Relevant bibliographies by topics / Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)"

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Branson, Edward. "Clinical relevance of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs)." Aquaculture 196, no. 3-4 (May 2001): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00541-5.

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Pankuch, Glenn A., and Peter C. Appelbaum. "Activities of Tizoxanide and Nitazoxanide Compared to Those of Five Other Thiazolides and Three Other Agents against Anaerobic Species." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 3 (March 2006): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.3.1112-1117.2006.

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ABSTRACT Agar dilution was used, and MICs of metronidazole, tizoxanide, nitazoxanide, denitrotizoxanide, RM 4803, RM 4807, RM 4809, RM 4819, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and clindamycin were measured against 412 anaerobes. Nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, RM 4807, and RM 4809 were active against all groups, except for gram-positive non-spore-forming rods with 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (when the latter were excluded) of 1 to 2 μg/ml and 90% minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 to 8 μg/ml, respectively. Metronidazole MICs were usually lower against all groups except clostridia.
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Majoros, L., G. Kardos, B. Szabó, and M. Sipiczki. "Caspofungin Susceptibility Testing of Candida inconspicua: Correlation of Different Methods with the Minimal Fungicidal Concentration." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 8 (August 2005): 3486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.8.3486-3488.2005.

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ABSTRACT Minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations of caspofungin were determined for 48 Candida inconspicua isolates. By using CLSI (formerly NCCLS) methodology with the partial inhibition endpoint criterion, caspofungin exhibited a good fungicidal effect against C. inconspicua (the MIC90 was 0.25 μg/ml and the minimum fungicidal concentration [MFC] was 0.5 μg/ml after 24 h). Total inhibition yielded falsely elevated MICs, exceeding even the respective MFCs.
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Kotani, Kenta, Mio Matsumura, Yuji Morita, Junko Tomida, Ryo Kutsuna, Kunihiko Nishino, Shuji Yasuike, and Yoshiaki Kawamura. "13-(2-Methylbenzyl) Berberine Is a More Potent Inhibitor of MexXY-Dependent Aminoglycoside Resistance than Berberine." Antibiotics 8, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040212.

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We previously showed that berberine attenuates MexXY efflux-dependent aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we aimed to synthesize berberine derivatives with higher MexXY inhibitory activities. We synthesized 11 berberine derivatives, of which 13-(2-methylbenzyl) berberine (13-o-MBB) but not its regiomers showed the most promising MexXY inhibitory activity. 13-o-MBB reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various aminoglycosides 4- to 128 fold for a highly multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strain. Moreover, 13-o-MBB significantly reduced the MICs of gentamicin and amikacin in Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Burkholderia cepacia. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated that 13-o-MBB acted synergistically with aminoglycosides in only MexXY-positive P. aeruginosa strains. Time-kill curves showed that 13-o-MBB or higher concentrations of berberine increased the bactericidal activity of gentamicin by inhibiting MexXY in P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate that 13-o-MBB inhibits MexXY-dependent aminoglycoside drug resistance more strongly than berberine and that 13-o-MBB is a useful inhibitor of aminoglycoside drug resistance due to MexXY.
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Bueno, Mírian Galvão, Elen Juliana Bonassa de Sousa, Juliana Hotta, Vinícius Carvalho Porto, Vanessa Migliorini Urban, and Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek. "Surface Properties of Temporary Soft Liners Modified by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Antifungals." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2017): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701266.

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Abstract Evaluating the addition of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungals for Candida albicans biofilm on the hardness and roughness of temporary denture soft liners. Specimens (n=8; 36×7×6 mm) of tissue conditioner (Softone) and resilient liner (Trusoft) were produced either without (control) or with incorporation of drugs at MICs: nystatin (0.032 g/mL), chlorhexidine diacetate (0.064 g/mL), ketoconazole (0.128 g/mL), miconazole (0.256 g/mL) and itraconazole (0.256 g/mL). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h, 7 days and 14 days prior to the hardness/roughness measurements. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α=0.05). The addition of the antifungals into both materials demonstrated no evident hardness change or decrease of this property compared with the control, except for miconazole in Softone, which increased the hardness after 14 days (p=0.003). The addition of nystatin into both materials, chlorhexidine in Trusoft and ketoconazole in Softone resulted in no significant changes of roughness compared with the control, after 7 days and 14 days (p>0.05). In these periods, itraconazole increased the roughness of both materials (p<0.001). The addition of all antifungals, except for the miconazole in Softone, resulted in no deleterious effects on the materials’ hardness over the evaluation time. The MICs of nystatin in both temporary soft lining materials, ketoconazole in Softone and chlorhexidine in Trusoft resulted in no deleterious effects for roughness up to 14 days.
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Sandalakis, Vassilios, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Ioannis Goniotakis, Yannis Tselentis, and Anna Psaroulaki. "Minimum inhibitory concentration distribution in environmental Legionella spp. isolates." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2014): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.217.

