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Journal articles on the topic 'Minimum reflux'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Stichlmair, Johann, Hugo Offers, and Richard W. Potthoff. "Minimum reflux and minimum reboil in ternary distillation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 32, no. 10 (October 1993): 2438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00022a029.

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2

Danilov, R. Yu, F. B. Petlyuk, and L. A. Serafimov. "Minimum-reflux regime of simple distillation columns." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 41, no. 4 (August 2007): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579507040069.

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3

Wachter, John A., Terry K. T. Ko, and Ronald P. Andres. "Minimum reflux behavior of complex distillation columns." AIChE Journal 34, no. 7 (July 1988): 1164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340713.

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4

Paliy, I. G., O. O. Ksenchyn, and S. V. Zaika. "Comparative analysis of the results of 3-hour esophageal-gastric-pH monitoring in patients with combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease and arterial hypertension depending on the available antihypertensive pharmacotherapy." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(4)-08.

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Annotation. Hypotensive drugs, which patients with arterial hypertension take, can have a negative impact on the motility of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and worsen it. The aim is to study the features of acid gastroesophageal refluxes and gastric secretory function in patients with combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease and arterial hypertension, depending on the available anti-hypertensive pharmacotherapy. Patients were divided into four groups, depending on available monotherapy with valsartan, lisinopril, bisoprolol, and amlodipine. Patients were subjected to 3-hour esophageal-gastric-pH monitoring. We conducted a comparative analysis of the following indicators: the number of acid refluxes, the presence of refluxes lasting more than 5 minutes, the average and maximum duration of episodes of reflux. The values of the minimum pH, maximum pH, average pH and median pH in the esophagus, cardiac part of stomach and stomach body were also compared. The results showed that in the group of patients taking valsartan, there was a significant increase in the number of episodes of acid reflux, an increase in the minimum pH in the esophagus, and an increase in % of time with a pH <4 in the esophagus, unlike patients taking lisinopril or amlodipine. There were no differences in gastro-pH monitoring between patients treated with valsartan, lisinopril, bisoprolol, and amlodipine monotherapy. It indicates that increase of gastroesophageal reflux in the valsartan group was not caused by the acid-induced effect of valsartan, but other factors that lead to a decrease and/or disorganization of esophageal motility.

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5

Espinosa, José, and Enrique Salomone. "Minimum Reflux for Batch Distillations of Ideal and Nonideal Mixtures at Constant Reflux." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38, no. 7 (July 1999): 2732–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie990022y.

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6

Picos, Andrei, Ioana Chifor, Alina Rotar, Andreea Răchişan, and Alina Monica Picos. "Minimally invasive treatment of dental erosions in gastro-esophageal reflux disease." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 64, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2018.4.1.

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7

LIU, Fang-Zhi, Hideki MORI, Setsuro HIRAOKA, and Ikuho YAMADA. "Minimum Reflux Calculations for Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Processes." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 36, no. 6 (1993): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.36.458.

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8

Bauerle, G. L., and O. C. Sandall. "Batch distillation of binary mixtures at minimum reflux." AIChE Journal 33, no. 6 (June 1987): 1034–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330617.

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9

Pham, Hoanh N., Peter J. Ryan, and Michael F. Doherty. "Design and minimum reflux for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns." AIChE Journal 35, no. 10 (October 1989): 1585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351002.

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10

Weusten, B. L., L. M. Akkermans, G. P. vanBerge-Henegouwen, and A. J. Smout. "Spatiotemporal characteristics of physiological gastroesophageal reflux." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 266, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): G357—G362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.3.g357.

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Recent technological developments have made it possible to measure intraluminal pH simultaneously at multiple sites using one single small-caliber catheter. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of physiological gastroesophageal reflux in eight ambulatory healthy volunteers (age 21-51 yr). Esophageal pH was recorded for 24 h at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 cm from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), using an 8-Fr catheter containing five ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) pH transducers and a digital data logger. Signals were sampled at a rate of 4 Hz. Automated analysis included determination of the extent of the reflux (cm above LES) and calculation of the velocity of the advance of the pH front from the LES (ascending velocity), minimum pH reached, and duration of all individual reflux episodes at different segments in the esophagus. The reflux time and the number of reflux episodes/24 h showed a gradual decrease from the distal to the proximal sensor (mean +/- SE: 4.4 +/- 0.8 to 0.9 +/- 0.2% and 46 +/- 7.6 to 11 +/- 1.9, respectively). Of all reflux episodes 23% did not reach the sensor at 6 cm above the LES, and only 25% reached the most proximal sensor. Characteristically, acid refluxed rapidly (velocity 0.4-2.4 cm/s) and was cleared in a stepwise fashion. Reflux episodes of long duration at the distal sensor reached high levels in the esophagus (P < 0.001). It was concluded that ambulatory multichannel esophageal pH monitoring using ISFET technology is a valuable tool for studies on the spatio-temporal characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux.

