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Journal articles on the topic 'Minimum infective dose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Dean, Gillian S., Shelley G. Rhodes, Michael Coad, et al. "Minimum Infective Dose of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 10 (2005): 6467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.10.6467-6471.2005.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the minimum infective dose of Mycobacterium bovis necessary to stimulate specific immune responses and generate pathology in cattle. Four groups of calves (20 animals) were infected by the intratracheal route with 1,000, 100, 10, or 1 CFU of M. bovis. Specific immune responses (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin-4 [IL-4] responses) to mycobacterial antigens were monitored throughout the study, and the responses to the tuberculin skin test were assessed at two times. Rigorous post mortem examinations were performed to determine the presence o

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Reid, S., and O. A. Juma. "Minimum infective dose of HIV for parenteral dosimetry." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 12 (2009): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2009.009284.

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Blewett, D. A., S. E. Wright, D. P. Casemore, N. E. Booth, and C. E. Jones. "Infective Dose Size Studies on Cryptosporidium parvum Using Gnotobiotic Lambs." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (1993): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0322.

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Natural waterbourne transmission of cryptosporidiosis was studied by a simulation using low-level accxamulative dosing. Gnotobiotic lambs were fed on a diet artificially contaminated to a predetermined level with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and the faecal output of cysts was measured. Results indicate a minimum infectious dose as low as one oocysts.

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Hendry, Tory A., Kelley J. Clark, and David A. Baltrus. "A highly infective plant-associated bacterium influences reproductive rates in pea aphids." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 2 (2016): 150478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150478.

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Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum , have the potential to increase reproduction as a defence against pathogens, though how frequently this occurs or how infection with live pathogens influences this response is not well understood. Here we determine the minimum infective dose of an environmentally common bacterium and possible aphid pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae , to determine the likelihood of pathogenic effects to pea aphids. Additionally, we used P. syringae infection to investigate how live pathogens may alter reproductive rates. We found that oral bacterial exposure decreased subsequent su

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Park, Myoung Su, June Ill Cho, Soon Ho Lee, and Gyung Jin Bahk. "The Analysis for Minimum Infective Dose of Foodborne Disease Pathogens by Meta-analysis." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 29, no. 4 (2014): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2014.29.4.305.

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Smith, G. R., L. M. Wallace, and D. E. Noakes. "Experimental observations on the pathogenesis of necrobacillosis." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 1 (1990): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054546.

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SUMMARYEarlier studies showed that the minimum infective dose (>106 organisms) of a virulent strain of Fusobacterium necrophorum could be greatly reduced by suspending the fusobacteria in sub-lethal doses of cultures of other bacteria such as Escherichia coli before inoculating mice subcutaneously.In the present study the infective dose of the same strain of F. necrophorum was reduced by a factor of >103 by suspending the fusobacteria in sub-lethal doses of 5% homogenate of gaur or wallaby faeces. Sterile faecal filtrate had no such effect. The sites of low grade infection produced by th

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Wolff, Janika, Kiril Krstevski, Martin Beer, and Bernd Hoffmann. "Minimum Infective Dose of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Field Strain from North Macedonia." Viruses 12, no. 7 (2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12070768.

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Infection with Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV), as well as infections with other Capripox virus species, are described as the most severe pox diseases of production animals and are therefore listed as notifiable diseases under the guidelines of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). To our knowledge there is only a single study examining dose dependency, clinical course, viremia, virus shedding, as well as serological response following experimental LSDV “Neethling” inoculation. Here, we inoculated cattle with four different doses of LSDV strain “Macedonia2016”, a recently characteriz

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Yezli, Saber, and Jonathan A. Otter. "Minimum Infective Dose of the Major Human Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Transmitted Through Food and the Environment." Food and Environmental Virology 3, no. 1 (2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-011-9056-7.

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Wolk, D. M., C. H. Johnson, E. W. Rice, et al. "A Spore Counting Method and Cell Culture Model for Chlorine Disinfection Studies of Encephalitozoon syn.Septata intestinalis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (2000): 1266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1266-1273.2000.

