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Journal articles on the topic 'Ministry of International Trade and Industry'
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1
Watanabe, T. "Ministry of International Trade and Industry Consumer Goods Industries Bureau Textile Products Division." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 47, no. 2 (1994): P100—P107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.47.p100.
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Tunkel, Jay, Philip H. Howard, Robert S. Boethling, William Stiteler, and Helene Loonen. "Predicting ready biodegradability in the Japanese ministry of international trade and industry test." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (October 2000): 2478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191013.
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Corning, G. "Testing techno-globalism in ministry of international trade and industry R&D consortia." Social Science Japan Journal 2, no. 2 (October 1, 1999): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/2.2.229.
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Abdullah, Apnizan. "The Halal Regulatory Framework in Malaysia Should be Consolidated: A Proposal." ICR Journal 7, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i3.255.
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The formation of Halal Development Corporation (HDC) in September 2006 was a strong indication of the Malaysian government’s aspiration towards actualising Malaysia as the regional and international hub for Halal industry. HDC is dedicated to becoming the central implementation agency for key Halal industry development initiatives. Its pertinent roles are to promote Halal industries, liaise with government agencies and authorities and to assist business entities and investors. Since Halal is a national agenda, in discharging its function HDC closely works with various agencies which include Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), State Religious Council/Department of States, Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-Operatives & Consumerism (MDTCC), Ministry of Trade And Industry (MITI), Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA), Department of Veterinary Services, Department of Standards and many more. A fuller picture of the Halal certification procedure in Malaysia, as I attempt to show below, is in order to place my proposal for its consolidation in its proper context.
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Tan, Jason. "Singapore’s “Global Schoolhouse” Aspirations." International Higher Education, no. 87 (September 1, 2016): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2016.87.9501.
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Singapore’s Trade and Industry Ministry announced an ambitious ‘global schoolhouse’ vision in 2002. This vision, which was clearly economically-driven in nature, involved Singapore capturing a share of the lucrative international education market by attracting 150,000 international full-fee paying students by the year 2015. Fourteen years down the road, it appears that the target is nowhere near attainment.
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HATA, Yukihiro. "Policy for promoting utilization of water for miscellaneous use by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 15, no. 4 (1986): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.15.294.
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Ashrafi, Sayed Ahmad Rashid, and Vishwanatha Kalaiah. "TREND, DIRECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF AFGHANISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Australian Finance & Banking Review 5, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1069.
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Afghanistan is at a strategic location which acts as an important corridor in Asia and connects powerful industrial economies such as India and China to Northern Asia and to Europe via dry and seaways and vice versa through the Lapis Lazuli Corridor, Chabahar port and other corridors. The study asses to perceive the performance and trend of Afghanistan’s export and import. Moreover, the study points out to the destinations of Afghanistan's exports by regions and origin of Afghanistan’s imports by regions. The paper descriptively concentrates on direction, trend, and performance of the Afghanistan trade. The data is retrieved from numerous secondary sources encompass National Statistic and Information Authority and Ministry of Trade and Industry of Afghanistan. The period selected is from 2002 to 2018. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data and descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the trend and direction of the Afghanistan trade. The study shows that there is an ascending direction of Afghanistan's export to Emerging and Developing Asian Economies majorly includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, while it indicates a descending export direction to Advanced Economies, Commonwealth Independent States, Middle East, and European Nations. Furthermore, Afghanistan's import shared with the regions is in an unstable form.
JEL Classification Codes: F1, F10, F19.
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Sikora, Mirosław. "Informational Support of Civilian Intelligence for Heavy Industry (Including Machine Industry) and the Energy Sector in the Polish People’s Republic in the Years 1970–1990." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 36, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2018-0009.
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Summary Throughout the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), its scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) supported Polish mining, energy, metallurgy, and machine industries. Cooperation with companies and research and development centers intensified in the first half of the 1970s, as a natural consequence of the experience accumulated by the intelligence service in the previous fifteen years. The most crucial issues related to the improvement of secret methods of acquiring technologies for the Polish economy were defining the scope of the tasks, i.e. the types of technologies which can be acquired by intelligence or purchased in the black market, selecting objects, (i.e. institutions and organizations with the required knowledge), and recruiting personal sources of information in western facilities. Apart from acquiring specific solutions S&TI also developed analyses related to specific countries, as well as to specific technologies in the global aspect or to international corporations that possessed the technologies. Furthermore, S&TI was engaged by the Polish government to provide information to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade during trade negotiations with foreign contractors. Author draws the history of Polish S&TI during the 70s and 80s, showcasing its operations, explaining its modus operandi and discussing the question about the efficiency of illicit transfer of know-how from OECD for the purposes technical progress in communist Poland. Article bases on recently declassified documents of Polish intelligence service from the pre-1990 period. There are moreover other archival records as well as secondary sources explored.
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Christiani, Agustina, Helena Juliana Kristina, and Priskila Christine Rahayu. "Pengukuran Kinerja Lingkungan Industri di Indonesia berdasarkan Standar Industri Hijau." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v6i1.2426.39-48.
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<p><em>National industries need to anticipate the numerous environmental issues in international trade, in order to compete with other countries. Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia has responded that issue by putting green industry as an important part of Master Plan of National Industry Development 2015 – 2035. To encourage industry in implementing green industry principle, since 2010 Ministry of Indsutry has conducted Green Industry Award. Although each year, there is an increasing number of award receivers, but comparing with the total numbers of industries in Indonesia, the percentage of award receivers is so small. Therefore, this research is conducted to measure the </em><em>environmental performance</em><em> of several industries in Indonesia in order to know whether industries are ready to implement green industry standard. Data were collected in 6 manufacturing industries, based on the green industry self-assessment form released by ministry of industry. From the sixth industries which were evaluated, there are two industries that show low commitment to the environment because their scores are below 50. There is one industry categorized as green industry level 1 (score=56.5). Meanwhile there are two industries categorized as level 3 (score= 77.1 and 79.8) and one industry reached level 4 (score 82.1).</em></p><p><em>Keywords: green industry,environment performance, self-assesment</em></p>
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Memon, Mohammad Salih, Abdul Sattar Shah, Mushtaque Ali Jariko, Mr Sarmad Rahat, and Faiz Muhammad Shaikh. "Mapping Issues of Textile Industry of Pakistan with Trade Policy Framework." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 6 (August 30, 2015): 2241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i6.2116.
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The current research investigates Mapping Issues of Textile Industry of Pakistan with Trade Policy Framework. Data were collected from Primary as well as secondary sources It is a statistical research technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It separates the few major problems from the many possible problems. It is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a 19th-century Italian economist. It can summarize all types of data. It can be applied to almost anything. It was revealed that four issues may be solved by the Government through trade policy of Pakistan as shown in figure 7-12 below. First and issue that in the international Markets Preferential Treatment is provided to the competitors and the second issue about Imposition of Anti-dumping duties on Pakistan’s exports may be solved by Rationalizing Tariff Protection Policy (TPP) High tariff protection maintained over a period of time tends to erode competitiveness and affects consumer welfare. Therefore to protect Industry from High Tariffs, Ministry of Commerce will adopt some guiding principles to create a competitive environment that caters for dual aspects of providing level playing field for Pakistani firms in international markets; By Signing Favorable international agreements, Promote competitive markets in Pakistan, Ensure conformity to international agreements and practices, Promote domestic and foreign investment, Create level playing field for Pakistani firms in international as well as domestic markets, Due consideration to consumer welfare, Cater to the changing needs of Pakistan’s economy and create an enabling environment to pursue the legitimate goal of Industrialization in Pakistan. Due to the prompt implementation of the above policy measure by Government on 12th December 2013 European Union granted GSP-Plus status to Pakistan, It gives exporters duty-free access to 27 European countries. GSP (Generalized system of Preference) is exemption of WTO member countries from tariffs by considering as a least developed nation and granted till 2017. It is a chance to export more than US$1 billion worth of products and earn profits of more than Rs1 trillion per year.
