Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minju'

The skin is an amazing elastic and relatively impermeable barrier that provides protective, perceptive and communication functions to the body. The stratum corneum is widely accepted as the barrier of the skin - limiting the transport of molecules into and across the skin. It is evident that the transdermal permeation of drugs depend on a number of factors of which the physicochemical properties play the most prevalent role. The potential of using intact skin as the site of administration for dermatological preparations to elicit pharmacological action in the skin tissue has been well recognised. Transdermal drug delivery offers several advantages over oral and parenteral dosing. They include avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism, maintaining constant blood levels for longer periods of time, improving bioavailabiliv, decreasing the administered dose, adverse effects and gastrointestinal side effects, easy discontinuation in case of toxic effects and improved patient compliance. Optimal transport through the skin requires a drug to possess lipophilic as well as hydrophilic properties. Research has indicated that the ideal log P value for optimal transdermal permeation is between 1 and 2. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, and as an anti-inflammatory analgesic agent it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Its use is limited to the relief of pain and inflammation, as it does not halt the progression of the pathological injury caused to the tissue. Acetylsalicylic acid is also used in the treatment of fever, prevention of thromboembolic disorders, reducing the incidence of colon cancer and it delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The most common adverse effect of acetylsalicylic acid occurring with therapeutic doses is gastro-intestinal disturbances. The primary aim of this study was to determine the transderrnal penetration of acetylsalicylic acid and some of its derivatives and to establish a correlation, if any, with selected physicochemical properties. The ten derivatives of acetylsalicylic acid were prepared by esterification of acetylsalicyloyl chloride with ten different alcohols. The structures of the products were confirmed by mass spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for methyl acetylsalicylate. Experimental aqueous solubility and partition coefficients were determined for acetylsalicylic acid and its different derivatives at a pH of 4,5. In vitro penetration was measured through excised female human abdominal skin in diffusion cells. The prediction software Interactive Analysis (IA) was used to predict aqueous solubility, while prediction software IA, &,Win and ACD Labs were used to predict the log P values for each derivative. None of the predicted values correlated with the experimental values. The experimental aqueous solubilily, partition coefficient and transdermal flux values were determined for acetylsalicylic acid and its derivatives. The experimental aqueous solubilily of acetylsalicylic acid (6,56 mg/ml) was higher than that of the synthesised acetylsalicylate derivatives (ranging from 1,76 x lo3 to 3,32 mg/ml), and the partition coefficient of acetylsalicylic acid (-0,85) was lower than that of its derivatives (ranging from -0,25 to 1,954. There was thus a direct correlation between the aqueous solubility data and the partition coefficients. The experimental transdermal flux of acetylsalicylic acid (4733 pg/cm2/h) was much higher than that of its derivatives (ranging from 0,03 to 28,32 pg/cm2/h). With the ethyl derivative (28,32 pg/cm2/h) and the methyl derivative (10,06 pg/cm2/h) being the only derivatives with appreciable flux. Pentyl acetylsalicylate (0,03 pg/cm2/h) had the lowest flux. The higher flux values of acetylsalicylic acid and its methyl and ethyl derivatives might be due to the fact that it is more hydrophilic and had better aqueous solubilily, thus permeating through the proteins of the skin. Pentyl acetylsalicylate had a log P value of 1,95, but had the lowest flux (0,03 pg/cm2/h), just proving once again that to cross the stratum corneum a drug should posses both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. Tert-butyl acetylsalicylate had a flux (7,30 &cm2/h) lower than that of methyl and ethyl acetylsalicylate, but a higher flux than the other synthesised derivatives which could be due to its log P value being slightly greater than 1 and having an average aqueous solubility. The low transdermal permeation may also be attributed to the fact that at the pH (45) chosen for transdermal studies, acetylsalicylate was only 9,09 % unionised. A higher degree of unionised species results in higher flux values. This study has confirmed that transdermal flux is dependent on several factors including optimum solubility, partitioning, diffusion and the degree of ionisation in the stratum corneum in addition to a suitable partition coefficient and high aqueous solubilily. The solution to the increased transdermal delivery of lipophilc drugs does not simply lie in producing a derivative with a higher aqueous solubilily and more ideal partition coefficient. Other means of increasing the transdermal permeation of lipophilic acetylsalicylic acid derivatives will have to be investigated in further studies.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharm.))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Submitted by Elaine Lucia (lucia.elaine@live.com) on 2015-06-30T19:59:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rildo Figueiredo Pinheiro.pdf: 14936859 bytes, checksum: 63f5104d9ab037918671f919af46ecdd (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-01T12:54:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rildo Figueiredo Pinheiro.pdf: 14936859 bytes, checksum: 63f5104d9ab037918671f919af46ecdd (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-01T13:39:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rildo Figueiredo Pinheiro.pdf: 14936859 bytes, checksum: 63f5104d9ab037918671f919af46ecdd (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T13:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Rildo Figueiredo Pinheiro.pdf: 14936859 bytes, checksum: 63f5104d9ab037918671f919af46ecdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-14
