Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mining law Water

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mining law Water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Gaag, Peter Van Der. "Mining water from gypsum." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 8, no. 3 (2008): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2008.018642.

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Feng, Shao Jie, Xue Fang Zhao, and Shi Guo Sun. "The Numerical Simulation of Overburden Strata Failure Law by Full-Mechanized Caving Mining in Extra Thick Coal Seams." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1179.

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Given the irrationality and limitations in thick coal seam of the empirical formula of height of water flowing fractured zone , this article reveals the special thick seam fully mechanized mining damaging rules of overlying rock and determines the height of water flowing fractured zone with 3D finite element numerical simulation,according to the complex geological conditions and the special thick seam fully mechanized mining methods of Laohutai ore mining working face E5400 as an example. Results show that the destruction of repeated mining area of the overlying rock will have superposition effect and the superposition effect will increase with the development of mining; the fracture sharp of water fracture zones is in close proximity to the "arch". Simulation results and the actual detection height fitting is better, so it assesses the range of overburden water flowing fracture zones and rationality of the height.
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Zhang, Meng, Yidong Zhang, Ming Ji, Hongjun Guo, and Haizhu Li. "Research on Physical Similarity Simulation of Mining Uphill and Downhill at the Large-Angle Working Face." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7696752.

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With the development of coal mining and the continuous expansion of mining intensity, large dip angle comprehensive mechanized coal mining as an important development direction and goal has become a worldwide research topic in the coal industry. The working face faces many production problems that need to be solved, such as the large-angle downhill mining, the large-angle uphill mining, and other complicated geological conditions (such as skew, anticline, and fault). In view of the above problems, with the specific conditions of Xinji No. 2 Mine, through the physical similarity simulation, the research on the roof movement law of the fully mechanized mining face under the mining conditions of large dip angle (depression angle and elevation angle are more than 40° and 20°, respectively) is studied. The distribution law of abutment pressure, movement law, and distribution range of water-conducting fracture zone after mining are emphasized. Meanwhile, the paper analyzes and compares the related mining pressure law of inclined longwall fully mechanized mining face under general conditions, forming a systematic, comprehensive, and scientific understanding of the law of mining pressure under such conditions. This achievement is of great significance to the prevention and control of water, support design, safety production, environmental improvement, improvement of enterprise efficiency, and advancement of coal science and technology.
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Wan, Feng, Hongqing Zhang, Peijun Zhou, and Jie Guo. "Determination of Water-Proof Coal (Rock) Pillar Height in Mining Coal Seam Group under Water-Bearing Rock Stratum." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6699726.

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In order to determine the reasonable height of water-proof coal (rock) pillar when mining multiple coal seams under aquifer, this paper analyzes the expansion height of water-conducting fracture zone when coal seams mining. Considering the expansion law of water-conducting fracture zone in coal seams mining, two schemes of coal seams mining in upper and lower groups and one-time mining of all coal seams are designed for comparative analysis, and the height of water-proof coal (rock) pillar is determined based on the expansion height of water-conducting fracture zone. The results show that the height of water-proof coal (rock) pillar is calculated as 91.08 m when mining upper and lower groups and 105.46 m when mining all coal seams at the same time. According to UDEC numerical simulation results, the height of water-proof coal (rock) pillar is 56.08 m when mining upper and lower groups and 86.36 m when mining all coal seams at the same time. Comparing the results of theoretical calculation and numerical analysis, the maximum value is selected as the final result, and the reasonable water-proof coal (rock) pillar height is determined to be 105.46 m.
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Guo, Li, and Bing Xie. "Study on the Stochastic Law of Gob Stowing Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.502.

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The cut-and-fill mining is the main content of the technical system of green coal mining. And it is an effective way for solving the environmental problems and mining the coal under buildings, under railway, under water and over confined aquifer. No matter what kind of filling way, the gob stowing cannot achieve ideal filling effect, the filling effect is random in certain scope. Taking a coal mine as an example, with the aid of stochastic finite element method, the three situations of gob stowing were calculated and analyzed to explore the statistical rule of the ground surface settlement and the stability of surrounding rock because of random variation of gob stowing effect.
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Wen, Zhijie, Suolin Jing, Yujing Jiang, et al. "Study of the Fracture Law of Overlying Strata under Water Based on the Flow-Stress-Damage Model." Geofluids 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3161852.