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Akio, Kitsunezaki. "Nuclear Fusion Research Supported by the Science and Technology Agency and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry." Fusion Technology 17, no. 2 (March 1990): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst90-a39882.
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Ma, Hsien Chen. "Improving Fuel Cell Industry by Constructing Metrological Traceability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.334.
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Due to the reality of ninety five percent dependency of energy-importing, the diversification of kinds and sources of fuel like crude oil is making crucial and environmental issues in Taiwan. Efficient and zero emission fuel cell is a promising power source and expected to play a major role in the future energy supply. According to the fuel cell roadmap of the Bureau of Energy, Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the projected annual output will reach NTD 13,000 million in 2020, thus, a recognized specification and traceable metrology is necessary to maintain the product quality and trade equity once the market is emerged. In this paper, we review the current status of fuel cell development and standards in Taiwan and then propose a solid fuel cell metrology which can be traced to international standards.
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Logvinova, Inna V. "CANTONS' INTERNATIONAL LINKS IN SWITZERLAND. ISSUES OF LAW AND ADMINISTRATION." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 3 (2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2020-3-122-133.
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International activity of modern states has the multi-layered nature comprising regions and municipalities (local communities). Switzerland is a federal state where cantons have broad powers. Cantons’ international activity is a matter of academic interest. Firstly, they develop cooperation with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Secondly, they have much experience in international activity. Thirdly, that issue hasn’t been sufficiently researched in Russia. The subject of the study is an analysis of legal regulation and the mechanism of public administration in the field of the Swiss cantons’ international links. The formal legal, comparative and functional methods are used. The source base includes Swiss legislation, cantons’ constitutions and their international treaties. Special attention is paid to the practical aspect of the cantons’ participation in the international relations, particularly with the subjects of the Russian Federation. The resources of the data are the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the analysis is the determination of forms of cantons’ international activity, as well as the analysis of the institutional mechanism of public administration in that area. The findings can be used to improve the practice of the public administration and the coordination of the international and foreign economic links of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
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Paula, Maristela F. de, Humberto Angelo, Alexandre N. de Almeida, Eder P. Miguel, Pedro G. A. Vasconcelos, Ari Schwans, Marcio A. Facini, Ademir J. F. Ribas, and Raquel S. Pompermeyer. "The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of Brazilian Natural Honey." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p76.
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Natural honey is considered a valuable forestry product not only for biodiversity but also to its conservation functions. Besides, it is an important exported commodity. In this study, the performance of Brazilian natural honey exported products were evaluated with specific focus on determination of their competitiveness in the international market. This article aimed to calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) of Brazilian natural honey, from 2000 to 2015. The sources consulted are SEBRAE, IBGE, Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade and the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN COMTRADE). The methodological procedure used was Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage Index in order to estimate the competitiveness measure. The results demonstrated that Brazil was competitive in natural honey exported products during the period from 2002 to 2015. Considering the outcomes, based on the indexes it is possible to affirm that Brazilian natural honey is competitive and the country displays enough positive characteristics and productive capacity to amplify its participation in new international commercial markets.
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Makarov, A. I., E. A. Rubinchik, and M. A. Kladkin. "Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-4-5-22.
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Successful development of mutual trade and economic ties between Russia and the Netherlands has been lasting for centuries. In ancient times, when both states were actively developing, vessels loaded with various goods were already cruising between their shores; while national leaders were building bilateral trade policy. The development of cooperation reached its peak during the time of Peter the Great, when the Russian Empire carried out industrialization by entering into a full-scale international industrial cooperation with its historical partner. Participation of the Russian state in the development of trade and economic relations with the Netherlands took different shapes depending on the current needs and capabilities of the country. However, specially authorized envoys who carried out their functions on the territory of the Netherlands played exclusively important role in it, whether they were representatives of the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Tsarist Russia in Rotterdam or the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade in the pre-war years. October 1945, when the Trade Representation opened its doors in Amsterdam, marked the new chapter in the history of trade relations between two countries. Historical review of the activities conducted by the Trade Mission in one of the world's TOP economically developed countries of the world over the 75-year period is demanded for providing advice in respect to setting up of strategic plans for the development of foreign trade in terms of exports, deepening international industrial cooperation and faster adaptation to the requirements by foreign markets.
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Tilton, Mark. "Informal market governance in Japan's basic materials industries." International Organization 48, no. 4 (1994): 663–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028344.
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Too much emphasis has been placed on formal state policies and on ties between individual firms to explain Japanese economic behavior and impediments to imports in Japanese markets. We need to look instead at informal governance by trade associations. In so doing, the concept of relational contracting should be applied not just to dyadic relationships between individual firms but also to relationships between entire industries. Whole industries engage in relational contracting to ensure the stability of both prices and supplies. These industry agreements stabilize Japanese markets but at the same time keep imports out of them. This informal governance complements state policies to support uncompetitive industries. These agreements are more likely to occur and succeed between selling and buying industries that each are relatively concentrated, when upstream products are standardized, when upstream goods constitute a smaller share of downstream production costs, when these sectors have not experienced previous conflicts that undermine cooperation, and when the Ministry of International Trade and Industry wants a domestic supply of its products.
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P. Massami, Erick, Malima M. Manyas, and Benitha M. Myamba. "Grey theory based evaluation of importers’ strategies for hedging the price risk in the Tanzanian oil supply chain: a focus on derivative products." International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research 7, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijamr.v7i3.12196.
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The landed cost for oil products in local markets is very often affected by the fluctuation of price related to the international purchasing from oil markets. As a result, oil products are primarily procured via term contracts i.e. derivatives as wholesalers are typically loath to rely heavily on spot supplies as these may be unreliable and exhibit high price volatility. In this study, we apply Grey Theory to evaluate the derivatives based strategies of the Tanzanian oil products imports for hedging the price risk in the local market. After comprehensive evaluation, we find that the applicability of oil derivatives by the Tanzanian importers is high. Thus, the government (i.e. Ministry of Finance and Planning, Ministry of Trade and Industry) and other stakeholders have the obligation to continue bringing awareness on the benefits of the derivative instruments in the purchasing of oil products, which ultimately upon application would bring a relief to all consumers of the oil products in the country. Moreover, as the grey theory can deal with vague and incomplete data, the proposed model can be applied as an evaluation tool for quantifying qualitative data in any industry.
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Wibowo, Agung, and Lukas Giessen. "From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies." Forest and Society 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v2i1.3164.