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11

Franklin, N. L., and J. S. Forsyth. "The interpretation of minimum reflux conditions in multi-component distillation." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 75 (December 1997): S56—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8762(97)80005-6.

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12

Fidkowski, Zbigniew T., and Rakesh Agrawal. "Multicomponent thermally coupled systems of distillation columns at minimum reflux." AIChE Journal 47, no. 12 (December 2001): 2713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690471211.

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13

Poellmann, P., S. Glanz, and E. Blass. "Calculating minimum reflux of nonideal multicomponent distillation using eigenvalue theory." Computers & Chemical Engineering 18 (January 1994): S49—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(94)80009-x.

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14

Chou, San-Min, Carl L. Yaws, and Jeng-Shia Cheng. "Application of factor method for minimum reflux: Multiple feed distillation columns." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (April 1986): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450640214.

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15

Yamada, Ikuho, Hideki Mori, Yoshihito Kato, Tsutomu Aragaki, and Setsuro Hiraoka. "A method for solving minimum reflux problem of Petlyuk's distillation process." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 15, no. 2 (1989): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.251.

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16

Takamatsu, Takeichiro, and Masaru Nakaiwa. "Minimum and Total Reflux in Ideal Heat Integrated Distillation Column(HIDiC)." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 22, no. 6 (1996): 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.22.1461.

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17

Koehler, J., P. Aguirre, and E. Blass. "Minimum reflux calculations for nonideal mixtures using the reversible distillation model." Chemical Engineering Science 46, no. 12 (1991): 3007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(91)85005-i.

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18

Ugarković, B., D. Ivančević, D. Babić, and Ž. Babić. "Dynamic Scintigraphy of the Oesophagus in the Evaluation of Reflux Oesophagitis." Nuklearmedizin 29, no. 05 (1990): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629532.

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A method is presented which combines gastro-oesophageal reflux quantification and oesophageal transit measurement so as to differentiate true reflux from residual oesophageal activity. A group of 33 subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms and endoscopically confirmed reflux oesophagitis and a group of 21 asymptomatic subjects with normal oesophageal, gastric and duodenal endoscopic findings were examined. The subjects were given 37 MBq 99mTc-Sn-colloid in saline orally and then scintiscanned dynamically. The gastro-oesophageal quantification was done after transit measurement and after the oesophageal time activity (to detect residual oesophageal activity) reached its minimum. The difference in the reflux indices between the two groups was highly significant. In low-grade oesophagitis measured reflux was lower than in higher grades of disease. Only 4.7% false-positive results were observed with a specificity of 95%, indicating that this method may be superior to methods published earlier.

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19

Juan Carlos, Beltrán-Prieto, and Kolomazník Karel. "Use of approximate methods to determine minimum reflux ratio in distillation process." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201050.

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The study of multicomponent distillation process require the solution of system of equations developed after mass balance, equilibrium, enthalpy balance, molar fraction analysis were classic methods developed after Lewis-Matheson and Thiele-Geddes studies used in conventional column studies . In many cases, the design of the multi-stage equipment requires a rigorous determination of parameters (i.e. temperature, pressure, flows and compositions of streams. Given the high no linearity of the equations it is necessary to solve the system by using iterative procedures, where the methods differ in the selection of the set of independent variables. In the present paper we aim to use approximate methods to determine the minimum reflux ratio, amount of theoretical zones and feed location in the process of distillation.

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20

Barbosa, Domingos, and Michael F. Doherty. "Design and minimum-reflux calculations for single-feed multicomponent reactive distillation columns." Chemical Engineering Science 43, no. 7 (1988): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(88)85144-3.

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21

Barbosa, Domingos, and Michael F. Doherty. "Design and minimum-reflux calculations for double-feed multicomponent reactive distillation columns." Chemical Engineering Science 43, no. 9 (1988): 2377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(88)85172-8.

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22

Koçak, Mehmet Çetin. "Simple, robust, and fast iterative solution of Underwood's equation for minimum reflux." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 89, no. 2 (February 2011): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.05.006.

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23

Megawati, Eka, Yuniarti Yuniarti, and Achmad Rifandi. "Evaluasi Kolom Stripper C-04-01 di Unit Naphta Hydrotreater (Studi Kasus di PT. PERTAMINA REFINERY UNIT V BALIKPAPAN)." Jurnal Chemurgy 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v2i2.2234.