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To accurately detect the development height of the water flowing fractured zone (WFFZ) in the overlying strata of the working face after mining under water and to ensure the safety and reliability of coal mining, the coal seam located under Weishanhu Lake in the Jisan coal mine was used as the experimental system. A similar laboratory simulation and water injection-based fracturing test system were used with the working face before and after mining activity to calculate, quantitatively detect, and qualitatively analyze the development height of the WFFZ in the overlying strata. Meanwhile, a flow-stress-damage model and its criterion of fracture expansion were established based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, and the FLAC 3D software was used to simulate the deformation and failure of the overlying strata and the evolution of WFFZ during the mining process. The results showed that the height ranges of the WFFZ beneath Weishanhu Lake of the Jisan coal mine as established by the above three methods are 30-45 m, 30-48 m, and 30-50 m. In the process of mining, the caving zone and fractured zone are, respectively, subjected to tensile failure and shear failure. The development height of the water flowing through the fractured zone in the overlying strata is basically consistent with the range of the “breaking arch.” The flow-stress-damage model and its criterion of fracture expansion can be applied to the fracture law of overlying strata under water under similar geological conditions.
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Shi, Ben Qiang, and Jie Zhang. "Key Protecting Strata Criterion of Water Conservation Mining and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2621.

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The entironment is deteriorating increasingly in north of Shaanxi Yushenfu mine with coal mining cosmically. The causation is the lapse of groundwater owing to mining. Water conservation mining has been the exigent request. Aiming at the need of water conversation mining in north of Shaanxi shallow seam mine, this article found key protecting strata criterion of water conservation mining according as the moving law of overburden rock and the mechanics model of fixed beam. The water conservation mine method in different overburden rock mine was put forward with the condition of no destroying water protecting strata. The feasibility of the key protecting strata criterion was validated using the choice of water conservation mine method in two different overburden rock frame mine in north of Shaanxi shallow seam mine. At the time, validating the computational result applying similitude simulation test and numerical simulation. The key protecting criterion offers a theoretic computational method for the choice of water protecting mining in different overburden rock frame mine.
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Ning, Shan, Weibing Zhu, Xiaoyong Yi, and Laolao Wang. "Evolution Law of Floor Fracture Zone above a Confined Aquifer Using Backfill Replacement Mining Technology." Geofluids 2021 (March 3, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842021.

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Disturbances owing to coal mining result in the movement and failure of floor strata. Mining-induced fractures within the floor may propagate to the confined aquifer, thereby causing water inrush disasters. In this study, we propose using strip mining and backfill replacement mining above the confined aquifer to investigate the failure depth of the floor. The problem is simplified as a distributed force model on a half-plane body. First, the stress disturbance of the floor during strip mining is calculated and the results are combined with the von Mises yield criterion. Then, the destruction of the floor after replacing the remaining coal pillars is explored. The results show that the widths of the strip mining face and coal pillars play an important role in affecting the failure depth of the floor: the greater the width, the larger the failure depth. Based on the parametric study results, the mining face and retention coal pillar width of 20 m is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of water inrush accidents. After the replacement of the remaining coal pillars, the failure area of the floor rock mass increases, but the maximum failure depth remains unchanged. Finally, we employed field measurement techniques at the Bucun coal mine to monitor the shear and vertical strains of the floor. The data collected was compared with the predicted results obtained from the proposed theoretical model. Good agreement was found between the monitoring and calculation results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Bessler, Florian T., Dragan A. Savic, and Godfrey A. Walters. "Water Reservoir Control with Data Mining." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129, no. 1 (2003): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2003)129:1(26).

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Appiah, Divine O., and Kabila Abass. "Water supply and mining: the policy paradox in Ghana." Water Policy 16, no. 5 (2014): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.026.

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Ghana has been highly successful in mining for over a century. However, one area of concern is the negative impact of mining activities on water resources: their quality and quantity. Mining companies are guided by rules and regulations, particularly those that have to do with the quality of water supply. Safe water supply is essential for improved health and quality of life for increased productivity. Yet, water supply in mining communities has not assumed the critical importance that it deserves toward the realization of human health security. A combination of key informant interviews and a copious desk-top study of official documentary reports were analysed in the context of the polluter-pays principle. The paper interrogates the corporate social responsibility ambivalence that arises from fresh water contamination during the extraction of mineral resources in the western mining region of Ghana. In spite of some efforts at addressing this problem through corporate social responsibilities, communities affected by mining still question the professed sensitivity of mining companies to their plight with respect to their inalienable right to water supply.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Kengni, Bernard. "Strengthening decision-making processes to promote water sustainability in the South African mining context: the role of good environmental governance and the law." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32503.