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ABSTRACT The microsporidia have recently been recognized as a group of pathogens that have potential for waterborne transmission; however, little is known about the effects of routine disinfection on microsporidian spore viability. In this study, in vitro growth ofEncephalitozoon syn. Septata intestinalis, a microsporidium found in the human gut, was used as a model to assess the effect of chlorine on the infectivity and viability of microsporidian spores. Spore inoculum concentrations were determined by using spectrophotometric measurements (percent transmittance at 625 nm) and by traditional

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Moreillon, Philippe, Walter R. Wilson, Roland Leclercq, and José M. Entenza. "Single-Dose Oral Amoxicillin or Linezolid for Prophylaxis of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 5 (2007): 1661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00744-06.

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ABSTRACT Endocarditis prophylaxis following genitourinary or gastrointestinal procedures targets Enterococcus faecalis. Prophylaxis recommendations advocate oral amoxicillin (2 g in the United States and 3 g in the United Kingdom) in moderate-risk patients and intravenous amoxicillin (2 g) or vancomycin (1 g) plus gentamicin in high-risk patients. While ampicillin-resistant (or amoxicillin-resistant) E. faecalis is still rare, there is a concern that these regimens might fail against vancomycin-resistant and/or aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. The present study tested oral linezolid as an al

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Fernandez, Jeffrey, Darren Abbanat, Wenchi Shang, et al. "Synergistic Activity of Ceftobiprole and Vancomycin in a Rat Model of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant and Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 3 (2012): 1476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06057-11.

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ABSTRACTThe therapeutic activity of ceftobiprole medocaril, the prodrug of ceftobiprole, was compared to that of vancomycin, daptomycin, and the combination of a subtherapeutic dose of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in a rat model of infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (ATCC 43300) or glycopeptide-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus(GISA) (NRS4 and HIP 5836) strains. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of ceftobiprole, vancomycin, and daptomycin at bacterial cell densities similar to those encountered in the cardiac vegetation in the rat endocarditis m

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Cawthraw, S. A., T. M. Wassenaar, R. Ayling, and D. G. Newell. "Increased colonization potential of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 after passage through chickens and its implication on the rate of transmission within flocks." Epidemiology and Infection 117, no. 1 (1996): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800001333.

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SummaryThe mechanisms by which Campylobacter jejuni rapidly spreads through large broiler flocks are unknown. Recent evidence suggests that the minimum infective oral dose for 100% caecal colonization is about 104 cfu, which, with such a ‘fragile’ organism, may limit transmissibility. However, the colonization potential of laboratory-adapted strains may be anomalous compared with fresh isolates or those passaged in vivo. The colonization potential of two chicken and one human C. jejuni isolates, which were minimally passaged, have been investigated using a quantitative model of chicken coloniz

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Salman, Ali Y. "Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium on pathogenic Candida albicans." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 39, no. 2 (2015): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i2.178.

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This research aimed at studying the effect of different concentration of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium concentration against pathogenic Candida albicans isolated from clinical cases of diarrhea in cows and dogs in Baghdad province. Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Datura stramonium were prepared in different concentrations for In vitro and In vivo study against Candida albicans. In vitro test includes the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12 and 1.75mg/1ml), and it was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.12 mg/

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Llorente, Isidre, Albert Vilardell, and Emilio Montesinos. "Infection Potential of Pleospora allii and Evaluation of Methods for Reduction of the Overwintering Inoculum of Brown Spot of Pear." Plant Disease 90, no. 12 (2006): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1511.

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The capacity for germination and pathogenicity to pear leaves of ascospores of Pleospora allii, the teleomorph of Stemphylium vesicarium, causal agent of brown spot of pear, were studied in vitro. Most ascospores germinated within 1 h at temperatures between 15 and 20°C, and the optimum temperature for germination was 18.9°C. Infections developed on wounded and non-wounded detached pear leaves, but were more frequent on wounded leaves. The minimum infective dose was one ascospore per wound. Biological, chemical, and mechanical methods for decreasing overwintering inoculum of P. allii were eval

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Smith, G. R., S. A. Barton, and L. M. Wallace. "Further observations on enhancement of the infectivity of Fusobacterium necrophorum by other bacteria." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 2 (1991): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048457.