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Pada penelitian yang berjudul Evaluasi kolom stripper C-04-01 di Unit Naptha Hydrotreater memiliki tujuan mengevaluasi kinerja tray di kolom stripper C-04-01. Pada Kolom naphta stripper mempunyai 20 buah tray. Umpan masuk kolom ini pada tray no.6 dan pada kolom stripper diinjeksikan steam dari samping pada bagian dasar kolom. Short-cut Method merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan banyaknya tray teoritis berdasarkan perhitungan dari reflux minimum, reflux rasio, tray minimum, menentukan reflux operasi dan jumlah tray ideal teoritis yang digunakan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa efisiensi tray keseluruhan adalah 90%, jumlah tray teoritis sebanyak 18 buah tray. Temperatur operasi top kolom perhitungan yang didapat adalah sebesar 12,49 oC = 54,48 oF, dan kondisi aktual top kolom adalah 69,14 oC = 156 oF yang berarti diatas temperatur teoritis. Temperatur operasi bottom kolom melalui perhitungan teoritis adalah 236,75 oC = 458,14 oF, sedangkan temperatur aktual kolom sebesar 218,19 oC = 242,75 oF, yang berarti masih dibawah temperatur teoritis. Dengan menaikan temperatur reboiler maka temperatur aktual dapat dinaikan mendekati temperatur operasi bottom kolom perhitungan.Kata kunci: Naphta Hydrotreater, Stripper, Short-cut Method

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24

Narvaez-Garcia, Asteria, Jose del Carmen Zavala-Loria, Luis Enrique Vilchis-Bravo, and Jose Antonio Rocha-Uribe. "Design of Batch Distillation Columns Using Short-Cut Method at Constant Reflux." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/685969.

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A short-cut method for batch distillation columns working at constant reflux was applied to solve a problem of four components that needed to be separated and purified to a mole fraction of 0.97 or better. Distillation columns with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 theoretical stages were used; reflux ratio was varied between 2 and 20. Three quality indexes were used and compared: Luyben’s capacity factor, total annual cost, and annual profit. The best combinations of theoretical stages and reflux ratio were obtained for each method. It was found that the best combinations always required reflux ratios close to the minimum. Overall, annual profit was the best quality index, while the best combination was a distillation column with 30 stages, and reflux ratio’s of 2.0 for separation of benzene (i), 5.0 for the separation of toluene (ii), and 20 for the separation of ethylbenzene (iii) and purification of o-xylene (iv).

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25

Reyes, J. A., A. Gómez, and A. Marcilla. "Graphical Concepts To Orient the Minimum Reflux Ratio Calculation on Ternary Mixtures Distillation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 39, no. 10 (October 2000): 3912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie9907021.

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26

Silviana, S., Febio Dalanta, Dewi Qurrota A’yuni, Lu’luatul Khoiriyah, Putri Rousan Nabila, and M. Fahrizal Alfaris. "Design simulation and economic optimization of a benzene-toluene-xylene system distillation process upon the energy cost." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020210003.

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Distillation is the most extensively used in separation process of the chemical industry. Relationships between non-linear variables, multivariable interactions, dynamic system properties, and other irregularities render the study of design simulation and process optimization an interesting challenge for process engineers. The objective of the process optimization is to produce the most economical to conduct the system. This paper discusses the process engineering strategy started from the determination method of the degree of freedom, design variables, process tools, economic parameters, and the optimization process. The distillation variable optimized in this study was limited to reflux ratio. The optimum variable was construed from the reflux ratio producing the lowest total annual cost (TAC). Furthermore, it was analyzed the energy cost as optimization parameter in the total annual cost (TAC) calculation method to obtain minimum reflux ratio in distillation unit.

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27

Serafimov, L. A., T. V. Chelyuskina, and P. O. Mavletkulova. "Special cases of determination of the minimum reflux ratio for distillation of binary mixtures." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 47, no. 3 (May 2013): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s004057951303010x.

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28

Kusano, Motoyasu. "A new index of severe reflux esophagitis: what does the minimum LES pressure represent?" Journal of Gastroenterology 39, no. 7 (July 2004): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-004-1394-x.

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29

Wang, Er Qiang. "Simulation and Optimization of Chlorobenzene Distillation Process." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.500.