Outras
Several politics and the disordered growing of Manaus city determined the changing in its form and operation. The urbanization politics these last a hundred years marked the spaces made by the elite class interest in a time and structural form. Going this way, the ones with no economical conditions had no spaces for house, physic and leisure activities and were dislocated to distant areas. A lot of these spaces were the “igarapes”, an action that remains until nowadays as an appropriation form of the “igarape” soil of our city. The park 10 spa represented the leisure space for a long time, on which the relation with the environment had no impact. The accelerated crowing and abundance period decreased during the First World War, between 1914 and 1918. The city that was recreated to shelter foreign and Brazilian people from the South-east part of the country inspired in the Paris streets had only 35 thousand people that time and was supposed to assume the ones from the rubber productions farms, increasing, this way, its population and the appearance of new districts. The Manaus Free Zone had a fundamental role in the space city order, as a economic politic modal and social practice, and let to great changes in the Manaus urban landscape. The studious area of this work was the “Mindu Igarapé “, divided in three points: the lower course, the medium course and the upper course. The proposal was to analyze spaces used to physical and leisure activity practice in its bank. We can note that in the lower course the area is still used with this objective, and the water pollution is accelerated, not only by the swage system but also by the residential trash. In the medium course the sport and leisure politics were applied, but the environmental worry was forgotten, where the commercial and residential swage are being through in the Bilhares Park and the Mindu Park, decreasing the life quality of people who live in this area and destroying the forest in its bank. The upper course is an area on which there is not many of these intervention and needs to be more structured, due it belongs to high a populated area. We could find children itinerants parks, soil camp and land squash. Due the fact its near the Mindu’s source, it needs more vigilance. Talking about corporal mass index (IMC) of the three course population, the medium course was the one that had the biggest variation, culminating the tax of 23,69, which classified as pre-obese by the Health World Organization. Based on the IMC results and the environment indicator it was determinate that life qualities of Mindu Igarapé people is low taking on consideration body, environment and daily relationship.
Diversas políticas e o crescimento desordenado determinaram a mudança da forma e da funcionalidade da cidade de Manaus. As políticas de urbanização implementadas nestes últimos cem anos marcaram temporal e estruturalmente os espaços delimitados pelos interesses classistas elitizados. Com isso, aqueles com menos posse econômica ficaram desprovidos de espaços para moradia, atividade física e lazer, sendo deslocados para áreas distantes. Dentre estes podemos destacar os igarapés, ação que até nos dias atuais é mantida como forma de apropriação do solo no entorno dos igarapés de nossa cidade. O balneário do Parque 10 representou por muito tempo o tipo de espaço de lazer vivido nesta época, onde a relação com o natural ainda permanecia estabelecida sem impactar tanto. O período de crescimento acelerado entrou em decadência, durante a primeira Guerra Mundial, entre 1914 e 1918. A cidade que fora recriada para abrigar estrangeiros e brasileiros vindos do sudeste do país inspirada nas ruas de París na época possuíam apenas 35 mil habitantes, agora teria que assumir aqueles oriundos das fazendas produtoras de borracha, tornando sua população ainda maior, e com isso, o surgimento de novos bairros. A Zona Franca de Manaus teve papel fundamental no ordenamento espacial da cidade, enquanto modelo de política econômica e prática social, que proporcionou grandes mudanças na paisagem urbana da cidade. A área de estudo realizada neste trabalho foi o Igarapé do Mindu dividindo seus três cursos: curso inferior, curso médio e curso superior. A proposta era estudar e analisar os espaços utilizados para prática de atividade física e de lazer no seu entorno. Vericou-se que no curso inferior ainda se usa os campos de várzea para a prática esportiva e lazer, e que a poluição de seu corpo d’água está acelerada, causada pela rede de esgotos e lixo ali destinados pelas residências. No curso médio as políticas de esporte e lazer foram bem aplicadas, sendo esquecida a questão ambiental, quando esgotos comerciais e residenciais estão sendo destinados para dentro do Parque dos Bilhares, Parque e Passeio do Mindu, diminuindo assim a qualidade de vida de seus moradores e morte da mata ciliar do seu entorno. O curso superior é uma área que carece dessas intervenções e de ser estruturada, visto que pertence a uma zona de maior adensamento populacional. Nele foram encontrados parques infantis itinerantes, campos de chão batido e quadras de areia. Pelo fato de está inserida nas proximidades da nascente do Mindu necessita de maior vigilância. Nos índices de massa corporal verificado nas populações dos três cursos, aquele que houve maior variação foi o do curso médio quando atingiu a taxa de 23,69 que é classificada como pré-obeso pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Baseado nos resultados do IMC e indicadores ambientais ficou determinado que qualidade de vida dos moradores do entorno do Igarapé do Mindu é de má qualidade, quando se estabelece a relação corpo, ambiente urbano e cotidiano.