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SUMMARYIt had already been shown with a single virulent strain (A42) of Fusobacterium necrophorum that suspension of the fusobacteria in sub-lethal doses of broth cultures of other bacteria reduced the minimum infective dose (> 106 organisms) for mice by subcutaneous inoculation, sometimes to < 10 organisms. The present study extended the known range of bacteria with strong infectivity-enhancing properties to include Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus aureus; and of those with weaker effect to include Bacillus subtilis, ‘Bacteroides melaninogenicus’, Clostridium sporo

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16

Bhavnani, Sujata M., Paul G. Ambrose, Jeffrey P. Hammel, Christopher M. Rubino, and George L. Drusano. "Evaluation of Daptomycin Exposure and Efficacy and Safety Endpoints To Support Risk-versus-Benefit Considerations." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 3 (2015): 1600–1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02967-15.

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The choice of an antimicrobial agent must balance optimization of efficacy endpoints with the minimization of safety events. The risk versus benefit of daptomycin for patients withStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia with or without infective endocarditis receiving daptomycin at 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg of body weight/day was assessed. The relationships between the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h (AUC)/MIC ratio and both clinical response and time to decreased susceptibility were evaluated using data from patients with such infections who received daptomycin at 6 mg/kg/day. Using these

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17

Smith, G. R., S. A. Barton, and L. M. Wallace. "A sensitive method for isolating Fusobacterium necrophorum from faeces." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 2 (1991): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048469.

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SUMMARYThe isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum present in small numbers in heavily contaminated material such as faeces or soil is hampered by the lack of an efficient selective medium and by the high minimum infective dose of the organism. A sensitive method for the detection and isolation of faecal strains of F. necrophorum type A was based on the subcutaneous injection of faeces, suspended (5% w/v) in broth culture of Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus to increase fusobacterial infectivity, into mice pretreated with clostridial antitoxins. When necrobacillosi

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18

Que, Yok-Ai, Patrice François, Jacques-Antoine Haefliger, José-Manuel Entenza, Pierre Vaudaux, and Philippe Moreillon. "Reassessing the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor and Fibronectin-Binding Protein by Expression in Lactococcus lactis." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (2001): 6296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6296-6302.2001.

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ABSTRACT Since Staphylococcus aureus expresses multiple pathogenic factors, studying their individual roles in single-gene-knockout mutants is difficult. To circumvent this problem,S. aureus clumping factor A (clfA) and fibronectin-binding protein A (fnbA) genes were constitutively expressed in poorly pathogenic Lactococcus lactis using the recently described pOri23 vector. The recombinant organisms were tested in vitro for their adherence to immobilized fibrinogen and fibronectin and in vivo for their ability to infect rats with catheter-induced aortic vegetations. In vitro, bothclfA and fnbA

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19

Maya, C., M. Pérez, G. Velásquez, J. A. Barrios, A. Román, and B. Jiménez. "Quick incubation process to determine inactivation of Ascaris and Toxocara eggs." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 12 (2019): 2328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.062.

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Abstract Helminth eggs are among the most important biological contaminants in environmental engineering. They pose a significant health risk associated with poor sanitation, the use of contaminated water for irrigation, and the disposal of excreta or sludge to land. Helminths are parasitic worms transmitted to humans via their eggs, which is the infective stage of their life cycle. They are therefore relevant to public health and environmental fields due to their low infectious dose, their persistence in the environment (up to several years), and their high resistance to conventional disinfec

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Hu, Chih-Chiang, Rakhee Subramanian, and Andrew Grigg. "Evaluation of a Safe Neutrophil Count for Cessation of IV Antibiotics and Early Hospital Discharge in Stable, Afebrile Patients Recovering after Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) Therapy or an Autograft." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137284.