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In general, two tower process was used to purify crude chlorobenzene, of which the primary tower is to remove benzene and water, and the rectification tower to remove higher boiling components. In this paper, simulation and optimization of such two tower process were done using the rigorous distillation column simulator RadFrac in Aspen Plus. The steady-state simulation results of temperature, flowrate and compositions can agree well with that of real plant. In addition, optimized design and operating parameters, such as minimum reflux ratio, minimum number of trays, feed stage, etc, were obtained and would be very important for industrial applications.

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30

Fatoorehchi, Hooman, and Hossein Abolghasemi. "Approximating the minimum reflux ratio of multicomponent distillation columns based on the Adomian decomposition method." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 45, no. 3 (May 2014): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.09.032.

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31

Wu, Wen Hai, and Tzy Neng Chiou. "Determination of feasible reflux ratios and minimum number of plates required in multicomponent batch distillation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 28, no. 12 (December 1989): 1862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00096a018.

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32

Levy, Sanford G., and Michael F. Doherty. "Design and synthesis of homogeneous azeotropic distillations. 4. Minimum reflux calculations for multiple-feed columns." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 25, no. 2 (May 1986): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i100022a015.

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33

Danish, M., M. Mubashshir, and S. Zaidi. "An Improved Restarted Adomian-based Solution for the Minimum Reflux Ratio of Multicomponent Distillation Columns." Indian Chemical Engineer 60, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2017.1301225.

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34

Yamada, Ikuho, Hideki Mori, Yoshihito Kato, Tsutomu Aragaki, Setsuro Hiraoka, Bing-Quang Zhang, and Seung-Tae Koh. "A method for solving operation type of multicomponent minimum reflux problem of complex distillation column." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 14, no. 6 (1988): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.14.810.

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35

Sun, Lan Yi, Cai Xia Qi, Jun Li, and Qing Song Li. "Design of Catalytic Divided Wall Column." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1589.

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The Catalytic Divided Wall Column (CDWC) for hydrolysis of methyl acetate (MeAc) is designed and optimized. Distillate rate and side rate of CDWC are used to maintain the desired product purities, and the minimum reboiler duty is obtained by changing the reflux ratio and vapor split ratio. The result shows that the new process can save energy consumption by 20.1%.

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36

CAGLAR, M., B. VOLKAN, and R. ALPAR. "Reliability of radionuclide gastroesophageal reflux studies using visual and time-activity curve analysis: inter-observer and intra-observer variation and description of minimum detectable reflux." Nuclear Medicine Communications 24, no. 4 (April 2003): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-200304000-00012.

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37

Levy, Sanford G., David B. Van Dongen, and Michael F. Doherty. "Design and synthesis of homogeneous azeotropic distillations. 2. Minimum reflux calculations for nonideal and azeotropic columns." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 24, no. 4 (November 1985): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i100020a011.

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38

Šiupšinskienė, Nora, Kęstutis Adamonis, and Robert Toohill. "Usefulness of assessment of voice capabilities in female patients with reflux-related dysphonia." Medicina 45, no. 12 (December 12, 2009): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45120125.

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Objectives. To analyze vocal capabilities in patients diagnosed with reflux related dysphonia versus controls with healthy voice with selection of the most informative discriminating quantitative parameters and to assess voice changes following treatment. Material and methods. Six parameters of voice range profile (VRP) and five parameters of speech range profile were taken and analyzed from 60 dysphonic outpatient females with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) diagnosed by reflux-related atypical and typical symptoms, videolaryngoscopic findings, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and positive response to empiric 3-month omeprazole treatment. Seventy-six females with healthy voice served as controls. Results. All six parameters of voice range profile and three of 5 parameters of speech range profile showed significant differences comparing LPR patients with controls before omeprazole treatment (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed VRP maximum-minimum intensity range to be the most informative parameter for discrimination between reflux-related dysphonic and healthy voices (overall prediction accuracy, 86.8%). A threshold value of significant parameter was stated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Treatment with omeprazole significantly improved voice quality showing the greatest changes in the mean scores of majority of voice range profile parameters. Conclusions. Vocal capabilities, especially evaluated by voice range profile, are restricted in LPR female patients in comparison to subjects with healthy voice. Quantitative voice assessment with voice range profile may add more objective aspect for screening dysphonia and could be used as a criterion of evaluation of treatment efficacy in such patients.

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39

Li, Ling, Hua Yan Zhang, Xiao Wei Li, Zi Hao Xu, Sen Wang, Xiao Hui Zhao, and Guo Yi Dong. "Minimum Particle Diameter of the Sulfur-Doped Nano-TiO₂ Transparent Hydrosol at Room Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.788.