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In Greece standard tests are performed in the watering and cooling systems of hotels’ units either as part of the surveillance scheme or following human infection. The purpose of this study was to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions of environmental Legionella isolates for six antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of Legionella infections, by MIC-test methodology. Water samples were collected from 2004 to 2011 from 124 hotels from the four prefectures of Crete (Greece). Sixty-eight (68) Legionella isolates, comprising L. pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 15, L. anisa, L. rubrilucens, L. maceachernii, L. quinlivanii, L. oakridgensis, and L. taurinensis, were included in the study. MIC-tests were performed on buffered charcoal yeast extract with α-ketoglutarate, L-cysteine, and ferric pyrophosphate. The MICs were read after 2 days of incubation at 36 ± 1 °C at 2.5% CO2. A large distribution in MICs was recorded for each species and each antibiotic tested. Rifampicin proved to be the most potent antibiotic regardless of the Legionella spp.; tetracycline appeared to have the least activity on our environmental isolates. The MIC-test approach is an easy, although not so cost-effective, way to determine MICs in Legionella spp. These data should be kept in mind especially since these Legionella species may cause human disease.
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Galdiero, Emilia, Antonietta Siciliano, Renato Gesuele, Valeria Di Onofrio, Annarita Falanga, Angela Maione, Renato Liguori, Giovanni Libralato, and Marco Guida. "Melittin Inhibition and Eradication Activity for Resistant Polymicrobial Biofilm Isolated from a Dairy Industry after Disinfection." International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (January 15, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4012394.

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The emerging concern about the increase of antibiotic resistance and associated biofilm has encouraged scientists to look for alternative antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study evaluated the ability of melittin to act as an antibacterial biofilm inhibitor and biofilm remover considering isolates from dairy industry. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), and biofilm removal activities were studied in polymicrobial biofilms produced from isolates. MIC and MBC were set at 1–3 µg/mL and 25–50 µg/mL for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Results demonstrated a good MBIC reaching 85% inhibition ability and a good activity and better penetration in deeper layers against the mixed preformed biofilm, thereby increasing its activity against all isolates also at the lowest tested concentrations. Melittin showed interesting characteristics suggesting its potential to act as an antimicrobial agent for polymicrobial biofilm from dairy industry even in environmental isolates.
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Keepers, Tiffany R., Marcela Gomez, Donald Biek, Ian Critchley, and Kevin M. Krause. "Effect of In Vitro Testing Parameters on Ceftazidime-Avibactam Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations." International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (May 19, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/489547.

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Effects of varying in vitro susceptibility testing parameters of the broth microdilution assay on ceftazidime-avibactam MICs were determined and compared to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam for 9 Enterobacteriaceae and 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The effect of varying incubation conditions (ambient air or 5% CO2), pH of medium, medium composition (cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth with and without laked horse blood and Haemophilus Test Medium), cation content of the medium, and inoculum density were tested. Most variations had no effect on ceftazidime-avibactam MIC values (no more than a 2-fold change). However, acidic pH or high inoculum resulted in 4- to 16-fold changes in MIC, which was similar to those observed for meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam under these conditions. Overall, this study shows that slight variations in testing parameters during routine MIC testing will likely have no significant effect on ceftazidime-avibactam MIC values.
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Ip, Margaret, Shirley S. L. Chau, Sau Lai Lui, Eric Leung, and Thomas Ling. "Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Hong Kong." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 36, no. 4 (October 2010): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.039.

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Stojkovic, D., Marina Sokovic, Jasmina Glamoclija, Ana Dzamic, M. Ristic, A. Fahal, Sami Khalid, Ivana Djuic, and Silvana Petrovic. "Susceptibility of three clinical isolates of Actinomodura madurae to α-pinene, the bioactive agent of Pinus pinaster turpentine oil." Archives of Biological Sciences 60, no. 4 (2008): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0804697s.

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In vitro susceptibility of the turpentine oil obtained from Pinus pinaster oleoresin was evaluated against three Sudanese clinical isolates of Actinomadura madurae, which is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oil ranged from 100.3 to 124.8 ?L/mL, and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were between 100.3 and 150.0 ?L/mL. ?-Pinene exhibited prominent bioactivity with MICs ranging between 3.3 and 5.0 ?L/mL, while its MMC was 10.0 ?L/mL against the same clinical isolates. Pinus pinaster turpentine oil and ?-pinene might be useful agents in the treatment of mycetoma caused by A. madurae.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)"

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Wentzel, Jeanette Maria. "A comparative study of the minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentrations of florfenicol and oxytetracycline for animal isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella Typhimurium." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26219.