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Forest certification has been introduced by non-state actors as a voluntary and market-based instrument addressing forest problems, which state policies failed to resolve. Lately, however, state-driven forest-related certification schemes can be observed, e.g. in Indonesia, through the EU FLEGT-VPA negotiation process. It is argued, specific state agencies in a struggle for power and authority develop mandatory certification schemes which are directly competing with private ones. Before this background, the aims of this study are: (i) describing the current trend from voluntary private to mandatory state certification schemes in Indonesia, (ii) mapping the main actors involved in certification politics, and (iii) explaining this trend with the interests of the main actors. The results confirm a trend from voluntary private to mandatory state-driven certification of forest management. The Ministry of Forestry, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Industry, wood producer and processing associations, European Union, local funding organizations, environmental organizations, certification bodies and international buyers are detected as the main coalitions and actors in the certification politics. The stronger coalition develops a mandatorily-timber legality verification system as strategies to counter their voluntary private competitor schemes.
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S. H., Hengky. "Image Analysis: Textile Industry in Indonesia." World Journal of Business and Management 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v1i1.7883.
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<p>In 2014, the Indonesian textile industry exports 36% of their woven fabric's amount USD 4.1 to the United States, 16% to the European Union and Japan, and 5% to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This research was conducted from August 2014 to April 2015 in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to 350 respondents, by using a stratified sampling, purposively, and triangulation techniques. The questionnaires were distributed to an international and national distributors, textile company staffs, textile agency, textile shopkeepers, tailor, staff of the garment, and the staffs of the Trade Minister of Indonesian. The image analysis shows that the woven fabrics of Indonesia are competitive. In terms of an image analysis, this study found three gaps of the image’s expectation and performance. It is indicated that the plan of the Trade Minister of Indonesia would be done, as long as the plan is followed by increasing the production and finishing capacity of the textile industry, which were imported from several countries, such as Germany, Italy, and ASEAN country. They need the new technology of textile machine on getting a better quality and increasing the production capacity of the woven fabrics.</p>
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Suzana Ariffin, Aini, Marlia Puteh, and Mah Gul Bizanjo. "Aligning Core Competencies with Malaysia’s Industry 4.0 Policy Aspirations." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 612 (December 30, 2020): 1001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.612.1001.1012.
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Today, the great economists and industrialists assume that the world is on the brink of another industrial revolution, referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The digital transformation is more profound in the manufacturing sector, hence the reference to Industries 4.0 or Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is taken seriously at the national and organizational levels as well as at the global arena. Recognizing the urgency in aligning the Malaysian agenda with digital transformation, the Malaysian government has launched the National Industry 4WRD Strategy in 2019. This macro strategy aims to defend the national economy from a disruption in the aftermath of Industry 4.0. The Malaysian Technology Development Corporation, an agency under the Ministry of International Trade & Industry, has aligned several national policies relating to Industry 4WRD. This way, the organization will better promote local technopreneurs’ growth and sustainability according to Industry 4.0 standards. This paper’s objectives are twofold: 1) to gauge the outlook of management towards Industry 4.0 through interviews and; 2) to evaluate the core management competencies in the Industry 4.0 domain. A qualitative approach is utilized in analyzing the interviews with senior and middle-level managers. The paper highlights the importance of specific management skills in setting the agenda for skills growth to reposition Industry 4.0.
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Ptashchenko, O. V., and V. A. Vovk. "Features of Ukraine’s Trade Cooperation in the Current Conditions of Globalization." Business Inform 4, no. 519 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-4-42-47.
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The article considers the main features of the high-tech sphere and the possibility of trade cooperation therein. Technological progress has completely changed the structure of the modern world economy. Thanks to the technologies, novel activities have been developed, many of which are efficient and highly profitable. A classic example of the impact of the introduction of high technologies in everyday life is the emergence and use of new information technology. Due to the widespread use of new communication technology, the transmission cost of voice, data, text, images, as well as international fees for the transmission of information have sharply decreased. Fast data transfer (e.g. e-mail, via the Internet) and teleconferences have provided economy with modern communication and the ability to do business around the world, allowing to significantly increase the speed of operations and thus receive increased profits. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, trade cooperation in the high-tech sphere can be divided into several directions: IT industry, defense industry, energy complex, aerospace industry. Thus, about 85% of energy and oil and gas equipment is exported during a year. The main export destinations are Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and the UAE. Therefore, energy, oil and gas companies are less susceptible to the crisis in the economy over the past few years. This is due to the fact that the work of enterprises in these sectors is mainly based on long-term contracts, most of which serve projects for the construction of gas pipelines, oil pipelines and the reconstruction of power plants. Such projects continue to be financed by Central Asian countries. Despite some significant successes in such industries as aerospace, energy equipment production, heavy and transport engineering, and some others, the state of the industry in general does not meet the modern requirements of both the domestic and the world economy. First of all, Ukraine lacks a number of high-tech industries that determine export positions. The quality and technological solutions of electronic products, household appliances, agricultural and road-building machines, as well as a number of other goods are significantly inferior to foreign counter-parts. Technological exchange or trade cooperation in the high-tech sphere in a broad sense can be understood almost the entire range of international economic relations, including the purchase and sale of patents and licenses, trade in goods and services.
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Kimura, Shoji. "Japan's Aqua Renaissance '90 Project." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0611.
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Aqua Renaissance' 90 is a six year R & D project for water reuse and energy recovery supported by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The objective is to develop low cost treatment processes utilizing bioreactors coupled with membrane separation units to produce reusable water from industrial waste water and sewage. Polymeric and ceramic membranes in capillary, hollow fiber, tubular and plate and frame modules have been tested in conjunction with bioreactors on a number of actual waste water and sewage streams. This paper will focus on membrane performance and power consumption. Recent results from test plant operation indicate that treatment of concentrated waste water by membrane separation units uses less than a third of the conventional power requirement.
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Morita, Ichiro, Akio Sasagawa, Kenji Oka, and Garrey Maxwell. "MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (MEGIS) DEVELOPMENT FOR JAPAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-485.
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ABSTRACT A response management system for accidents, such as oil well blowouts and oil spills at sea, is being developed by the Safety and Environment Center for Petroleum Development (SEC) under the supervision of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) of Japan. The 5-year program, which is designed to minimize environmental damage in the event of an oil spill, commenced in 1992. The system, known as the Marine Environmental Geographic Information System (MEGIS), consists of five subsystems: (1) detection and monitoring, (2) oil and pollution spill trajectory prediction by computer simulation, (3) contingency planning for response and cleanup operations, (4) a communication and information network of all responsible agencies and participants, and (5) a geographic information system.
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Coelho, Maritzel Rios Fuentes, and Marcio Henrique Coelho. "PANORAMA DA INDÚSTRIA DE CELULOSE E PAPEL NO BRASIL: 2001 a 2011." FLORESTA 43, no. 3 (September 13, 2013): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v43i3.28280.
