer than the ones sang during the quiet condition. We conclude that house finches modify their songs in several ways in response to urban noise, thus providing evidence of a short-term acoustic adaptation.
34
Ngowtanasuwan, Grit. "Applied Mathematical Model for Construction Planning in a Housing Development Project." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 13 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.140.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presented a method for solving a construction planning problem in a housing development project using a mathematical model which is an integer linear programming for dividing house construction jobs to three contractors in a project case study. 169 units of the houses in the project would be constructed by the three contractors in two methods, conventional construction method and precast method. The results found a minimum construction cost of the project was 417.69 million baht (M$13.92), and within the total project duration of 72 months. Conclusions and recommendations were discussed in this article.Keywords: Housing Development Project, Mathematical Model, Precast Concrete Construction.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.140
35
Li, Jing, Radu Zmeureanu, and Hua Ge. "Simulation of energy impact of an energy recovery ventilator in Northern housing." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124610005.
Full textAbstract:
The single core Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) used in this study is equipped with defrost control that recirculates the exhaust indoor air, while keeps the outdoor air intake damper closed. This defrost strategy has the disadvantage of reducing the outdoor air supplied to the house, which may affect the indoor air quality. First, this paper presents new correlation-based models of supply air temperature T2 after the energy recovery core during normal and defrost operation modes based on laboratory experimental data. A pre-heating coil heats the supply air from T2 to indoor air temperature. Second, a house in Montreal (4356 HDD) is simulated as a reference using TRNSYS program. Since the program cannot simulate the operation under defrost mode, the new models are connected in TRNSYS using equation boxes. The energy use of houses at three locations in northern Canada with HDD of 8798 (Inuvik), 8888 (Kuujjuaq) and 12208 (Resolute), are also simulated, without and with ERV unit. The seasonal energy used for heating the house and pre-heating the supply air is compared with results from Montreal. Compared to the case without heat recovery, the ERV unit leads to energy savings: 24% (Montreal), 26% (Inuvik), 27% (Kuujjuaq), and 27% (Resolute). Compared to the minimum standard requirements, the outdoor airflow rate due to defrost is reduced by 4.7% (223 hours) in Montreal, 19% (1043 hours) in Inuvik, 13% (701 hours) in Kuujjuaq, and 24% (1379 hours) in Resolute.
36
Netam, Nisha, Shubhashis Sanyal, and Shubhankar Bhowmick. "A PMV-PPD model based study of thermal comfort in Low-Income Group house in Chhattisgarh." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817206006.
Full textAbstract:
People tend to maintain symmetry between comfort and economy while choosing essential commodities needed in their life. Families buy a house which may offer comfort condition, but at minimum in term expenses of energy throughout a life. Thus, it is most important to erect a house to provide comfortable condition and moderate the lifetime expenditure by saving energy consumption. Sensation of thermal comfort varies from people to people, even in an identical environment. To minimize the consumption of energy of building, cost of consumed energy and to provide a comfortable house, thermal comfort analysis in indoor environments have attracted many researchers. Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) - Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) model is widely accepted theory for assessment of building indoor thermal conditions. In the present work, thermal comfort of an LIG house in Chhattisgarh region of India has been analyzed based on PMV-PPD method for months representing three different seasons in a year i.e. May, September and December representing summer, post monsoon and winter respectively. Cooling, heating and actual energy load of LIG house has been calculated and reported for the above mentioned months. From analysis it is concluded that inhabitants are comfortable only during the winter.
