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1
Fedorets, Alexandra, and Carsten Schröder. "Economic Aspects of Subjective Attitudes towards the German Minimum-Wage Reform." FinanzArchiv 75, no. 4 (2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/fa-2019-0005.
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Naumovski, Ljupcho. "Business Law Service in the Workplace as a Career Trend or To Wage Erosion - Minimum Wage." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.183.
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The author, motivated and motivated by the importance of the minimum wage, tried to make the relevance of this paper based on inconsistencies in the equality of legal regulation of the minimum wage; the theoretical objectivity of the legal regulation of the minimum wage; controversial definition and meaning of minimum wage. Theme. Institution minimum wage in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Objectives. Theoretical and legal aspects of the minimum wage in CEE. The purpose of the research - Overview of CEEC in the economic field/relations regarding the current demand for the minimum wage to the workplace. Methodology. The dialectical method with the methods of formal-logical, system-structural, comparative legal and statistical analysis through the study of monographs, scientific literature, analysis of existing laws and regulations, data synthesis. The methodological basis of this work is the study of professional literary sources on this topic, their analysis and generalization so that this work will use excerpts from the above sources. Theoretical basis. The scientific basis of the research is the study of monographs, scientific articles of general theoretical and sectoral nature of scientists in the world. The empirical basis is from international legal acts, laws and other regulatory legal acts. In this situation, we mean the importance of the level of payment, but not the inadmissibility of determining a payment less than the minimum wage. However, for the minimum wage to fulfil its economic, social and legal function today, it must be set at a sufficiently appropriate level.
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Omelchenko, Irina, Oleg Dozortzev, Marina Danilina, and Alexander Safonov. "Study of the relationship between the size of the minimum wage with the achieved socio-economic indicators." SHS Web of Conferences 110 (2021): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111001047.
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The authors of this article focused on another aspect of poverty and carried out regression analysis of the data influencing the formation of the minimum wage in the labour market in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors determined the fact of leveling the importance of the federal minimum wage as a tool to influence the level of economic development of regions and reduce poverty. Also, the performed regression analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of poverty and unemployment rates on the decline in real wages in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Thus, the analysis showed that the main factors influencing the establishment of the minimum wage in the region are the median wages, the gross regional product of the subject and the subsistence minimum of the TN. Fixed capital investments do not directly affect the level of minimum wages.
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Миргород, Екатерина, Ekaterina Mirgorod, Лидия Архипова, and Lidiya Arkhipova. "Basic Aspects of Macroeconomic of Wage ControlAsan Indicatorof the Economic Resilience of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59816b94e59460.46423677.
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The article deals with the issues of state and collective-contractual salary regulation, as the most important indicators of the sustainability of the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation. The basic proportions in remuneration of labour in Russia and tendencies of their change in the light of their influence on the stability of the development of regions, the well-being of the population are analysed. The relationship between low size and wage imbalances and the scale of population poverty and social inequality is shown. The methods and instruments of regulation are described, the use of which would contribute to the creation of economic and organizational conditions for the formation of fair and decent wages. The territorial features of the ratio of wages and the value of the subsistence minimum are presented as an indicator of the differentiation of regions in terms of the standard of living of the population.
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Krajewska, Anna, and Stefan Krajewski. "Is the Minimum Wage Detrimental to the Economy?" Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3242.
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The minimum wage in Poland is relatively low. It amounts only 1,600 PLN in 2013. Therefore, it is no surprise that the trade unions have been making efforts to have it raised to the level of 50% of the average salary. However, this has been met with staunch resistance from employers. The liberal model of the economy, which dominates in Poland, favours employers. Moreover, the attitude of the government, politicians, the media, as well as many scientists towards this is not favourable. These are the objections usually raised against the increase of minimum wage: - raising the minimum wage entails unemployment growth; - an increase in the minimum wage entails an increase in the average pay, with a consequent increase in the inflation rate; - the amount of the minimum wage and its growth rate is frequently the basis for an index-linked pay increase in the budget institutions and some social benefits, which results in an increase in fixed budget spending, which is not justified economically; - the minimum wage level, regarded by employers as too high, results in the practice of paying workers outside the official payroll, thereby extending the grey area; - an increase in the minimum wage is a threat to businesses, especially to micro-enterprises, which operate on the brink of insolvency and may face bankruptcy; - an increase in the minimum wage raises the cost of labour and makes businesses less competitive. This paper, in its later part, provides arguments against the allegations. There is a one-sided view of the issue of the minimum wage in Poland. Wages are regarded exclusively as an element of the cost of labour and, as such, they should not increase as this is detrimental to entrepreneurs and to the economy. Such analyses disregard the social and economic (in a broad context) aspects of having a minimum wage.
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Mortikov, Vitalii. "About surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.10.
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The objective of the article — to analyze not only microeconomic, but macroeconomic aspects of surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market, to research economic policy oriented on its redistribution. The concept of employer/employee surplus in the labor market is clarified. This surplus is a socio-economical phenomenon, some noneconomic factors must be taken into account in researching it. The influence of inflation, social and age characteristics, changes in the market positions of labor market subjects on their salary offers and surplus has been determined. It makes sense to differentiate between nominal and real surplus, fixed surplus and surplus that can be influenced. The article presents grouping of job advertisements based on salary formulation. Informational aspects of the identifying economic surplus are considered. The author proposes direct and indirect indicators to reveal the changes in economic surplus: wage proposals in the vacancy announcements, salary reviews, resume data, population polls, prices for services of individual entrepreneurs, dynamics of unemployment and shadow employment etc. Potential of the government policy on surplus redistribution and the regulation of employer/employee behavior is substantiated. Some instruments aimed at such redistribution through incomes of employers, employees are proposed: minimum wages regulations, changes in taxation (personal income taxation, wage taxes); indexation of personal incomes, subsidization of wages, antimonopoly and administrative regulation of prices. The government can also influence the behavior of surplus receivers through immigration policy. The influence of some instruments on surplus regulation is contradictory. Minimum wage regulations can increase and decrease the surplus at the same time.
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Mayangsari Runtu, Elizabeth Irianti. "PELEPASAN HAK ATAS UPAH DALAM PERJANJIAN BERSAMA ANTARA PENGUSAHA DAN PEKERJA/BURUH." Jurnal HUKUM BISNIS 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31090/hukumbisnis.v3i1.836.