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Este artigo visa estabelecer um panorama da indústria de celulose e papel sediada no Brasil, evidenciando o desempenho de algumas variáveis importantes para análise do setor, tais como a capacidade de produção, os tipos de produtos, as magnitudes das exportações e das importações e o destino das exportações, o nível e a capacidade de utilização e o preço médio das exportações no período de 2001 a 2011. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC, 2012), da Associação Brasileira de Celulose e Papel (BRACELPA, 2011) e da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO, 2011). No geral, os resultados revelam que a indústria de celulose vem ganhando espaço no âmbito do comércio internacional, diante de uma nova redistribuição espacial da produção, em função do obsoletismo das indústrias europeias, norte-americanas e canadenses e da inserção da celulose de fibra curta nos diferentes estágios de produção. No caso da indústria de papel, os indicadores apontam um cenário não tão promissor, diante do acirramento da concorrência internacional, embora o mercado interno possa vir a se constituir num grande impulso para a indústria local. AbstractOverview of the pulp and paper industry in Brazil: 2001/2011. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry, from 2001 to 2011, towards the main variables for the sector analysis, such as production capacity, sort of products, magnitude of exports, imports, destination of exports, level and capacity of utilization, and the average price of exports. In order to that, it used primary data from Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC, 2012), Brazilian Association of Pulp and Paper (BRACELPA, 2011) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011). In general, results indicate that cellulose industry has gained importance in international trade, before a new spatial redistribution of production, according to the obsolescence of European, North American and Canadian industries, and the insertion of hardwood pulp in different stages of production. In relation to the paper industry, the results suggest a scenario not as promising as for the pulp one, even though domestic market may constitute a major boost to the industry.Keywords: Forests; forest economics; exports; international trade.
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Waspiah, Waspiah, Rodiyah Rodiyah, Dian Latifiani, and Ridwan Arifin. "How Economic Rights for SMEs Protected? Analysis of National and International Property Rights Law." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v2i1.35285.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia are growing rapidly and continuing to grow. These developments had a significant impact on economic growth for various sectors in Indonesia. However, the dynamics of the development of SMEs are still overshadowed by the unclear protection of rights relating to intellectual property, including economic rights for SMEs. In fact, this right becomes an important part that is regulated both in national and international legal rules. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the implementation of the protection of economic rights for SMEs in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research method uses interview techniques and direct observation in several SMEs in Central Java. This study found that the protection of economic rights for SMEs had not been maximally carried out, even the number of SMEs did not yet obtain guaranteed recognition of the brand rights and copyrights of their products. This study concludes that in applying protection to economic rights for SMEs, collaboration between sectors and ministries is needed, not only the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, but also Industry, Trade and Economy.
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Daza, Carolina, and Manami Suzuki. "A Review of the Reading Section of the TOEIC." TESL Canada Journal 22, no. 1 (October 1, 2004): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v22i1.163.
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In 1979, the Educational Testing Service (ETS) developed the TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), an English proficiency test for people working in international environments, based on a request from the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The Chauncey Group International, a subsidiary of ETS, currently develops and publishes the test. Over two million people per year take the TOEIC (www.toeic.com). According to the TOEIC Report on Test-Takers Worldwide, 1997-98, 63% of the TOEIC results were used in Japan, 29% in Korea, and 8% in other countries. Most reviews of the TOEIC have been descriptions of the test (Gilfert, 1996; Perkins, 1987). The TOEIC comprises the listening and reading section. Buck (2001) reviews only the listening section. For the reading section of the TOEIC we could find only one critical review (Richards, 1992) published over the two decades since the test was developed. Therefore, our purpose in this article is to review critically the reading section based on recent studies of language assessment, particularly for construct validity and content validity, which are considered by language testing researchers (Backman, 1990; Cumming, 1996) as fundamental for validation of language tests.
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Watadza, Christopher, Mildred Mahapa, and Chakanaka Ernest Muchadenyika. "Effectiveness of Conciliation and Arbitration in the Ferro- Chrome Industry in Zimbabwe." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p331.
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The study sought to establish the effectiveness of Conciliation and Arbitration as dispute resolution mechanism with the case of Ferro –Alloy Industry in Zimbabwe. A case study of 2 major players in the industry were examined in a descriptive research design. Backing the research is the concept of legal pluralism which then defined conciliation and arbitration as alternative dispute resolution systems. Management and Trade Union representatives, general employees and Labour Officers participated through interviews. The research uncovered that the current legal framework was not providing a conducive and enabling regulatory environment to ensure an effective dispute resolution mechanism. The gaps in terms of time limits, the absence of explicit guidelines on conciliation, lack of finality to arbitral awards were identified as major drawbacks of the current legal structure. The State department, the Ministry of Labour, is the vehicle for an effective dispute resolution mechanism. The research identified that the department was inadequately resourced to enable speedy and prompt resolution of disputes. Due to the centrality and inevitability of disputes at workplace, the research recommended that government should amend the current legal framework to align it to International Labour Organisations provisions on conciliation and arbitration to ensure an effective resolution to disputes.
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Skliar, Nadiia, Vitaliy Begma, and Oksana Vrublevska. "New challenges for the defense industrial enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of the global pandemic." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 37 (March 5, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.37.01.4.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic has made significant corrections to international trade in many countries around the world. The article is devoted to topical issues of identifying new challenges that have arisen at entities of the defense industry of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparative analysis of forced changes in defense budgets of different countries and statistical analysis of industries that are connected by supply chains with enterprises of the defense industry of Ukraine, which suffer from the introduction of quarantine restrictive measures, proves restrictions on interstate trade, disruption of domestic and global supply chains and significant losses in the economy. This situation may have medium-term consequences for the country's defense budget, and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine will be forced to apply optimization plans for effective measures of such a scale as modern sequestration. India, Thailand, and South Korea are identified as the most risk-sensitive counterparties of Ukrainian defense exporters due to the reorientation of finances to the priority segment of medicine to eliminate the consequences of the pandemic. To minimize the risk of non-performance of contractual obligations, it is recommended to review the basic terms of supply of goods under the contracts with risk-sensitive counterparties and make adjustments to force majeure clauses in regard to epidemics, as well as possible revise the contract's payment terms.
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Sweet, Patrick, and Eva Nilsson. "Trade and Industry Minister Leif Pagrotsky on the flexible strength of the Swedish Model." Academy of Management Perspectives 17, no. 1 (February 2003): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ame.2003.9474808.
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DEMİRBAŞ, NEVİN, and CEM KARAGÖZLÜ. "Constraints in Meeting Food Safety and Quality Requirements in the Turkish Dairy Industry: A Case Study of İzmir Province." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.440.
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Recent global developments concerning food quality and food safety have influenced and stimulated food legislation in Turkey in accordance with internal and international trade and agreements. In this study, the way in which the dairy industry conforms to this legislation was analyzed through a case study of İzmir province, which generally has all the structural characteristics of the dairy sector in Turkey. A survey in which dairy plant managers responded to a special questionnaire was used to collect data from 86 dairy plants chosen on the basis of proportional sampling. According to the results of this study, (i) there are many dairy processors in the region, (ii) most managers have a limited education concerning their positions, (iii) most firms handle small volumes of milk and have little control over the raw milk supply, (iv) resources are too limited in these firms, limiting their ability to adopt most regulations, and (v) few processors apply the regulatory practices imposed by governmental agencies. Thus, food legislation is not enough to ensure food safety in the dairy industry in Turkey. Technical and educational support should be given to farmers and the staff of dairy firms by the Ministry of Agriculture to form an appropriate food safety infrastructure in Turkey for the milk and processed dairy products industry.
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Baynov, V. A. "Foreign Experience of Import Substitution Policy." World of new economy 12, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-2-122-128.
