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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ministry of International Trade and Industry'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gollan, Hugh. "The New Zealand dairy industry--international trade & industry structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13343.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.
Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: International trade in dairy products and the New Zeland industry.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Hugh Gollan.
M.S.
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2

Sağlam, Aziz İbrahim. "Three essays on international trade strategic trade policies, intra-industry trade, and income convergence /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4602.

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3

Wojcik, Charlotte A. (Charlote Anne). "Studies of the automobile industry and international trade." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10841.

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4

Muhtaseb, Buthaina Mohamed Ali. "International competitiveness of Jordan's manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21582.

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The International competitiveness of Jordan's manufacturing sector has recently been of considerable concern to officials in Jordan. This study examines Jordan's capacity to compete successfully in foreign markets and with imports in Jordan's market, and the impact of the recent policies on the price and short-run aspects of competitiveness for a period from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s. Unlike previous studies, assessment and analysis of Jordan's relative competitive position are built on indicators constructed exclusively for the manufacturing sector covering import, export, and overall dimensions of competitiveness. The OECD model has been employed using export, import and producer prices, and trade double weights for manufactures. The results show that Jordan's competitiveness deteriorated until the mid-1980s. Subsequently, competitiveness improved with the most pronounced gains being achieved at the end of the 1980s and in the early 1990s, particularly in import and overall competitiveness. The maintenance of a strong Jordanian dinar associated with other unfavourable internal and external developments in Jordan's and competitors' prices before the mid-1980s, and the favourable developments in these prices including the devaluation of the Jordanian dinar at the end of the 1980s, may explain the initial deterioration in competitiveness and the subsequent improvement. Between the mid-1970s and the late-1980s the gains achieved in import competitiveness process were reflected in most years in declines in the import penetration ratio; and in the case of the export competitiveness process were translated into higher market shares. The Constant-Market-Share approach shows that one-third of the expansion in Jordan's manufactured exports was attributable to improved competitiveness. The Commodity effect, particularly for chemicals, was favourable to this expansion, while the concentration of exports on the sluggish import demand of the Middle Eastern countries resulted in a slight unfavourable market effect.
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5

Srivastava, Raman K. "A vertical trade model of the international pork industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23882.pdf.

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6

Giri, Jeeten Krishna. "REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, INTRA-NATIONAL TRADE, AND INDUSTRY-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IN INDIA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1590.

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This dissertation addresses specific issues on domestic and foreign trade in India. The three chapters of the dissertation are summarized as follows. In the first chapter, we analyze the existence of regional wage differences across Indian states, and how domestic trade affects those premiums. We follow a two-step estimation process used in the literature on Labor Economics. Our empirical results show that higher level of domestic imports tends to reduce the state premiums, and higher domestic exports increase those premiums, which is consistent with a specific factor Ricardo-Viner model. Thus, promoting domestic trade by with states specializing in certain industries may lead to higher welfare within the country. In addition, we find, state premiums depend negatively on state-level amenities measured by per-capita power availability, and does not depend on the richness of the State measured by per-capita Net State Domestic Product. In the second chapter, we look at the pattern and determinants of inter-state manufacturing trade in India. In the paper, we use information on 12 manufacturing industries categorized under 5 sectors from 2005 to 2013 with two-year intervals in between. We find that a 1\% decrease in income ratio between importing state net state domestic product and exporting state net domestic product has significantly varying effects on trade flows across the different sectors. For coal and minerals, the effect is 36.8%, for chemical it is 105%, for metals it is 31.5% and for cement, it is 36.8%. In all these case a decrease in income ratio increases exports. For machinery, a 1% decrease in income ratio lead to approximately 9.3% reduction in trade. This suggests that machineries which are capital goods are more imported by richer states, whereas the other goods which can be classified as intermediate inputs are more imported by poorer states. We also find that infrastructure promotes trade and on average infrastructure reduces the effect of contiguity by around 28.6% and promotes trade even between non-contiguous states. Therefore, infrastructure in the form of roadways, highways, and railways must be built and maintained to promote facilitate trade in India. In chapter three, we compare the effects of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on Indian exports. We use Indian HS-96 four-digit industry level export data from COMTRADE and tariff data from TRAINS database for the study. The overall result suggests that input tariffs have the largest effect on exports, followed by final tariff and foreign tariffs. A 1% reduction in input tariff leads to around 8.6% increase in exports. A similar reduction in final tariffs and foreign tariffs lead to 3.6% and 2.8% increase, respectively in exports. Thus, we conclude that the supply side effect of exports dominates the demand side effects. From a policy perspective, if countries try to improve trade balance by imposing high tariffs, it may lead to a negative effect on exports through the input tariff effects.
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7

Nangendo, Aidah. "International liberalization of trade in textiles and clothing." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81472.