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Humans must work to maintain their survival, without working humans will not be able to maintain their lives well. Economic development is inseparable from the name of employment which covers all aspects of people's lives where labor and employers conduct a work relationship as an effort to meet the economic needs of the community. Work agreements between employers and workers cannot be separated from the discussion of the problem of the amount of wages and the method of payment. In accordance with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower Article 88 paragraph (1), paragraph (2) and paragraph (3a), the government establishes wage policies to protect workers in order to obtain income that fulfills decent livelihoods for humanity, including through minimum wages. In this thesis the constituent focuses on releasing the right to wages made by workers / laborers with a joint agreement between the parties, which also discusses sanctions imposed on employers if the employer pays a wage under the minimum wage stipulated by the local governor. And the compilation target in this journal is whether the release of rights in a collective agreement has binding power in the implementation of Constitutional Court No 72 / PUU-XIII / 2015 decision, of course in legal corridors as stipulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Labor. Hopefully this journal can be a useful reading and add insight to its readers.
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Sweking, Sweking, Aunurafik Aunurafik, Anang Najamuddin, and Firlianty Firlianty. "Profil Perikanan Tangkap Di Danau Barito Mati Desa Penda Asam Kecamatan Dusun Selatan Kabupaten Barito Selatan." EnviroScienteae 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v15i1.6330.
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This study aims to determine the description/profile of catch fisheries in lake Barito Mati from economic aspects, aspects of fishing and social community fisherman. This study was conducted for 2 weeks in the field to collect primary data and secondary data. The method used is the method of observation or direct observation with interview techniques using questionnaire (questionnaire), Respondents with the main job as a fisherman. Respondents as many as 19 (nineteen) people with experience as fisherman 4 years – 30 years. Capture fisheries profile in lake Barito Mati from the economic aspect, catch aspect and social aspect of society are summed up in good condition and deserve to be cultivated as the source of income with average profit Rp. 5.171.794,-/month above the value of Regional Minimum Wage (UMR) South Barito Regency Of 2017 of Rp. 2.546.000/ month.
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Zaitsev, S. V., A. E. Visalova, V. M. Lyamasova, and A. E. Izmailov. "Analyzing the level of wages in the Astrakhan Oblast." Finance and Credit 26, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.3.565.
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Subject. The article considers theoretical aspects of nominal, accrued, real, and disposable wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast in various areas of economic activity. Objectives. The study aims to review movements in wages and their level, develop methods for assessing wages, calculate and analyze real wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast. Methods. The study draws on the analysis of data on the number of employees and their wages and salaries in the Astrakhan Oblast, which are provided by the Office for National Statistics, and the calculation of indicators based on these data. Results. We analyzed trends in wage increase and the number of employed population in the Astrakhan Oblast. The paper systematizes theoretical aspects of wage assessment, presents calculated indicators of real wages and savings of the employed population. The indicators of savings are divided into groups reflecting the level of household wealth. We provide diagrams illustrating the demand for labor in the Astrakhan Oblast. The findings may be useful for the analysis of living standard in the said area, its socio-economic level. They are also helpful for formulating directions for the region's development. Conclusions. Despite the growth of nominal wages in most spheres of economic activity, more than half of the population of the Astrakhan Oblast do not have incomes to satisfy all their social and spiritual needs, since a large portion of income goes to the minimum needs of subsistence, payment for utilities, cellular communication services and internet, and transport.
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Pernica, Martin. "Conditions of Minimum Wage Indexation in Czech and Slovak Legislation in the Context of Business Economics." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2016-0016.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to assess – on the basis of a comparison of Czech and Slovak legislation relating to the conditions of the minimum wage indexation – whether it would be appropriate to use certain aspects of Slovak legislation in the Czech legislation and vice versa. When elaborating the article, some logical methods were used. In order to collect data, important employers were addressed in the South-Moravian Region. A carrying method used during the work was a comparison. Analyses were processed using the data of the Czech Statistical Office, the European Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. To evaluate the research, the percentage representation of positive and negative responses and Pearson’s Chi-square test were used. The paper presents the results of research whose aim was to get the views of entrepreneurs regarding the minimum wage level and conditions of its indexation. Employers supported the idea of maintaining the institution of the minimum wage. A predominant portion of companies would welcome it if the minimum wage were derived on the basis of an average wage, and the vast majority of companies would welcome the annual indexation of the minimum wage by inflation.
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Farias, Ana Gesselena Da Silva, Gabriela Silva Cruz, Juliana Costa Rodrigues, Francisco Cezanildo Silva Benedito, Daniel Freire de Sousa, and Ana Caroline Rocha de Melo Leite. "Bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects and their connection to the oral health behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 41, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 42649. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v41i1.42649.
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The objective of this study is to characterize, relate and compare bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects, hygiene perception, habits and behaviors in the oral health of students recently admitted to an international university. This is a descriptive and quantitative study conducted with 101 Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. For that purpose, a questionnaire was applied. The data were analyzed and submitted to Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. Male and Brazilian students predominated, followed by Guineans. Regarding the perception about oral health, 50.5% of Brazilian academics and 63.3% of non-Brazilian students considered it regular. Of the total participants, more than half of Brazilian and non-Brazilian students brushed their teeth 3 times a day. About dental floss, 98% of Brazilians know it and 76% of non-Brazilian didn’t use it. There was a significant association between the students with age lower than or equal to 18 years and the search for dental care, as well as income above one minimum wage and demand for this type of care. There were similarities and discrepancies between the behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. Factors such as age lower than or equal to 18 years and income above one minimum wage positively influenced the search for dental care.
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Aisyah, Sitti, and Sulastri Sulastri. "Tracing the Labor Absorption Rate in the Medium and Large Industrial Sectors." EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies) 7, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v7i2.17992.
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The high rate of population growth and the workforce raises the problem of job opportunities, because it involves various aspects both economic and non-economic. At the same time as massive industrialization, it is not automatically able to create adequate work. This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of the number of business units, the provincial minimum wage, and economic growth on the rate of labor absorption in the medium and large industrial sectors in South Sulawesi in the period 2010-2019. This research is expected to be one of the benchmarks for the government and private sector in paying attention to the absorption rate of labor in the industrial sector in South Sulawesi. The type of research used in this research is quantitative. The type of data used in this study is secondary data. The data used in this study are time series data in the years 2010-2019. The results of this study indicate that (1) the number of business units has a positive and significant effect on the rate of employment in the industrial sector in the province of South Sulawesi, (2) the provincial minimum wage has a negative and significant effect on the rate of employment in the medium and large industrial sector in South Sulawesi, (3) economic growth has a significant effect in a negative direction on employment in the medium and large industrial sectors in South Sulawesi. The government should design an industrialization policy direction that should be more inclusive, the incoming investment should be based on empowering local workers, reducing unemployment, creating more expansive employment opportunities and synergizing local economic development.Keywords: Economic Growth; Industry; Labor; Wages.