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Sulfur-doped nanoTiO2transparent hydrosol with an average particle size of 3.8 nm was synthesized by a novel complexation-controlled hydrolysis method at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by using TiCl4, thiourea, organic carboxylic acid, NH3H2O, D-sorbitol etc. as raw materials. The composition, phase structure, particle size, absorbance spectrum, and photocatalytic performance of samples were characterized by XRD, nanolaser particle size analyzer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. In addition, the influence of reaction conditions in the synthesis process was also studied. The results indicate that when nanoparticle doped with 0.5% S, and the reflux time was 15 min, the photocatalytic performance of sulfur-doped TiO2hydrosol was best.

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40

Lambertini, Carlotta, Marco Pietra, Giorgia Galiazzo, Francesco Torresan, Stefania Pinna, Luciano Pisoni, and Noemi Romagnoli. "Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040144.

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Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common event during general anaesthesia but is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. The oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (END group; n = 12) or orthopaedic surgery (ORT group; n = 12) was measured using an oesophageal probe. The dogs were sedated with acepromazine or with methadone or butorphanol, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Of the 24 dogs in this study, 21 (87.5%) had an episode of GER during anaesthesia. The incidence of GER, as well as the first, the minimum, and the maximum pH values, did not differ significantly between the groups. The mean maximum difference versus the first pH value was higher for dogs in the END group (−2.6 ± 3.5) as compared with those in the ORT group (−0.7 ± 2.5), although they were not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The administration of methadone or butorphanol had no significant effect on the development of acidic reflux or biliary reflux. In the acepromazine-sedated dogs, the incidence of GER did not differ significantly between patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure and those undergoing orthopaedic surgery; however, during endoscopy, fluctuations in the oesophageal pH can be expected, even without any clinical signs of GER.

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41

NAKAIWA, Masaru, Masaru OWA, Takaji AKIYA, Shigetake KAWASAKI, Masahito SATO, Veerapot LUEPRASITSAKUL, and Takeichiro TAKAMATSU. "Minimum reflux ratio and possibility of energy saving on a plate-to-plate heat-integrated distillation column." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 31, no. 1 (1988): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.31.81.

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42

Brewer Gutierrez, Olaya I., Robert A. Moran, Pietro Familiari, Mohamad H. Dbouk, Guido Costamagna, Yervant Ichkhanian, Stefan Seewald, et al. "Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years: a multicenter study." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 05 (April 17, 2020): E650—E655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1120-8125.

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Abstract Background and study aims Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is associated with a short-term clinical response of 82 % to 100 % in treatment of patients with achalasia. Data are limited on the long-term durability of the clinical response in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing POEM for management of achalasia. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent POEM for management of achalasia. Patients had a minimum of 4 years follow-up. Clinical response was defined by an Eckardt score ≤ 3. Results A total of 146 patients were included from 11 academic medical centers. Mean (± SD) age was 49.8 (± 16) years and 79 (54 %) were female. The most common type of achalasia was type II, seen in 70 (47.9 %) patients, followed by type I seen in 41 (28.1 %) patients. Prior treatments included: pneumatic dilation in 29 (19.9 %), botulinum toxin injection in 13 (8.9 %) and Heller myotomy in seven patients (4.8 %). Eight adverse events occurred (6 mucosotomies, 2 pneumothorax) in eight patients (5.5 %). Median follow-up duration was 55 months (IQR 49.9–60.6). Clinical response was observed in 139 (95.2 %) patients at follow-up of ≥ 48 months. Symptomatic reflux after POEM was seen in 45 (32.1 %) patients, while 35.3 % of patients were using daily PPI at 48 months post POEM. Reflux esophagitis was noted in 16.8 % of patients who underwent endoscopy. Conclusion POEM is a durable and safe procedure with an acceptably low adverse event rate and an excellent long-term clinical response.

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Barbieri, Lavinia, Andrei Ilczysyn, Jafar Jafari, Abraham Botha, and Edel Smyth. "PS01.021: SHORT POEM GUIDED BY ENDOFLIP RESULTS IN LESS REFLUX RATE IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ACHALASIA." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.021.