37
Dewi, Yunita Kemala, and Ari Probandari. "Covid-19 risk factors and health protocol compliance among mall employees and officers in Yogyakarta." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 37, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.59065.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze risk factors, compliance with health protocols, and the COVID-19 screening test among mall employees at Yogyakarta city, Indonesia.Methods: We analyzed secondary data from a cross-sectional study in Yogyakarta City from May-August 2020. The population was all employees at all malls in Yogyakarta City who participated in the screening rapid test zero survey conducted by the Yogyakarta City Government. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between ensuring proper mask install (OR = 6.33, p = 0.023, 95% CI = 1.03-38.81), applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside home (OR = 27.34, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 3.01-248.32) and applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when at work (OR = 22.25, p = 0.003, 95% CI = 2,45-201.65) with the reactive COVID-19 results. Multivariate analysis showed the most dominant variable associated with the reactive rapid test results is not keeping a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside the house with a value of (OR=11.91, p=0.047, 95% CI = 1.03-137.37). Conclusion: The risk factor for Covid-19 for employees and mall staff is physical distancing > 1 meter when outside the house. The city administration should keep working with mall managers to tighten health protocols in malls and other public areas to prevent Covid-19 transmission.
38
Kamal, Shagufta, Ismat Bibi, Kanwal Rehman, et al. "Biological Activities of In-House Developed Haloxylon griffithii Plant Extract Formulations." Plants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071427.
Full textAbstract:
The therapeutic potential of whitish glaucous sub-shrub Haloxylon griffithii (H. griffithii), abundantly present in southern regions of South Asia, has been neglected. The current study aimed to assess the phytochemicals and pharmacological potential of native and gemm forms of H. griffithii. Results of antimicrobial activity revealed that all tested bacteria were susceptible at concentrations ≤50 µg/mL, while tested fungal species were susceptible at ≤25 µg/mL. The values of minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged between 10.75 ± 0.20 to 44.25 ± 0.42 µg/mL, 8.25 ± 0.02 to 28.20 ± 0.80 µg/mL. The value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all microbial species was ≤100 µg/mL and the antibiotic mechanism showed that both extracts were highly bactericidal and fungicidal. Results of average log reduction of viable cell count in time kill assay indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) NCTC 1662, Candida albicans (C. albicans) IBL-01, Candidakrusei (C. krusei) ATCC 6258, and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) QC 6158 were the most susceptible microbial species. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based quantification confirmed the presence of gallic acid p.coumeric acid catechin, vanillin, ellagic acid, and salicylic acid, while in native extract only gallic acid. Native and gemm extracts exhibited excellent radical scavenging potential measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Significant thrombolytic activity was found in both extracts with negligible haemolytic activity. Highest percent (%) clot lysis was observed with gemm extracts (87.9 ± 0.85% clot lysis). In summary, we infer that valuable evidence congregated can be exploited for better understanding of gemm H. griffithii’s health benefits, further, to increase its utility with enriching dietary sources of health-promoting compounds.
39
Cavins, Todd J., John M. Dole, and Vicki Stamback. "Unheated and Minimally Heated Winter Greenhouse Production of Specialty Cut Flowers." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (2000): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.793.
Full textAbstract:
Anemone (Anemone coronaria L.), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), larkspur [Consolida ambigua (L.) P.W. Ball & Heyw.], delphinium (Delphinium ×cultorum Voss.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), lupine (Lupinus hartwegii Lindl.), stock [Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.], and pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams.) were grown in raised sandy loam ground beds in double-layered polyethylene-covered greenhouses which were either unheated (ambient) or had a 55 °F (13 °C) minimum night temperature in year 1 and 36 or 50 °F (2 or 10 °C) minimum night temperature in year 2. Results were species specific; however, the extreme low temperatures [21 °F (-6 °C)] in the unheated house limited delphinium and lupine production. The warmest greenhouses (55 and 50 °F) reduced production time for anemone, delphinium, larkspur, lupine (year 2), snapdragon (year 2),stock, and sunflower. The coolest greenhouses (unheated and 36 °F) increased stem lengths for anemone (year 2), delphinium, larkspur (year 1), lupine (year 2), snapdragon, stock, and sunflower. The coolest green-houses also yielded a profit or lower net loss for all species except delphinium, lupine, and snapdragon (year 2) for which profits were highest or net losses were lowest in the warmest greenhouses.