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Liberalization of textiles and clothing was one of the pillars of the Uruguay Round under the WTO aimed at promoting economic growth, development and alleviating poverty. For over 40 years this sector had been separated from the established principles of liberal trade stemming mainly from protectionist sentiments. The new regime established by the Uruguay Round aimed at integrating the sector into GATT on the basis of its strengthened rules and disciplines in furtherance of its general objective to liberalize trade. This change in international trade rules is a phenomenal development that is bound to have an impact on trade in other areas. The paper explores the liberalization process by analyzing current trends in the textiles and clothing liberalization process. It identifies opportunities and also highlights challenges the process presents to participants in the sector. Although no precise picture of the trade following the full integration can be drawn at this stage, there are some indicators of potential winners and losers explaining both the praises and condemnation in the liberalization debate from the various commentators. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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8

Dickson. "Institutions affecting integration between Chinese and international steel prices 1992-1996 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecmd554.pdf.

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9

Chrissafis, Athanassios. "Global strategic competition in the consumer electronics industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259740.

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10

Hauge, Arild O. "The overseas operations of the Norwegian manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291517.

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11

Chan, Chi-chuen Nicholas. "International competitiveness of plastic plant/flower industry inHongkong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12335150.

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12

Chong, Wing-yi Elena, and 莊詠怡. "The impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on itstextile trade." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953426.

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13

Graves, Andrew. "International competitiveness and technology development in the world automobile industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317851.

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14

Bonazzi, Matteo. "Sustainable development in the Mediterranean : prospects for the olive industry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300376.

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15

Chong, Wing-yi Elena. "The impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on its textile trade." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://lib.hku.hk/hkspc/wto/index.htmlB25017974.

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16

Nyerembe, Malima Paul. "The publishing industry, the ideological framework and foreign aid in Tanzania." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341730.

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17

Al-Rawi, Khalid Whayeb. "The adoption of the marketing concept in the Iraqi food industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314591.

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18

Zhang, Anming. "The design of industry-specific trade policies and a sequential entry-exit model of international trade." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25719.

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Conventional trade theory assumes perfect competition among firms and makes on balance a strong case for free trade. An important observation in the modern international economy is that competition among firms in many industries is imperfectly competitive. These firms, usually few and large, strategically interact with each other and may earn supernormal profits. As shown by the recently growing literature on trade with imperfect competition, allowing for the importance of imperfect competition leads to new insights about causes, effects, and patterns of trade, and has major implications for the analysis of trade policy as well. This study investigates the effects of firms' imperfect competition on trade policy designs and on trade patterns, product variety, and specialization. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is entitled "The design of industry-specific trade policies" and the second part "A sequential entry-exit model of international trade". The first part of the thesis addresses the following two questions: (l) Whether government intervention can raise the national welfare and how important the effect of intervention would be in raising welfare; and (2) Whether, or when, trade restrictions are first-best policies, and when other policy instruments would achieve the same aims more efficiently. Dixit (1985) has recently undertaken an empirical study of strategic trade policy for a specific industry. The rivalry between the U.S. firms and Japanese firms in the U.S. passenger car market is examined. It is noticed that in Dixit's work, only the numerical (simulation) results are given and evaluated, and only the U.S. government is assumed to be active in policy-making. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to provide a theoretical treatment of Dixit's model, to discuss the role of policy intervention and compare the importance and efficiency of tariffs vis-a-vis domestic production subsidies under different market structures, and to examine the consequences of allowing Japan to be active in policy-making. The basic results of this part are as follows. First, when the domestic (foreign) firms' conduct has rather significant effects on the market equilibrium relative to the foreign (domestic) firms', policy is usually directed by the domestic (foreign) firms' monopoly in the market, and a domestic production subsidy (a tariff) is usually more important and more efficient than a tariff (a domestic production subsidy). Secondly, allowing Japan to simultaneously pursue its optimal policy can reverse the result of positive U.S. welfare gains from the optimal policies, a result obtained under the condition that Japan adopts complete laissez-faire. Furthermore, Japan does have an incentive to pursue the optimal policy. Thus, The U.S. policy gains are not at all automatic or riskless. This result is obtained by examined the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium in tariff/subsidy for the U.S. and Japan. Thirdly, both countries would nonetheless be better off if they could cooperatively choose policy parameters to maximize the joint welfare rather than non-cooperatively pursue their own optimal policies. The two countries may play a bargaining game. The purpose of the second part is to examine firms' strategic behaviour in international rivalry, and its effects on trade pattens and on product variety by using a sequential entry-exit model of trade. The paper models an industry consisting of two firms, each in a different country. The two firms are assumed to be able to potentially produce and export two imperfectly substitutable products, to be able to make their entry, exit, and production (quantity, price, etc.) decisions sequentially, and to be able to choose these strategy variables for each country separately. Two four-stage games are constructed and examined. The paper intends to do an exploration of models of international trade. The new feature of our model is that the fixed cost of withdrawing a product is considered as a variable and firms are allowed to exit in response to entry. Three basic results emerge from the second paper. First, firms' strategic behaviour can give rise to two-way trade in identical products which are produced only for trade. The kind of two-way trade can introduce products which would otherwise not be produced in autarky. The non-cooperative solution to the firm's profit-maximizing problem involves such a two-way trade, but each firm may nonetheless be better off if the two firms could agree not to invade each other's home markets. This result is more likely to hold as exit costs are low, as transport costs are small, as products are better substitutes, as competition in identical products is more intense, and as firms are more likely to treat different countries as different markets. Secondly, our model gives mixed results on the issue of whether trade, through intra-industry trade, makes a greater variety of products available to consumers. Whether trade increases or reduces variety depends on the firms' payoffs of various market structures and on the level of entry, exit, and transport costs. Firms' strategic interaction through trade in order to maximize profits can increase or reduce product variety. In the case of Cournot or Bertrand conduct with linear demand, trade would increase product variety. Moreover, changes in variety can be brought about by either an actual flow of trade or a potential for trade. Finally, instead of producing all substitutable products and monopolizing their home markets, firms may specialize in some products and invade each other's countries. So the third result is in favour for intra-industry trade, and it also shows specialization can be independently caused by the rivalry of oligopolistic firms.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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19