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Background Currently there are no guidelines on a safe neutrophil count for intravenous antibiotic (IVAB) cessation and hospital discharge in haematology patients recovering after myelosuppressive chemotherapy complicated by febrile neutropenia (FN). Aims We assessed the safety in stable afebrile patients after recent FN of (i) appropriately stopping IVAB and (ii) early hospital discharge respectively within 24 hrs of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery to ≥0.2x10^9/L. Appropriate cessation required a minimum of 3 days of IVAB and no focus of unresolved infection. Safety was defined as th

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Horwitz, Mitchell, John Chute, Cristina Gasparetto, et al. "Total Body Irradiation 1350cGy/Fludarabine (TBI/FLU) vs Myeloablative Busulfan/Fludarabine (Bu/Flu) Preparation in Adult Recipients of Dual Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Transplantation: Superior Engraftment with Low Treatment-Related Mortality." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4403.4403.

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Abstract A high graft failure rate due to low stem cell dose and high treatment-related mortality have historically been the major pitfalls of myeloablative adult umbilical cord blood transplantation. The goal of this phase II clinical trial was to identify an approach that addresses both of these problems. There is compelling evidence that increasing the cell dose with the use of two partially matched UCB grafts reduces the graft failure rate. While non-myeloablative preparative regimens reduce treatment-related mortality, many patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies may be at increa

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Powers, Ann M., Jeremy P. Ledermann, and Erin M. Borland. "Minimum infectious dose for chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (July 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.65.

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Understanding the ability of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to be transmitted by Aedes vectors in the Americas is critical for assessing epidemiological risk. One element that must be considered is the minimum infectious dose of virus that can lead to transmission following the extrinsic incubation period. This study aimed to determine the minimum infection rate for the two Aedes species studied. The results revealed that doses as low as 3.9 log<sub>10</sub> plaque-forming units per mL (pfu/mL) of an Asian genotype CHIKV strain can lead to transmission by Ae. albopictus, and doses of at least 5

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Lin, Jun, Orhan Sahin, Linda Overbye Michel, and Qijing Zhang. "Critical Role of Multidrug Efflux Pump CmeABC in Bile Resistance and In Vivo Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 8 (2003): 4250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.8.4250-4259.2003.

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ABSTRACT CmeABC functions as a multidrug efflux pump contributing to the resistance of Campylobacter to a broad range of antimicrobials. In this study, we examined the role of CmeABC in bile resistance and its contribution to the adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni in the intestinal tract of the chicken, a natural host and a major reservoir for Campylobacter. Inactivation of cmeABC drastically decreased the resistance of Campylobacter to various bile salts. Addition of choleate (2 mM) in culture medium impaired the in vitro growth of the cmeABC mutants but had no effect on the growth of the wil

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DÍEZ, J. GARCÍA, and L. PATARATA. "Behavior of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in Chouriço de Vinho, a Dry Fermented Sausage Made from Wine-Marinated Meat." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 4 (2013): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-212.

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Portuguese chouriço de vinho is made by drying coarsely minced meat and fat that has been previously marinated with wine (usually red), salt, and garlic for 1 to 2 days at a low temperature (4 to 8°C). This procedure may improve the microbiological safety of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of three pathogens in this product, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, to establish the minimum period of drying and maturation necessary to render safe products. The pathogens were inoculated in the chouriço de vinho batter. A factorial design

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Thakkar, Bhavesh, Nehal Patel, Shomu Bohora, et al. "Transcatheter device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in children treated with prophylactic oral steroids: acute and mid-term results of a single-centre, prospective, observational study." Cardiology in the Young 26, no. 4 (2015): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115001018.

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AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAlthough transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect is emerging as an accepted, viable alternative, conduction disturbances still remain a major concern. Although steroid treatment has shown encouraging results with complete recovery, efficacy of prophylactic use of steroids is still speculative. We aim to study the mid-term outcome of perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure in children who received prophylactic oral steroids.Materials and methodsA prospective study was designed and antegrade device closure was attempted in eligib

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Koirala, Ashok, Dipendra Thakur, Sunit Agrawal, and Bhuwan Lal Chaudhary. "Single dose versus multiple dose antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective comparative single blind study." Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 5, no. 1 (2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsan.v5i1.23212.