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Bílková, Diana. "Wage Level as One of the Most Important Indicators of the Quantitative Aspect of the Standard of Living of the Population and Selected Indicators of Economic Maturity in OECD Member Countries." Engineering Economics 31, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.3.23441.
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The present paper focuses on the comparison of wage levels across OECD countries, the research data coming from an official OECD website. The following eight variables are employed in this study – the average wage, minimum wage, GDP per capita, tertiary education attainment, employment ratio, trade unions, labour productivity and inflation rate. The average wage represents the main explained variable in regression and correlation analysis, the remaining seven variables being used as potential explanatory ones. In order to compare living standards in different countries, average and minimum wages as well as per capita GDP data were adjusted to relative purchasing power parity. The principal objective was to identify which explanatory variables statistically significantly affect the average wage. The analysis showed that only three of them – namely the employment ratio, GDP per capita and labour productivity – have a significant effect at a 5% statistical level. The regression hyperplane with a forward stepwise selection was applied. Nine clusters of OECD countries were created based on both all the eight variables and four of them selected in regression analysis (the average wage and three explanatory ones) with the aim to identify the countries that coexist in the same cluster. Ward's method and Euclidean distance are utilized in cluster analysis, the number of clusters being determined with the use of the Dunn index. The study also aims at the prediction of the average wage by 2022, which was made via exponential smoothing of time series. (The greatest purchasing power is reported by Luxembourg, Switzerland, Iceland, the U.S., the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Austria, the highest average wage growth rate by 2022 being expected in the Baltic and some other post-communist countries.)
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Amalia, Eka, and Liza Kurnia Sari. "ANALISIS SPASIAL UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA BERDASARKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PULAU JAWA TAHUN 2017." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v3i3.240.
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Unemployment is one of the economic problems faced by many countries. In Indonesia, the total workforce has reached 128.06 million and 7.04 million people are unemployed. The indicator to measure unemployment is open unemployment rate (TPT). Java Island becomes the island with the highest TPT, which is 4.04 million people, equivalent to 63.08 percent. The regions that have high TPT rates tend to be in the western region of Java, while the eastern region of Java is moderate. This is an initial allegation of regional influence so spatial analysis needs to be carried out. On the other hand, not many studies have included territorial effects. This study aims to spatially identify the influence of human development index (IPM), labor force particapation rate (TPAK), minimum wage and the dependency ratio on the number of TPT in Java in 2017 with the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the influence of IPM, TPAK, minimum wage and the dependency ratio on TPT in each area in Java. The most significant independent variables and have a positive relationship are minimum wage. This research also shows that GWR is suitable to be applied in modeling the number of TPT regencies /cities in Java Island in 2017. The results of this study can be used by the government in determining the right policy by looking at regional aspects in overcoming unemployment.
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Litvinova, Tatiana N., and Olga V. Vershinina. "The Social and Economic Aspects of Integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, no. 4 (2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6799.
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The paper examines the social and economic aspects of integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation. This study is making a new contribution to sociology, as it brings together social and economic statistics and studies of the population’s perception of the impact that the new region’s integration has had on Russian society (conducted as an online survey). We analyze the population’s quality of life indices: average per capita income, expense structure, and minimum wage. The study allows us to conclude that the region is falling far behind the national average per capita income, as well as the relevant figures in most other regions of the Southern Federal District. In order to provide a counterpoint to these statistics regarding Russians’ opinion on the consequences of the Republic of Crimea joining the country, we conducted a sociological online survey (n=1012) among both Crimean inhabitants and people living elsewhere in Russia. The survey shows that the evaluation of the peninsula’s integration into Russia is mostly positive (72%) and neutral (18%), and that a lot of Russians, even though they may never have even visited Crimea, show great concern regarding the region’s social and economic issues, such as the condition of its infrastructure, local tourism, banking and loan restrictions, etc.
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Gutsalenko, L. V., and D. O. Mokiienko. "Modern remuneration system in foreign country." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.01.040.
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The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation by states of their own minimum wage policy. It notes that there has been a positive economic change and an increase in demand among states due to increased political influence on the establishment of minimum wages. The data on the minimum wage for January 2020 has been studied and it was pointed that in 2020 Ukraine took the fifteenth place out of 54 countries in the growth rating of minimum wages in the world. Moreover, the main components of the system used at enterprises to provide incentives and increase productivity of employees have been determined. It is also noted that in some foreign countries there is a tendency to regulate and establish maximum wages of intellectual workers. The article gives a comparative analysis of wages of intellectual workers versus manual workers; and it indicates that the wages of intellectual workers are on average higher than wages of manual workers: in Germany – by 20%; in Italy and Denmark — by 22 %; in Luxembourg — by 44 %; in France and Belgium — by 61 %. In comparison with qualified workers, craftsmen earn more: in Germany – by 15%; in the Netherlands — by 23 %, in France— by 30 %, in Belgium — by 40 %. In the United States, lower-level executives (craftsmen, group and sector leaders) have an annual income on average 1.5 times higher than an annual income of manual workers. The article points out that foreign countries tend to use and combine various remuneration systems, each of which consists of two parts: basic (permanent) and additional (variable). It has been suggested to improve and develop new approaches to provide incentives for employees of domestic enterprises that will have a positive impact on their performance.
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Puślecki, Damian. "PRACTICAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF CONCLUDING HARVEST HELP CONTRACTS BY FARMERS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 10, 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2807.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the practical and financial issues that may arise from the application of the recently introduced provisions regulating a new type of contract - the harvest help contract. It can be concluded between a farmer and a farm worker providing help in agricultural activities during seasonal work. Attention was paid to new statutory definitions, with particular reference to the concept of a farm worker. The basic elements of the contract, the rights and obligations of the parties, including the financial duties imposed on the farmer regarding the performance of the contract and the obligation to insure the worker at KRUS were presented. The analyzed regulation raises many doubts, especially when determining the worker’s status. A farm worker may be a person providing help only to statutory limited specific harvest crops. Insurance protection is available only to some persons performing some specific activities and is limited to accident and health insurance only. It generates high costs for farmers who conclude short-term contracts with workers. The contract does not give the assistants any guarantee of minimum wage protection. This could lead to the risk of economic exploitation of assistants in the future.
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Grenčiková, Adriana, Ilona Skačkauskienė, and Jana Španková. "THE FEATURES OF LABOR EMIGRATION FROM THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." Business: Theory and Practice 19 (November 20, 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2018.27.