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This study was undertaken to compare the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MPC (mutant prevention concentration) values for oxytetracycline and florfenicol against strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and pigs, and for enrofloxacin against strains of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from horses. Isolates of P. multocida from cattle and pigs, and S. Typhimurium from horses were obtained from specimens or isolates from contributing laboratories. All the equine isolates and 50% of the cattle and pig isolates were from clinically sick animals. All isolates were tested in duplicate with both the MIC and the MPC methods. The MIC method used was the standardized microdilution method performed in microtitre plates. The MPC method used was according to the method described by Blondeau. This method was modified, to make use of smaller plates and lower volumes of antimicrobials, but retaining a final bacterial concentration of 109 colony-forming units per ml. The antimicrobials were dissolved as described in the certificates of analyses. Enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline were dissolved in water, and florfenicol was dissolved in alcohol. For the MPC method, an additional control was added to one quadrant of a four-quadrant 90mm plate/petri dish. The antimicrobials were tested as individual antimicrobials and not as combinations. Both the MIC and MPC methods included ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) strains as control organisms and were evaluated according to the guidelines of the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). The MIC50 values for enrofloxacin against Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from horses was 0.25 ìg/ml and the MPC50 values 0.5 ìg/ml. A comparative reference range was not available as enrofloxacin is not registered in South Africa for use in horses, and is used extra-labelly. The results for florfenicol against P. multocida yielded an MIC50 value of 0.5 ìg/ml and an MPC50 value of <2 ìg/ml. The close relationship of these two concentrations is an indication of the effectiveness of florfenicol when used against P. multocida. The PD/PK data with a value of 141.78 for AUC/MIC provided additional support for the efficacy of florfenicol against P. multocida. The PD/PK value of >125, is an effective parameter for treatment of Gram-negative bacteria. The corresponding results for oxytetracycline were above the MIC value but fell within the mutant selection window. The results point to the fact that the use of oxytetracycline against P. multocida may not be effective in preventing the appearance of first step mutant strains when used at current recommended dosages. The PK/PD data, using AUC/MIC, yielded a value of 56. Some of the isolates (55.17%) had an MPC value of 16 ìg/ml. Whereas the MIC method is used routinely in diagnostic laboratories, the MPC method can be employed to generate data that can be applied where antimicrobial treatment of certain bacteria is problematic and standard treatment may lead to the development of resistance. Data obtained from such studies will enable manufacturers of antimicrobial drugs to adapt antimicrobial therapy where practical and feasible to prevent the development of first step mutants.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Holbrook, Selina Y. L. "DISCOVERY OF NEW ANTIMICROBIAL OPTIONS AND EVALUATION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE ENZYME-ASSOCIATED RESISTANCE EPIDEMIC." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/89.

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The extensive and sometimes incorrect and noncompliant use of various types of antimicrobial agents has accelerated the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In fact, AMR has become one of the greatest global threat to human health in this era. The broad-spectrum antibiotics aminoglycosides (AGs) display excellent potency against most Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, and some Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The AG antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin are still commonly prescribed in the U.S.A. for the treatment of serious infections. Unfortunately, bacteria evolve to acquire resistance to AGs via four different mechanisms: i) changing in membrane permeability to resist drugs from entering, ii) upregulating efflux pumps for active removal of intracellular AGs, iii) modifying the antimicrobial target(s) to prevent drugs binding to their targets, and iv) acquiring resistance enzymes to chemically inactivate the compounds. Amongst all, the acquisition of resistance enzymes, AG-modifying enzymes (AMEs), is the most common resistance mechanism identified. Depending on the chemistry each enzyme catalyzes, AMEs can be further divided into AG N-acetyltransferases (AACs), AG O-phosphotransferases (APHs), and AG O-nucleotidyltransferases. To overcome AME-related resistance, we need to better understand these resistance enzymes and further seek ways to either escape or inhibit their actions. In this dissertation, I summarized my efforts to characterize the AAC(6') domain and its mutant enzymes from a bifunctional AME, AAC(6')-Ie/APH(2")-Ia as well as another common AME, APH(3')-IIa. I also explained my attempt to inhibit the action of various AAC enzymes using metal salts. In an effort to explore the current resistance epidemic, I evaluated the resistance against carbapenem and AG antibiotics and the correlation between the resistance profiles and the AME genes in a collection of 122 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from the University of Kentucky Hospital System. Besides tackling the resistance mechanisms in bacteria, I have also attempted to explore a new antifungal option by repurposing an existing antipsychotic drug, bromperidol, and a panel of its derivatives into a combination therapy with the azole antifungals against a variety of pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi.
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Knostman, Hayley. "Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay assessment of the bactericidal properties of triclosan and ampicillin." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1430745733.