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In the current international environment — with fashion on international sanctions, in particular, limiting the possibilities of purchasing high-tech equipment from abroad and dependency of the exchange rate of the ruble against various political provocations — the Russian Federation has faced with the necessity of re-industrialization of the ‘raw’ model of the economy and stimulation of the development of its inner potential. It should be noted that, in accordance with the Plan for promoting import substitution in industry No. 1936-r of 30 September 2014, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of industry and trade of the Russian Federation has developed and is implementing 22 sectoral plans for import substitution in selected industries of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is particularly important to study international experience in the field of import substitution policy. The validity and reliability of presented study are achieved by applying a systematic approach and scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, as well as regulatory, empirical method, etc. As a result of the analysis of international experience, it was possible to identify measures that can improve the efficiency of the state policy of import substitution, including through the use of offset mechanisms in civilian industries and the development of the institution of public procurement, certification, and standardization. In conclusion, the author proposes measures that can improve the policy of import substitution. The practical significance of the article consists in the possibility of applying the results of the study in the elaboration of industrial development programs and further research.
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Kashirina, A. B., Zh I. Aladysheva, N. V. Pyatigorskaya, V. V. Belyaev, and V. V. Beregovykh. "ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE OF DRUG QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-362-376.
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The aim of the research was to study the current industrial practice of drug quality risk management in Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, including the assessment of the main problems during the implementation of the risk management system and its compliance with the accepted international approaches.Materials and methods. In the period from 6 April to 10 May 2020, an online survey of the leading employees in the field of quality assurance of Russian manufacturers was conducted. In the survey, the questionnaire was based on the results of the authors’ analysis of the national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the European Union countries, international guidelines of the EAEU, ICH and WHO in this area. 111 people took part in the survey, the return of questionnaires was 11.5%.Results. The data obtained indicate the prevalence of a superficial approach to quality risk management in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, the presence of objective and subjective reasons that hinder the effective implementation of these methods, the fragmentation of the systems used and, in most cases, their ineffective use. The respondents believe that the most significant reasons for the difficulties in implementing this methodology, are the lack of recommendations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia on creating an effective quality risk management system and a shortage of the specialists who are ready to work in the area of this industry. The survey revealed rather large gaps in the deployment of a risk management system at the enterprise and separation from the established international practice.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the extreme urgency of developing recommendations for a quality risk management system, which should be based upon and supported by Russian regulatory legal acts and international experience in this area. The authors propose highlights for these recommendations.
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Herrero, Álvaro, Alfredo Jiménez, and Roberto Alcalde. "Advanced feature selection to study the internationalization strategy of enterprises." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (March 25, 2021): e403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.403.
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Firms face an increasingly complex economic and financial environment in which the access to international networks and markets is crucial. To be successful, companies need to understand the role of internationalization determinants such as bilateral psychic distance, experience, etc. Cutting-edge feature selection methods are applied in the present paper and compared to previous results to gain deep knowledge about strategies for Foreign Direct Investment. More precisely, evolutionary feature selection, addressed from the wrapper approach, is applied with two different classifiers as the fitness function: Bagged Trees and Extreme Learning Machines. The proposed intelligent system is validated when applied to real-life data from Spanish Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). These data were extracted from databases belonging to the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism, and Trade. As a result, interesting conclusions are derived about the key features driving to the internationalization of the companies under study. This is the first time that such outcomes are obtained by an intelligent system on internationalization data.
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Binh, Ngo Xuan. "Vietnam’s Exports to the Chinese Market: Risks and Potential Mitigators." China Report 55, no. 3 (August 2019): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519853700.
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From the characteristics of the Chinese market and the current status of Vietnam’s exports to this market, this article tries to point out the risks that Vietnamese exporters have to identify in order to find ways to overcome those risks, thereby to help increase exports from Vietnam to the Chinese market which is a very important market of Vietnam. In this article, the author does not focus on the opportunities brought about by the Chinese market or the current status of Vietnamese exports of goods to this market. The aim of the article is mainly to identify the risks that come from the Chinese customers or Chinese trade policy, etc. The intention of the author is to evaluate the risks and current policy practices in order to bring about recommendations for policymakers to deal with the risk involved in current Vietnam–China trade. To achieve the above objectives, the article uses analytical, statistical and comparative methods. These are common methods in economic and business analysis. Research data are collected from primary and secondary sources, that is, the data collected from domestic and international authors, from the general department of statistics, general department of customs and Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam. The article argues that the Chinese market is very important for exports from Vietnam and contains many risks; and that it is imperative to identify these risks. It also considers what the government and enterprises of Vietnam have to do to overcome these risks.
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Sheikh Mokhtar, Siti Salwa, Anuar Shah Bali Mahomed, Yuhanis Abdul Aziz, and Suhaimi Ab. Rahman. "Industry 4.0: The Importance Factors of Innovation in Adopting Cloud Computing Among SMES in Malaysia." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(84).
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are commonly perceived as an essential part of boosting and stabilizing global economic growth. In 2018, SMEs recorded a 38.3% contribution to GDP of RM521.7 billion compared to RM491.2 billion in 2017. SMEs are expected to contribute 50% to Malaysia's GDP by 2030 relative to its present 38% contribution. However, in the context of Malaysia businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, are still not embracing the latest technology revolution sufficiently, as reported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (2018). Malaysia is currently in the third industrial revolution (automation), and some are still under the second industrial revolution. Such matter is worrying as only a few industries in Malaysia can adopt pillars of Industry 4.0, where business owners in Malaysia were still hesitant to embrace technologies such as the cloud. To bridge the gap in this analysis, this research adopted the technology acceptance model developed by Davis (1989) and Rogers' Diffusion Innovation Theory (1995), which incorporates the contexts of technology and innovation among SMEs in Malaysia. By using survey questionnaires, data was collected among manufacturing and services SMEs in Malaysia. Structural equation model employed to assess the important factors of innovation in adopting cloud computing among SMEs in Malaysia by using Smart-PLS. Keywords: Cloud computing, Industry 4.0, Innovation, Technological
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Hua Siong, Wong, and Nurli Yaacob. "LEGAL CHALLENGES FACED BY LOCAL MUSLIM ENTREPRENEURS IN FRANCHISE INDUSTRY." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 20 (September 15, 2020): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.520009.
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The Malaysian franchise industry continues to achieve healthy growth by contributing RM27 billion to the country’s gross domestic product (‘GDP’) in 2017 while the annual growth rate for 2018 is 9 percent. As of February 2019, 877 current domestic and international franchise brands are registered with the Malaysian authority. Before the enactment of the Franchise Act in 1998, franchising in Malaysia was generally governed by contractual principles. Since the enforcement of the Franchise Act 1998, Malaysia has been promoting the franchise industry extensively via government bodies, especially the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs. Malaysia does not have a specific framework for Syariah compliant business which is suitable to the local Muslim entrepreneurs, especially in the franchise industry. In fact, Malaysia has vast opportunities in expanding its franchise industry through the amendment of the relevant legal framework. The objective of this article is to look into the legal challenges faced by the local Muslim entrepreneurs in the franchise industry and suggest some proposals on how to make the franchise business and industry Syariah friendly as in some circumstances the franchisors and franchisees are Muslims. This is a qualitative study that involves a systematic study of philosophical and academic views through literature. Therefore, this study is not an empirical study but rather a library study from various primary data sources such as Quran, Hadis, franchising agreement, and secondary data sources namely articles and journals from an online database. The study found that challenges faced by local Muslim entrepreneurs in the franchise industry in Malaysia include the issues of the prohibition against the same business, financial concern, and monopoly by the franchisor. As such, it is suggested that the need for a unique legal framework for Islamic franchising business in Malaysia in order to protect the local Muslim entrepreneurs.