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Migration is historically a social phenomenon that not only has a significant effect on politics, economics, and social aspects but also presents challenges to the security of states and alters population composition in countries. Labor migration and its investigation are becoming a society-wide phenomenon because of the labor force shortage as well as the aging population. The Slovak Republic is a country that faces the outflow of qualified workers abroad, and the country’s index of aging is one of the most dynamic in Europe. The current study aims at examining the relations and the reasons for emigration to work from the Slovak Republic. To identify the causes of labor emigration in the Slovak Republic, a survey was conducted to explore the decisions of people to emigrate for work, the duration of the stay abroad and the possibility of returning to Slovakia. This study also analyses the relationship between GDP growth and improvement of the economic situation in Slovakia, the number of labor emigrants, as well as the relationship between the minimum wage and the number of labor migrants.
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Voznyak, Halyna, and Iryna Zherebylo. "Social aspects of Ukrainian economy development: current state and new challenges." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 5(139) (2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-5-5.
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Modern changes in the economy of Ukraine caused by the socio-political situation in the country as well as a number of initiated reforms encourage scientific exploration of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct a problem-oriented analysis of the social component of the economy of Ukraine. The article presents the results of a study of socio-economic development of Ukraine during the past five years. The following areas of analysis were selected: labor markets, poverty, unemployment, income / expenditures of the population. Low growth rates of the subsistence level are proven to be causing a decrease in social standards, which negatively affects the living standards of the population in Ukraine; a significant drop in real income of the population in 2014-2015 aggravated the purchasing power of the population; the increase in the share of wages and social benefits in the structure of the population's income during the analyzed period is an indication of the excessive dependence of the population's well-being on state support, as well as the absence of the so-called middle class in the country. The visible growth in the unemployment rate is caused by the military actions in the East of Ukraine, the deepening of the financial and economic crisis and the deterioration of the socio-political situation in the country. Emphasis is placed on differentiation in wages in economic sectors. Low level of the average salary in the budget sphere is proven to be caused by the peculiarities of calculating the size of the minimum salary on the basis of the subsistence minimum, which ultimately leads to the “depreciation” of the work of employees of the budgetary sphere and the reduction of the cost of highly skilled labor. Challenges to further development of Ukraine have been identified, such as excessive unemployment, poor level of remuneration, the level of social protection, military conflict in Eastern Ukraine among the key ones.
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Sotnikova, Yuliia, and Khalida Ahaverdiieva. "Psychological aspects of social security in Ukraine." Economics of Development 18, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.18(2).2019.05.
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Negative trends in the social sphere and the social problems that exist because of this lead to a sharpening of state national security issues. At the same time, domestic and foreign scholars do not pay sufficient attention to the psychological component of social security, which characterizes the subjective assessment of the state of the social sphere development by the population. This very aspect of social security has become a basis for the formulation of the research goal as an analysis of the state of social security of Ukraine in a regional context in accordance with the system of indicators taking into account the psychological component. The main methods of the investigation are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, cluster analysis method. The practical result is the definition of the main components of national security, special attention is paid to the analysis of the interpretation of the definition of “social security” by domestic scientists. The expediency of allocating the psychological component of social security has been substantiated. The list of social security indicators has defined in accordance with the methodological recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, namely: the ratio of nominal wages to the subsistence minimum per working age person; the ratio of the size of the labor pension to the subsistence minimum of the disabled persons; the number of HIV-infected persons with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people); the number of patients with active tuberculosis with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people; level of crime. The so-called indexes of social tension have been added to this list, which take into account the psychological aspect of the population of the state, namely: arrears of wages; the level of payment by the population of housing and communal services; the level of registered unemployment; the number of employees who were in forced full-time employment. A cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine has carried out on the basis of the listed social security indicators, which resulted in the definition of regions with high indicators of social security, namely: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Luhansk, Odesa and Kharkiv regions.
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Forth, John, and Alex Bryson. "State substitution for the trade union good: the case of paid holiday entitlements." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-06-2018-0022.
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Purpose The literature on the union wage premium is among the most extensive in labour economics but unions’ effects on other aspects of the wage-effort bargain have received much less attention. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature through a study of the union premium in paid holiday entitlements. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the size of the union premium on paid holidays over time, with a particular focus on how the premium was affected by the introduction of a statutory right to paid holidays. The data come from nationally representative surveys of employees and workplaces. Findings The authors find that the union premium on paid holidays is substantially larger than the union premium on wages. However, the premium fell with the introduction of a statutory minimum entitlement to paid leave. Originality/value This is the first study to examine explicitly the interaction between union representation and the law in this setting. The findings indicate the difficulties that unions have faced in protecting the most vulnerable employees in the UK labour market. The authors argue that the supplanting of voluntary joint regulation with statutory regulation is symptomatic of a wider decrease in the regulatory role of unions in the UK.
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Fonseca Travassos, Guilherme, Alexandre Bragança Coelho, and Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning. "The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (October 28, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0129.
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This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority of the elderly in Brazil receive some form of government income transfer that have a positive effect on poverty reduction in the segment. Finally, we show that there will be some future natural consequences and trends affecting the profile of the aging population, and that adjustments will need to be made by the government in terms of health and social security spending in order to mitigate the increased demands in these areas as the country's demographic change.
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Alfikriyadi Lutfi, Dwiki, Sumarji Sumarji, and Ahsin Daroni. "The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on The Productivity of Farmers in The Business of Layers in Blitar Regency." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 22, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.17.
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Blitar District is one of the areas that has potential in developing laying hens. However, laying hens in Blitar are still traditionally carried out and have not paid attention to aspects of effectiveness and efficiency economically. The purpose of the study was to find out the profile of farmer , test the level of farmer productivity and examine the effect of socio-economic factors (the age of farmer, education level, length of livestock raising and number of livestock) on labor productivity in laying hens in Blitar District. The study used a survey method with a sample of 22 sub-districts in Blitar District. The determination of the number of sub-districts was chosen using the purposive sampling method, so that 6 sub-districts were selected. Respondents were selected by the quota sampling method of 10 farmer in each selected region. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and statistically. To find out the social influence on productivity, classical assumption was tested and multiple linear regression tests. Based on the results of the study, the profile of laying hens in Blitar District carried out traditional farming systems with livestock ownership including high categories that had heterogeneous socio-economic status. Furthermore, labor productivity of laying hens in Blitar District is quite effective and efficient, because the value is greater than the minimum wage (UMR) of Blitar District. Age of farmers, education of farmers, and number of livestock have a significant influence on the productivity of laying hens farmers in Blitar District.