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Aziz, Seemal. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing: Effects Of Variability In Technical Factors On Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Using Broth Microdilution." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454819.

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Background Broth microdilution (BMD) is a gold-standard reference method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. For this, a standardized concentration of bacterial inoculum (2e5–8e5 colony-forming units, CFU/ml) is added to progressively higher concentrations of antibiotics. Bacteria stop growing at a particular antibiotic concentration termed MIC. Like other assays, various biological and/or technical factors can affect BMD results.   Aims To investigate the effects of inoculum concentration (5e4–5e6 CFU/ml), growth-medium concentration (cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth (CAMHB)), ranging 0.5x to 2x (1x as standard)) and age (<6-months or >1-year old) of fastidious medium on MIC results. And to compare BMD results using 5 different brands of CAMHBs and 1 cation-non-adjusted MH-broth (non-CAMHB).   Methods 12 isolates of bacteria (gram-positive (n=3), gram-negative(n=5), fastidious isolates (n=7)) and custom-made antibiotics-containing plates for gram-positive (11 antibiotics) or gram-negative bacteria (10 antibiotics) were used. Overnight-grown colonies were used to prepare BMD solutions (MH-broth + inoculum +/- fastidious) which were plated on antibiotic-plates as well as diluted prior to plating on agar-plates. Antibiotic- and agar-plates were incubated (18–20hr, 35°C) and used to determine MICs (following European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing instructions) and actual number of viable bacteria in BMD solutions, respectively.   Results Increasing inoculum concentration increased MICs of all antibiotics except cefoxitin. Piperacillin–tazobactam, levofloxacin, benzylpenicillin and ampicillin were especially sensitive to increase in inoculum and showed a 4-fold increase in >50% isolates. MICs for tobramycin, tigecycline and gentamicin increased by 2-fold in >50% isolates every time MH-broth concentration increased. Age of fastidious medium had no decipherable pattern of effects on MIC. All MH-broths gave similar results except when testing daptomycin which gave higher MICs with non-CAMHB compared to CAMHB.    Conclusion This research reveals some technical factors affecting MIC results. These results could help define parameters for automated BMD-performing-systems. However, this research shows only trends as more replicates are needed to determine statistically significant results.
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Bui, Hanh. "A COMPARISON OF TWO COMMERCIAL STRIPS WITH PREDEFINED ANTIBIOTIC CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF PERIODONTAL BACTERIAL PATHOGENS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216515.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
Objectives: Systemic antibiotics are generally recognized as providing a beneficial impact in treatment of both aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Since strains of periodontal pathogens among periodontitis patients may vary in their antibiotic drug resistance, the American Academy of Periodontology recommends antimicrobial susceptibility testing of suspected periodontal pathogens prior to administration of systemic periodontal antibiotic therapy, to reduce the risk of a treatment failure due to pathogen antibiotic resistance. E-test and MIC Test Strip assays are two in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems employing plastic- and paper-based, respectively, carriers loaded with predefined antibiotic gradients covering 15 two-fold dilutions. To date, no performance evaluations have been carried out comparing the Etest and MIC Test Strip assays in their ability to assess the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontal bacterial pathogens. As a result, the purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro performance of E-test and MIC Test Strip assays in assessing minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of four antibiotics frequently utilized in systemic periodontal antibiotic therapy against 11 fresh clinical subgingival isolates of the putative periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens, and to compare the distribution of P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains identified with interpretative criteria as "susceptible" and "resistant" to each of the four antibiotics using MIC values determined by the two antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Methods: Standardized cell suspensions, equivalent to a 2.0 McFarland turbidity standard, were prepared with 11 fresh clinical isolates of P. intermedia/nigrescens, each recovered from the subgingival