Berger, Ron. "Trust, exchange and social embeddedness : the case of the Israeli diamond industry." Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287409.

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20

Roberts, Dean C. "Entry into the large commercial aero engine industry by East Asian companies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284872.

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21

Almashari, Abdulaziz Salih. "Cost-benefit analysis of the petrochemical industry : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33582.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine a cost- benefit analysis of the petrochemical industry comparing the costs of production, such as capital cost, labour cost, etc. in Saudi Arabia, and show the degree of its competitiveness in the international market. Also it discusses and evaluates the industrial development process in Saudi Arabia. The labour shortage and the marketing problems of the petrochemical products will be examined and solutions to these problems will be given. This research started by dealing with the theoretical background of the development planning. Various sources of energy literature have been reviewed, describing the role that hydrocarbon resource exploitation played in the Saudi development plans. Its objectives are to identify and understand the development problems, its strategies, objectives and plans of the Saudi government by paying attention to the role of the oil and gas resources and the country opportunities for diversification of the economy and decreasing dependence on crude oil and to use their limited resources more efficiently. Various procedural approaches were considered for evaluating development projects in order to increase the effectiveness of the development programs in Saudi Arabia. These include: improving the people's welfare, increasing national income, expanding the country's absorptive capacity and shifting to a renewable resource base. The petrochemical industry is the most feasible industry to be established in Saudi Arabia at this time. It would provide the country with the best alternative for steady economic growth with decreasing emphasis on the export of oil. The thesis will try to prove that the development of the petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia is an adequate economic project, only if the major constraints such as labour shortage and marketing and profitability on the international market for petrochemical products can be overcome or at least minimised.
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22

Nangolo, Eino Kandali. "An analysis on creating balance between economic transformation and investment in Namibia's mining industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28082.

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The study is based on inclusive economic transformation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Namibia's mining industry. The author seeks to find out how the two competing interests can be balanced, so that readers understand the relevance of both to economic growth and poverty alleviation among the society. In doing so, the study uses the distributive justice theory to justify inclusive economic transformation whereas on the other hand, uses the rational choice theory and investment laws to demonstrate the impact of FDI on the Namibian mining industry. Advise and ratings from the World Bank and international rating agencies have been considered in this regard. In addition, the study includes a brief comparative analysis on how economic transformation affects the economy South Africa and Zimbabwe. The comparison is necessary in order to determine whether Namibia will yield different outcomes or it will fall into the same category like its neighbouring countries. Thereafter, the study concludes with a discussion on the recommendations for future.
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23

Chan, Tak-him. "From international regulation to green production : continuous challenges to our textile and clothing industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17956791.