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This thesis examines whether the concept of good (environmental) governance provides a useful tool and legal base for the achievement of water sustainability in South Africa's mining sector. The thesis introduces water pollution as one sustainability challenge that South Africa is facing in its mining sector. The main question is how the legal framework should promote and guide water sustainability through good environmental governance. The question results from the fact that mining is a constant threat to water resources. Mining is one of the leading causes of water pollution which adversely affects human life among others when water contaminated with heavy metals is consumed. Farming, as an essential component of food security, is under constant threat in places like Mpumalanga as soils are rendered less productive by mine-contaminated water infiltrating from topsoil or rising from underground mines. Similarly, polluted water adversely affects biodiversity, thus, destroying ecosystems and vegetation which serve as livestock feed. The analysis of sustainability, governance and good governance theories and specific concepts underpinning them shows that they can inform water protection in the South African mining sector. Sustainability, found to be a broad and interdisciplinary concept, is a necessary guideline for the pursuit of water governance in the mining sector. Despite conflicting perceptions or facts regarding sustainability, it is evident that for water to be preserved, sustainable practices are essential. This requires mining activities to be conducted while always minimising the occurrence of water pollution to ensure water sustainability in the South African mining sector. The thesis also expounds that water sustainability pursued through governance practices is likely to be effective in alleviating or preventing water concerns. Thus, the concept of governance is presented as a tool with which individuals or organisations can achieve effective water sustainability, through decision-making, planning and law enforcement. Governance as a concept is complex, multifaceted and interdisciplinary, but can ensure water sustainability and the wellbeing of members of society who depend on the natural environment. The thesis further highlights that water sustainability is more likely when pursued through governance in its best possible form. The concept of good environmental governance is therefore explained as a theory that can guide effective decisionmaking and serve as a tool at the disposal of interested and affected parties to judge the performance of administrative officials. Effective decision-making processes and its elements are to be promoted through cooperative governance, accountability, transparency and public participation, for effective administrative action. The thesis then analyses the South African legal framework and establishes that water governance in the mining sector is extensively catered for therein. The Constitution sets the water sustainability mandate based on which legislation is enacted, both followed by legal interpretation in the courts. The analysis, however, show that there are various shortcomings relating to the implementation and enforcement of the law through administrative action. Nevertheless, the analysis remains hopeful that water sustainability can still be achieved in the mining sector. Despite the existence of environmental provisions and various attempts to achieve water sustainability, the current South African legal framework still fails to control water pollution effectively. The failure may be attributed to the shortcomings of the said framework, but it is, to a larger extent, a result of poor implementation and enforcement. One main reason is less effective administrative action due to inefficient decision-making processes, which implies that the quality of governance regarding water protection in the mining sector is inadequate. Such findings show that water sustainability could have been achieved or improved if decisionmakers had relied fully on good governance principles to implement and enforce provisions aimed at water protection in the mining sector. Hence, this thesis finds that no new regulation is required; rather it suggests a reform of various provisions within the existing legal framework to improve water sustainability. This is subject to improved implementation and enforcement mechanisms.
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Humphrey, Ariel. "IWRM-tested national law and policies : towards catchment-based management of water resources during the life cycle of large-scale mining sites." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6155a235-97c0-468e-a869-f2a0eeddd499.

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Negative impacts of large-scale metal/mineral mining (LSM) on the quantity and quality of surface and ground water resources within the catchment are systematic occurrences during both mining and post-mining phases. The lack of adequate engagement by mining companies with interested and affected water resources stakeholders, makes mitigating such impacts difficult. At national scale, the legal regulation of LSM and the legal management and protection planning of water resources in LSM context are accomplished through three intersecting branches of law namely mining law, water resources law, and environmental protection law. The lack of adequate coordination between these branches of law and policies constitutes an obstacle towards reconciling competing economic profitability and socio-environmental protection. The thesis intends to test this law triptych against functional and process sustainable development-based IWRM integration indicators. The selected functional IWRM-type integration indicators consist of the planning and management of land and water resources, of surface and ground waters, and of water quality with water quantity. The selected process IWRM-type integration indicators consist of three stakeholder engagement processes namely inter-agency cooperation between water, environmental protection and mining bodies at state level, multi-stakeholder cooperation (including mining companies) at catchment level and vertical cooperation between state and catchment levels. The study of the manifestation of these indicators is conducted by comparing the South African, Western Australian and Ontario jurisdictions in general and specifically during pre-mining, mining and post-mining phases to determine whether these branches of law separately and jointly require or fail to require (i) mining, environmental protection and water resources management governmental bodies to cooperate to establish a coordinated mining/water inter-agency policy framework (ii) mining companies to engage with stakeholders to achieve integrated mine water protection and management planning, and (iii) vertical cooperation between state and catchment levels.
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Vendé, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Incidence de l'implémentation d'un système de pulvérisation de gouttelettes d'eau sur l'efficacité d'un groupe de production de froid embarqué." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS463.