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Abstract Background Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) has gained ground for achalasia tratment. Although laparoscopic Heller's-Dor (LHD) is a proven intervention, the cut of the inner muscular layer during POEM offers a goal-directed procedure. However, concerns regarding post-procedure reflux had been raised. As during POEM long myotomy is generally adviced, we decreased the length to reduce reflux after treatment. Methods 19 patients with type 1 or 2 achalasia underwent POEM guided intraoperatively by Endoflip® (Crospon Ltd., Galway, Ireland) to target the myotomy where the major point of tightness was. We aimed for an increase of compliance and distensibility of three times of the lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) via a short myotomy. We compared these patients with a historic control LHD group of 15 patients in terms of Eckardt's score, GERD-HRQL questionnaire, high-resolution manometry to check pressure of the LOS 24h pH-impedence to measure acid exposure with minimum follow-up of 9 months. Results Length of myotomy was 7 cm (6–10) for POEM and 9 cm for LHD. Median Eckard's score after POEM was 0.5 versus 2 for LHD group. Median Eckardt's score and GERD-HRQL were 0.5 vs 2 and 13 vs 15, respectively after POEM or LHD. 24h pH-monitoring revealed pathologic reflux in one patient after POEM and in 3 after LHD, with median acid % time of 0,1 vs 1,2. Data are summarized in table. Conclusion POEM is effective in achieving symptom relief in patient with achalasia. Although randomized data are not available, reflux rate after POEM with short myotomy guided by Endoflip is comparable with LHD and lower than the data of literature. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Leliqia, Ni Putu Eka, Elin Yulinah Sukandar, and Irda Fidrianny. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) V. STEENIS LEAVES EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21503.

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Objective: This study aims to determine antibacterial activity of Anredera cordifolia leaves extracts and fractions.Methods: Crude drug was extracted using two methods. First method was extraction by reflux using ethanol 96% and then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Second method was gradually extraction by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96%, respectively. Phytochemical screening was applied to all extracts and fractions, followed by thin-layer chromatography using ursolic acid, oleanolic acid (OA), apigetrin, and rutin as reference substances. A two-fold serial microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8939), E. coli H7 (O156), and ESBL E. coli. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were determined using minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratio.Results: The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of A. cordifolia from the first method had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, and B. cereus (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). However, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract from the second method had broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, which could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). Extracts and fractions showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, but n-hexane extract has most bactericidal activity. Furthermore, steroid/triterpenoid, ursolic, and OA were found in this extract.Conclusion: The n-hexane extract from the second method showed the highest antibacterial activity.

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Camilli, Daniele, Alessandro Platone, Massimo Ruggeri, and Sergio Furgiuele. "Use of a Novel Device in Reconstructive Venous Surgery: Preliminary Results." International Journal of Angiology 29, no. 04 (September 20, 2020): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715132.

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AbstractEvaluation of the outcomes of OSES (oval-shaped external support), a novel device for external valvuloplasty of the great saphenous vein (GSV) for the conservative treatment of superficial venous insufficiency. Between 2012 and 2015, 30 patients underwent external valvuloplasty of the GSV for a total of 32 limbs. Patients were subjected to clinical and instrumental follow-up by a half-year ultrasound for a minimum of 36 months. The main endpoints were the recurrence of varicose disease, persistent or recurrent venous reflux, and venous thrombosis. Varicose recurrence was verified in six limbs on 32 (18.75%). Four limbs (12.5%) presented a recurrence of the reflux even in the absence of varicose veins. Two limbs (6.25%) underwent saphenectomy after the valvuloplasty intervention at 12 and 18 months, respectively, because of the presence of saphenofemoral reflux and varicose recurrences. No case of venous thrombosis of the saphenous trunk was observed. The external valvuloplasty of the GSV is a well-known technique that used to treat the superficial venous insufficiency. The newly introduced OSES device seems to show better midterm results, due to a better alignment of the valve flaps. In our experience, the use of this device gives better long-term results and allowed to extend the indication to patients with saphenic diameters that were considered not eligible for repair. In conclusion, although our data needs further confirmation, OSES device might represents a new interesting opportunity for reconstructive venous surgery.

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Sangian, Hanny F., Anita R. Ibrahim, Handy I. R. Mosey, Joshua R. Rombang, Adey Tanauma, Guntur Pasau, Seni H. Tongkukut, et al. "Study of The Composition, Fuel Parameter, and Triangular Graph of A Gasoline and Aqueous Ethanol Fuel Blend in a Single Phase." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.8.8286.