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Carneiro, Ana, and Teresa Mota. "The Geological Survey of Portugal (1857-1948): An Overview." Earth Sciences History 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.26.1.3726r76104115517.
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The Geological Survey of Portugal (GSP) was created in 1857 as part of the Directorate of Geodesic, Chorographic, Hydrographical Works of the Kingdom established at the Ministry of Public Works, Trade and Industry, within a general policy of control over territory. Until its creation, Portugal lacked any sort of tradition in geological research.Despite changes in name and various restructurings, the GSP was able to produce consistent geological research that was up to international standards, releasing two editions of a geological map of Portugal in the scale 1:500,000, the first in 1876 and the second in 1899. In 1918, the Survey was once again reorganised, becoming part of the new General Directorate of Mines and Geological Survey. Portugal was then enduring a troubled period: the young Republican regime established in 1910 faced financial and political difficulties, and there was much social unrest as a result of World War I. These events deeply affected Survey activities. It is clear that between 1918 and 1948 geology and mapping were not among the Portuguese State's priorities, thus leading to a decline of geological research and mapping.
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Itoh, T., and H. Kimura. "Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906684.
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A seven-year program, designated “Research and Development of Automotive CGT,” commenced in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the potential advantages of ceramic gas turbine engines for automotive use. This program has been conducted by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) with the support of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The engine demonstration project in this program is being handled by a team from Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. (JARI). This paper describes the activities of the first year of the seven-year program, and includes the project goals and objectives, the program schedule, and the first-stage design of an experimental automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT) engine and its components. The basic engine is a 100 kW, single-shaft gas turbine engine having a turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. The primary engine components including the turbine hot flow path components have been designed using monolithic ceramics and are scheduled to be produced during the second year of the program.
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Palit, Amitendu. "Will India's Disengaging Trade Policy Restrict It from Playing a Greater Global Role?" World Trade Review 20, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000518.
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AbstractIndia's ambition of playing a prominent role in regional and global affairs has been particularly visible since the assumption of office by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2014. The ambition has resulted in India's external engagement, abandoning the posturing of non-alignment for a more proactive multi-alignment strategy. Its efforts to engage with major powers such as the US and China, as well as other global middle powers such as Japan, the UK, and Australia, have been positioned on rapid economic progress, enabled by one of the fastest rates of growth among major economies. Attempts to expand global strategic influence, a natural outcome of robust economic expansion, should have seen India pursuing an aggressive outward-oriented external trade policy for increasing its share in global trade. India, though, has shown a marked resistance to open trade, including being reluctant to engage in regional and bilateral trade negotiations. This paper examines the dichotomy between India's desire to play a prominent global role and its aversion to open trade policies. Attributing the inward-looking approach to lack of competitiveness of Indian industry, absence of domestic pro-trade constituencies, and discomfort in negotiating new-generation trade issues, the paper argues India's quest for greater global strategic influence might be adversely affected by its restrictive trade policies.
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Zainal Abidin, Shahriman, Shahril Anuar Bahari, Azmi Ibrahim, Aruan Efendy Mohd Ghazali, Mohammad Azroll Ahmad, Mohd Shaleh Mujir, María Victoria Bueno Delgado, et al. "Analysing the Malaysian Higher Education Training Offer for Furniture Design and Woodworking Industry 4.0 as an Input Towards Joint Curriculum Validation Protocol." Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education 36, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/apjee2021.36.1.1.
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An education programme at the master’s level normally aims to facilitate graduates’ acquisition, mastery and application of advanced knowledge in specialised areas of education. However, there is no learning pathway that aims to improve the level of specific and transversal competencies and skills, with particular regard to those relevant for the labour market in the furniture sector, such as management, entrepreneurship, language competences and leadership toward wood and furniture industry 4.0. The methodology for this research inquiry was based upon a survey questionnaire of 54 respondents during the MAKING4.0 Seminar at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The results were analysed from the Work Package 1 (WP1) “Analysis and comparison of the current Higher Education training offer and furniture and woodworking industry”, before the learning outcomes were defined for each of the identified topics. The definition of learning outcomes was made considering the Recommendations of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), and subsequently harmonised with the Programme Learning Outcomes defined in the Malaysian Qualification Framework 2nd edition (MQF2.0) for a Master´s Degree Level 7. The identified learning outcomes have been grouped into four modules: (1) Processes and Production of Furniture, (2) Intelligent and Sustainable Design, (3) Wood and New Materials, and (4) Innovation Management. Results of the study indicated that MAKING4.0 is in line with the actions highlighted in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015–2025) and the objectives of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in developing the National Industry 4.0 policy framework. MAKING4.0 aims to ensure an adequate supply of human capital and skills, as well as develop an innovative master’s degree to modernise the current training offer in wood and furniture technology processes and design around Industry 4.0 in Malaysia.
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Miyazoe, Nobutaka, and Yoshihiro Hashizume. "MAJOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE PROGRAM OF THE PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-751.
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ABSTRACT The Petroleum Association of Japan (PAJ) has been implementing a major oil spill response program since 1991, supported and subsidized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), from the viewpoint of contributing to a secure, stable oil supply for Japan. PAJ's program consists of the stockpiling and lending of oil spill response equipment, and research and development related to oil spills and response techniques. In the event of major oil spill incidents, PAJ will lend the equipment stockpiled at the base, free of charge, to government agencies or parties concerned upon their request, in order to minimize damages. Those parties who borrow the equipment bear the expense of transportation, deployment, cleanup, and repair. PAJ's purpose is to support initial response operations by supplying additional equipment. To stockpile and to release it, PAJ so far has four domestic and three overseas bases, with domestic bases in Chiba, Mizushima, Yokkaichi, and Niigata, and overseas bases in Julong East, Singapore; Port-Klang, Malaysia; and Al-Khafji, Saudi Arabia. The equipment installed includes oil skimmers (36 units), foamed flotation booms (16,000 m), inflatable booms (7,000 m) and portable tanks (56 units).
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Galloway, Laura, Wendy Brown, and Pia Arenius. "Gender-Based Differences in Entrepreneurial Behaviour." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 2 (May 2002): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299105.
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In most countries the rate of female entrepreneurship is around half of that for males. In an era when the vast majority of the modern world has legislative and practical gender equality in terms of economic opportunity, a common question for studies of entrepreneurship is why female rates consistently lag behind those of males. Using results obtained in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2000, this paper addresses that question by analysing rates of entrepreneurship amongst males and females in two European countries of similar size: Finland and Scotland. Differences and similarities in types and characteristics of female entrepreneurs and female-owned businesses in the two countries are also investigated, as are culture, attitudes to entrepreneurship and public support systems (including education). This comparative study suggests that female entrepreneurship often comprises unique circumstances and characteristics, such as differences (from males) in motivations for startup and for business growth, and limited variation in industry sectors entered. The study also shows that female business owners tend to maintain traditional domestic roles alongside their professional ones. While further research is necessary, it is clear that if rates of female entrepreneurship are to increase, as is identified as a priority in both Finland and Scotland (Ministry of Trade and Industry, Finland, 2000; Scottish Enterprise, 2001), greater account should be taken of the different profile female entrepreneurs can have from males, as well as specific socio-cultural and institutionalized constraints to female enterprise.
