Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mining - Ontario / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mining - Ontario.

Journal articles on the topic 'Mining - Ontario'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Mining - Ontario.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Lauwers, Peter D. "Mining Claim Disputes in Ontario." Revue générale de droit 17, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 723–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059228ar.

Full text

Abstract:

1. General. Mining claim disputes in Ontario usually arise where a restaker attempts to dispute the validity of a claim under the provisions of the Mining Act. 2. Staking and Recording Requirements. Most mining claim disputes turn on whether there has been substantial compliance with the statutory staking requirements. A number of rules of thumb have evolved to assist the Mining Commissioner in making his decision as to whether there has been substantial compliance. These include the purpose test, the cumulative errors test, the reasonable excuse test, the equitable approach, the application of different staking standards and different circumstances, and classification of the seriousness of errors. The text also contains a discussion of the statutory staking and recording requirements. 3. Procedural Requirements in Disputes and Appeals. Staking disputes are ordinarily heard at first instance by the Mining Recorder, and then by the Mining Commissioner on appeal. The decisions of the Mining Commissioner may be appealed to the Divisional Court, a branch of the Supreme Court of Ontario. Specific emphasis is placed on the strictness of the time limits under the statute.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Radforth, Ian, and Dianne Newell. "Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario." Labour / Le Travail 22 (1988): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143052.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Shovers, Brian, and Dianne Newell. "Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario." Western Historical Quarterly 18, no. 3 (July 1987): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/969108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Nelles, H. V., and Dianne Newell. "Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario." American Historical Review 92, no. 2 (April 1987): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1866808.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Young, Otis E., and Dianne Newell. "Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario." Technology and Culture 28, no. 2 (April 1987): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105586.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Othick, John, and Dianne Newell. "Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario." Economic History Review 40, no. 2 (May 1987): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596726.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kramer, James R., Nicholas W. H. Adams, Helen Manolopoulos, and Pamela V. Collins. "Silver at an old mining camp, Cobalt, Ontario, Canada." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, no. 1 (January 1999): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180104.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Townshend, H. W. Roger, and Michael McClurg. "The Duty to Consult and Accommodate Aboriginal Peoples: A Primer for Ontario Surveyors Working in Resources Development." GEOMATICA 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2014-002.

Full text

Abstract:

Aboriginal law has developed to require Aboriginal peoples to be “consulted and accommodated” if their rights may be impacted by a government decision, including a government permit or approval of a project of a private proponent. For example, hunting rights often exist throughout a First Nation’s treaty or traditional territory (i.e. far beyond the limits of reserves), and the duty to consult and accommodate can be triggered by mining and other resource development. Contrary to the common understanding of some of those unfamiliar with this area of law, this duty applies not only to activities undertaken under federal authorization, but also to those under provincial authorization. The Crown’s “duty to consult and accommodate” Aboriginal peoples has become a central theme in the discussion of natural resource development in Canada. In response to various decisions of Canadian courts, the Government of Ontario significantly overhauled its Mining Act in 2009 to provide for some consultation with Aboriginal communities. Those changes came in to effect in the spring of 2013. This paper will describe the constitutional duty to consult as it has been described and elaborated on by courts in Canada and some of the implications it has for resource extraction in Ontario. It will then undertake a case study discussing Ontario’s attempt to respond to its duty to consult by amending the Mining Act regime. Finally, the paper will consider the flaws in the Mining Act and the reasons that exploration companies and surveyors working for them should be prudent and pro-active when undertaking intrusive activities in the traditional territories of Aboriginal peoples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ames, D. E., A. Davidson, and N. Wodicka. "Geology of the Giant Sudbury Polymetallic Mining Camp, Ontario, Canada." Economic Geology 103, no. 5 (August 1, 2008): 1057–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.5.1057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mantha, Haley, Michael Schindler, and Michael F. Hochella. "Occurrence and formation of incidental metallic Cu and CuS nanoparticles in organic-rich contaminated surface soils in Timmins, Ontario." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 1 (2019): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en00994e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hymers, Lesley Anne, Bill Steer, and Janice Williams. "The Teachers’ Mining Tour in Ontario - A Professional Development Program for Educators." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.083.

Full text

Abstract:

The Teachers’ Mining Tour is a professional development program for educators hosted at the Canadian Ecology Centre (CEC) located near Mattawa, Ontario. Each year in late summer for three years (2010–2012) approximately thirty Ontario teachers participated in a five day program that included presentations by mineral industry professionals, site visits to mines and mine manufacturing operations, and educational resource workshops. In 2013, to meet demand, the Tour program was expanded to include two tours, annually. The goal of the Tour is to provide teachers with the information and resources that they need to become more proficient Earth Science teachers and to educate their students about the mining industry and, through this increased knowledge and experience, to encourage their students to pursue post-secondary education and careers in Earth Sciences and mining-related disciplines. Additional objectives are to create and cultivate a network of teachers using mining as a theme in their classrooms, and to promote informed opinions amongst participants with regard to the economic, social and environmental aspects of mining. The Tour content focuses on modern mining techniques and technology, environmental responsibility, workplace safety, and mining careers. Tours consistently receive favourable reviews from teachers, industry participants and representatives from sponsor organizations. In addition to the feedback sought through evaluation forms at the conclusion of each Tour program, additional feedback is sought from participants in the following spring of each academic year. A formal survey is circulated, providing teachers with the opportunity to report back about how their Tour experience is influencing their teaching. Respondents report that they are satisfied with the information and resources that they received during the Tour, that the program is directly applicable to the subjects that they are teaching, and that their perceptions about mining changed because of their experience. RÉSUMÉLe Teachers’ Mining Tour est un programme de formation pour enseignants qui se tient au Centre écologique du Canada (CEC) situé à Mattawa, Ontario. Chaque année à la fin de l'été depuis trois ans (2010–2012) une trentaine d’enseignants d'Ontario ont participé à ce programme de cinq jours de présentations par des professionnels de l'industrie minérale, de visites de sites miniers et d’usines de transformation, et d’ateliers sur les moyens éducatifs. En 2013, pour répondre à la demande, le programme du Tour a été porté à deux sessions par année. L’objectif de ce Tour est de fournir aux enseignants les informations et les moyens éducatifs requis pour devenir des enseignants en sciences de la Terre mieux qualifiés pour instruire leurs élèves sur la réalité de l'industrie minière et, par là, d’encourager leurs élèves à poursuivre une formation postsecondaire et opter pour des carrières en sciences de Terre ou dans les disciplines de l’industrie minière. Ce programme vise aussi d’autres objectifs dont ceux de créer et promouvoir un réseau d'enseignants qui utilisent le thème minier dans leur enseignement, et faire en sorte que les participants en ressortent avec des opinions mieux éclairés sur les aspects économiques, sociaux et environnementaux de l'exploitation minière. Le contenu du Tour porte surtout sur les processus et la technologie de l’exploitation minière moderne, l’éco-responsabilité, la sécurité du milieu de travail et les opportunités de carrière dans l’industrie minière. Ce programme d’activités est systématiquement louangé par les enseignants, les participants d'industrie et les représentants des organismes de parrainage. Le niveau de satisfaction est établi par l’administration de formulaires d’évaluation à la fin de chaque session du programme d’activités, et par les réactions colligées auprès des participants au printemps suivant l’année scolaire. Un sondage formel est soumis aux enseignants dans le but d’évaluer l’impact des activités du Tour sur leur enseignement. Les répondants se disent satisfaits des informations reçues et des moyens éducatifs enseignés pendant le Tour, confirment que le programme d’activités est directement applicable aux sujets qu'ils enseignent, et que leurs perceptions de l'exploitation minière en ont été changées.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Tai, Choo Sung, John Dragasevich, and Jeff Kempson. "Application of Packaged MBR System for Northern Ontario Mining Camp Community." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 17 (January 1, 2012): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811740558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Su, Yushan, Uwayemi Sofowote, Anthony Munoz, Michael Noble, Chris Charron, Aaron Todd, Valbona Celo, Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska, Alla Kryukova, and Teresa Switzer. "Baseline Air Monitoring of Fine Particulate Matter and Trace Elements in Ontario’s Far North, Canada." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 6140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136140.

Full text

Abstract:

Large mineral deposits have been discovered in Ontario’s Far North and are being considered for further development. Particulate matter and trace elements can be emitted from potential mining activities and these air pollutants are associated with health risks and harmful to the sensitive ecosystem. An air monitoring station, powered by solar panels and a wind turbine, was established in this near-pristine area to monitor baseline levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and trace elements downwind of a proposed mine site. Levels of PM2.5 and trace elements observed from 2015 to 2018 were much lower than measurements observed in southern Ontario, suggesting minimal influence of primary emissions in the study area. One episodic PM2.5 event in July 2015 was attributable to wildfire emissions in northern Ontario. Only 8 out of the 31 target elements were detected in 25% or more of the samples. Good correlations among As, Se, Pb, and Sb, between Mn and Fe, as well as between Ce and La indicated they originated from long-range atmospheric transport from the south. Ontario’s Ambient Air Quality Criteria were not exceeded for any target air pollutants. Four years of air measurements filled the data gap of baseline information in this near-pristine study area and can be used to assess impacts of potential mining activities in the future. Field operations during this study period indicated that the battery-powered air instruments and meteorological sensors worked well in the harsh environment of Ontario’s Far North even in cold winter months. The field experiences gained in this study can be applied to future air monitoring activities in harsh environments where no direct power supply is available and site access is limited.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Webb, K., and M. Hohn. "Mining industry-Aboriginal engagement pursuant to new Ontario Mining Act rules: A preliminary examination of potential impacts." CIM Journal 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15834/cimj.2016.4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Newell, Dianne. ""All in a Day's Work": Local Invention on the Ontario Mining Frontier." Technology and Culture 26, no. 4 (October 1985): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105620.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mongeau, Sherry, Nancy Lightfoot, Leigh MacEwan, and Tammy Eger. "Mining-Related Lower Back Injuries and the Compensation Process: An Injured Worker’s Journey." Workplace Health & Safety 68, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079919870827.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: In Ontario, when an occupational injury occurs in the mining industry, there is often a need to interact with the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB). During this process, miners experience economic, social, and mental health–related issues that can affect their overall well-being. This study aimed to determine the impact of a lower back injury and the WSIB claim process experience expressed by some male, underground miners in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design that utilized in-depth, individual qualitative interviews was conducted. Twelve male participants (underground miners) were interviewed in Sudbury, Ontario. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Findings: The results emphasized the need for improved communication, the necessity for resources to be allocated to enhance public discussion about injury prevention, the social and economic burden that miners and their families face, and the power imbalances between injured miners and the companies that were meant to support them. Conclusion/Application to Practice: The findings indicate that several areas require improvement for an injured miner who submits a WSIB claim. Ideally, participants wanted an improved and streamlined process for reporting an injury and for WSIB claim management. These findings suggest that occupational health practices that foster a safe and healthy work environment in the mining industry must be promoted, which will help to guide future policies that enhance support for an injured worker and the WSIB claim process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Demers, Paul A., Colin Berriault, Avinash Ramkissoon, Minh T. Do, Nancy Lightfoot, Xiaoke Zeng, and Victoria Arrandale. "O6B.2 Cancer risk by ore type in a mixed miners cohort." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A53.2—A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.143.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and objectivesMining may involve exposure to many carcinogens, including respirable crystalline silica (RSC), diesel engine exhaust (DEE), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), radon (Rn), and arsenic (As), which vary by ore being mined. The province of Ontario, Canada has a diverse mining sector with associated exposures including gold (RSC/DEE/As/Cr), uranium (RSC/DEE/Rn), and nickel-copper (DEE/Ni), and other ores (RSC/DEE). The study aim was to examine the risk of cancer by ore type in a mixed mining cohort.MethodsFrom 1928–1987 workers in the Ontario minerals industry were required to undergo an annual physical examination and chest x-ray, as well as record their mining work history in order to receive certification. Data from these exams was used to create the Mining Master File (MMF) cohort. Cancers were identified through linkage of the MMF with the Ontario Cancer Registry (1964–2017). Cancer risk among miners was compared to provincial rates using Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR); internal analyses were conducted using Poisson regression.ResultsIndividuals who died or were lost before 1964, had missing or invalid data, or employment of less than two weeks were excluded. Too few women (n=161) were available for analysis. In total, 61 397 men were included in the analysis. Gold miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.30, 95%CI=1.23–1.38) and nasopharyngeal cancer (SIR=2.34, 95%CI=1.39–3.70). Uranium miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.57, 95%CI=1.45–1.70), bladder (SIR=1.20, 95%CI=1.02–1.40), and bone (SIR=2.45, 95%CI=1.30–4.19) cancers. Nickel-copper miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.13, 95%CI=1.08–1.19), bone (SIR=2.02, 95%CI=1.32–2.96), and sinonasal cancer (SIR=1.73, 95%CI=1.12–2.56).ConclusionsIncreased risks for specific cancers were observed among people who mined many different ore types. Most of the associations were as expected, but several (e.g., bone cancers) will undergo further investigation. Future analyses will examine the impact of combined exposures among miners of multiple ore types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

McDonald, M. R., M. K. Sears, T. Clarke, J. Chaput, and S. A. Marshall. "025 Pea Leafminer, a New Pest of Leafy Vegetables in Ontario, Canada." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 392C—392. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.392c.

Full text

Abstract:

A new pest of leafy vegetables was responsible for considerable reductions in marketable yield of several late-season crops in the Holland/Bradford Marsh area (44°5'N, 79°35'W) of Ontario in 1999. The pea leafminer, Lyriomyza huidobrensis, was present in high populations (25/sweep) in fields of celery, Asian crucifer crops, and spinach during the months of August and September. The high populations were associated with extensive leaf mining of celery, root parsley, and edible dandelion. On other crops, including spinach and flat-flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinenesis group var. utilis) damage consisted of stippling of the leaves, as a result of feeding and possibly oviposition, but no leaf mining. The stippling was extensive and rendered these crops unmarketable. An other Asian crucifer, Chinese broccoli (Brassica alboglabra) exhibited high numbers of stipples on the leaves, but very low numbers of mines. The leaves of red beets exhibited a low incidence of mines, not enough to affect yield. This is the first report of the pea leafminer affecting field vegetables in this area and causing crop losses. Pictures of the pest and symptoms of damage to the crops will be presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kwong, Y. T. J., S. Beauchemin, M. F. Hossain, and W. D. Gould. "Transformation and mobilization of arsenic in the historic Cobalt mining camp, Ontario, Canada." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 92, no. 2-3 (February 2007): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2006.08.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Berriault, Colin J., Nancy E. Lightfoot, Steven K. Seilkop, and Bruce R. Conard. "Injury mortality in a cohort of mining, smelting, and refining workers in Ontario." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 72, no. 4 (January 4, 2017): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2016.1265479.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