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La brumisation du condenseur à air d’une machine frigorifique permet une augmentation des échanges thermiques avec l’évaporation de l’eau dans l’air ou en paroi, ce qui augmente la puissance frigorifique et diminue le travail de compression. Ce phénomène est appliqué dans le cadre automobile afin d’abaisser la consommation supplémentaire de carburant induite par la climatisation lorsque le véhicule est à l’arrêt ou roule à faible vitesse. Un dispositif de brumisation autosuffisant en eau, peu énergivore et peu encombrant a ainsi été implémenté afin d’impacter le condenseur du système de climatisation d’un véhicule. Une étude de dimensionnement a montré que le dispositif ne devait pas consommer plus de 1 kg.h-1 récupérés à partir des condensats de l’évaporateur. Les buses étudiées (cône creux et jet plat) ont été choisies en fonction de ce critère. Le condenseur de la machine frigorifique a été isolé dans une maquette expérimentale afin de caractériser et optimiser l’effet de la brumisation. Une méthode d’analyse thermique des surfaces impactées a été développée pour caractériser le phénomène de bouchage étant donné que l’échange thermique se fait à la fois par impact sur la surface de l’échangeur et par l’évaporation du film d’eau. Il a ainsi été montré que, sur le long terme, si la surface frontale de l’échangeur est bouchée à 17 %, cela entraîne 45 % de pertes de charge supplémentaires et 20 à 25 % de transfert thermique en moins. Mais le bouchage peut être bénéfique et stocker de l'énergie thermique lorsque la durée de pulvérisation ne dépasse pas 25 minutes. Enfin, au terme de l’étude, le dispositif de brumisation a été implémenté sur le véhicule et des premiers essais ont montré un réel gain apporté par la brumisation, ce qui est encourageant pour une éventuelle industrialisation du dispositif<br>Spraying the air condenser of a refrigerating unit increases the heat exchange thanks to the evaporation of water in the air or on the wall, which increases the cooling capacity and decreases the compression work. This phenomenon is applied to the automotive context in order to lower the additional fuel consumption induced by the air conditioning when the vehicle is stopped or is at low speed. A self-sufficient, low-energy, space-saving spraying device was thus implemented in order to impact the condenser of the air conditioning system of a vehicle. A sizing study showed that the spraying device should not consume more than 1 kg.h-1 recovered from the condensates on the evaporator. The studied nozzles (hollow cone and flat fan) were therefore chosen according to this criterion. The condenser of the refrigerating unit was isolated in an experimental device to characterize and optimize the water spraying effect. A thermal analysis method of impacted surfaces has been developed to characterize the clogging phenomenon as the heat is exchanged mainly by the surface impact of the exchanger followed by the water film evaporation. For the long term spraying, 17 % clogging area of the exchanger front surface induces 45 % additional pressure drop and around 25 % degradation in the heat transfer. But clogging can be beneficial and store thermal energy when the spraying time does not exceed 25 minutes. Finally, at the end of the study, the spraying device was implemented on the vehicle and first tests showed a real gain brought by spraying, which is encouraging for a possible industrialization of the device
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"Environmental mining frameworks for water pollution in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14017.

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Books on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Lacy, John C. Manual for determination of status and ownership, Arizona mineral and water rights. 2nd ed. Dept. of Mines and Mineral Resources, State of Arizona, 1986.

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Poland. Prawo geologiczne i górnicze. Prawo wodne. Ustawa o ochronie i kształtowaniu środowiska: Stan prawny na 5 marca 1994 r. Bonus, 1994.

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Mills Legal Clinic of Stanford Law School and Stanford University. School of Law, eds. Not coming up dry: Regulating the use of Namibia's scarce water resources by mining operations. Legal Assistance Centre, 2009.

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Poland. Prawo geologiczne i górnicze. Prawo wodne. Ustawa o ochronie i kształtowaniu środowiska. Prawo budowlane: Stan prawny na 15 marca 1995 r. 2nd ed. Tarbonus, 1995.