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Ibata-Arens, Kathryn, and Hiromichi Obayashi. "Escaping the Japanese Pyramid: The Association of Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Entrepreneurs (SME Doyukai), 1947–1999." Enterprise & Society 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 128–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700003761.
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In Japanese society the pinnacle of economic and political power resides in Tokyo conglomerates and elite ministries: the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and the Ministry of Finance. Until now, the story of this power arrangement has been told from the perspective of national bureaucrats and big business executives. The image projected to the outside world has been of cooperative, trust-based relational contracting with big business at the top “taking care” of its suppliers and subsidiaries below. The story from the bottom, however, is one of technology expropriation (of patentable technology) and monopsony squeeze (unilateral cost-down demands, for example). Firms unwilling to toe the line have been wholly excluded from access to the benefits reserved for those at the top of the pyramid, where one finds lucrative main bank financing, government support, and copious technological information.This article offers a historical narrative of the political struggle by independent-minded entrepreneurs in postwar Japan. Central to the struggle has been the challenge of building broad-based coalitions to avoid becoming embedded in these hierarchies while at the same time trying to obtain alternative sources of finance and technological know-how. The most successful example of such efforts is the Association of Small and Medium Size Enterprise Entrepreneurs (SME Doyukai). The SME Doyukai has somehow managed to remain completely independent from the state, while most other small business associations have not. This independence has not been free, and the association has gone through a number of institutional dilemmas as a result. We analyze these dilemmas over time and offer comparative lessons.
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Zakharin, Sergey, Li Yining, and Yevgen Smirnov. "Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management." University Economic Bulletin, no. 40 (March 1, 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-40-85-96.
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Relevance of research topic. The potential of international cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the areas of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is underutilized. In particular, according to experts, the volume of reciprocal tourist visits, despite their positive dynamics, is rather insignificant. Consequently, the study of organizational and economic incentive mechanisms for the promotion of the Chinese People’s Republic and Ukraine in the field of tourism and resorts is of considerable scientific and applied interest. Formulation of the problem. Potential consumers of tourism services in both countries note poor awareness of tourism products and the possibility of traveling to the partner countries. Visa restrictions affect, is an objective factor constraining international tourism. Ukraine is not effectively using the potential of cooperation in the use of the experience of China in the development and modernization of tourism infrastructure. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation in various areas, including in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, are investigated by Ukrainian scientists A. Antonishnin, Goncharuk, V. Porovoznik, V. Perebiynis, E. Yaroshenko, as well as foreign scientists M. Kachmarsky, I. Li, L. Zuokui and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The problems of enhancing international cooperation between the PRC and Ukraine in the areas of tourism, resorts and hotel industry should be understood from the latest positions, taking into account the contemporary challenges of global development and the difficult political and economic situation in Ukraine. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose (key task) of this study is to develop conceptual proposals aimed at improving the existing and creating new mechanisms and levers for activating the development of tourism and resorts in the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. In carrying out the study, general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical groups, etc.) and special (abstraction, economic comparisons, statistical, etc.) methods and techniques of knowledge of economic phenomena and processes were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The main direction of the organization of international cooperation of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is the legal regulation of the relevant forms and tools of cooperation. Ukraine unilaterally made a decision on a substantial easing of visa restrictions for citizens of the PRC. During 2013-2017 (Excluding 2014) the number of Chinese citizens who entered Ukraine increased. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, not only the number of Chinese citizens who entered Ukraine, but also the volume of growth increased. The Memorandum of Understanding between the State Agency of Ukraine for Tourism and Resorts and the National Tourist Administration of the People’s Republic of China on promoting group trips of Chinese tourists to Ukraine has a positive impact not only on the organization of increasing prices, but also on other economic activities that are involved in the production of tourist services . In the Ukrainian market of tourist services, an increase in the number of tourist products, involving visits to the People's Republic of China, is observed. In the process of international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, attention should be paid to enhancing the development of mutual trips of citizens in the so-called “thematic segments”. We are talking about business tourism, educational tourism, shopping tourism and the like. A promising area of international cooperation between the PRC and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is monitoring and studying the experience of the other party in promoting tourism development, as well as implementing this experience in accordance with international law and national legislation. Several objective problems that hinder the full realization of the potential of international international cooperation of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry are highlighted. The field of application results. The results of the study can be used in intergovernmental and intergovernmental negotiations between representatives of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine on expanding cooperation in tourism, resorts and the hotel industry, as well as in shaping state policy to stimulate the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine (taking into account the best world experience). Conclusions according to the article: 1. It is advisable to create a mechanism for monitoring the international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry. 2. A managerial decision should be taken on the creation in the PRC of a Ukrainian trade and economic mission, one of whose tasks is to carry out non-commercial marketing of Ukrainian tourist facilities among Chinese audiences. 3. The authorities of Ukraine (first of all, the Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Economic Development) should study and propose specific pragmatic solutions aimed at joining the Ukrainian side to the One Belt - One Way project initiated by the PRC, including in terms of attracting the capabilities of Chinese partners ( first of all investments and technologies) for the creation of new and modernization of existing objects of tourism, resort and hotel infrastructure. 4. It is advisable to hold a Summit (conference) on cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, including with an exhibition of promising investment projects. 5. Further expansion of cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the scientific and educational fields will be useful. 6. The agenda of the work of the subcommittee on trade and economic cooperation of the Commission on Cooperation between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the PRC should include topical issues of international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry. 7. An important direction of enhancing mutual tourist flows is the elimination of visa restrictions. 8. One of the directions of the intensification of international cooperation between China and Ukraine is the development of thematic (special) types of tourism, primarily educational tourism.
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Ананишнев, Владислав, Vladislav Ananishnev, Валерия Корепова, Valeriya Korepova, Синь Ло, Xin Luo, Антон Дмитриев, and Anton Dmitriev. "About issue." Clusters. Research and Development 3, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a70e5826039f2.88097039.
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About issue
The issue is published on the basis of the materials of the third International Conference "Management of Territorial Clusters" - 2017 in FGBOU VO "Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky" 05/30/2017.
The event is held at the initiative of the Moscow State University of Technology and management of it. K.G. Razumovsky "with the participation of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Industry and Trade The Russian Federation, the Ministry of Energy of Russia, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East, representatives of other federal and regional government bodies and organizations.
The purpose of the scientific-practical conference is: discussion and development of proposals aimed at development of mechanisms of public-private partnership in territorial clusters, interaction between universities and clusters, command formation, participation of clusters in the federal agenda, incl. implementation of the priority measures to ensure sustainable development of the economy of the Russian Federation.
Within the framework of the Conference, various topics related to the development and overcoming of the current crisis phenomena during the development of territorial clusters and the implementation of strategic documents for their development were discussed.
The Conference will be attended by representatives of federal and regional authorities, communities, branch organizations, representatives of development institutions, innovative and territorial cluster.
Moderator of the conference: Vladislav Valerievich Tarasenko - Chairman of the Expert Council of Moscluster, Arbitrator of the Court of Arbitration of Mosclaister, Vice-Rector for Innovative Development and Entrepreneurship MSUTU them. K. G. Razumovsky.
Venue: FGBOU VO building "Moscow State University of Technologies and Control.
K.G. Razumovsky ", Moscow, st. The New Basmannaya 9.