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This study investigates the composition and fuel parameters of a fuel blend of aqueous ethanol and gasoline, with RONs (Research Octane Numbers) of 90 and 92, called pertalite and pertamax in Indonesia, respectively. The emulsion fuel blend of gasoline and ethanol was prepared successfully, and the concentrations ranged from 80 to 98% (v/v). The steps employed in this work are as follows: first, the fermentation of sugar tapped from a palm tree (Arenga pinnata). The obtained liquor containing ethanol was distilled using a reflux still to separate ethanol and water. The purity of the ethanol obtained from the reflux process ranged from 80 to 96%, depending on the column temperature set. Ethanol solutions of 97 and 98% purities were obtained through an absorption method employing lime particles. Subsequently, aqueous ethanol was blended with gasoline manually inside a flask. It was discovered that the minimum ethanol concentration, which could be blended with pertalite to form a single-phase substance, was 80%. By using 80% ethanol in the blending process, the composition ratio of pertalite, pure ethanol, and water was recorded as 1:11.65:2.91 (in volume unit), while this was not the case with pertamax. The minimum ethanol concentration that could be blended with pertamax to form a single-phase emulsion was 88%, with a composition ratio of 1:5.91:0.81. The composition proportions of the three components with 96% ethanol were 1:0.27:0.01 (RON 90) and 1:0.41:0.02 (RON 92). It was observed that the higher the ethanol concentration, the less the amount of ethanol required for the blending process with gasoline to form a single-phase emulsion.

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Gala, Selfina, Sumarno Sumarno, and Mahfud Mahfud. "Comparison of microwave and conventional extraction methods for natural dyes in wood waste of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 18, no. 4 (2020): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-23695.

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Natural dyes from mahogany are usually obtained by conventional extraction. This extraction process requires a large solvent, a long duration of the process so that the energy requirements are also higher. Therefore, the use of "green techniques" to extract natural dyes with a minimum of energy and solvent should be considered. One extraction method that has been developed is the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. In this work, the effects of microwave power, material to solvent ratio, and the heating time on the extraction results and the pigment components of the extract were examined. A comparison of the time required for reflux extraction and Soxhlet was also made. In microwave extraction, the highest yield was obtained at optimum extraction conditions such as microwave power of 600 W, the ratio of material to solvent of 0.02 g/mL, extraction time of 30 min. While for reflux and Soxhlet extraction, the extraction time needed to obtain optimum yield was 120 min and 720 min, respectively. Identification of compound components by the phytochemical test. Descriptions of the effects of microwave and conventional extraction are shown by damage to the surface structure of solid materials using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

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Bettencourt, Ana, Marián Castro, João Silva, Francisco Fernandes, Olga Coutinho, M. Sousa, M. Proença, and Filipe Areias. "New Nitrogen Compounds Coupled to Phenolic Units with Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities: Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102530.

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A selection of 1-amino-2-arylidenamine-1,2-(dicyano)ethenes 3 was synthesized and cyclized to 2-aryl-4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazoles 4 upon reflux in ethyl acetate/acetonitrile, in the presence of manganese dioxide. These compounds were tested for their antioxidant capacity by cyclic voltammetry, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and deoxyribose degradation assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration of all compounds was evaluated against two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Their toxicity was tested in mammal fibroblasts. Among the synthesised compounds, two presented dual antioxidant/antifungal activity without toxic effects in fibroblasts. The new compounds synthesized in this work are potential biochemical tools and/or therapeutic drugs.

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Milito, Pamela, Alberto Aiolfi, Simone Zanghi, Stefano Siboni, Emanuele Asti, and Luigi Bonavina. "PS01.102: MINIMALLY INVASIVE ENUCLEATION OF ESOPHAGEAL LEIOMYOMA: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES WITH FOCUS ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.102.

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Abstract Background Minimally invasive enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma may induce or aggravate gastroesophageal reflux disease, but scarce data are available in literature. Methods We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional single-center study investigating long-term outcomes of laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, and endoscopic enucleation with focus on quality of life and gastroesophageal reflux. Postoperative clinical and endoscopic data were compared to baseline. All patients underwent barium swallow study, endoscopy and completed the GERD-HRQL questionnaire after a minimum 1-year follow-up. Results Thirty patients were included in the study. There were 19 females and 11 males, median age 48 years (range 28–67). Thirteen (43.3%) patients underwent laparoscopic enucleation plus fundoplication (9 Toupet, 3 Nissen, 1 Dor), 12 (40%) patients thoracoscopic enucleation, and 5 (16.7%) patients endoscopic enucleation. Mean operative time was 149.1 ± 62.6 min. Mean tumor diameter was 5.4 ± 3.2 cm. There was no operative mortality. Overall morbidity rate was 16.6%, and no mucosal perforations occurred. Mean hospital stay was 4.0 ± 1.8 days. The mean baseline GERD-HRQL score was 4.25 (range 0–21) in the laparoscopic group, 3.4 (range 0–12) in the thoracoscopic group, and 5.7 (range 0–13) in the endoscopic group. Preoperatively, hiatal hernia was present in 6 patients (46.1%) in the laparoscopic group, in 4 patients (33.3%) in the thoracoscopic group, and in 2 patients (40%) in the endoscopic group. The mean follow-up was 58 months (range 3–192) (Table 1). Conclusion GERD symptoms were more common in patients after endoscopic enucleation. Primary laparoscopic enucleation combined with fundoplication allows effective long-term reflux control. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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DELGADO, Mauricio Godinho, and Gabriela Neves DELGADO. "A PROTEÇÃO E A INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA HUMANA TRABALHADOR E DO TRABALHO NO BRASIL REPÚBLICA: FLUXOS E REFLUXOS." Revista Juridica 4, no. 57 (October 5, 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v4i57.3792.