40
Khanal, Shraddha, and Kabindra Bhattarai. "Study on Post Harvest Losses in Potato in Different Storage Conditions." Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 12, no. 12 (2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v12i12.25298.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to conduct a comparative study of three most common potato storage conditions (in-house store, in-basket store and cold store) and to find the most suitable storage condition for farmers. The experimental work involved post-harvest loss assessment and study of pattern of respiratory and reducing sugar level for sixty days storage period. Total loss was lowest (4.38%) for cold stored potatoes and highest (13.04%) for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation was least (0.65%) and remained almost constant throughout study period for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation gradually increased and was maximum (1.04%) for cold stored potatoes. Respiratory rate was least in cold stored potatoes which gradually decreased and reached 3.17mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of sixty days storage. Respiratory rate was maximum for in-basket stored potatoes which reached up to 6.55 mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of storage. Storage loss and respiratory rate are minimum for cold stored potatoes but showed high sugar accumulation. In-house storage do not suffer from excessive sugar accumulation but storage loss is maximum of all. In case of in-basket storage, besides being cheap and feasible, there is no problem of sugar accumulation and storage losses was also significantly lower than in-house storage.
41
Pye, T. "Reproductive biology of the feral house mouse (Mus musculus) on subantarctic Macquarie Island." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930745.
Full textAbstract:
Reproduction of the feral house mouse (Mus musculus) was studied on subantarctic Macquarie Island and found to be seasonal. Females begin oestrus-cycling in early spring, following a minimum 3-month winter anoestrous period. By late spring all mature females are in breeding condition. Breeding is continuous through spring, summer and into autumn. Postimplantation loss occurs throughout the breeding season. Late autumn pregnancies may fail. Average litter size is 6-7 but litters as large as 10 have been found. Young born in the latter half of the breeding season attain sexual maturity at a later stage than those born in the early-spring-summer period and do not come into breeding condition until the following spring. Males show a slight cyclical change in testes weight, increasing from a winter minimum to a summer maximum, but are potentially capable of breeding throughout the year. Reproductive seasonality of the female determines breeding behaviour in this isolated subantarctic population of feral house mice. Seasonal reproduction is not well correlated with mean monthly ambient temperature, which varies by only 3O degrees C over the year. Food availability appears constant throughout the year with little interspecific competition for food or predation on the mice. Reproduction is suppressed over the short-day winter months. The possible interaction of photoperiod with other environmental and physiological variables in determining reproductive seasonality requires further research.
42
Pedrazzi, Elizandra Cristina, Talita Tavares Della Motta, Thaís Ramos Pereira Vendrúscolo, Suzele Cristina Coelho Fabrício-Wehbe, Idiane Rosset Cruz, and Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues. "Household arrangements of the elder elderly." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18, no. 1 (2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000100004.
Full textAbstract:
The aging context of the elder elderly needs to be taken into account, due to the redefinition of family as a social institution. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional study that characterized the household arrangements of 147 elder elderly living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, through home interviews. The age range between 80 and 84 years predominated. The majority receives a retirement benefit ranging from one to three minimum wages, and owns their house. On the average, they have 4.08 children and live with 2.8 people. Most men live with their partners, while women live by themselves. The elderly head a large part of households. The most frequent arrangements are families with two and three generations. Regarding the household arrangement, there was equivalence in the results between the ones that moved into the house of the elderly and cases when the elderly moved into the family’s house, reinforcing the family as a protector and caregiver of the elderly.
43
Takeno, Sachio, Takashi Ishino, Rika Osada, and Koji Yajin. "Laser Surgery of the Inferior Turbinate for Allergic Rhinitis with Seasonal Exacerbation: An Acoustic Rhinometry Study." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 5 (2003): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200513.
Full textAbstract:
Laser surgery has been used to successfully treat patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. We examined whether the numbers and types of sensitized allergens influence the effects of surgery. Two different groups (those allergic to house dust mites only, and those allergic to house dust mites and Japanese cedar pollen) prospectively underwent the same course of laser turbinectomy during the pollen dispersion season. The symptom scores for nasal obstruction significantly decreased in both groups, but the improvement of sneezing and rhinorrhea was less pronounced in the pollen group. We used acoustic rhinometry to measure postoperative changes in the nasal dimensions. Four months after treatment, the minimum cross-sectional area and nasal cavity volume had increased, respectively, by 61.7% and 30.7% in the house dust group, and by 30.7% and 16.2% in the pollen group. We conclude that laser surgery can be successfully applied to patients whose allergies show seasonal exacerbation by airborne pollen.