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24

Velia, Myriam Agnes Isabelle. "Trade policy and adjustment in the textile and clothing industry : the European Community and Mauritius." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321353.

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25

Koksal, M. H. "The critical marketing success and failure factors in new product development in the UK electronics industry." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337678.

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26

Hu, Xiaoling. "Comparative studies between China and India of intra-industry trade and its implications for developing countries." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285390.

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27

Haarløv, Jens. "Regional cooperation and integration within industry and trade in Southern Africa : general approaches and the World Bank." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260268.

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28

Taggart, James Hand. "Strategic determinants of the foreign R & D locational decision : the case of the international pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314641.

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29

Vekstein, Daniel. "Dynamics of organizational growth in the international automobile industry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186248.

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The phenomenon of organizational growth has traditionally been assumed to be indeterminate largely due to chance or accidents found in organizational worlds. This research takes up the causal processes underlying the growth (and decline) of virtually all world-class manufacturers in the international automobile industry from 1946 to 1989. Two models are developed as alternative explanations for the long-term trends observed in growth rates and their differences across firms. The models are estimated with a nonlinear method and tested through various empirical implications. The model that seems most consistent with the data shows unambiguously that they were not generated by a random or chance process but by underlying processes of collective learning, innovation, and outnovation in technologies and organizational routines. Firms that had generated different rates in these processes differed as hypothesized in their long-term growth performance. The dynamics of collective learning processes, as measured by the parameters of the model, largely explain the dynamics of organizational growth in the world automobile industry, hence, the dynamics of interorganizational competition. The results from tests of ecological hypotheses suggest that organizational ecology might benefit from the application of matrices of collective learning rates generated from interorganizational learning curves, particularly where ecology seeks to explain patterns of competition by organizational size. As shown, this research strategy is general and gauges directly interactions among organizations over long periods. It is also flexible in dealing with various levels of analysis in longitudinal and cross-sectional dimensions. As also shown, the collective learning theory, its model, and the ecology of interorganizational learning curves derived from them can help in evaluating empirically the competitive potential of firms by indicators of innovation and outnovation relative to other firms, patterns of competition (gauged by relative learning rates) among firms, and any changes of those patterns over time. Thus, the research strategy used here provides potentially useful causal analyses as well as meaningful measures on which different organizations can be compared, with each other and with themselves. These measures may also provide important benchmarks and diagnostics for strategic management.
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Chetty, Kamala (Sylvie). "International trade performance of New Zealand manufacturing: An industry and enterprise-level study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4321.

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This thesis attempts to establish the key factors influencing trade performance at both industry and enterprise-level. The underlying purpose is to consolidate the diverse literature in International Marketing as well as provide new insights. For the industry-level study, trade performance models are developed and tested to explain changes in exports and imports for a cross-section of New Zealand manufacturing industries between 1985 and 1990. Increased exports are associated with larger firm sizes, lower levels of advertising intensity and least trade protection (by either tariff or export subsidy). The largest increases in imports have been in those industries which are relatively highly concentrated, with higher R&D intensities, and higher levels of tariff protection and foreign ownership. The key to raising the export performance of manufacturing in general, seems to lie with increasing the quantity and improving the quality of product-related R&D carried out in New Zealand. A meta-analysis of 111 studies on export performance conducted during the period 1978-1991 was done to identify the key variables at enterprise-level. A multi-case study of 12 small to medium-sized firms, six from the timber processing industry and six from the electrical industrial machinery industry, was conducted to gather data for this section. The key variables identified in the meta-analysis are confirmed. The findings show that firm size drives export growth at both industry and enterprise-level. The study provides new insights on how the export behaviour process operates. Enterprises in both industries behave in a similar manner but there are significant differences in the behaviour between exporters and non-exporters. There is considerable overlap within export strategies among the group of eight exporters thus ruling out export strategy as an explanation for export performance.
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31

Amiti, Mynyre. "International trade in the manufacturing sectors of industrialised countries : theory and evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2461/.