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Introduction: There is a controversy on single dose or multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of surgical site infection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a developing country setting. The objective of this study was to compare single versus multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics in terms of surgical site infection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Methods: This was a prospective, comparative, randomized study was conducted in a medical college hospital. Two hundred consecutive patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis planned for routine laparoscopic c

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SUTMOLLER, P., and D. J. VOSE. "Contamination of animal products: the minimum pathogen dose required to initiate infection." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 16, no. 1 (1997): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.16.1.996.

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McGovern, Gillian, Stuart Martin, Martin Jeffrey, et al. "Minimum Effective Dose of Cattle and Sheep BSE for Oral Sheep Infection." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (2016): e0151440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151440.

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Rozo-Lopez, Paula, Berlin Londono-Renteria, and Barbara S. Drolet. "Impacts of Infectious Dose, Feeding Behavior, and Age of Culicoides sonorensis Biting Midges on Infection Dynamics of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070816.

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Culicoides sonorensis biting midges are biological vectors of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the U.S. Yet, little is known regarding the amount of ingested virus required to infect midges, nor how their feeding behavior or age affects viral replication and vector competence. We determined the minimum infectious dose of VSV-New Jersey for C. sonorensis midges and examined the effects of multiple blood-feeding cycles and age at the time of virus acquisition on infection dynamics. A minimum dose of 3.2 logs of virus/mL of blood resulted in midgut infections, and 5.2 logs/mL resulted in a dis

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Lyons, C. Rick, Julie Lovchik, Julie Hutt, et al. "Murine Model of Pulmonary Anthrax: Kinetics of Dissemination, Histopathology, and Mouse Strain Susceptibility." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 8 (2004): 4801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.8.4801-4809.2004.

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ABSTRACT Bioweapons are most often designed for delivery to the lung, although this route is not the usual portal of entry for many of the pathogens in the natural environment. Vaccines and therapeutics that are efficacious for natural routes of infection may not be effective against the pulmonary route. Pulmonary models are needed to investigate the importance of specific bacterial genes in virulence, to identify components of the host immune system that are important in providing innate and acquired protection, and for testing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This report describes the

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Ragni, Margaret V., Kristen Jaworski, Lisa Boggio, et al. "Transjugular Liver Biopsy in Hemophilia Is Safe with a Minimum of Two Doses of Factor." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3078.3078.

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Abstract Over 80% of adults with hemophilia are infected with hepatitis C (HCV) infection through exposure to clotting factor concentrates 20 or more years ago. Although liver biopsy is considered the gold standard to assess the severity of HCV liver disease, the majority of those with hemophilia do not undergo biopsy, even by the less invasive transjugular route. Little is known about the actual or perceived bleeding risks which may affect patient decisions about biopsy. Further, little is known about the minimal hemostatic dose of factor replacement which may affect physician decisions about

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Mosharraf, Fahareen Binta, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Jamalun Nessa, and Mahmuda Yasmin. "Exploring the best possible route of infection of Verotxin producing Escherichia coli in development of experimental gastroenteritis among streptomycin treated murine model." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 39, no. 1 (2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v39i1.23658.

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The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced bacteremia generate a critical problem in modern medical therapy for bacterial infections. This study sought to find out the best possible route and dose of E. coli 0157:H7 infection in experimental murine model by periodic stool and blood culture count of relevant bacterial strains. Streptomycin treated mouse model were used for investigating the clinical manifestation exerted by stx1A and stx2A positive E. coli O157:H7 with increasing doses applied through three alternative routes (oral, intramuscular and intraperitoneal). The highest titer

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Nissen, C., A. Tichelli, A. Gratwohl, et al. "Failure of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy in aplastic anemia patients with very severe neutropenia." Blood 72, no. 6 (1988): 2045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.6.2045.2045.