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Antes, Danielle Ledur, Daniela Furuzawa Ribeiro, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti, and Eleonora d'Orsi. "Socioeconomic profile of the elderly in Florianópolis: Comparative analysis studies Perfil do Idoso 2002 and EpiFloripa Idoso 2009." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, no. 1 (March 2014): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-790x201400010015eng.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the socioeconomic profile of the population aged 60 or older living in Florianópolis in 2002 and 2009. METHODS: Data were obtained through the studies Perfil do Idoso 2002 and EpiFloripa Idoso 2009 based on household surveys. RESULTS: There was a predominance of aged 60 to 69 years old, married and living with spouse and children. There was a significant improvement in the level of education and, on the economic aspects, retirement remains the main source of income, increasing the number of families receiving no more than three minimum wages and reducing those with monthly income above 10 minimum wages. The number of older adults who considers their current financial situation better than age 50 increased as the proportion of subjects with fair/poor self-perception health. It was also highlighted greater purchasing private health insurance. CONCLUSION: Comparison of the two studies presented here can support the actions of managers in order to bring effective results to the population.
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Feitosa, Anny Kariny, and Carlos Wagner de Oliveira. "PERFIL AGROSSOCIOECONÔMICO DE PRODUTORES RURAIS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO CARIRI CEARENSE." REVISTA GEONORTE 11, no. 38 (December 18, 2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21170/geonorte.2020.v.11.n.38.186.199.
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This article aims to diagnose the agrosocioeconomic profile of rural producers in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, through a case study applied in the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha. To this end, an interview was conducted with sixty farmers, twenty from each municipality, containing questions about family composition; gender, age, marital status, education level; exercise of other economic activity besides agriculture; family income; technical assistance; cultivation type; total area of the property and cultivated area; agricultural implements used on the property; the destination of production; among other aspects. The results found highlight the predominance of the male gender (61.7%), with the age group of 46 to 65 years (48.3%), elementary school (46.6%), with 70% of the interviewees among those without schooling and with fundamental level, 76.7% interviewees married or in a stable relationship, with exclusive income from agricultural activity of up to 1 (one) minimum wage, working in small properties, with an area of less than 5 (five) hectares. Among the products, poultry, corn and beans cultivation stand out, mainly family consumption (91.7%), with the surplus sold atlocal fairs (51.7%), delivered to school meals (30%) and sold, in 25% of cases, at the property's headquarters. The importance of strengthening the sector is reinforced through the creation of government policies to support and guarantee production and marketing in the region.
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Kalko, Andriy Dmytrovych, Oksana Volodymyrivna Yaromenko, Iryna Olegivna Osipchuk, and Nіnа Rostyslavivna Муronets. "LIFE QUALITY OF RIVNE REGION POPULATION: GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECT." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 52 (2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.52.60-66.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the general life satisfaction of the population of Rivne region by the constituent elements of life quality. Method. The method of population life quality research of Y.Krupnov was used. The general and static methods, systematic and structural analysis methods, comparative-geographical method have been applied. The regional and national statistics, profile agencies reports have been compiled. Results. The state of demographic well-being of Rivne region is defined as high, the region has one of the highest fertility rates in Ukraine and low numbers of natural decline. The assessment of the quality of life of the population in the category of "health" is with average values in Ukraine. The most common in the region are circulatory system diseases and neoplasms and a high mortality rate from injuries and poisoning. The average life expectancy of the population is 71.6 years and is slightly higher than in Ukraine. The security of the population of the region by individual and social conditions, especially by economic indicators, is low. There is a decrease in the number of general secondary education institutions in the region, but the increase in the number of preschool institutions Improvement in the region's communications corresponds to the level of improvement in Ukraine, and, in our opinion, indicates a sufficient level of quality of life for the population in this category. The average wage in the Rivne region is lower than the national average. The quality of life of the population of Rivne region is estimated as above average and the most effective directions of its growth are substantiated: the fight against poverty through expansion of employment and reduction of the unemployment rate; regulation of the minimum wage, increase of pensions; development and implementation of measures to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses, etc. Scientific novelty. The geographical aspect of the level of population life satisfaction of the studied region is revealed. For the first time the category "life quality" was systematically analyzed by its structural elements on the example of Rivne region. Practical importance. This research results reveal the level of life satisfaction of the population of Rivne region in comparative-geographical aspect and measures to increase it. They can be used to analyze the life quality of the other Ukraine regions population. They can be applied in drawing up programs of regional socio-economic development.
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Gushi, Lívia Litsue, Maria da Candelária Soares, Tania Izabel Bighetti Forni, Vladen Vieira, Ronaldo Seichi Wada, and Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa. "Relationship between dental caries and socio-economic factors in adolescents." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 3 (September 2005): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000300019.
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Dental caries has a multifactorial etiology, including socio-economic variables and access to dental care, which were discussed in the national survey conducted in 2002. The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-economic aspects and access to dental care, associated with caries prevalence and severity in adolescents from the State of São Paulo. The study design was cross-sectional, on which data on 1,825 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years achieved from the data of an epidemiological survey conducted in the State of São Paulo in 2002 were analyzed. Epidemiological exams and interviews with previously formulated questions were used in the survey. The Significant Caries Index (SiC Index) was utilized to determine the group with higher caries experience. Frequency distribution and chi-square association tests were carried out in order to evaluate the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable (DMFT). Confidence intervals and odds ratio (OR) were estimated. The risk factors pointed as indicators of presence of dental caries were as follows: not being a student, studying at public schools, family income lower than 5 Brazilian minimum wages. Moreover, not having an own house or a car seemed to contribute to caries experience. With regard to the access to public dental care, the adolescents assisted at public centers and looking for emergency dental care had the higher caries experience. Thus, the results showed that social deprivation is associated with caries experience in adolescents from the State of São Paulo.
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Ram, Monder, Paul Edwards, Trevor Jones, and Maria Villares-Varela. "From the informal economy to the meaning of informality." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2017): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2016-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess ways in which informality can be understood and reviews an emerging area of management scholarship. The origins and nature of informality are discussed with the aid of two different theoretical tools: “workplace sociology” (WS) and “mixed embeddedness” (ME). Design/methodology/approach The analysis is grounded in empirical material reflecting different aspects of informality mainly within the ethnic economy, such as a study on the implementation of the National Minimum Wage regulations (Ram et al., 2007; Jones et al., 2004, 2006). Findings The authors argue that the combination of WS and ME provides a valuable means of content and character of informality. It can also help to explaining variations and patterns within the informal economy, as well as understanding new forms of informality in the ethnic economy and beyond in “superdiverse” contexts. Originality/value This paper bridges two different theoretical approaches to explain the interactions between the firm and state regulations, as well as the workplace relations between employer and employees.