King, Adam D. K. "Gender and Working-Class Identity in Deindustrializing Sudbury, Ontario." Journal of Working-Class Studies 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v4i2.6231.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article I explore the making of a gendered working-class identity among a sample of male nickel miners in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Through 26 oral history interviews conducted between January 2015 and July 2018 with current and retired miners (ages 26 to 74), I analyze how the industrial relations framework and social relations of the postwar period shaped – and continue to shape – a masculinized working-class identity. I then examine the ways in which economic restructuring and the partial deindustrialization of Sudbury’s mines have affected workers’ ideas about gender and class. I argue that, amid growing precarious employment in both the mining industry and the regional economy more broadly, the male workers in this study continue to gender their class identities, which limits attempts to build working-class solidarity in a labor market now largely characterized by feminized service sector employment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Munton, Don, and Owen Temby. "Smelter Fumes, Local Interests, and Political Contestation in Sudbury, Ontario, during the 1910s." Urban History Review 44, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2016): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037234ar.

Full text

Abstract:

During the second half of the 1910s the problem of sulphur smoke in Sudbury, Ontario, pitted farmers against the mining-smelting industry that comprised the dominant sector of the local economy. Increased demand for nickel from World War I had resulted in expanded activities in the nearby Copper Cliff and O’Donnell roast yards, which in turn produced more smoke and destroyed crops. Local business leaders, represented by the Sudbury Board of Trade, sought to balance the needs of the agriculture and mining-smelting sectors and facilitate their coexistence in the region. Among the measures pursued, farmers and some Board of Trade members turned to nuisance litigation, with the objective of obtaining monetary awards and injunctions affecting the operation of the roast yards. While the amounts of the awards were disappointing for the farmers, the spectre of an injunction was sufficient to convince the provincial government to ban civil litigation in favour of an arbitration process accommodating industry. This article provides an account of the political activism over Sudbury’s smoke nuisance that failed to bring about emission controls, highlighting the contextual factors contributing to this failure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Baldwin, Douglas O., and David F. Duke. "“A Grey Wee Town”: An Environmental History of Early Silver Mining at Cobalt, Ontario." Urban History Review 34, no. 1 (September 2005): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016048ar.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wong, Joe. "Crosshole seismic imaging for sulfide orebody delineation near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 6 (November 2000): 1900–1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444874.

Full text

Abstract:

Crosshole seismic instrumentation based on a piezoelectric source and hydrophone detectors were used to gather seismograms between boreholes at the McConnell orebody near Sudbury, Ontario. High‐frequency seismograms were recorded across rock sections 50 to 100 m wide containing a continuous zone of massive sulfide ore. First‐arrival traveltimes obtained from a detailed scan were used to create a P-wave velocity tomogram that clearly delineated the ore zone. Refraction ray tracing on a discrete layer model confirmed the main features of the tomogram. The survey demonstrated that it is possible to conduct cost‐effective, high‐resolution crosshole seismic surveys to delineate ore bodies on a scale useful for planning mining operations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

MacKinnon-Ottertail, Devon. "Developing a First Nation community skills inventory." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 16 (February 6, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v16i0.61.

Full text

Abstract:

First Nation communities have been presented a stronger role in mining and forestry developments by recent court judgements on governments’ duty to consult. Negotiations with mining companies have often included employment for community members in any Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). When jobs are presented by mining companies, the forestry industry, and other employers, there is no current system for First Nation Administrators to determine if community members have the pre-requisite skills, experience and qualifications that the employer is looking for and this has led to missed opportunities.To act on these prospects, Eagle Lake First Nation (ELFN) developed a system for tracking any training offered by the Band and created a skills inventory for additional training and certifications that community members have completed either on-reserve or off-reserve. This paper will document the development of this system.Keywords: First Nations, employment, recruitment, human resources, skills, community skills inventory, Ontario, Canada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Eger, Tammy, Alan Salmoni, Adam Cann, and Robert Jack. "Whole-body vibration exposure experienced by mining equipment operators." Occupational Ergonomics 6, no. 3-4 (February 28, 2007): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2006-63-401.

Full text

Abstract:

Whole-body vibration exposure levels were measured during the operation of fifteen different types of mobile mining equipment commonly used in Ontario mines. A tri-axial seat pad accelerometer was used to measure vibration exposure when the mining vehicle was operated from a seated position and a tri-axial accelerometer secured to floor, between the operator's feet, was used to measure vibration exposure when the mining equipment was operated from a standing position. Measurements were conducted in accordance with the procedures described in the 1997 ISO 2631-1 standard. Determination of likely health risks for equipment operators were based on a comparison of the measured vibration exposure levels with Health Guidance Caution Zone limits presented in Annex B of the ISO 2631-1 standard. Six vehicles (UG haulage truck, bulldozer, 3.5 yard LHD, cavo loader, muck machine, and personnel carrying tractor) were above the Health Guidance Caution Zone limit, assuming an eight hour exposure period while four vehicles (grader, 7 yard LHD, scissor lift truck and locomotive) were within the Health Guidance Caution Zone limit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Azcue, Jose M., and D. G. Dixon. "Effects of Past Mining Activities on the Arsenic Concentration in Fish from Moira Lake, Ontario." Journal of Great Lakes Research 20, no. 4 (January 1994): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(94)71189-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mackasey, W. O. "The Cobalt Options Project - Rehabilitation of an Old Silver Mining Town in Northeastern Ontario, Canada." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 1 (1993): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93010390.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Stoermer, E. F., J. A. Wolin, C. L. Schelske, and D. J. Conley. "Postsettlement Diatom Succession in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-097.