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Abstract Four patients with very severe aplastic anemia refractory to antilymphocyte globulin were administered recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage--colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). One patient with minimal residual myelopoiesis responded transiently to two separate courses of GM-CSF at 4 and 8 micrograms/kg/d administered intravenously and another course at 4 micrograms/kg/d administered subcutaneously. Septicemia and bilateral pneumonia that had been resistant to conventional therapy resolved. Three patients with no evidence of residual myelopoiesis did not respond to GM-CSF. In one

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Nissen, C., A. Tichelli, A. Gratwohl, et al. "Failure of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy in aplastic anemia patients with very severe neutropenia." Blood 72, no. 6 (1988): 2045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.6.2045.bloodjournal7262045.

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Four patients with very severe aplastic anemia refractory to antilymphocyte globulin were administered recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage--colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). One patient with minimal residual myelopoiesis responded transiently to two separate courses of GM-CSF at 4 and 8 micrograms/kg/d administered intravenously and another course at 4 micrograms/kg/d administered subcutaneously. Septicemia and bilateral pneumonia that had been resistant to conventional therapy resolved. Three patients with no evidence of residual myelopoiesis did not respond to GM-CSF. In one patient,

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ALEXANDERSEN, S., I. BROTHERHOOD, and A. I. DONALDSON. "Natural aerosol transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus to pigs: minimal infectious dose for strain O1 Lausanne." Epidemiology and Infection 128, no. 2 (2002): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880100646x.

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can spread by a variety of mechanisms, including, under certain circumstances, by the wind. Simulation models have been developed to predict the risk of airborne spread of FMDV and have played an important part in decision making during emergencies. The minimal infectious dose of FMDV for different species by inhalation is an important determinant of airborne spread. Whereas the doses for cattle and sheep have been quantified, those for pigs are not known. The objective of the study was to obtain that data in order to enhance the capability of simulation mod

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Rajarajan, S., T. H. Sreelekshmi Devi, Neeshma Mariam Simon, K. R. Navin Shankar, and V. Ganesan. "Comparative study on prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical antibiotic in prevention of surgical site infection." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2344.

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The main aim of the study was to comparative study of single dose prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical postoperative antibiotics in prevention of surgical site infection. The study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 8months. A total of 100 number of surgery cases were selected randomly, to groups of 50 each. The study group received a single dose of antibiotic preoperatively while the control group received 3 to 5 days of empirical antibiotic therapy. Data analysis and statistical analysis was done with the help of graph pad prism trial version software. Stude

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Wang, Yang, Mario Lobigs, Eva Lee, and Arno Müllbacher. "CD8+ T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 24 (2003): 13323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.24.13323-13334.2003.

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ABSTRACT C57BL/6J mice infected intravenously with the Sarafend strain of West Nile virus (WNV) develop a characteristic central nervous system (CNS) disease, including an acute inflammatory reaction. Dose response studies indicate two distinct kinetics of mortality. At high doses of infection (108 PFU), direct infection of the brain occurred within 24 h, resulting in 100% mortality with a 6-day mean survival time (MST), and there was minimal destruction of neural tissue. A low dose (103 PFU) of infection resulted in 27% mortality (MST, 11 days), and virus could be detected in the CNS 7 days p

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Cafruny, William A., and David E. Hovinen. "The relationship between route of infection and minimum infectious dose: studies with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus." Journal of Virological Methods 20, no. 3 (1988): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(88)90129-2.

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Hall, Eric W., Eli S. Rosenberg, Monica Trigg, Noele Nelson, and Sarah Schillie. "Cost Analysis of Single-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Among Infants Born to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers and Not Responding to the Initial Vaccine Series." Public Health Reports 133, no. 3 (2018): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918768224.