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The Thesis investigates the determinants and patterns of specialisation and international trade in the manufacturing sectors of countries that are similar in terms of their technology, relative factor endowments and preferences. Chapter 1 shows that differences in country size alone can be a basis for interindustry trade in manufactures. I present a general equilibrium model in which each country has two imperfectly competitive industries which can differ in three respects: relative factor intensities, level of transport costs and demand elasticities. With positive trade costs and increasing returns to scale, each firm prefers to locate in the larger country due to the 'market access' effect. But the increase in demand for factors in the large country induces a 'production cost' effect - a rise in the wage in the large country relative to the small country to offset the locational advantage of the large country. The tension between the market access effect and production cost effect determines which industry will concentrate in which country and the pattern of inter-industry trade. Chapter 2 investigates circumstance in which technological leapfrogging between regions will occur. Input-output linkages between firms in imperfectly competitive industries create forces for agglomeration of industries in particular locations. A new technology, incompatible with the old, will not benefit from these linkages, so will typically be established in locations with little existing industry and consequently lower factor prices. Chapters 3 studies specialisation patterns in the European Union between 1968 and 1990. It investigates whether specialisation has increased in the European Union countries and analyses whether these patterns are consistent with three different strands of trade theories: the classical Heckscher-Ohlin theory, the 'new' trade theories based on increasing returns to scale, and the 'economic geography' theories based on vertical linkages between industries. I find that there is evidence of increasing specialisation in the European Union countries and there is some support for all three strands of trade theories.
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Sarsito, Agus. "An analysis of the Indonesian teak industry and its market prospects in the UK for further processed products." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262521.

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Larivee, David Rene. "The interaction between foreign direct investment and voluntary export restraints : with an application to the United States automobile industry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333358.

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Cawthorne, Pamela. "Amoebic capitalism as a form of accumulation : the case of the cotton knitwear industry in a South Indian town." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276113.

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Ibraheem, Amr Ameen Alee. "The economic and social efficiency of the Egyptian vehicles industry and some of its selected public sector auxiliary units." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276735.

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Bergen, Martina. "The Japanese pork market facing international trade : introducing a spatial equilibrium model of international trade under consideration of a differential tariff system /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/519806913.pdf.

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Chen, Yi. "Food safety and international trade : international legal issues and challenges facing Chinese food exports /." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580105.

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Emadi-Moghadam, Mehrdad. "The quality, technology and welfare effects of VERs in the US automobile industry, 1975-1991 : the case for trade-cum-industrial policy in correcting the US trade deficit." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308582.

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Liu, Wei. "Technology transfer, technological capability and late entry into the international automobile industry : a casestudy of Shanghai-Volkswagen Automotive Corporation in China." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358732.

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Calton, Jerry Merle. "The political economy of international automotive competition : a comparative and longitudinal study of governmental policy, developmental change, and shifting competitive advantage in the European and Japanese automobile industries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8725.

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Pillay, Subramaniam Sithambaram. "Performance of the world tin industry : effects of the international tin agreements, 1956-85." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30631.

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The thesis presents an analysis of the influence of the international tin agreements (ITA) on the world tin industry between 1956 to 1985. The ITAs, the first of which came into effect in 1956, were jointly operated by tin producing and consuming countries. The International Tin Council (ITC) used a buffer stock and export controls to maintain the price of tin within a band. This experiment in stabilizing tin prices ended in October 1985, when the ITC was unable to continue its operations because it ran out of financial resources. The study first analyzes the market structure of the world tin industry in some detail. Then an econometric model which attempts to capture the behaviour of supply, demand and price of tin over the 30 year period is constructed. Particular attention was paid to the estimation of the tin production functions for major tin producing countries. In many of these countries, the output of the tin depended not only on the price of tin but also on the policies of the ITC as well as the internal political environment of the country. The model is then used to simulate a scenario in which the ITC does not intervene in the tin market. The differences in the price and revenue levels between the actual and simulated scenario are computed. The simulation results show that the tin agreements succeeded in their objective of reducing the variability of price and producers' revenue. In addition, the average level of price and revenues under the ITC regime was higher than under the non-intervention scenario. In evaluating policy options, it was shown that the establishment of a cartel is not viable in the long term for both economic and political reasons. The recommended policy options include improving access to futures markets, providing better transparency of tin market operations, the establishment of government policies which provide better incentives for tin mining and tin using industries in the major tin producing countries and continued efforts in research and development with the aim of lowering costs of production and increasing the uses for tin.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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42

Monastyrenko, Evgenii. "Essays in international trade and energy." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E018/document.