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Uruguay. Código rural: Código de mineria ; Código de aguas ; Normas medioambientales. Ediciones del Foro, 2011.

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Encyclopaedia of electricity, petroleum, sui gas, minerals water supply laws: With WAPDA Act & rules. Nadeem Law Book House, 2008.

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Janjua, Zia-ul-Islam. Encyclopaedia of electricity, petroleum, sui gas, minerals water supply laws: With WAPDA Act & rules. Nadeem Law Book House, 2005.

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Guaita, Aurelio. Derecho administrativo: Aguas, montes, minas. 2nd ed. Civitas, 1986.

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Zhun wu quan yan jiu. Fa lü chu ban she, 2003.

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R, Moldavian S. S. Zemelʹnyĭ kodeks Moldavskoĭ SSR ; Kodeks Moldavskoĭ SSR o nedrakh ; Vodnyĭ kodeks Moldavskoĭ SSR ; Lesnoĭ kodeks Moldavskoĭ SSR. Karti͡a︡ moldoveni͡a︡skė, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Tan, Poh-Ling, and Jacqui Robertson. "Compromising Confidence? Water, Coal Seam Gas and Mining Governance Reform in Queensland and Wyoming." In Reforming Water Law and Governance. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8977-0_12.

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Cullet, Philippe, and Sujith Koonan. "Fishing, Mining and Electricity." In Water Law in India. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070818.003.0009.

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Schoderer, Mirja, Jampel Dell’Angelo, and Dave Huitema. "Chapter X.34: Water and mining." In Volume X: Water Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781783477005.x.34.

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"Trans-jurisdictional water law and governance in the context of unconventional gas mining: the Australian experience." In Trans-jurisdictional Water Law and Governance. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315681764-21.

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Barros, Alonso. "7. Water Justice, Mining, and the Fetish Form of Law in the Atacama Desert." In A Sense of Justice. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804799119-010.

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"Study on the development law of water flowing fractured zone in extremely thick coal seam mining at oasis mining area." In Legislation, Technology and Practice of Mine Land Reclamation. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17500-57.

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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Digging to China." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0009.

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Americans like to buy things and own them—barbecues and refrigerators, computers and iPods, cars and bikes, boats and even private planes. Some folks make their appliances last a long time, but manufacturers rely on most people to buy new ones every five years or so. The few critics of our system sometimes charge that items from appliances and vehicles are designed to break down relatively quickly, to prod consumption along. Walking through a showroom or past shop windows, how many people stop to wonder where all the stuff comes from or what happens there? Here is the short answer: Nearly everything you use every day is based on minerals mined somewhere, often leaving behind disfigured land and a toxic mess. Materials still mined in the western United States include metals, particularly gold, iron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum—plus gypsum, borates, and other salts, and most cement ingredients. Mining is the prow of America’s consumer-propelled ship. Its whole purpose is to dig up resources for transformation to consumer goods. But the resources are nonrenewable, so mining progressively eliminates and eventually exhausts them. The processes of exploring for and exploiting mineral deposits consume vast resources also, especially water and energy. Natural processes spread mine pollution into water, soil, and air, at times killing all life in creeks, streams, and reservoirs. Geographer Lewis Mumford once estimated that “Mining’s effects on the earth are now on the same scale as hugely destructive natural forces.” He guessed the minimum amount of material moved by global mining operations at 28 billion tons in 1963—nearly twice the sediment all the world’s rivers carry annually. Determining just how much land may be affected by mine wastes, and how much farther the damage might spread, is more dif- cult. The massive scale of today’s mining operations dwarfs Mumford’s figure. The dominant U.S. mining law offers wide swaths of U.S. public lands to any and all comers, whether foreign or domestic (box 4.1).
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"A BRIEF HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND LITIGATED POLLUTION CLAIMS FROM NON-FUEL SURFACE MINING WITH EMPHASIS ON WATER RESOURCES." In The Legal, Engineering, Environmental and Social Perspectives of Surface Mining Law and Reclamation by Landfilling. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848160620_0003.

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Taillant, Jorge Daniel. "The Barrick Veto." In Glaciers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367252.003.0010.