44
Ozbay, Gulnihal, Raju Khatiwada, Stacy Smith, and Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta. "Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP) Pads in Poultry Farm." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020154.
Full textAbstract:
This research focuses on the efficiency of recommended heavy use area protection (HUAP) pads installed in poultry houses utilizing the Choptank River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay watershed is severely affected by crop agriculture and poultry feeding operations. Water quality degradation along with scarcity of water is a significant concern in this area, suggesting a need for changes in both environmental and groundwater management practices. Our objective in this study was to compare the efficiency of HUAP in reducing litter spillage and nutrient runoff between two poultry houses, one of which was constructed in 2005 and the other in 2009. The poultry house constructed in 2005 did not have HUAP pads initially; they were built in 2006. The poultry house built in 2009 had the pads from the starting point. We collected soil and water samples each month and analyzed them for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate, and other soil properties throughout the year. The pH of soil and water samples was in the range of 6.8–8.0 and 6.5–7.2, respectively. We collected six water samples in total in the ditch, from points at retention ponds near the farm ditch to sites in wooded areas on the farm. Water sample B (where ditch water meets retention pond water from the poultry farm) had the highest EC value and nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrogen concentrations compared with other water samples. The subsequent water samples downstream had reduced loads of nutrients. The study results suggest that there was a minimum carryover of nutrients from soil into the runoff water, storm ditches, and adjacent stream. There was also a minimal effect of house cleaning and storm events in raising the concentration of nutrients in soil and water samples at our study sites. The older poultry site had higher total nitrogen and phosphorous surrounding the pads, whereas no elevated levels of nutrients were identified at the newer site. The ability of HUAP pads to hold onto contaminates decreases with age and use. This study also shows that the impacts from poultry activities on surface and groundwater can be minimized by using management practices such as HUAP pads. These practices can reduce pollution in the farm, increase productivity, and save farmers and ranchers time and money in the long run.
45
Aakjær Andersen, Camilla, Martin Bach B. Jensen, Berit Skjødeberg Toftegaard, Peter Vedsted, Michael Harris, and Örenäs Research group. "Primary care physicians’ access to in-house ultrasound examinations across Europe: a questionnaire study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (2019): e030958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030958.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThe overall objective of this study was to examine the differences in ultrasound availability in primary care across Europe.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsPrimary care physicians (PCPs).Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe primary aim was to describe the variation in in-house primary care ultrasonography availability across Europe using descriptive statistics. The secondary aim was to explore associations between in-house ultrasonography availability and the characteristics of PCPs and their clinics using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.ResultsWe collected data from 20 European countries. A total of 2086 PCPs participated, varying from 59 to 446 PCPs per country. The median response rate per country was 24.8%. The median (minimum–maximum) percentage of PCPs across Europe with access to in-house abdominal ultrasonography was 15.3% (0.0%–98.1%) and 12.1% (0.0%–30.8%) had access to in-house pelvic ultrasonography with large variations between countries. We found associations between in-house abdominal ultrasonography availability and larger clinics (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.9) and clinics with medical doctors specialised in areas, which traditionally use ultrasonography (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). Corresponding associations were found between in-house pelvic ultrasonography availability and larger clinics (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.7) and clinics with medical doctors specialised in areas, which traditionally use ultrasonography (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 5.1). Additionally, we found a negative association between urban clinics and in-house pelvic ultrasound availability (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9).ConclusionsAcross Europe, there is a large variation in PCPs’ access to in-house ultrasonography and organisational aspects of primary care seem to determine this variation. If evidence continues to support ultrasonography as a front-line point-of-care test, implementation strategies for increasing its availability in primary care are needed. Future research should focus on facilitators and barriers that may affect the implementation process.