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Dans le chapitre 1, j’examine les résultats des fusions entre producteurs européens d’énergie en termes d’efficacité. Je calcule l’éco-efficacité en utilisant l’analyse de l’enveloppement des données et l’indice de productivité Malmquist-Luenberger. Je trouve que les fusions horizontales nationales, qui sont soigneusement réglementées, n’ont pas d’impact. Les fusions horizontales transfrontalières nuisent à l’éco-efficacité à court terme mais la stimulent deux ans après l’achèvement. Les fusions verticales nuisent à l’éco-efficacité. Je présente des suggestions de politiques concernant la réglementation des fusions. Le chapitre 2 est un travail conjoint avec Julian Hinz. Nous enquêtons sur les effets de l’embargo russe auto-imposé sur les importations de produits alimentaires en provenance des pays occidentaux. Nous construisons un modèle ricardien avec des liens sectoriels, des échanges de biens intermédiaires et une hétérogénéité sectorielle dans la production. L’étalonnage du modèle avec des données réelles permet de simuler les résultats de l’embargo en termes de changements de bien-être et de prix. Nous quantifions en outre l’impact sur les prix à la consommation en Russie à l’aide de la méthode des doubles différences. Le chapitre 3 est basé sur un article co-écrit avec Cristina Herghelegiu. Nous enquêtons sur l’utilisation des conditions commerciales internationales (Incoterms). Ce sont les schémas prédéfinis de la répartition des coûts et des risques entre les acheteurs et les vendeurs. Nous nous appuyons sur un ensemble de données très détaillées sur les exportations russes durant la période 2012-2015. Nous constatons que les grandes entreprises sont plus susceptibles d’assumer des responsabilités. Les gros acheteurs assument plus de responsabilités, quelle que soit la taille du vendeur, alors que les gros vendeurs le font uniquement lorsque leur partenaire est petit. C’est plus probable que les risques et les coûts sont sur les acheteurs dans les transactions de biens intermédiaires et de biens d’équipement
In Chapter 1 I investigate firm-level efficiency outcomes of mergers between the European energy producers. I compute eco-efficiency using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. I find that carefully regulated domestic horizontal mergers do not have a statistically significant impact. Cross-border horizontal mergers hamper eco-efficiency in the short run but stimulate it two years after completion. Vertical mergers are detrimental to eco-efficiency. I put forward policy suggestions regarding the regulation of mergers. Chapter 2 is joint work with Julian Hinz. We investigate the effects of self-imposed Russian embargo on food import from Western countries. We build a Ricardian model with sectoral linkages, trade in intermediate goods and sectoral heterogeneity in production. The calibration of the model with real data allows to simulate the outcomes of embargo in terms of changes in welfare and prices. We further quantify the impact on consumer prices in Russia with the difference-in-differences estimator. Chapter 3 is based on a paper co-written with Cristina Herghelegiu. We investigate the use of International Commercial Terms. They are pre-defined schemes of repartition of costs and risks between buyers and sellers, which serve to mitigate the uncertainty. We rely on a highly detailed dataset on Russian exports over the 2012-2015 period. We find that big firms are more likely to take on responsibilities. Big buyers bear more responsibilities regardless of the seller size, whereas big sellers do so only when their partner is small. Risks and costs are more likely on buyers in transactions of intermediate and capital goods
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Hofmeyr, Lynne Mary. "The significance of trade policy in promoting the international competitiveness of South African industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002991.

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This study proposes to examme the significance of trade policy in promoting the international competitiveness of South African industry during the period from the early 1970s up until the present day. By providing a background of South Africa's past trade policies, it is argued that the origins of South Africa's low levels of competitiveness essentially lie in the apartheid years where trade policies were not linked to the attainment of international competitiveness and improved productivity. The study then reviews the development of South Africa's trade policies in the 1990s. In so doing, it reveals weaknesses in the areas of implementation which are critiqued in greater detail by using the clothing and textile industries as a case study, and other selected examples. The study finally concludes that trade policy is crucial to global competitiveness and that it is the responsibility of all parties concerned to ensure that trade policies enhance and not inhibit competitiveness.
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Lu, J. (Jinghui). "The role of export intermediaries in facilitating export trade of Finnish small companies:case: food industry." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201305311405.