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Buenos Aires, Argentina—October 23, 2008. The team at the Environment Secretariat could not believe the outcome of the congressional vote the previous day, October 22. Argentina had achieved the world’s first national glacier protection law, the Minimum Standards Law for the Protection of Glaciers and the Periglacial Environment. The law was strongly conservationist and excluded all industrial activities on or near glaciers and in the periglacial environment. It declared glaciers a strategic reserve, defined glaciers broadly to protect even small perennial ice patches, and banned mining in glacier and periglacial areas. Some of the more salient text read:. . . Article 1. The present law establishes the minimum standards for the protection of glaciers and the periglacial environment with the objective of preserving them as strategic reserves of hydrological resources and as providers of water recharge for hydrographic basins. Article 2. Definition. To the effects of the present law, glaciers are all perennial stable or slowly flowing ice mass, with or without interstitial water, formed by the recrystallization of snow, located in different ecosystems, no matter what their size, dimension or state of conservation. The rock debris material of each glacier is considered a constituent part of the glacier, as are the internal and superficial water courses. Likewise, the periglacial environment is the area of the high mountain with frozen grounds that acts as a regulator of hydrological resources. Article 6. Prohibited Activities. The following activities are hereby prohibited on glaciers as they could affect their natural condition or the functions cited in Article 1, or as they would imply their destruction, moving, or interference with their movement, in particular: a)The liberation, dispersion or deposit of contaminating substances or elements, chemical products or residue of any nature or volume. The construction of architectural works or infrastructure with the exception of those necessary for scientific research. Mining or hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation. This restriction includes activities in periglacial areas saturated in ice. Emplacement of industries. . . . It took a while for the implications of the law to sink in.
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Collins, Richard B., Dale A. Oesterle, and Lawrence Friedman. "Mining and Irrigation." In The Colorado State Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907723.003.0016.

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This chapter addresses Article XVI of the Colorado Constitution, which deals with mining and irrigation. Mining and agriculture were Colorado’s principal industries in 1876, so provisions relating to both, and to irrigation in particular, were major subjects of discussion at the convention. Section 2 requires laws to protect the health and safety of miners and prohibits employment in mines of children under twelve. Sections 3 and 4 authorize statutes to regulate drainage of mines and to provide for teaching mining and metallurgy in “institutions of learning” supported by the state. The article’s celebrated Sections 5 and 6 assert public ownership of the unappropriated water of every natural stream and establish the right to appropriate the water of any stream for a beneficial use. Section 7 confers a private power of eminent domain for rights-of-way to convey water.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Bai, Yuting, and Shimin Wang. "The Research of Water Quality Information Mining Based on Pareto Law and Information Entropy." In 2013 International Conference on Computer Sciences and Applications (CSA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csa.2013.174.

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Jung, Hagen G., and Gabriele Bandt. "Regulations for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste in the Konrad Repository." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59105.

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In Germany low / medium level waste, which is classified here as radioactive waste with negligible heat generation, will be disposed of in the Konrad underground repository. The construction and the operation of this nuclear facility required authorization by different fields of law, i.e., by nuclear law, mining law and water law. Whereas the nuclear law considers solely radiological aspects, the relevant permit issued according to the water law considers the impact of radioactive as well as non-radioactive harmful substances. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) as operator of the repository and permit holder has (a) to record the disposed of radioactive and non-radioactive harmful substances and (b) to balance them. To meet these requirements BfS has developed a concept, which led to a site specific solution. Threshold values were defined for recording and for balancing the harmful substances. It had to be verified that by disposal of radioactive waste packages according to these values an adverse effect on the near-surface groundwater can be excluded. The Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation Agency (NLWKN) as the responsible water law regulatory authority approved the operator’s concept as appropriate to comply with the requirements of the Water Law Permit. Nonetheless, collateral clauses were imposed to assure this.
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Babaei, M. H. "Collapse of Rectangular Granular Piles in Air and Water." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65012.

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Granular materials are processed in many industries including agricultural, pharmaceutical, mining, and oil-sand and several geophysical processes such as landslides and avalanches. There are few models capable of predicting the flow of granular materials and particularly their collapse. Theoretical studies of the topic usually encounter difficulties in accurately predicting the collapse dynamics and final stable heaps. The two-dimensional gravitational collapse of cohesionless rectangular granular piles is numerically investigated in this paper. Piles surrounded by either air (dry case) or an oil-water mixture (wet case) undergo a dam-break collapse onto a horizontal base. The granular material is modeled as a perfectly plastic substance based on the Mohr-Coulomb law. The constitutive relations represent the granular material as a fluid, with a shear viscosity as a function of solids pressure, the second invariant of the deviatoric strain-rate tensor, and the internal angle of friction of the granular material. This two-phase flow problem (grains and liquid or air) is then formulated accordingly and solved by the mixture model method for the wet collapse and the level-set method for the dry collapse using COMSOL finite-element software. In both air and the liquid, stable heaps are achieved. The results are compared with experimental measurements of Balmforth &amp; Kerswell [1] and Rondon et al. [2]. The model can closely predict the final shape of the collapsed dry pile. The final shape of the collapsed wet pile is also well-predicted when its initial packing concentration is relatively low. Further developments are needed to model the wet collapse of high-initial-concentration piles.
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Carvalho, Fernando P., Joa˜o M. Oliveira, and Lube´lia M. Torres. "Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Around Old Uranium Mining Sites Near Mangualde (Viseu), Portugal." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7366.