46
Wulandari, Diah Ayu Retnani, and Fajrin Nurman Arifin. "Penentuan Rute Terpendek Jalur Distribusi Air Artesis Menggunakan Kruskal." J-SAKTI (Jurnal Sains Komputer dan Informatika) 2, no. 2 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/j-sakti.v2i2.72.
Full textAbstract:
Water flow distribution to home residents from the artesian well is affected by infrastructure. The more houses that distributed makes decreased amount supply of artesian water in every house. the longer of pipe leight and many branches traversed makes decrease of water supply because there will be many possible pipeline leaks. The more pipes used make the more expensive infrastructure cost. This problem occurs in Jubung area. These problems is one variation of the minimum Spanning Tree problems. This problem can be solved by the shortest path optimization route. It uses network method by implementing graph theory through kruskal algorithm. The first step is determined the nodes and sides. Nodes represent house and the sides represents the connecting pipes between houses. Kruskal is chosen because the kruskal focuses on the side and the graph is incomplete. focus of this study is the length optimation of the connecting pipe that is represented by side. In the pipe infrastructure figure map is representing of an incomplete graph because there are several nodes that are not connected to all nodes because it is adapted to the contour of the land that is not possible traversed the pipe. The results is there are several paths that are changed, especially the side to connect between node 1-4, 4-12, 19-20, 21-6 dispensed because forming cycles. The result of this research is kruskal can make decreasing infrastrukture cost Rp.7.535.500 with length of 201,5 meter so can save Rp.4.401.000 from Rp Rp.11.936.500.
47
Acharya, Indu. "Challenges of Nepalese Women in Parliamentary Elections." Tribhuvan University Journal 28, no. 1-2 (2013): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v28i1-2.26219.
Full textAbstract:
The country has just passed from the 2nd election for the constituent assembly. Assuring the minimum level of women in the house has been a real challenge; however the recent CA election results have shown a clear decline in the presence of women lawmakers in the house. Despite hard struggle and pressure of women activists and civil society the political parties of the country have failed to keep the level of women's presence in the CA to a level of 33% as like in the previous CA. In this paper, the researcher has examined the issues and challenges related to women’s access to the legislatives in the country in general based on the comparative overview of the last two CA elections from the perspective of women's participation.
48
Munawaroh, Ai Siti, Rachmat Ade Gunawan, and Satrio Agung Perwira. "PENERAPAN KONSEP FLEXIBLE DAN GREEN ARCHITECTURE PADA RUMAH TYPICAL DI LAMPUNG." NALARs 16, no. 2 (2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/nalars.16.2.101-112.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAKRumah merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia. Kebutuhan manusia di dalam rumah berbeda-beda. Keberadaan perumahan yang menyediakan rumah typical menjadi salah satu solusi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah bagi masyarakat.Namun rumah typical masih menimbulkan permasalahan, yaitu adanya aktivitas dan kebutuhan ruang dari penghuni yang tidak bisa terakomodir. Disisi lain permasalahan lingkungan akibat dari aktivitas manusia di dalam rumah menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki arsitektur yang khas. Tetapi rumah typical yang dikembangkan oleh para developer perumahan belum ada yang menonjolkan arsitektur khas Lampung tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang rumah yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masing-masing penghuni rumah dengan luas bangunan yang sama. Selain itu, rumah yang dirancang tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan dan mencirikan arsitektur Lampung.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Metode kualitatif dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan perancangan. Studi literatur dilakukan melalui kajian dari berbagai sumber yaitu buku, jurnal dan internet. Perancangan dilakukan melalui: penerapan konsep flexible house dan konsep green architecture serta transformasi bentuk hasil kebudayaan Lampung.Hasil penelitian adalah desain rumah typical di Lampung dengan konsep green flexible house. Kata kunci: green architecture, flexible house, rumah lampung ABSTRACTA house is one of the basic human needs. Human needs of house for each people is different. The existence of housing that provides typical house become one of the significant solutions to fulfill the needs of house for community. However, typical house is still causing problems for the occupants, because this typical house cannot accommodate all the occupants’ activities within it. I tbecause, typical house is a minimum standard for living which is different for each people. On the other hand, environmental problems which is occurred by human activities within a house could raise negative impact for the environment. Lampung has been regarded as one of an area which has a distinctive character of architecture. But the typical house that is developed by the developer, have not described and represented the character of Lampung’sarchitecture. This study has been conducted to design a house that would fulfill the needs of occupants of the house which has the same area space of the house. Additionally, the house has been designed to eliminate negative impact for the environment and would have a significant character for Lampung’sarchitecture. This research has used a qualitative method, which has been done by using literature study and design process. Literature study has been conducted by reviewing some relevant books, journal sand various sources from worldwide web. And finally, design process has been conducted through: the application of flexible house and green architecture concept and the transformation of the Lampung’sculture. As a final result, this research will provide a design of typicalhouse in Lampung with green flexible house concept. Keywords: green architecture; flexible house; Lampung house
49
Boron, Oleksandr. "RESTAURANTS AND TAVERNS IN SHEVCHENKO’S STORY “THE ARTIST” (FROM THE NEW COMMENTARIES)." Слово і Час, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2021.02.35-52.