microbiota of United States chronic periodontitis subjects, and plated onto to the surfaces of culture plates containing enriched Brucella blood agar. After drying, pairs of antibiotic-impregnated, quantitative, gradient diffusion strips from two manufacturers (E-test, bioMérieux, Durham, NC, USA, and MIC Test Strip, Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy) for amoxicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and doxycycline were each placed apart from each other onto the inoculated enriched Brucella blood agar surfaces, so that an antibiotic test strip from each manufacturer was employed per plate against each P. intermedia/ nigrescens clinical isolate for antibiotic susceptibility testing. After 48-72 hours anaerobic jar incubation, individual MIC values for each antibiotic test strip against P. intermedia/nigrescens were read in μg/ml at the point where the edge of the bacterial inhibition ellipse intersected with the antibiotic test strip. MIC50, MIC90, and MIC range were calculated and compared for each of the test antibiotics, with essential agreement (EA) values determined per test antibiotic for the level of outcome agreement between two antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. In addition, the identification of antibiotic "susceptible" and "resistant" strains among the P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates was determined for each test antibiotic using MIC interpretative criteria from the MIC interpretative standards developed by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for gram-negative anaerobic bacteria for amoxicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole findings, and from the French Society of Microbiology breakpoint values for anaerobic disk diffusion testing for doxycycline data. Results: For amoxicillin, higher MIC50 and MIC90 values against the P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains were found with the MIC Test Strip assay than with E-test strips, resulting in a relatively low EA value of 45.5% between the two susceptibility testing methods. A higher percentage of amoxicillin "resistant" P. intermedia/nigrescens strains (72.7%) were identified by MIC Test Strips as compared to E-test strips (54.5%), although both methods found the same proportion of amoxicillin "susceptible" strains (27.3%). For clindamycin, both susceptibility testing methods provided identical MIC values (EA value = 100%), and exactly the same distributions of "susceptible" and "resistant" strains of P. intermedia/nigrescens. For metronidazole, only very poor agreement (EA value = 9.1%) was found between the two susceptibility testing methods, with MIC Test Strips exhibiting markedly higher MIC50 and MIC90 values against P. intermedia/nigrescens as compared to E-test strips. However, the distribution of "susceptible" and "resistant" P. intermedia/ nigrescens were identical between the two susceptibility testing methods. For doxycycline, relatively good agreement (EA value = 72.7%) was found in MIC concentrations between the two susceptibility testing methods, although generally lower MIC values were associated with MIC Test Strips. In addition, identical distributions of "susceptible" and "resistant" P. intermedia/nigrescens were provided by both susceptibility testing methods. Conclusions: Relative to MIC values measured against periodontal strains of P. intermedia/nigrescens, MIC Test Strips gave higher MIC values with amoxicillin and metronidazole, equal MIC values with clindamycin, and lower MIC values with doxycycline, as compared to MIC values measured with the E-test assay. Relative to the identification of antibiotic "susceptible" periodontal P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains, both susceptibility testing methods provided identical findings, suggesting that both methods appear to be interchangeable for clinical decision making in regard to identification of antibiotic-sensitive strains of periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens. However, for epidemiologic surveillance of drug susceptibility trends, where exact MIC values are important to track over time, the relatively higher proportion of non-exact MIC differences between the two susceptibility testing methods argues against using them interchangeably. Instead, one or the other method should be used consistently for such studies. Further comparative studies of the E-test and MIC Test Strip assays are indicated using other periodontopathic bacterial species besides P. intermedia/ nigrescens, and to assess the reproducibility of MIC values provided by both in vitro susceptibility testing methods over time.
Temple University--Theses
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Markopoulos, Marjorie M. "Antimicrobial Activity of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped and Electrochemical Colloidal Silver." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1515096508634157.