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Uranium ore was extracted in the surroundings of Mangualde city, North of Portugal, in the mines of Cunha Baixa, Quinta do Bispo and Espinho until a few years ago. Mining waste, milling tailings and acid mine waters are the on site remains of this extractive activity. Environmental radioactivity measurements were performed in and around these sites in order to assess the dispersal of radionuclides from uranium mining waste and the spread of acidic waters resulting from the in situ uranium leaching with sulphuric acid. Results show migration of acid waters into groundwater around the Cunha Baixa mine. This groundwater is tapped by irrigation wells in the agriculture area near the Cunha Baixa village. Water from wells displayed uranium (238U) concentrations up to 19 × 103 mBq L−1 and sulphate ion concentrations up to 1070 mg L−1. These enhanced concentrations are positively correlated with low water pH, pointing to a common origin for radioactivity, dissolved sulphate, and acidity in underground mining works. Radionuclide concentrations were determined in horticulture and farm products from this area also and results suggest low soil to plant transfer of radionuclides and low food chain transfer of radionuclides to man. Analysis of aerosols in surface air showed re suspension of dust from mining and milling waste heaps. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain mine water treatment and to plan remediation of these mine sites in order to prevent waste dispersal in the environment.
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Mansouri, Amir, Hadi Arabnejad Khanouki, Siamack A. Shirazi, and Brenton S. McLaury. "Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) Measurement of Abrasive Microparticle Impact Speed and Angle in Both Air-Sand and Slurry Erosion Testers." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7768.

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Solid particle laden flows are very common in many industries including oil and gas and mining. Repetitive impacts of the solid particles entrained in fluid flow can cause erosion damage in industrial equipment. Among the numerous factors which are known to affect the solid particle erosion rate, the particle impact speed and angle are the most important. It is widely accepted that the erosion rate of material is dependent on the particle speed by a power law Vn, where typically n = 2–3. Therefore, accurate measurements of abrasive particle impact speed and angle are very important in solid particle erosion modeling. In this study, utilizing a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system, particle impact conditions were measured in a direct impinging jet geometry. The measurements were conducted with two different test rigs, for both air-sand and liquid-sand flows. In air-sand testing, two types of solid particles, glass beads and sharp sand particles, were used. The measurements in air-sand tests were carried out using particles with various sizes (75, 150, and 500 μm). Also, submerged testing measurements were performed with 300 μm sand particles. In the test conditions, the Stokes number was relatively high (St = 3000 for air/sand flow, St = 27 for water/sand flow), and abrasive particles were not closely following the fluid streamlines. Therefore, a Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) technique was employed to measure the particle impact speed and its angle with the target surface very near the impact. Furthermore, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed, and the CFD results were compared with the experimental data. It was found that the CFD results are in very good agreement with experimental data.
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Carvalho, F. P., J. M. Oliveira, O. Neves, M. M. Abreu, and E. M. Vicente. "Agriculture in an Area Impacted by Past Uranium Mining Activities." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7370.

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The shallow aquifer near the old Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Viseu, Portugal) was contaminated by acid mine drainage. Concentration of radionuclides in water from irrigation wells and in the topsoil layer of the agriculture fields nearby display enhanced concentrations of uranium, radium and polonium. Two types of agriculture land in this area were selected, one with enhanced and another with low uranium concentrations, for controlled growth of lettuce and potatoes. Plants were grown in replicate portions of land (two plots) in each soil type and were periodically irrigated with water from wells. In each soil, one plot was irrigated with water containing low concentration of dissolved uranium and the other plot with water containing enhanced concentration of dissolved uranium. At the end of the growth season, plants were harvested and analysed, along with soil and irrigation water samples. Results show the accumulation of radionuclides in edible parts of plants, specially in the field plots with higher radionuclide concentrations in soil. Radionuclides in irrigation water contributed less to the radioactivity accumulated in plants than radionuclides from soils.
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Chung, Wei, Leonardo Wang, and W. Fang. "Low Cost Metal Mini-Cap Process for Suspended MEMS Device Packaging." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82505.