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Objectives: Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are at risk for perinatal hepatitis B infection. As prevention, these infants receive a series of 3 or 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth and postvaccination serologic testing. Infants with antibody levels <10 mIU/mL are considered vaccine nonresponders and should be revaccinated. The objective of this cost analysis was to assess a single-dose revaccination strategy among infant nonresponders. Methods: We used a decision analytic tree to compare the costs of a single-dose revaccination str

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TEUNIS, P. F. M., M. KONINGSTEIN, K. TAKUMI, and J. W. B. VAN DER GIESSEN. "Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 2 (2011): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811000380.

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SUMMARYTrichinella is an important foodborne pathogen causing considerable morbidity and mortality. To prevent human trichinellosis, meat inspection for Trichinella spp. at slaughter is a key instrument. Current testing is based on minimal infectious dose in humans, but a scientific basis for this approach is lacking. To this end, a dose–response model must be developed, allowing translation of exposure into disease burden at the population level. We developed novel methods for dose–response assessment using outbreak data incorporating sexual reproduction of the parasite. A selection of suitab

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Dewa Ketut Meles, Rahayu Kusdarwati, Ayu Ratnaningtyas,. "Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activity Test Of Kaempferia galanga L. Extract To Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11420.

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Abstract Saprolegnia sp. is a fungus that causes the Saprolegniasis disease can infection eggs and fresh water fish. Treatment Saprolegniasis done using chemical drugs, however the use of drugs is bad for the environment and biota. The purpose of the research was to determined the antifungal activity include a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) from Kaempferia galanga L. to Saprolegnia sp. by in vitro. This research used 9 different concentrations of Kaempferia galanga L extract were 50%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0, 39%, 0.2%, positive c

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Preto, Angela Aparecida, Elisa Maines Gomes, Maurício José Fernandes, Nei Adolfo Hennig, and Pedro Manoel Leal Germano. "Assessment of the plan for pre-exposition vaccination with Fuenzalida-Palacios anti-rabies vaccine." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 43, no. 3 (2000): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132000000300002.

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Studies ere carried out to monitor the titres of anti-rabies antibodies taken from individuals exposed to the risk of infection. Fifty-seven individuals aged between 20 and 40, were vaccinated with a minimum titre of 1.3 IU Fuenzalida-Palacios type anti-rabies vaccine. The vaccination plan consisted of the application of three doses at two day intervals and a booster applied 28 days after the final dose. The accompainment of the antibody titres was achieved by means of the seroneutralization test over a total period of 18 months. Through the monitoring carried out, it was found to be necessary

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Gupta, Kamta Prasad, та Dinesh Pratap Singh. "Eﬃcacy of Single Dose versus Multiple Dose of Pre-Operative Antibiotic: Teaching Hospital Based Study". Academia Journal of Surgery 3, № 2 (2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47008/ajs/2020.3.2.7.

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Background: The major crisis in any type of surgery is understood to be Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a nominally invasive procedure, there is a dominant prevalence of SSI in patients. It is also believed that prophylactic antibiotic has major impact in reducing SSI. Subjects & Methods: Seventy cases were enrolled in this study with knowledgeable consent. The study was carried out over a time period of ten months. The subjects acknowledge for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were incorporated in our study. Results: Out of the 70 randomized pat

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Abbott, Iain, Rixt Wijma, Nick Broos, Anton Peleg, and Johan Mouton. "1386. Efficacy of Repeat Dosing of Oral Fosfomycin in a Dynamic Bladder Infection In Vitro Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1217.

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Abstract Background Oral fosfomycin is indicated for uncomplicated urinary tract infections with activity against MDR-uropathogens. Despite off-label use of giving three doses every 2–3 days, limited supporting data are available. We performed pharmacodynamic profiling using a dynamic bladder infection in vitro model to assess adequacy of repeat doses of fosfomycin. Methods A bladder infection in vitro model simulating urinary fosfomycin concentrations after 3 g (equiv.) oral doses was used with Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) with 25 mg/L glucose-6-phosphate. Fosfomycin exposures were validated by

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Taft, Sarah C., Tonya L. Nichols, Stephanie A. Hines, Roy E. Barnewall, Gregory V. Stark, and Jason E. Comer. "Physiological Responses to a Single Low-Dose of Bacillus anthracis Spores in the Rabbit Model of Inhalational Anthrax." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060461.