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Cetin-Karaca, Hayriye. "EVALUATION OF NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/652.

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Raw and processed foods are vulnerable to contamination during their production, distribution and sale. Thus, a wide variety of chemical preservatives are used in the food industry to prevent the growth of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. However, health and economic concerns have led to an intensive search for natural alternatives, such as plant extracts, that can safely be used as substitutes for synthetic antimicrobials and preservatives to partially or completely inhibit the growth of bacteria. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of natural phenolic compounds extracted from vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices. The main objective was to determine the lowest concentration of phenolics to inhibit the visible growth of the pathogenic bacteria which is defined as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Some of the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens were treated with several natural phenolic compounds. Concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm (pH 5-6) of each compound were evaluated by broth micro-dilution method and the MICs were determined by using official density (OD) assay. The results demonstrated that the phenolic compounds have varying antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens. Natural sources of phenolic compounds contain major antibacterial components and have great potential to be used as natural antimicrobials and food preservatives.
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Zaffarano, Jennifer I. "MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS OF TWO COMMON FOOD PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF SWINE FECES IN VITRO." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/182.

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Feeding sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics to livestock has been associated withdevelopment and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The present experiment was conductedto investigate the effect of antibiotic alternatives (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and carbadox)on the microbial ecology of swine feces in vitro.Minimum inhibitory concentrations of caffeic and chlorogenic acids were determined forseveral pathogens using macrobroth and agar dilution techniques. Gram-negative bacteria werenot inhibited. Caffeic acid inhibited four Staphylococcus aureus strains at 200 ppm or less, andtwo Clostridium perfringens strains at 300 ppm. Chlorogenic acid inhibited all S. aureus strainsat 500 ppm, and one C. perfringens strain at 400 ppm.Effects of antibiotic alternatives on fecal microbial ecology were determined using an invitro incubation. Caffeic acid lowered total anaerobes, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, andpercent E. coli (pandlt;0.01). Chlorogenic acid lowered total anaerobes, Bifidobacteria, andlactobacilli (pandlt;0.01), and increased acetate concentration (pandlt;0.0001). Carbadox lowered totalanaerobes, Bifidobacteria, E. coli, and coliforms (pandlt;0.01), and lowered acetate, propionate,butyrate, valerate, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (pandlt;0.01). It can be concluded thataddition of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, or carbadox effected bacterial and chemicalcomponents of the microbial ecology of swine feces.
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Jonker, Annelize. "Antimicrobial susceptibility in thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from pigs and chickens in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27117.

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The thermophilic Campylobacters, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are found as commensals in the intestinal tract of healthy mammals and birds. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of sporadic food-borne bacterial disease in humans which is predominantly contracted from poultry products. Although the vast majority of these infections are mild, life-threatening complications should be treated with antimicrobials. Patients are usually treated with either macrolides of fluoroquinolones. However, globally there is an increased trend in the development of resistance to these antibiotics. This trend has also been observed in infection of poultry and pigs. The aim of this investigation was to determine antimicrobial sensitivity of thermophilic Campylobacters isolated from pigs and poultry by broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration testing. A total of 482 samples of the small intestinal content from poultry and pigs from the Western Cape and Gauteng Provinces were collected and analysed. Thirty-eight Campylobacter isolates were obtained. Statistical analyses included percentage resistance, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) as well as the distribution percentages of the MICs. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to establish any significant differences at an interspecies, interhost and interprovincial level. Analyses of the data obtained revealed indications of decreasing susceptibility to several antibiotic groups including the tetracyclines, macrolides, erythromycin and tylosin, as well as the lincoasamides, and fluoroquinolones. It was found that isolates from the Western Cape were more likely to be resistant to the fluoroquinolones (p = 0.0392), macrolides (p = 0.0262), and lincoasmides (p = 0.0001) and, as well as to a certain extent the pleuromutulins (p = 0.0985), whereas isolates from Gauteng were more resistant to the tetracycyclines (p = <.0001). Poultry Campylobacter spp. were more prone to be resistant to enrofloxacin (p = 0.0021). Campylobacter jejuni, mainly isolated from poultry, was more liable to be resistant to the tetracyclines (chlrotetracycline p= 0.0307), whereas C. coli, predominatly isolated from pigs was more likely to be resistant to the macrolides (tylosin p= 0.063). Four of the bacteria isolated from the Western Cape were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, namely; tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutulins and fluoroquinolones. No multi-resistant Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the flocks in Gauteng. With the exception of tiamulin, the bacterial populations could clearly be divided into resistant and susceptible populations. As consequence of the increased resistance to the antimicrobial classes used for human therapy and the geographical differences in antimicrobial susceptibility, it is recommended that an antimicrobial resistance monitoring system for the thermophilic Campylobacter spp. be initiated in the South Africa National Veterinary Surveillance and Monitoring Programme for Resistance to Antimicorbial Drugs (SANVAD) Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Pinheiro, Denise Jaqueto de Barros. "Determinação da concentração inibitória mínima de antibióticos contra ureaplasmas isolados de bovinos pela inibição de crescimento e citometria de fluxo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-24072012-161250/.