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A new wafer capping process is investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to come out a simple and low cost wafer capping process to make the capped MEMS device wafers “transparent” to traditional IC assembly processes. The carrier wafers with metal mini-caps are bonded on the MEMS device wafers through solder bonding, and the mini-caps are then transferred and left on the MEMS device wafer through a selective etching of the carrier wafers. The metal mini-cap capped device wafers are virtually of the same thickness as original ones; in addition, the transferred metal mini-caps provide a mechanical protection to the MEMS devices during the consequent assembly processes such as wafer dicing, die bonding, molding, etc. With an additional design of 2nd level interconnection on the mini-cap carrier wafer, the transferred MEMS device wafers can be singulated and become a wafer level package with compliant leads.
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Smit, F. J., and Josua P. Meyer. "An Analytical Comparison Between the Performance of a Hot Water Heat Pump With a Non-Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture and a Pure Refrigerant." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-042.

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The applications of hot water in the industrial, domestic and mining applications are numerous, and these are only a few of the core areas of use. In these applications fossil fuels and electrical resistance systems are usually used to heat water to temperatures near boiling point. The refrigerant R22, that is currently being used in hot water heat pumps, delivers hot water temperatures from 60 °C to 65 °C. This limits the applications of hot water heat pumps. This analytical study uses three comparison methods to investigate and compare the potential of a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture consisting of R22 and R142b. From the results different advantages of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures are evident. Depending on the application, if the results of a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture are compared with a pure R22 heat pump, an increase in hot water temperatures to above boiling point, an increase in coefficient of performance, an increase in capacity and a decrease in compressor pressure ratio are possible. Unfortunately, not all these advantages are valid for each application. For instance, extremely high hot water temperatures are obtained, whilst the heating capacity is excessively low.
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Wymer, Denis G., and Johan C. Botha. "Managing the Environmental Impacts of Low Activity Wastes From the South African Gold Mining Industry." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1257.

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Abstract Uranium mineralization is associated with the gold deposits in South Africa that have been mined for more than a century. Investigations of the radiological impacts on the environment reveal that the various radioactive wastes — mostly of low activity — associated with gold and by-product uranium production do not warrant the application of anything more than basic control measures. Non-radiological pollution of the water environment is a growing problem, however, aggravated by the closure and flooding of mines. Control measures to address this problem should, as a spin-off, limit the release of radionuclides, thus helping to control future radiological pollution.
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Zhou, Qiumei, Robert Dilmore, Andrew Kleit, and John Yilin Wang. "Evaluating Fracturing Fluid Flowback in Marcellus Using Data Mining Technologies." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173364-ms.

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Abstract Natural gas recovery from low permeability unconventional reservoirs – enabled by advanced horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatment - has become a very important energy resource in the past decade. While evaluating early gas production data in order to assess likely rate decline and ultimate gas recovery has been reported in literature, flowback water recovery has been given little consideration. Fracture fluid flowback is defined herein as aqueous phase produced within three weeks following a fracture treatment (exclusive of well shut-in time). Field data from Marcellus Shale wells in Northeastern West Virginia indicated about 2-26% of the fracture fluid is recovered during flowback. However, stimulation of gas shale is a complex engineered process, and the factors that control the volumetric flowback performance are not well understood. The objective of this paper is to use post-hoc analysis to identify correlations between fracture fluid flowback and attributes of well completion and geological setting, and to identify those factors most important in predicting flowback performances. To accomplish this objective we selected a representative subset of 187 wells for which complete data are available (from a full set of 631 wells), including well location, completion data, hydraulic fracture treatment data and production data. The wells were classified into four groups based on geological settings. For each geological group, engineering and statistical analyses were applied to study the correlation between flowback data and well completion through traditional regression methods. Important factors considered to affect flowback water recovery efficiency include number of hydraulic fracture stages, lateral length, vertical depth, proppant mass applied, proppant size, fracture fluid volume applied, treatment rate, and shut-in time. The total proppant mass, proppant size and shut-in time have relatively large influence on volumetric flowback performance. The new results enable one to estimate flowback volume in a spatial domain, based on known geological conditions and completion parameters, and lead to a better understanding of flowback behaviors in Marcellus Shale. This also helps industry manage flowback water and optimize production operations.
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Reports on the topic "Mining law Water"

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, et al. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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