Full textAbstract:
Besides specifying or clarifying the current address of the restaurants and taverns mentioned in the story, it appeared necessary to give a minimum description of this or that eating-house as most of the relevant names and cases of comparing and contrasting some of them say little to a common reader and sometimes to a specialist as well. The study of these restaurants and taverns adds many new details to Shevchenko’s biography. Based on the information of the author’s contemporaries (mostly from the 1830s—1840s), descriptions in the fiction ot the time, as well as city guides and directories, the paper presents characteristics of St. Petersburg restaurants and confectioneries of Alexander, Delli, Dume, Klee, Saint Georges, the Roman cafes Lepri and Greco.
 The paper proves that Madame Jurgens’ eating-house was located not on the sixth line of Vasilyevsky Island, but the third one, near the Great Avenue, not far from the wine cellar of Ja. Vochts on the second line. It refutes the erroneous localization by M. Morenets who believed that Jurgens canteen worked in a house at the modern address 6 Buzky Lane / 7 the 6th line. In fact, there was a tavern “The Golden Anchor”, which is also visited by the characters of the story. There is evidence that allows assuming that the tavern “Berlin” mentioned in the story as one in the corner of the 6th line and Academic Lane was located at the modern address 3 6th line / 10 Academic Lane, because since the early 19th century there was a wine shop in this particular building, and not in the one at the opposite corner.
 When not lacking money to pay, Shevchenko and his Academy classmates had lunch mostly in Madame Jurgens’ eating-house. If they could afford it, getting paid for a portrait or something, they visited the restaurant Klee. K. Bryullov could sometimes invite them for dinner at Delli’s confectionery or Alexander’s restaurant. Shevchenko also knew some other aristocratic eating-houses and, of course, just heard of Roman cafes from others.
50
Alwala, Rajeshwar Rao, Chandrasekhar Reddy Bolla, Shankar Reddy Dudala, Y. Pravin Raju, Raston Mondal, and B. P. Ravi Kumar. "Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Khammam district." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (2018): 5121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184708.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an important public health and socio-economic problem in the world and it was identified as one of the six diseases, which could be targeted for elimination /eradication. Annual mass drug administration of DEC with selective vector control could result in the effective elimination of infection by interruption of transmission. The present study aimed to find the coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) of diethyl-carbamazine (DEC) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Khammam district in November 2009.Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based, house-to-house survey was conducted after the round of MDA with DEC. Multi-stage systematic sampling method was used and four clusters were selected with 30 houses in each. A pretested questionnaire was used to interview the study participants. The data collected was analyzed and coverage rate, compliance rate and effective coverage rate were calculated.Results: The coverage rate was 65.54% with variation across different areas. The compliance with drug ingestion was 71.14%. The effective coverage (46.63%) was much below the target (85%) which has to be targeted by intensive information, education and communication (IEC). Side effects of DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific.Conclusions: The coverage, compliance, and effective coverage rates were found to be lower than the target, which need to be intensified by extensive IEC.