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Diakovych, Lina. "Problematic aspects of the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(92) (March 3, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.02.071.
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Introduction. In order to further move towards the European Economic Area, Ukraine needs to take pension reform measures. Pension provision in Ukraine has to be profoundly reformed in terms of regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine. What is of particular importance is improving Ukraine’s laws and methods for calculation and pension payments to citizens. Another important focus of the reform agenda is to define categories of people eligible for old-age pensions, disability pensions, and long- service pensions. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to interpret the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine; to describe changes in pension payments before and after the reform was implemented; to highlight ways of improving pension payments in terms of regulations and legislation. Methods. The research methods used in the article include: analysis; comparison; historical method to consider the legislative framework for calculating pensions at different periods of time. Results. The regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine is a complex system comprising the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine, the Labour Code of Ukraine, decrees, Presidential decrees, International agreements and laws of the USSR. Some of these regulations and legislation need to be revised and amended in order to bring them in line with contemporary practices and modern standards. It is claimed that since 2017, Ukraine’s government has been implementing the pension reform aimed at relieving the pressure on the working-age population and improving living standards for retired people. In particular, the retirement age has been raised, eligibility criteria for preferential pensions have been revised, and methods for calculating pensions have been changed. The Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine argues that the new pension reform is expected to enhance social, labour and post-retirement relations, to increase tax revenues through reporting real salaries, to develop a framework of social justice when calculating pensions. The author points out that the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions is outdated at this stage and it requires changes. The considered changes are as follows: the establishment of a working group for entitlement of preferential pensions; the introduction of wage differentials by industries and occupations; the increase of pensions in line with inflation and age; the implementation of notional defined contribution pension system; the introduction of the new Labour Code and Pension Code, which are expected to regulate labour and post-retirement relations and meet modern standards. It is also indicated that continued employment should be enforced by legislation and a system of granting advantages and social security benefits to those who retire later needs to be developed. In terms of legislation, sufficient regard should be given to non-state pension schemes, defined contribution pension systems, and the principle of fairness when it comes to pension entitlements. It is also crucial to adjust pension amounts and retirement age to align with the sustainability ratio and the average life expectancy. Discussion. Further research of regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine should be focused on the development of the Pension Code and improvement of the existing laws relative to pension calculation and payment. The author also suggests differentiating minimum wages by industries and regions and countering the illicit labour market and campaigning against payments ‘in envelope’, because official wages are the basis for calculating pensions.
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Henly, Julia R., Susan J. Lambert, and Laura Dresser. "The New Realities of Working-Class Jobs: Employer Practices, Worker Protections, and Employee Voice to Improve Job Quality." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 695, no. 1 (May 2021): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162211028130.
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Over the last 40 years, changing employer practices have introduced instability and insecurity into working-class jobs, limiting the voice that employees have in their own employment and deteriorating overall job quality. In the decade after the Great Recession, slow but sustained economic growth benefitted workers in terms of generally higher employment and wages and reductions in involuntary part-time work. But we show that in that same period, other aspects of working-class jobs changed in ways that were less advantageous to workers. We examine recent, troubling trends in nonstandard employment, precarious scheduling practices, and employer labor violations, arguing that without the introduction of policies that rebalance terms of employment toward worker interests, an economic recovery alone is unlikely to reverse the overall trend toward reductions in job quality. We argue for federal-level policies that expand public insurance programs, establish minimum standards of job quality, and include avenues for collective employee voice in employment and public policy debates. Such strategies have potential to improve job quality.
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Zadneprovsky, Rem. "Quality of Life, Using Science and Economic Growth and Mathematical Analogue Model of Their Indices." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 2 (February 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.2.4.
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The aim of the work is to use the mathematical modeling apparatus to discover the relationship between real indicators of economic growth and well-being of the population with the quality of life of individual citizens. The subjective perception of the quality of life by the subject and the researcher makes this problem quite difficult for mathematical formalization. Digitalization of all types of human activity becomes one of the problematic aspects for modeling its status in the surrounding society. On the other hand, it allows you to Bank available solutions to the main tasks in human activity to create a comfortable living environment. The technique of formalization is considered and applied from the standpoint of General laws of motion and time dynamics of processes in natural environments (mechanical, electrical, biological systems), which may have a damping or exponential-wave character. Based on the proposed dependent equations, we offer a minimum list of factors that are necessary for the construction of predictive models. Taking into account the proposed factors, prognostic models are made that allow determining the current state of human quality of life with a sufficiently high probability in connection with the dynamic characteristics of the environment and socio-economic conditions of its life.
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DI VITA, Giuseppe. "THE INTERNATIONAL STRENGTHENING OF IPR AND AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT: THE ROLE OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 23, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 316–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1072752.
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This paper comes in the wake of the literature considering technological progress as the main device to offset air pollution caused by economic activity. The issue has been extensively studied in general, but there is no previous research on the effects that an international strengthening of legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) due to the Uruguay Round Agreement and the Annex on Trade-Related aspects of the IPR (TRIPs, for short), underwritten in 1994, may have had on worldwide emissions, as a result of the discovery of new or more efficient air pollution abatement technologies. Different econometric models are used to give a quantitative measure of the TRIPs agreement to reduce air pollution. In particular, the impact of the TRIPs is addressed using a dummy variable and the index of Ginarte and Park (Ginarte, Park 1997) that is one of the more commonly used indicators of TRIPs enforcement employed in economic literature. The findings of this research partially support the idea that the strengthening of a uniform minimum standard protection level of IPR, among the member countries of the World Trade Organization, may help to reduce air pollution emissions.
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Artemov, N. M., and К. A. Ponomareva. "Elements of progressive personal income taxation in the context of the principle of forward and backward links." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(1).68-79.