Full text

Abstract:

Siliceous algal microfossil assemblages deposited in the Bay of Quinte prior to European settlement consist of low numbers of benthic diatoms and chrysophyte cysts. Early settlement activities are marked by qualitative changes in the flora and small increases in microfossil flux. Events associated with the Ambrosia horizon produced a rapid transition from assemblages characteristic of oligotrophy environments to those characteristic of eutrophic waters and a large increase in microfossil flux. This was followed by a period of decreasing siliceous microfossil flux and reestablishment of less eutrophic species ca. 1853–61. Minimum siliceous algal microfossil flux and highly atypical assemblages occurred in the period ca. 1879–88, which corresponds to the period of intensive mining activities in the Bay of Quinte watershed. Maximum flux of siliceous microfossils occurred ca. 1900 and declined thereafter, although composition of assemblages deposited indicates increasing eutrophy and displacement of summer-blooming species. We interpret this as evidence of beginning of summer silica limitation. Based on microfossil evidence, the modern eutrophic flora of the bay was established by 1928.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Biays, Pierre. "Une ville d’Abitibi : Senneterre." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 2, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020062ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Senneterre is a typical pioneer town in the Abitibi region. The main factor of development of Senneterre is its location in connection with the previously built railroads, new railroads and railroads to be built which are linking the settled part of Abitibi and Northern Ontario as well as the Montréal and Québec regions with the new mining and forestry districts of Bachelor, Chibougamau and Albanel lakes. In addition, sawmills and C.N.R. repair and maintenance shops are important industries in Senneterre.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Abdellah, Wael, Hani S. Mitri, Denis Thibodeau, and Lindsay Moreau-Verlaan. "Stability of mine development intersections — a probabilistic analysis approach." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 2 (February 2014): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0123.

Full text

Abstract:

Mine developments, such as haulage drifts, cross-cuts, and intersections, are the only way to access valuable ore from mining zones; they link mine developments with the nearest ore access points. Thus, they must remain stable throughout their service life or production plan. Mine development instability can cause production delay, loss of reserves, as well as damage to equipment and injury to miners. This paper presents a stepwise methodology to assess the stability of mine development intersections with respect to the mine production plan. A case study, the #1 Shear East orebody at Vale Garson Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, is presented. A three-dimensional, elastoplastic, finite difference model (FLAC 3D) is created to simulate the development of an intersection situated 1.5 km below ground surface. The unsatisfactory performance of the intersection is evaluated in terms of strength-to-stress ratio with respect to mining sequence. A failure criterion is defined by a minimum strength-to-stress ratio of 1.4, and is used for mine developments (temporary openings). The intersection stability is evaluated at various mining stages and the modified “point-estimate method” (PEM) of (2n2 + 1) is then invoked to study the probability of drift instability at the intersection. The results are presented and categorized with respect to probability, instability, and mining stage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hall, Heather. "Exploring Innovation in Northern Canada with Insights from the Mining Innovation System in Greater Sudbury, Ontario." Northern Review, no. 45 (June 29, 2017): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22584/nr45.2017.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mackasey, W. O. "THE COBALT OPTIONS PROJECT - Rehabilitation of an old Silver Mining Town in North-Eastern Ontario, Canada." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 2 (1993): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93020590.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Yurtseven-Sandker, A., and M. T. Cioppa. "Magnetic susceptibility mapping of the Sudbury area, Ontario, Canada: evaluating pollution distributions decades later." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 5 (May 2016): 466–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0195.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluates the use of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic parameter measurements in assessing spatial and temporal variations of pollutants that emanated from mining industries in and around Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. For this purpose, in situ magnetic susceptibility (κin situ) was measured at 106 sites on a grid of 10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km. The κin situ values ranged from 2 × 10−5 to 149 × 10−5 SI, and the highest κin situ values were observed near the active (Copper Cliff) and inactive (Coniston) mining sites. The lowest κin situ values were measured at increased distances from possible pollution sources; therefore, mapping of in situ magnetic susceptibility values is a proxy to polluted areas in and around Sudbury. To evaluate potential anthropogenic and (or) lithogenic input to κin situ, low-frequency mass specific magnetic susceptibility (χlf) variations with depth were classified into four different types of profiles. For further investigation of magnetic minerals in the samples, laboratory measurements of magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis properties, thermosusceptibility curves, anhysteretic and isothermal magnetizations, and scanning electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) were also conducted on the soil samples. Laboratory measurements indicated that ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g., magnetite) of variable grain size were the dominant magnetic minerals, with the exception of one site that contained an iron sulfide (greigite) phase near a mine waste site. Magnetic spherules observed in SEM micrographs are of variable sizes (6–60 μm), suggesting that suspended particulate matter (PM10) is present, and may be a health concern. At some sites, EDS analysis showed that heavy metals (Co, Al, and Ni), which threaten human health, are also present in the study area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Dorval, Hanna R., and Richard Troy McMullin. "Lichens and allied fungi of Sandbar Lake Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 133, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i3.2209.