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RESUMOObjetivos: Este artigo objetiva analisar a dinâmica institucional e jurídica de proteção e inclusão da pessoa humana trabalhadora e do próprio trabalho na ordem jurídica da República do Brasil, com enfoque central nas inovações e aperfeiçoamentos propiciados pela Constituição Federal de 1988 no sistema trabalhista brasileiro oriundo das décadas de 1930 e 1940, nos distintos planos trabalhistas (Direito Individual, Direito Coletivo e Direito Processual do Trabalho) e o subsequente período de refluxo iniciado em 2016.Metodologia: A metodologia deste estudo é dedutiva, associada a técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da revisão de doutrina, periódicos, artigos científicos e legislação. O estudo foi estrategicamente dividido em uma pesquisa detalhada de temas que se relacionam estreitamente com o Direito do Trabalho.Resultados: Como resultado da pesquisa, conclui-se que, a partir de 2016 iniciou-se um período de intenso e generalizado refluxo no padrão de proteção e inclusão da pessoa humana trabalhadora e do trabalho no Direito brasileiro; e esse intenso refluxo atingiu, fortemente, todos os planos da seara trabalhista, o Direito Individual, o Direito Coletivo e o Direito Processual do Trabalho. A lógica e o direcionamento desse refluxo podem, em certa medida, ser enquadrados como parte das dinâmicas disruptivas verificadas, nas últimas décadas, na seara socioeconômica das relações trabalhistas. No plano do Direito Individual do Trabalho, a Lei nº. 13.467/2017 rebaixou, substancialmente, o patamar civilizatório mínimo justrabalhista até então vigente no País. Vários direitos trabalhistas tiveram sua abrangência profundamente reduzida, quer mediante a restrição do próprio conceito do respectivo direito, quer mediante a restrição de sua área de incidência. Outros direitos foram simplesmente extintos e novos institutos e procedimentos foram criados, com o sentido de restrição de direitos e garantias jurídicas.Contribuições: As referências aos momentos e situações de fluxos e refluxos na linha jurídica de proteção e inclusão da pessoa humana trabalhadora e do trabalho no Brasil República. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito do Trabalho; inclusão; Constituição de 1988; Refluxos trabalhistas de 2016. ABSTRACT Objectives: to point out the technological advances registered in the Brazilian Judiciary System in the digital age, mainly the benefits that the engineering has provided in the improvement of artificial intelligence tools which reflect in the speed of judgments, as well as defining the limits of the use of such resources in view of the of the peculiarities of the judging activity in an immersive and sometimes exclusive demand, in the dynamics between texts and contexts.Methodology: The methodology of this study is deductive coupled with techniques of bibliographical research by way of reviewing doctrine, journals, scientific articles and legislation. The study was strategically divided into a detailed investigation of themes that closely relate to the Labor Law. Results: As a result of the research, it is concluded that, starting in 2016, a period of intense and generalized reflux in the pattern of protection and inclusion of the human worker and labor in Brazilian law began; and this intense reflux affected, strongly, all the plans of the labor field, Individual Law, Collective Law and Procedural Labor Law. The logic and direction of this reflux can, to a certain extent, be framed as part of the disruptive dynamics verified in the last decades in the socioeconomic field of labor relations. In terms of Individual Labor Law, Law no. 13,467/2017 substantially lowered the minimum level of civilization in Brazil until then in force. Several labor rights had a profoundly reduced scope, either by restricting the concept of the respective right or by restricting its area of incidence. Other rights were simply extinguished and new institutes and procedures were created, with the sense of restricting rights and legal guarantees.Contributions: The discussion of working together between lawyers in the rational implementation of digital tools at their disposal and software engineers to simplify the legal world, through the development of intelligent systems, with the aim of understanding and applying their knowledge in the best way to solving questions about the administrative and technical complexity of the legal system, adequately responding to the demands of society.KEYWORDS: Labor Law; inclusion; Constitution of 1988; labor reflux of 2016

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