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The idea of progressive tax scale in Russia received a fundamentally new development in 2020. The leading position of the personal income tax in most countries is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is a personal tax, the object of which is the income actually received by the payer, and not the estimated average income that could be received in specific economic conditions. Second, income tax allows to maximize the implementation of the basic principles of taxation – universality and uniformity. In recent decades, national regimes of personal income taxation regimes have been actively developed both in foreign countries and in Russia. Purpose of the study. The article considers the elements of progressive taxation of personal income in the context of the principle of direct and inverse relations. Dealing with selected provisions of the national legislation of European countries and Russia the article shows that elements of progressive taxation can be applied only in particular aspects. The proposals of taxation of rich taxpayers are also brought into light. Methodology. The research was carried out with the application of the formally legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and European legal literature. Structural and systemic methods are also the basis of the research, The main results. The establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the model of behavior of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will apply personal income tax evasion schemes. In addition, the results of a comparative analysis of the experience of the EU Member States show the ineffectiveness of the progressive income tax scale as a tool to combat social inequality. The comparison provided in the research also examines the problems of proportional and progressive taxation in the context of the principle of equity. In the context of the practice of applying progressive taxation, the experience of foreign countries is studied. Based on foreign experience, it can be concluded that the introduction of family taxation would require a fundamental change in the basis of income taxation in the Russian Federation, as well as would entail discrimination of taxpayers in terms of registered and civil marriage and abuse in order to extract tax benefits. The authors conclude that a more appropriate option for taking into account family circumstances is the widespread use of tax deductions. Since Russian legislation does not establish poverty criteria, personal income tax is levied even on income in the amount of the subsistence minimum. This also does not correspond to the principle of social justice, because in the absence of such criteria, poverty cannot be considered a basis for tax exemption. Thus, the establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the model of behavior of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will apply personal income tax evasion schemes. We believe that in the context of the principle of equity, the essence of progressive taxation is not the establishment of several tax rates and is not determined by the number of tax deductions that can be granted only to a small number of persons, including wealthy taxpayers, but that it reflects the ability of a person to pay tax. In our opinion, this ability should be guaranteed by the exemption from taxation of the minimum amount of income (minimum wage). Сonclusions. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the behavior model of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will use personal income tax evasion schemes. In addition, the results of a comparative analysis of the experience of the EU member States show the ineffectiveness of the progressive income tax scale as a tool to combat social inequality. It is proposed to apply only elements of progressive taxation when reforming the Russian tax regime for individuals, namely, to establish a nontaxable minimum in the amount of the minimum wage, which will ensure tax fairness for taxpayers with lower-average incomes.
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Watanabe, Minoru. "Minimum Wage, Public Investment, Economic Growth." Theoretical Economics Letters 03, no. 05 (2013): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2013.35048.
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Artemov, Nikolay M., and Karina A. Ponomareva. "Taxation of personal income in the context of issues of social fairness." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).46-55.
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The subject. The leading position of the personal income tax in most countries is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is a personal tax, the object of which is the income actually received by the payer, and not the estimated average income that could be received in specific economic conditions. Second, income tax allows to maximize the implementation of the basic principles of taxation - universality and uniformity. In recent decades, national regimes of personal income taxation regimes have been actively developed both in foreign countries and in Russia. Purpose of the study. The article shows the results of analysis of the framework of personal income taxation in the Russian Federation in the context of the principle of the social fairness. Dealing with selected provisions of the national legislation of European countries and Russia the article shows that elements of progressive taxation can be applied only in particular aspects. The proposals of taxation of rich taxpayers are also brought into light. Methodology. The research was carried out with the application of the formally legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and European legal literature. Structural and systemic methods are also the basis of the research, The main results. After studying the European experience of personal income taxation the authors come to the conclusion that some of the ideas described can be transferred to the Russian tax legislation, but this should be done with caution. It is not necessary to introduce a progressive tax system in its pure form in the Russian Federation, but it is worth considering options for switching to a dualistic system. The authors believe that the elements of borrowing foreign experience should be aimed rather at a fair distribution of benefits, for example, through rules that fix tax benefits. Conclusions. The following proposals can be formulated to improve the legal regulation of personal income taxation in the Russian Federation: the distinction between taxation of taxpayers with ultra-high incomes and those with minimal incomes should be based not on the income criterion, but on the expenditure criterion; to establish a non-taxable minimum in the amount of the minimum wage, which will ensure tax fairness for taxpayers with lower-average incomes; to review the criteria of taxation of luxury vehicles, raising the border separating the mass and premium segments of the Russian car market by at least two times - up to 6 million rubles. The best solution would be to abolish the vehicle tax and impose an increased excise tax on fuel and lubricants for personal transport.
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Pollin, Robert. "ECONOMIC PROSPECTS: Making the Federal Minimum Wage a Living Wage." New Labor Forum 16, no. 2 (March 2007): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10957960701279306.
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Shyian, Dmytro, Natalia Ulyanchenko, and Elena Kovalyova. "WAGES AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4540.
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The dynamics of the minimum wage and subsistence level in Ukraine. The analysis of the level of the minimum wage, social guarantees; the procedure of its formation in Ukraine; conclusions on a low level of social standards: a living wage and the minimum wage. The dynamics of growth rates relative to average wage. Also the analysis of wage levels in some regions of the country during 2013-2015.
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Dube, Arindrajit, Suresh Naidu, and Michael Reich. "The Economic Effects of a Citywide Minimum Wage." ILR Review 60, no. 4 (July 2007): 522–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390706000404.
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This paper presents the first study of the economic effects of a citywide minimum wage—San Francisco's adoption of an indexed minimum wage, set at $8.50 in 2004 and $9.14 by 2007. Compared to earlier benchmark studies by Card and Krueger and by Neumark and Wascher, this study surveys table-service as well as fast-food restaurants, includes more control groups, and collects data for more outcomes. The authors find that the policy increased worker pay and compressed wage inequality, but did not create any detectable employment loss among affected restaurants. The authors also find smaller amounts of measurement error than characterized the earlier studies, and so they can reject previous negative employment estimates with greater confidence. Fast-food and table-service restaurants responded differently to the policy, with a small price increase and substantial increases in job tenure and in the proportion of full-time workers among fast-food restaurants, but not among table-service restaurants.
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BROSNAN, PETER, and FRANK WILKINSON. "A NATIONAL STATUTORY MINIMUM WAGE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY." Contributions to Political Economy 7, no. 1 (March 1988): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cpe.a035722.
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Mikuła, Aneta. "Wynagrodzenie minimalne a ubóstwo, nierówności dochodowe i bezrobocie w Polsce." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 112 (January 13, 2016): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2015.112.50.
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The minimum wage is the wage policy instrument, entailing both economic and social consequences. Supporters of the minimum wage emphasize its role in reducing poverty and reducing income inequalities. In turn, opponents focus on its economic effects, i.e. increase in labor costs and decline in employment. The article focuses on identifying the impact of the minimum wage on reducing poverty and income inequality. The first part contains definitions and the economic and social functions of the minimum wage. The next section presents changes in the minimal salary level in Poland and its relation to the average salary in the years 2003–2014. The rest of the article attempts to assess the effectiveness of raising the minimum wage in combating poverty and reducing income inequality. The effectiveness of this solution is minimal, both in terms of the whole society, as well as socio-economic group, which should benefit most from these effects, i.e. employees.