Date: May 30, 2017. Registration starts at 9:00.
Registration for the event: https://moscluster.timepad.ru/event/493100/
Information partner, partner of the conference: Moscluster.
The site of the organizer: http://mgutm.ru/content/advertisement/11930/.
Activities in social networks:
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http://moscluster.livejournal.com/4153.html
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Eisenberg, Daniel A., Jeryang Park, and Thomas P. Seager. "Sociotechnical Network Analysis for Power Grid Resilience in South Korea." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3597010.
Full textAbstract:
International efforts to improve power grid resilience mostly focus on technological solutions to reduce the probability of losses by designing hardened, automated, redundant, and smart systems. However, how well a system recovers from failures depends on policies and protocols for human and organizational coordination that must be considered alongside technological analyses. In this work, we develop a sociotechnical network analysis that considers technological and human systems together to support improved blackout response. We construct corresponding infrastructure and social network models for the Korean power grid and analyze them with betweenness to identify critical infrastructures and emergency management organizations. Power grid network analysis reveals important power companies and emergency management headquarters for responding to infrastructure losses, where social network analysis reveals how information-sharing and decision-making authority shifts among these organizations. We find that separate analyses provide relevant yet incomplete recommendations for improving blackout management protocols. In contrast, combined results recommend explicit ways to improve response by connecting key owner, operator, and emergency management organizations with the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy. Findings demonstrate that both technological and social analyses provide important information for power grid resilience, and their combination is necessary to avoid unintended consequences for future blackout events.
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Takehara, I., T. Tatsumi, and Y. Ichikawa. "Summary of CGT302 Ceramic Gas Turbine Research and Development Program." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 3 (June 19, 2002): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1451704.
Full textAbstract:
The Japanese ceramic gas turbine (CGT) research and development program (FY1988-1998) as a part of the New Sunshine Project funded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) was completed in March 1999. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI) participated in this research program from the beginning and developed a twin-shaft CGT with a recuperator, designated as the “CGT302.” The purposes of this program were (1) to achieve both a high efficiency and low pollutant emissions level using ceramic components, (2) to prove a multifuel capability to be used in cogeneration systems, and (3) to demonstrate long-term operation. The targets of this program were (i) to achieve a thermal efficiency of over 42 percent at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C, (ii) to keep its emissions within the regulated value by the law, and (iii) to demonstrate continuous operation for more than a thousand hours at 1200°C TIT. The CGT302 has successfully attained its targets. In March 1999 the CGT302 recorded 42.1 percent thermal efficiency, and 31.7 ppm NOx emissions (O2=16 percent) at 1350°C TIT. At this time it had also accumulated over 2000 hours operation at 1200°C. In this paper, we summarize the development of the CGT302.
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Farhani, Meidiana, and Novita Putri Rudiany. "Keberhasilan UNDP melalui Program HPMP dalam Pembentukan Kebijakan Perlindungan Lapisan Ozon di Indonesia." Indonesian Perspective 5, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v5i2.33959.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes the role of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) through the Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP) Program which encourage Indonesia to implement regulations at the ministerial level that aim to undertake ozone layer protection and the phasing-out of the substances that deplete the ozone layer in Indonesia. This shows the role of international organization to shape national regulation in member states. In analyzing these problems, researchers used the framework of the international norm diffusion, specifically the conditions on economic assistance and the interaction with transnational actors, also the State Socialization. This study uses qualitative methods that emphasize non-numeric data and by conducting studies in previous studies. The conclusion of this research is that the UNDP through the HPMP Program has played a role in establishing national regulations related to Ozone Layer Protection and the phasing out of the substances that deplete the ozone layer which is regulated in Minister of Industry Regulation Number: 41/M-Ind/Per/5/2014 and Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number: 55/M-Dag/Per/ 9/2014.
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IŞIK, Mustafa, Yakup ÖZSEZER, and Fikriye IŞIK. "THE CURRENT GROWTH EFFECT OF HEALTH TOURISM MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY FOR THE EVALUATION ON CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.238.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism sector is one of the major driving forces to develop the Turkish economy which provides the positive contributions with new employment opportunities and the national income and payments. With aid of this developments in economy by tourism, it has also increased the interaction with alternative areas. Health Tourism is also one of the special areas in which provides to the country high added value and foreign currency exchange income. Since the revenue outcome by health tourism is reaching up to 100 billion dollars, the national policy of health tourism enable countries has been undertaken as a high interested point of investment needed area. The critical threshold of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4 to 5 percent as a current account balance and this deficient outcome in Turkey mostly takes on 5 to 4 percent which is a considered as a critical threshold. Health Tourism is expected to play a key role in bringing the values to the positive levels and therefore the focus is becoming on this area by health sector. Developing countries such as India, Singapore, and Thailand meet their foreign trade deficits with the income where they have obtained from this specific sector and the level of growth in this sector is at certain rate every year. The health Tourism is very crucial and significant sector for such a country Turkey, who has current budget deficit, and it is real economic sense. With Covid-19 crisis, the plans related with health tourism is re-evaluated by the coordination between Turkish Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Economy. Especially, with the infrastructure works carried for public and city hospitals has been capable of providing health tourism services within the organization which is called “USHAŞ (International Health Services)”. The health tourism sector offers significant opportunities for Turkey during Covid-19 pandemic effects on our current account deficit and the decline in economic recovery of our tourism industry and losses. With health tourism created opportunities is already in an increasing trend, to contribute to the country’s economy much faster by increasing target markets with public-private cooperation.
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Encarnation, Dennis J., and Mark Mason. "Neither MITI nor America: the political economy of capital liberalization in Japan." International Organization 44, no. 1 (1990): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000463x.
Full textAbstract:
Compared with Japan, no other industrialized country has so adamantly denied foreign investors direct access to its domestic markets. Japan continued to deny such market access until domestic constituencies finally championed foreign demands and successfully pressured a reluctant state for concessions. The initiative for these concessions came neither from Japan's principal government negotiators in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) nor from public policymakers in America. Rather, it came from American and other multinational corporations (MNCs) seeking to exploit imperfect markets for the technology and related assets which they alone controlled and which a few Japanese oligopolists demanded. These local oligopolists served as manipulative intermediaries between MNCs and the nationstate and in that position determined both the timing and the substance of their country's long march toward capital liberalization. Between the legislation of capital controls in 1950 and the de jure elimination of those controls in 1980, what began as an extension of limited concessions to individual MNCs, eventually aided by small regulatory loopholes, gradually encompassed all foreigners supplying broad product groups. During the intervening thirty years, the MNCs examined in this article— including Coca-Cola, IBM, Texas Instruments, and the “big three” U.S. automakers —finally gained limited access to the Japanese market. For them, the formal liberalizations of the late 1960s and early 1970s proved significant, but not always decisive, as Japanese oligopolists moved both to replace public regulations with private restrictions and to mesh their ongoing political influence domestically with their emerging economic power internationally. Thus, de facto liberalization proceeded slowly and unevenly, at least through 1980, and foreign direct investment in Japan continued to languish. What capital liberalization did occur had little to do with the pressures exerted on MITI and the Japanese state by the U.S. government and the international organizations that America then controlled. Rather, American diplomacy proved successful in forcing concessions from Japan only when it was backed up both by the economic power of American MNCs and by the active support of Japanese business.