Full text

Abstract:

Sandbar Lake Provincial Park (Sandbar Lake) covers 8053 ha in the boreal forest in northwestern Ontario. Within the park boundary are natural forests representative of those in the region, as well as forests that are heavily disturbed from resource extraction activities, which are prevalent in northwestern Ontario. The lichen biota in this part of the boreal forest is known to be rich and abundant, but lichen diversity is also known to be negatively impacted by disturbances (e.g., timber harvesting, mining, and climate change). Therefore, lichens can be used to monitor the effects of these disturbances, but baseline data are required. Here, we present the results of the first detailed inventory of the lichens and allied fungi of Sandbar Lake. We report 139 species in 69 genera from 16 sites that represent all macrohabitats present in the park. Seven species have a provincial conservation status rank from S1 to S3 (critically imperilled to vulnerable), and one species, Arthrosporum populorum, has previously been collected only once in northwestern Ontario. Our results fill biogeographic gaps for many species and allow lichens to be used as biomonitors during further study at Sandbar Lake. We show that Sandbar Lake has important conservation value, and our data provide an opportunity for further study in an area with no previous research on lichens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gray, M. D. "New Evidence for Multiple Periods of Gold Emplacement in the Porcupine Mining District, Timmins Area, Ontario, Canada." Economic Geology 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.3.453.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gray, Matthew D., and Richard W. Hutchinson. "New Evidence for Multiple Periods of Gold Emplacement in the Porcupine Mining District, Timmins Area, Ontario, Canada." Economic Geology 96, no. 3 (May 2001): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.96.3.453.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lavoie, Isabelle, Soizic Morin, Vincent Laderriere, and Claude Fortin. "Freshwater Diatoms as Indicators of Combined Long-Term Mining and Urban Stressors in Junction Creek (Ontario, Canada)." Environments 5, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5020030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Roberts, Robin S., James A. Julian, Daniel Sweezey, David C. F. Muir, Harry S. Shannon, and Ernest Mastromatteo. "A Study of Mortality in Workers Engaged in the Mining, Smelting, and Refining of Nickel: I: Methodology and Mortality by Major Cause Groups." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 6 (December 1985): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500605.

Full text

Abstract:

Following the publication of the NIOSH nickel criteria document in 1977, the Joint Occupational Health Committee of the International Nickel Company (INCO) commissioned a mortality study of the company's Ontario workforce. This paper describes the detailed methodology and primary mortality results of the ensuing study; subsequent papers will describe more detailed findings of cause-specific mortality. An historical prospective mortality study of approximately 54,000 INCO workers has been conducted. Men with six months or more of service were followed for mortality during a 35-year period by computerized record linkage to the Canadian National Mortality Data Base. From a company-provided list of men known to have died and through independent follow-up of a random sample of 1,000 subjects of unknown status, we estimate a mortality ascertainment rate of 95%. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios calculated with respect to Ontario provincial mortality rates indicate an excess of accidental deaths in men working in the Sudbury area and an excess of cancer deaths at the company's Port Colborne nickel refinery. A strong healthy worker effect was found for both all-disease mortality ad cancer mortality. The lower than expected mortality persisted for about 15 years beyond initial hiring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Peng, Sihong, and Nick Vayenas. "Maintainability Analysis of Underground Mining Equipment Using Genetic Algorithms: Case Studies with an LHD Vehicle." Journal of Mining 2014 (February 19, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/528414.

Full text

Abstract:

While increased mine mechanization and automation make considerable contributions to mine productivity, unexpected equipment failures and planned or routine maintenance prohibit the maximum possible utilization of sophisticated mining equipment and require a significant amount of extra capital investment. This paper deals with aspects of maintainability prediction for mining machinery. A PC software called GenRel was developed for this purpose. In GenRel, it is assumed that failures of mining equipment caused by an array of factors follow the biological evolution theory. GenRel then simulates the failure occurrences during a time period of interest using genetic algorithms (GAs) coupled with a number of statistical techniques. A group of case studies focuses on maintainability analysis of a Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicle with two different time intervals, three months and six months. The data was collected from an underground mine in the Sudbury area in Ontario, Canada. In each prediction case study, a statistical test is carried out to examine the similarity between the predicted data set with the real-life data set in the same time period. The objectives of case studies include an assessment of the applicability of GenRel using real-life data and an investigation of the impacts of data size and chronological sequence on prediction results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bush, Elizabeth J., and Spencer C. H. Barrett. "Genetics of mine invasions by Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 1336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-159.