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Credible dose–response relationships are needed to more accurately assess the risk posed by exposure to low-level Bacillus anthracis contamination during or following a release. To begin to fill this knowledge gap, New Zealand White rabbits were implanted with D70-PCT telemetry transmitters and subsequently aerosol challenged with average inhaled doses of 2.86 × 102 to 2.75 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) of B. anthracis spores. Rabbits exposed to a single inhaled dose at or above 2.54 × 104 CFU succumbed with dose-dependent time to death. Death was associated with increases above baseline in

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Chandra, V. V. Ramesh, B. C. M. Prasad, V. Niranjan, and Nitin Manohar Barde. "Clinical outcomes following surgical management of brain abscess in a tertiary care centre: retrospective analysis of 56 cases." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20200014.

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Background: Despite the advent of newer antibiotics and surgical strategies, the overall outcome and quality of life issues in Brain Abscess (BA) patients remain a continuous challenge for the neurosurgical community.Methods: Fifty-six patients with BA are analyzed retrospectively, that treated between January 2014 and June 2019, according to age, the clinical symptoms, etiologic factors, infecting organisms, prognostic factors, localization, diagnostic and treatment methods and outcome.Results: In acute cases, common clinical features were headache, fever, vomiting, focal deficit and seizure.

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Jaiswal, Bisekha, Laxmi Timalsina, Sushmita Karki, Sanjit Shrestha, and Surakshya Koirala. "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Tigecycline on Acinetobacter in Burn Patients." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 3 (2020): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2530.

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Background: Burn infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in spite of significant improvements in burn care and treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus etc. are the commonest isolates in which rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs limits the therapeutic options for infections by Acinetobacter species. Hence, this study was done to find the occurrence of Acinetobacter and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of tigecycline against Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Phect-Ne

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Bazykina, E. A., and O. E. Trotsenko. "Epidemiological Significance of Asymptomatic Carriers of COVID-19." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 6 (2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-6-69-73.

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Relevance. Pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has become a challenging issue for world healthcare system. Control of the epidemic process is one of the main priorities in combat against new coronavirus disease Aim. The research highlights the issue of asymptomatic carriers of the new coronavirus disease. Conclusions. It was revealed that patients with asymptomatic form of COVID-19 have a less lasting immunity response compared with those that have had clinically active forms of the infection. In order to determine pathogenetic process and fully understand formation of the immune respons

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Kokai-Kun, John F., J. Andrew Bristol, John Setser, and Michael Schlosser. "Nonclinical Safety Assessment of SYN-004." International Journal of Toxicology 35, no. 3 (2015): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581815623236.

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SYN-004 is a first in class, recombinant β-lactamase that degrades β-lactam antibiotics and has been formulated to be administered orally to patients receiving intravenous β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins. SYN-004 is intended to degrade unmetabolized antibiotics excreted into the intestines and thus has the potential to protect the gut microbiome from disruption by these antibiotics. Protection of the gut microbiome is expected to protect against opportunistic enteric infections such as Clostridium difficile infection as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In order to demonstr

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Nichols, Kristen R., Chad A. Knoderer, Nicholas G. Jackson, John J. Manaloor, and John C. Christenson. "Success With Extended-Infusion Meropenem After Recurrence of Baclofen Pump-Related Achromobacter Xylosoxidans Meningitis in an Adolescent." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 28, no. 4 (2015): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190015585757.

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A 13-year-old female experienced a recurrence of baclofen pump-related central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Achromobacter, despite absence of retained foreign material. Due to the failure of meropenem (120 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 8 hours and infused over 30 minutes) in the initial infection, the dose was infused over 4 hours during the recurrence. Meropenem is an antibiotic for which efficacy is time dependent, and 4-hour versus 30-minute infusions have been shown to prolong the time the concentration of the antibiotic exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of th

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