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Neumark, David, and William Wascher. "Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws." ILR Review 46, no. 1 (October 1992): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204600105.
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Using panel data on state minimum wage laws and economic conditions for the years 1973–89, the authors reevaluate existing evidence on the effects of a minimum wage on employment. Their estimates indicate that a 10% increase in the minimum wage causes a decline of 1–2% in employment among teenagers and a decline of 1.5–2% in employment for young adults, similar to the ranges suggested by earlier time-series studies. The authors also find evidence that youth subminimum wage provisions enacted by state legislatures moderate the disemployment effects of minimum wages on teenagers.
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Adhilla, Arikha Nur, and Sri Herianingrum. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMISKINAN DI JAWA TIMUR PERSPEKTIF ISLAM." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 6 (July 11, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss20206pp1002-1017.
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The purpose of economic development in Islam is to achieve falah (happiness in the world and the hereafter). One of the main indicators of the success of economic development is the low level of poverty. Poverty is a complex problem that needed to solve. Several factors that influence poverty are economic growth and district/ city minimum wage. This research aims to know the influence of economic growth and district/city minimum wage on the poverty level in East Java in 2012-2016. The approach used is the quantitive research with regression analysis of the fixed-effect model (FEM) panel data. The result of the t-test in this research indicates that both economic growth and district/city minimum wage has a significant negative effect on poverty. Simultaneously, the two variables have a significant effect on poverty in East Java in 2012-2016Keywords: Economic Growth, Minimum Wage, Poverty, Islamic Macro Economic
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Prawira, Syurifto. "PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, UPAH MINIMUM PROVINSI, DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ecogen 1, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v1i1.4735.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of economic growth, provincial minimum wage, and education level on open unemployment rate in Indonesia in 2011-2015, either simultaneously or partially. Using panel data with Fixed Efect Model (FEM) approach and using secondary data of 33 provinces in Indonesia. The model estimation results show that the variable of economic growth, provincial minimum wage, and education level simultaneously have significant effect on open unemployment rate in Indonesia. While the partial variable of economic growth has a negative effect but no significant effect on the unemployment rate. The provincial minimum wage variable is partially positive and significant to the unemployment rate. The variable of educational level also have positive and significant effect to unemployment rate. The government is expected to pay serious attention to economic growth, minimum wage system, improving the quality of education, the issue of availability of employment opportunities. Keyword: Economic Growth, Wage, Education, and Unemployment
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Guy, Leondre A. "Procedural Fairness: Minimum Wage or Minimum Democratic Governance?" Studies in Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): p16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v1n1p16.
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This article critically examines the Ontario government announcing in its 2007 budget that it would increase the minimum wage incrementally, the last hike to occur in March 2010. In March 2009, Premier McGuinty met with business leaders in a private, behind closed doors meeting. News of this leaked out revealing that he stated that he might cancel the remaining increases given economic conditions. Pressed by reporters to explain his apparent flip flop, and shamed by the lack of transparency, he reversed himself again saying this: When we talk about the minimum wage, we have to ask ourselves what it is that we owe both our workers and employers. I think clearly we owe them fairness. Our commitment was to get $10.25 an hour one year from now and we will honour that commitment. This article will review the procedural fairness issues arising in this scenario including both the legal definition and the political implications for democratic governance.
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Hasibuan, Lailan Syafrina, Rahma Nurjanah, and Etik Umiyati. "Faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi inflasi Provinsi-Provinsi di Sumatera." e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pdpd.v8i1.4899.
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This study aims to: 1) analyze inflationary developments, road infrastructure, government spending, provincial minimum wage, and economic growth provincial in Sumatra; 2) analyze the influence of road infrastructure, government spending, provincial minimum wage, and economic growth provincial in Sumatra. This research uses a descriptive analysis method to determine the development of each research variable and quantitative methods using panel data regression approach random effect. Based on the descriptive analysis of inflationary development, road infrastructure stagnated, government spending, provincial minimum wage, and economic growth was increased every year. The regression of panel data with random effect approach variable of the provincial minimum wage has a positive and significant influence on the inflation of provincial in Sumatra. While road infrastructure, government spending, economic growth have no significant effect on provincial inflation in Sumatra. Keywords: Inflation, Government spending, Economic growth.
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ORR, JOHN. "THE ECONOMIC BASIS OF THE MINIMUM WAGE IN AGRICULTURE." Journal of proceedings of the Agricultural Economics Society 1, no. 4 (November 5, 2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1931.tb01881.x.
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Ford, William F., Travis Minor, and Mark F. Owens. "State Minimum Wage Differences: Economic Factors or Political Inclinations?" Business Economics 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/be.2011.37.
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Krueger, Alan B. "The History of Economic Thought on the Minimum Wage." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 54, no. 4 (September 11, 2015): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12104.
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Siswoyo, Siswoyo, and Asrini Asrini. "Faktor–Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Inflasi Provinsi di Sumatera." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v5i2.201.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to know and analyze inflationary developments, road infrastructure, government spending, provincial minimum wage and economic growth provincial in Sumatra. know and analyze the influence of road infrastructure, government spening, provincial minimum wage and economic growth provincial in Sumatra. This research uses descriptive analysis method to know the development of each research variables and quantitative methods by using panel data regression approach random effect. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of inflationary development fluctuate, road infrastructure stagnated and government spending,provincial minimum wage and economic growth incresed every year. While the result of regression of panel data with random effect approach variable of provincial minimum wage have positive and significant influence to inflation of provincial in sumatra. While road infrastructure, government spending, economic growth have no significant effect on provincial inflation in Sumatra.
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Beauchamp, Andrew, and Stacey Chan. "The Minimum Wage and Crime." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 1213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0130.
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Abstract Does crime respond to changes in the minimum wage? A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that increases in the minimum wage have a displacement effect on low-skilled workers. Economic reasoning provides the possibility that disemployment may cause youth to substitute from legal work to crime. However, there is also the countervailing effect of a higher wage raising the opportunity cost of crime for those who remain employed. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort to measure the effect of increases in the minimum wage on self-reported criminal activity and examine employment–crime substitution. Exploiting changes in state and federal minimum wage laws from 1997 to 2010, we find that workers who are affected by a change in the minimum wage are more likely to commit crime, become idle, and lose employment. Individuals experiencing a binding minimum wage change were more likely to commit crime and work only part time. Analyzing heterogeneity shows those with past criminal connections are especially likely to see decreased employment and increased crime following a policy change, suggesting that reduced employment effects dominate any wage effects. The findings have implications for policy regarding both the low-wage labor market and efforts to deter criminal activity.