Full text

Abstract:

Deschampsia cespitosa is a self-incompatible, tussock-forming, perennial grass with a scattered distribution in Ontario, primarily along the shores of the Great Lakes. In recent decades, D. cespitosa has colonized metal-contaminated sites in the mining regions of Sudbury and Cobalt. Isozyme variation in populations from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were compared to investigate the genetic consequences of mine invasion. Central Ontario populations are diploid (2n = 26); however, the complexity of electrophoretic patterns suggested that D. cespitosa is a diploidized tetraploid with considerable gene duplication. Innovative approaches were therefore required for quantitative assessment of isozyme variability within and among populations. Eighteen populations of D. cespitosa were assayed for variation at nine enzyme systems, representing 19 putative isozyme loci. Populations included eight from various uncontaminated habitats, five from mine sites around Sudbury, and five from Cobalt. Lower levels of diversity were evident in both Sudbury and Cobalt populations relative to uncontaminated populations. The results corroborated the prediction that colonization of contaminated habitats reduces levels of genetic variability, particularly where populations are recently established. Strong selection on mine sites will also compound stochastic loss of genetic diversity associated with colonization. The distribution of isozyme variation among populations of D. cespitosa was also used to infer colonization history. Cobalt and Sudbury populations were clearly differentiated by unique alleles at a number of enzyme systems, providing evidence for the independent origin of metal-tolerant populations in the two mining regions. Estimates of outcrossing frequency revealed no significant difference between a mine and an uncontaminated population; both populations exhibited high levels of outcrossing. Key words: colonization, mine invasion, genetic variation, Deschampsia cespitosa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Jorgenson, Mica, and John Sandlos. "Dust versus Dust: Aluminum Therapy and Silicosis in the Canadian and Global Mining Industries." Canadian Historical Review 102, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2019-0049.

Full text

Abstract:

By the 1930s, silicosis – a debilitating lung disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust – had reached epidemic proportions among miners in the gold-producing Porcupine region of northern Ontario. In response, industrial doctors at the McIntyre Mine began to test aluminum powder as a possible prophylactic against the effects of silica dust. In 1944, the newly created McIntyre Research Foundation began distributing aluminum powder throughout Canada and exported this new therapy to mines across the globe. The practice continued until the 1980s despite a failure to replicate preventative effects of silicosis and emerging evidence of adverse neurological impacts among long-time recipients of aluminum therapy. Situated at the intersection of labour, health, science, and environmental histories, this article argues that aluminum therapy represents an extreme and important example where industry and health researchers collaborated on quick-fix “miracle cures” rather than the systemic (and more expensive) changes to the underground environment necessary to reduce the risk of silicosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Philpot, Simone L., Peter A. Johnson, and Keith W. Hipel. "Analysis of a below-water aggregate mining case study in Ontario, Canada using values-centric online citizen participation." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1588713.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Jung, James K. H., Saul G. Feinstein, Luis Palma Lazgare, Jill S. Macleod, Victoria H. Arrandale, Christopher B. McLeod, Alice Peter, and Paul A. Demers. "Examining lung cancer risks across different industries and occupations in Ontario, Canada: the establishment of the Occupational Disease Surveillance System." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 8 (May 7, 2018): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104926.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundThe Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) was established in Ontario, Canada by linking a cohort of workers with data created from Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) claims to administrative health databases. The aim of this study was to use ODSS to identify high-risk industry and occupation groups for lung cancer in Ontario.MethodsWorkers in the WSIB lost time claims database were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry using subjects’ health insurance numbers, name, sex, birthdate and death date (if applicable). Several occupations and industries known to be at increased risk were outlined a priori to examine whether ODSS could replicate these associations. Age-adjusted, sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard models compared the risk of lung cancer within one industry/occupation versus all other groups in the cohort. Workers with a lung cancer diagnosis prior to cohort entry were excluded for analysis, leaving 2 187 762 workers for analysis.ResultsDuring the 1983 to 2014 follow-up, 34 661 workers in the cohort were diagnosed with lung cancer. Among expected high-risk industries, elevated risks were observed among workers in quarries/sand pits and construction industries for both sexes, and among males in metal mines, iron foundries, non-metallic mineral products industries and transportation industries. Excess risk was also observed among occupations in drilling/blasting, other mining/quarrying, mineral ore treating, excavating/grading/paving, truck driving, painting, bus driving and construction.ConclusionsThis current surveillance system identified several established high-risk groups for lung cancer and could be used for ongoing surveillance of occupational lung cancer in Ontario.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Vallières, Marc. "NEWELL, Dianne, Technology on the Frontier. Mining in Old Ontario. Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 1986. 220 p." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 40, no. 4 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/304498ar.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pan, Yuanming, and Michael E. Fleet. "Mineralogy and genesis of calc-silicates associated with Archean volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits at the Manitouwadge mining camp, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-111.