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Export intermediaries are entrepreneurial service firms who are to link foreign customers and domestic firms. They assist SMEs in export by providing export services based on their resources. What’s most important, export intermediaries need have a thorough understanding of the problems exporters facing during their internationalization development and what assistance they require to overcome the difficulties. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to find out the role of export intermediaries in assisting small companies in internationalization activities through investigating what export services are mostly needed by SMEs. The focus is on export intermediaries who act as external resources of exporters. Additionally, specific export services regarding entering German and China markets are examined respectively. The research method of this study is qualitative. In the empirical part, data are collected through semi-structured interviews of six respondents. These respondents can be categorized in two groups: the exporter group contains three Finnish small food manufacturers and the expert of internationalization group consists of one export agent and two internationalization experts from supporting organizations. The data obtained from the interviews were recorded and transcribed. Conclusions of the study are based on the answers to the three sub-research questions. The empirical results revealed that the most challenging thing exporters will face in exporting is to find contacts, partners and customers overseas. Lack of resources is the underlying fundamental cause for SMEs. When assisting in export, intermediaries need discover the needs of exporters and adapt to them. Therefore the role of export intermediaries identified in the study is to actively search customers in target market and to link exporters with them; to lower export costs and to help exporters gain market knowledge and experiences about target markets
Viennin välittäjät ovat palveluyrityksiä, jotka yhdistävät ulkomaisen asiakkaan kotimaiseen toimittajaan. Ne avustavat pk-yrityksiä viennissä tarjoamalla palveluja, jotka perustuvat välittäjäyrityksen resursseihin. Kuitenkin viennin välittäjillä tulee olla syvällinen ymmärrys ongelmista, joita pk-yritykset kohtaavat kansainvälistymisessä ja avusta, jota viejät tarvitsevat ratkaistakseen nämä vaikeudet. Tämän pro gradu -työn tavoitteena on selvittää viennin välittäjien tehtävää pienten yritysten kansainvälistymisen tukemisessa tutkimalla, millaisia viennin palveluja pk-yritykset eniten tarvitset. Työ keskittyy viennin välittäjiin, joita tarkastellaan viejien ulkopuolisina resursseina. Lisäksi työssä selvitetään, millaisia vientipalveluja tarvitaan erityisesti Saksan ja Kiinan markkinoille pääsemiseksi. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on laadullinen tutkimus. Empiirisessä osassa tietoa on kerätty puolistrukturoiduilla haastatteluilla, joiden kohteena on ollut kuusi vastaajaa. Nämä voidaan luokitella kahteen ryhmään: viejien ryhmä käsittää kolme suomalaista elintarvikealan pk-yritystä ja asiantuntijoiden ryhmä vientiagentin sekä kaksi asiantuntijaa viennin tukiorganisaatioista. Työn johtopäätelmät perustuvat haastateltavien vastauksiin liittyen kolmeen tutkimuksen alakysymykseen. Empiiriset tulokset osoittavat, että viejien suurin haaste on löytää kontakteja, yhteistyökumppaneita ja asiakkaita ulkomailta. Pienten yritysten resurssien puute on taustalla oleva perussyy. Viennin välittäjien tulee selvittää avustettavien viejäyritysten tarpeet ja mukautua niihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa tunnistettiinkin viennin välittäjien tehtävä hakea aktiivisesti asiakkaita kohdemarkkinoilta ja yhdistää viejät asiakkaisiin, alentaa vientikustannuksia sekä auttaa markkinatiedon ja kokemusten hankkimisessa kohdemarkkinoista
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Keet, Rudi. "Steinhoff International : the strategic road to Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53598.

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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the strategic errors and successes made in order to understand the reasons for Steinhoff International's investment in South African companies and the purpose of listing on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE). The South African furniture manufacturing industry currently has only one listed company on the JSE and the comparison with competitors from a Steinhoff perspective has been difficult due to the lack of available information and the presence of retailers listed under the furniture sector on the JSE. The study begins with the background of the furniture manufacturing industry and the broad product categories referred to in the industry. Thereafter the history of Steinhoff International follows with their introduction to furniture manufacturing and the entry into South Africa. The study then evaluates the market with relevant analysis to discuss strategic decisions made and evaluates Steinhoff International's strategy. The focus on Steinhoff is specifically from 1995 to 1999 since their investment in South Africa until the merger with the Cornick Group that led to the current structure of Steinhoff International. It is the purpose of the writer to evaluate the company from a strategic point of view for the compilation and use of a case study by fellow students in this field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die proefskrif is om te poog om die strategiese foute en suksesse te evalueer en uit te lig ten einde te verstaan hoe Steinhoff Internasionaal tot die slotsom gekom het om in Suid Afrika te investeer en wat die doelwitte en redes vir die notering op die Johannesburgse Effekte Beurs was. Die meubelvervaardigingsindustrie het tans slegs een genoteerde maatskappy in die Suid Afrikaanse mark en die vergelyking met mededingers is dus aansienlik bemoeilik aangesien die meubelsektor op die JSE uit kleinhandelaars bestaan wat die eindverbruiker bedien. Die studie begin met die agtergrond tot die meubelvervaardigingsindustrie en 'n uiteensetting van die produkkategoriëe. Daarna volg die geskiedenis van Steinhoff Internasionaal en hoe hulle by vervaardiging betrokke geraak het en tot Suid Afrika toegetree het as beleggers. Die studie behandel dan die mark met die gepaste ontledings om strategiese besluite te bespreek, waarna Steinhoff Internasionaal in terme van hulle strategie ontleed word. Die fokus op die maatskappy is veral sedert 1995 tot 1999, vanaf die aanvanklike belegging in Suid Afrika tot die uiteindelike oorname en assimilering van die Cornick Groep wat gelei het tot die huidige formaat van Steinhoff Internasionaal. Dit is die doel van die skrywer om die maatskappy vanuit In strategiese oogpunt te evalueer vir die samestelling van In bruikbare gevallestudie vir mede studente in hierdie veld.
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Pintér, Judit Klementina. "A need analysis and the selection of a distribution channel for an imported meat product In South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11832.