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Os Mollicutes causam doenças em várias espécies animais de importância econômica, inclusive em bovinos. Neste estudo, foi avaliada por concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e citometria de fluxo, a atividade de oito agentes antibacterianos (enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, claritromicina, cloranfenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulina e tilosina) contra Ureaplasma diversum. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de isolados de campo oriundas da mucosa genital de fêmeas bovinas. As amostras foram confirmadas por crescimento em caldo, placa e por PCR. Os inóculos foram submetidos à analise de suscetibilidade aos antibióticos pelo método da microdiluição em microplaca e posteriormente analisados pelo citômetro de fluxo a fim de avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana nas células. A claritromicina apresentou os maiores índices de inibição in vitro, sendo a gentamicina considerada o antibiótico de menor espectro de ação nesse estudo. De acordo com as análises do citômetro, a gentamicina apresentou o menor número de células viáveis enquanto a tiamulina apresentou o maior número. Embora haja resultados destoantes entre as técnicas utilizadas, o citômetro de fluxo pode ser utilizado como uma boa ferramenta para auxiliar a avaliação da suscetibilidade desses microrganismos a antibióticos.
The Mollicutes cause disease in several economically important species, including cattle. In this study, was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and flow cytometry, the activity of eight antibacterial agents (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulin and tylosin) against Ureaplasma diversum. We analyzed 24 samples of field isolates originating from the genital mucosa of cows. The samples were confirmed by growth in broth, plate, and PCR. The inoculations were subjected to analysis of susceptibility to antibiotics by the method of micro-dilution plate and then analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the antimicrobial activity in cells. Clarithromycin showed the highest levels of inhibition in vitro, the antibiotic gentamicin considered lower spectrum of action in this study. According to the analysis of the flow cytometer, gentamicin showed the lowest number of viable cells as tiamulin showed the greatest number. Although there are divergent results between the techniques used, flow cytometry can be used as a good tool even help assess the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics.
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Books on the topic "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)"

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Morgan, Marina. Other bacterial diseasesStreptococcosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0023.

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Many pyogenic (β -haemolytic) streptococci of clinical significance have animal connections. In the last edition of this book two species of streptococci were considered of major zoonotic interest, namely Streptococcus suis and S. zooepidemicus. Since then, numerous sporadic zoonoses due to other streptococci have been reported, and a newly recognized fish pathogen with zoonotic potential termed S. iniae has emerged. Changes in nomenclature make the terminology confusing. For example, the organism known as S. zooepidemicus — now termed S. dysgalactiae subsp. zooepidemicus — still causes pharyngitis in humans, complicated rarely by glomerulonephritis after ingestion of unpasteurized milk. Pigs remain the primary hosts of S. suis with human disease mainly affecting those who have contact with pigs or handle pork.Once a sporadic disease, several major epidemics associated with high mortality have been reported in China. The major change in reports of zoonotic streptococcal infections has been the emergence of severe skin and soft tissue infections, and an increasing prevalence of toxic shock, especially due to S. suis (Tang et al. 2006), group C (Keiser 1992) and group G β -haemolytic streptococci (Barnham et al. 2002). Penicillin remains the mainstay of treatment for most infections, although some strains of group C and G streptococci are tolerant (minimum bactericidal concentration difficult or impossible to achieve in vivo) (Portnoy et al. 1981; Rolston and LeFrock 1984) and occasionally strains with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin are reported.Agents preventing exotoxin formation, such as clindamycin and occasionally human intravenous immunoglobulin, may be used in overwhelming infection where circulating exotoxins need to be neutralized in order to damp down the massive release of cytokines generated by their production (Darenberg et al. 2003). Prevention of human disease focuses on maintaining good hygienic practice when dealing with live animals or handling raw meat or fish products, covering skin lesions, thorough cooking of meats and pasteurization of milk.
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Book chapters on the topic "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)"

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Sirgel, Frederick A., Ian J. F. Wiid, and Paul D. van Helden. "Measuring Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Mycobacteria." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 173–86. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-207-6_11.

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Wang, Qinglan, and Helena I. M. Boshoff. "Determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Liquid Cultures or on Solid Medium." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 595–609. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_26.

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Eyre, David W., Daniel Golparian, and Magnus Unemo. "Prediction of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Antimicrobials for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Whole-Genome Sequencing." In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 59–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9496-0_4.

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Isayenko, O. Yu, and O. V. Kotsar. "MINIMUM INHIBITORY AND BACTERICIDAL CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS SEPARATELY AND TOGETHER WITH METABOLIC COMPLEXES OF LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS GG AND SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII." In CHALLENGES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION: AN EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES AND PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION IN UKRAINE, 157–74. Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-64-8-9.

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Humphreys, Hilary. "Case 15." In Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, edited by Hilary Humphreys, 95–104. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0015.