Full text

Abstract:

Skarn-like calc-silicate rocks are reported in spatial association with the Archean Cu–Zn–Ag massive sulphide deposits at the Manitouwadge mining camp, Ontario. Calc-silicates in the footwall of the Willroy mine occur as matrix to breccia fragments of garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and as lenses within garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and are composed of clinopyroxene, garnet, calcic amphiboles, wollastonite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, epidote, quartz, calcite, magnetite, and minor sulphides. Calc-silicates within the main orebody of the Geco mine are characterized by clinopyroxene, calcic amphiboles (Cl–K-rich hastingsitic and ferro-edenitic hornblende, ferro-edenite (up to 4.7 wt.% Cl); and ferroactinolite (6.7 wt.% MnO)), garnet, epidote (including an epidote rich in rare-earth elements and Cl), calcite, quartz, and abundant sulphides. Calc-silicates within the basal 4/2 Copper Zone of the Geco mine contain garnet, gahnite, sphalerite, ferroactinolite (8.5 wt.% MnO), epidote, quartz, biotite, plagioclase, chlorite, muscovite, K-feldspar, and pyrosmalite (with Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio ranging from 0.21 to 0.61, and up to 3.9 wt.% Cl). The calc-silicates probably represent metasomatic remobilization of dispersed Ca (and Cl) from sea-floor hydrothermal alteration of mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks and are only indirectly related to the hypothesized syngenetic ore-forming processes for the associated base metal sulphide deposits. The calc-silicates formed initially at about 600 °C and 3–5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) in a mildly reducing environment (from 1 log unit above to 1 log unit below the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer) during the upper-amphibolite- to granulite-facies regional metamorphism and were altered subsequently at lower temperatures (<500 °C).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Schindler, Michael, and Balz S. Kamber. "High-resolution lake sediment reconstruction of industrial impact in a world-class mining and smelting center, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada." Applied Geochemistry 37 (October 2013): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.07.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

BROWN, D. ANN, S. P. MATHUR, ANTON BROWN, and D. J. KUSHNER. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOME PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOILS FROM THE SOUTHERN CANADIAN SHIELD." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-037.

Full text

Abstract:

Different numerical methods used to distinguish between organic soil types are evaluated. The research was initiated by the suggestion that acid leaching from mining wastes could be prevented by capping the tailings with a self-renewing methane-producing muskeg bog, in order to prevent the penetration of oxygen to the wastes. Thirty organic soils from bogs in the mining districts of Elliot Lake, Sudbury, and Timmins, Ontario, and Noranda, Quebec, were sampled and 28 soil characteristics were measured. These characteristics, whose values are normally or lognormally distributed, were analyzed by several different statistical methods. Some characteristics indicate the existence of two populations, and others are bivariantly correlated. Canonical discriminant analysis was more successful than cluster analysis in separating the bogs into well-defined geographical groups. However, principal component analysis proved best at grouping the organic soils according to their organic and inorganic components, and we suggest that this is a suitable method for the general discrimination of organic soil types. Methane was present in all the 17 bogs tested for it, and in two very wet bogs more than 2 mmol of methane per liter were extracted. Key words: Muskeg bog, organic soils, soil characterization, principal component analysis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gopalapillai, Yamini, Chuni L. Chakrabarti, and David R. S. Lean. "Assessing toxicity of mining effluents: equilibrium- and kinetics-based metal speciation and algal bioassay." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 4 (2008): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08027.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental context. The release of mining effluents exposes natural waters to excess metals and thereby threatens both human and environmental health. The present study explores the toxicity of aqueous mining effluents collected from a mining area in Sudbury (Ontario, Canada), using two different methods for determination of metal speciation, and an algal toxicity study. The results show reasonable correlation between metal speciation and the observed toxicity and suggest the importance of taking into account other factors related to water quality criteria such as nutrient concentrations, diluent water and presence of other toxic metals that can greatly influence the toxicological result. Abstract. The present study explores the toxicity of aqueous mining and municipal effluents from the Sudbury area (Canada) using equilibrium- and kinetics-based estimates of metal speciation and chronic toxicity studies using algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Free metal ion concentration was determined by the Ion Exchange Technique (IET) and a computer speciation code, Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) VI. Labile metal concentration was determined using the Competing Ligand Exchange Method. In general, no correlation was found between the observed IC25 (concentration of test substance that inhibits growth of organism by 25%) and the [Ni]labile, [Ni2+]IET or [Ni2+]WHAM, probably because of contributions by other metals such as Cu and Zn being also significant. Reasonable correlation (r2 = 0.7575) was found when the observed toxicity was compared with the sum of free metal ions of Cu, Ni, and Zn predicted by WHAM. The results of the present study reveal the importance of taking into account other factors related to water quality criteria such as nutrient concentrations, diluent water, and the presence of other toxic metals, which greatly influence the toxicological result in complex, multi-metal contaminated waters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Beaulieu, Michel S. "Spittoon Philosophers or Radical Revolutionaries?" Ontario History 105, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050733ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Historians contend that the heyday of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) in the U.S. and Canada ended when it was suppressed by the authorities in the First World War because of the “foreigners” within its ranks. However, the IWW went underground and re-emerged briefly in the late 1920s and 1930s as a force in lumber and mining unions in both countries. Little is known about its organization during this period, particularly the operations of the Canadian Administration established in 1932. This article explores the activities of Canadian Wobblies and their attempts to form a Canadian Administration between 1931 and 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario. It establishes that the Canadian leadership increasingly separated itself from an ineffectual American leadership and attempted to establish uniquely “Canadian” polices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!