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Owing to the increase in urbanisation and disposable income, South Africa offers the food industry enormous growth opportunities. According to Louw, Jordaan, Ndanga and Kirsten (2008: 287), supermarkets have become vital role players in South African food consumption. Within this market, it is especially important to note that “preferences for high quality… foods are emerging” (Louw et al, 2008:288). This highlights the need to introduce superior quality foods to the South African food market. This study took this need one step further by asking the question, “is there a need for a high-quality foreign product in the South African market?” The primary objective of this study was to conduct a needs analysis to determine whether there is a need to introduce a selected foreign product into the South African market. The high-quality product chosen for this research is a meat product called PICK salami. In addition, the distribution channel that would be the most appropriate for the possible introduction of the product to the market was also identified in the study. To accomplish this, a relevant literature study was performed. To realise the research objective, a triangulated research approach was selected and a multiple-case study conducted. The units of analysis chosen for this study were the four major South African supermarket chains: SPAR Group Limited, Shoprite Checkers, Woolworths (Pty) limited and Pick ’n Pay Retailers (Pty) Limited. The data from this study was then analysed to determine meaningful results. From the research, it was concluded that there is a need for a high-quality meat product such as PICK Salami in South Africa and that SPAR Group Limited is the most viable distribution channel to use. Both South Africa and Hungary can benefit from such a business venture as gaps in the market can be filled and both countries can profit, despite the current global economic downturn.
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Lisiecki, Georg. "Constraints on intra-industry trade between market and planned economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670297.

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Bell, James David. "The role of government in small-firm internationalisation : a comparative study of export promotion in Finland, Ireland and Norway, with specific reference to the computer software industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21282.

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This thesis involves a comparative study of export promotion systems in Finland, Ireland and Norway. Empirical research was conducted among small firms in the computer software sector. The export behaviour and internationalisation process of these firms are explored. Thereafter, the focus of enquiry is on firms' export problems and on awareness and usage of - and satisfaction with - services provided by the national export promotion organisations (EPO's). The main findings are that: - Firms' size and age are not impediments to export initiation. - Decision-makers' characteristics and attitudes are critical to firms' export development. However - apart from greater prior overseas experience - these are essentially entrepreneurial. - Domestic market environment and industry/sector factors influence export initiation, as do commercial opportunities at home and abroad. However, EPO stimulation measures do not appear to play a significant part in encouraging firms to start exporting . - Most problems facing small software exporters are finance-related, they also perceive their market intelligence activities to be weak. - Awareness of EPO services are high. Usage and satisfaction levels are also high for programmes which provide financial support for export development activities, but are only moderate for services which provide information. The latter are considered to be too general to be useful. - Export development and training programmes are not utilised as widely as they could be. The inherent human resource limitations of small firms are a major contributory factor. Based on these results, the main recommendations are that EPO's should: - Focus on pre-export development which will internationalise firms before they begin exporting. - Offer training which specifically addresses finance-related and market intelligence gathering limitations. - Prioritise support programmes, if necessary, at the expense of information services. - Link export development/training programmes with the opportunity to acquire additional human resources.
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Chan, Chi-chuen Nicholas, and 陳志傳. "International competitiveness of plastic plant/flower industry in Hongkong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263690.

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Fithen, David Caspar. "Diamonds and war in Sierra Leone : cultural strategies for commercial adaptation to endemic low-intensity conflict." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.300097.

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