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Secondary peritonitis arises from a perforated viscus and is usually polymicrobial. Empiric antimicrobial therapy should include agents active against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes, but not necessarily enterococci. There are a variety of potential treatment regimens but the choice will depend on whether community-acquired or healthcare-associated, local antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the severity of the illness. Controversy exists as to whether β‎-lactam/β‎-lactamase inhibitors can be used for infections involving extended-spectrum β‎-lactamase-producing bacteria as some argue in favour of this if the minimum inhibitory concentrations are low. The duration of treatment is variable but less than 5 days is probably adequate for uncomplicated cases, especially if there is adequate source control, and the patient does not require admission to a critical care unit. Up to a half of all patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy for a perforated viscus will develop a surgical site infection.
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Conference papers on the topic "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)"

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Krieger, David, Silvan Vesenbeckh, Nicolas Schönfeld, Gudrun Bettermann, Holger Rüssmann, Harald Mauch, and Torsten Bauer. "Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of mefloquine:in vitroactivity against MDR- and nonMDR-Tb strains." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3327.

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Shaw, S. S. S., and K. S. S. Sorbie. "Synergistic Properties of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale Inhibitor Blends for Barium Sulphate Scale Inhibition." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169752-ms.

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Abstract Barium sulphate is one of the most difficult types of scale to inhibit in oil and gas production systems, due to its physical hardness and its chemical and thermal stability. Barium sulphate is most commonly inhibited using either phosphonate or polymeric scale inhibitors (SIs) deployed at sub-stoichiometric concentrations. What is less well known in the oil industry is the effect of using combinations of two (or more) SIs synergistically for enhanced scale inhibition performance. A positive “synergistic” effect would be where, for example, 5ppm of A + 5ppm of B performed better than 10ppm of either A or B. In this paper, a series of static barium sulphate inhibition efficiency (IE) test results are presented, in which a series of pairs of SIs have been tested to determine their synergistic properties at pH 5.5 and 95°C. Polymers can be blended with phosphonates, or alternatively pairs of phosphonates or polymers may be applied. In all cases, the synergistic IE is compared with the IE of each SI tested independently at the mass dosage (i.e. the same concentration in mg/L or ppm). Each separate single SI used in the work has been tested previously for barium sulphate IE at pH 5.5, 95°C in order to determine the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) for each species (Shaw et al, 2012a, 2012b). Previously, 9 phosphonate and 9 polymeric SIs have been tested individually and, in this work, 34 SI combinations have been tested to examine their synergistic properties. The MICs of the synergistic blends are compared with the normal MICs of the individual SIs. Surprisingly, in most cases, the IE of the blends is usually higher over the range of SI concentrations tested (i.e. the MIC of the blend is lower), compared to that of each SI tested separately. Certain “pairs” of SIs used together yield a significantly beneficial effect, e.g. DETPMP and HMTPMP. Some mechanistic reasons why these synergistic pairs work particularly well are suggested.
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Singh, Rishan. "Correlating and Interpreting Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of Cycloserine in susceptible and multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates Understanding the MIC of cycloserine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_biotech15.03.

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Popov, Sergey, Aleksey Kuzmin, Tamara Sabgayda, and Nataly Vedenina. "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination of TB drugs and broad-spectrum antibiotics inM.tuberculosiswith M/X/TDR." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3331.

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Vesenbeckh, Silvan, David Krieger, Gudrun Bettermann, Nicolas Schönfeld, Holger Rüssmann, Harald Mauch, and Torsten Bauer. "Neuroleptic drugs as potential adjuvants in the treatment of MDR-TB: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different phenothiazines againstM. tuberculosis." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3329.

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Olivier, Kenneth N., Gina Eagle, John P. McGinnis II, Liza Micioni, Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, and Richard J. Wallace, Jr. "Amikacin (AMK) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and mutational resistance in patients with treatment-refractory nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease (LD) treated with liposomal amikacin for inhalation (LAI)." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa371.

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Graham, A. L., L. S. Boak, A. Neville, and K. S. Sorbie. "How Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) and Sub-MIC Concentrations Affect Bulk Precipitation and Surface Scaling Rates." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93311-ms.

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Sarvarova, E. R., E. A. Cherepanova, and I. V. Maksimov. "Antifungal activity of lipopeptides from endophytic strains of the genus Bacillus sp. against the fungus Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.)." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.216.

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The direct antibiotic effect of lipopeptides from four endophytic strains on the germination of spores of the pathogenic fungus Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) was found and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these lipopeptides was determined.
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Ayrapetyan, O. N., E. V. Zhurishkina, E. D. Obluchinskaya, A. A. Kulminskaya, and I. M. Lapina. "Study of the antibacterial properties of sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.029.

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Two fractions of fucoidans were identified and characterized, and their effects on bacteria were investigated. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined, and the effect on the formation of biofilms was studied.
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Shaw, S. S., and K. S. Sorbie. "The Effect of pH on Static Barium Sulphate Inhibition Efficiency and Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) of Generic Scale Inhibitors." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Scale. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/155094-ms.

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