Magíster en Gestión y Políticas Públicas
Este estudio responde a la necesidad de potenciar la gestión interna de División de Administrativa del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (en adelante DIVAD), para dar cumplimiento a las definiciones contenidas en el Plan Estratégico 2014-2018. Se plantea como objetivo central la gestión interna del MINVU, se puede acoplar a las definiciones estratégicas, transformándola en resultados medibles. Para dar respuesta se plantea la construcción de un modelo de gestión basado en un Cuadro de Mando Integral, CMI según la teoría planteada por Davis Norton y Robert Kaplan. Para el análisis del caso se utiliza el desarrollo un de sistema de gestión basado en el modelo del Cuadro de Mando Integral (Kaplan & Norton, 2002), se encuentra documentado desde principio de la década del 90. Inicialmente su aplicación se dio en empresas del sector privado y posteriormente fue adaptado al sector público (Kaplan, 1999). Una de sus principales características es poder complementar al proceso de planificación estratégica, facilitando su implementación, seguimiento y control; permitiendo que el esfuerzo de la organización esté centrado en alcanzar los lineamientos estratégicos; superando de esta forma la crítica de otros modelos de control de gestión se centran principalmente en los indicadores financieros. Metodológicamente este estudio, corresponde a una investigación cualitativa, utilizando como estructura metodológica una revisión conceptual del Cuadro de Mando Integral y su aplicabilidad a organismos públicos; la revisión de la gestión interna en la División de Administración mediante el desarrollo de Análisis PEST y FODA, sumado a la caracterización de usuarios relevantes, además, se consideraron como insumo espacial los resultados la medición de riesgos psicosociales; un análisis de direccionamiento estratégico considerando del Plan Estratégico del MINVU 2014 2018 traducido a Desafíos DIVAD; para luego desarrollar formulación de indicadores, que permiten el seguimiento y control. A partir del análisis realizado se concluye que es factible alinear la gestión interna a los lineamientos estratégicos, disponiendo métricas que apoyan a la toma de decisiones. A lo largo del desarrollo se observa una transición del enfoque de gestión de la DIVAD, que en un comienzo se encuentra orientado a los procesos, productos y al estricto cumplimiento normativo, pasando a un enfoque de consideración a los usuarios internos como externos, haciendo foco no sólo en los entregables, sino en cómo se entregan.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2013.
Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 319871.pdf: 2233559 bytes, checksum: 1fc2a89bf818ae7d59aa03dbe3bfb917 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Um dos principais reflexos da falta de planejamento ambiental (principalmente nas cidades) é a existência de áreas de risco, que fazem parte do cotidiano de milhares de pessoas em todo planeta. No Brasil, consiste num problema recorrente de vários centros urbanos como, por exemplo, na cidade de Manaus. No presente trabalho se delimitou como unidade espacial de análise a microbacia hidrográfica do igarapé do Mindu, pertencente à vasta rede hidrográfica do sítio urbano de Manaus. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é identificar as dinâmicas espaciais de áreas de risco na referente bacia hidrográfica, considerando a relação natureza-sociedade. Também foi realizado o diagnóstico da vulnerabilidade ambiental na área de estudo, identificando as áreas de riscos de deslizamentos e inundações. Para tanto se laçou mão dos dados disponíveis no Inventário Preliminar de Áreas de Risco de Manaus, bem como dos relativos à infraestrutura urbana, saneamento, educação e renda referentes aos Setores Censitários (IBGE, 2000) correspondentes à bacia do Mindu. O alto curso da bacia apresentou maior vulnerabilidade, o médio curso apresentou vulnerabilidade moderada e o baixo curso foi classificado com baixa vulnerabilidade. Esses graus de vulnerabilidade foram representados no mapa de risco elaborado a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos de IPT (2004). Por fim, foram relacionados os episódios chuvosos com os desastres ocorridos no período de 2005 a 2012, dos quais três foram destacados: uma inundação brusca (2007) e duas inundações graduais (2009 e 2012).

Abstract : One of the main consequences of the lack of environmental planning (specifically in relation to cities) is the existence of ´risk areas´, which are part of everyday life, for thousands of people around the world. In Brazil, this is a problem for several urban centers, for instance, in the city of Manaus. In this present study, the river basin of Mindu, belonging to the vast drainage system of Manaus, was used as the outer boundary of the spatial unit of analysis. The main objective is to identify the spatial dynamics of ´risk areas´ in respect to the basin, with consideration to the nature-society relationship. The diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the study area was evaluated, identifying the ´risk areas´. The available data was researched in the Preliminary Inventory of Risk Areas of Manaus, as well as those relating to urban infrastructure, sanitation, education and income-related factors to Census Sectors (IBGE, 2000) of the basin. The upper component of the basin showed the greatest vulnerability, the middle showed moderate and the lower was rated as a low degree of vulnerability. These degrees of vulnerability were presented on the risk map drawn from the methodological procedures of the Institute of Technological Research (2004). Ultimately, it was found that the results were associated with rainy disasters which occurred during the period of 2005 to 2012. Three happenings were highlighted: a sudden flood (2007) and two gradual floods (2009 and 2012).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Harison Pereira do Nascimento.pdf: 1189534 bytes, checksum: e214c92e030c7e0e83ea285f34b21efb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to verify through exposure to short-and long-term, direct and indirect effects of contaminated water from streams Mindu and Quarenta on anuran larvae, hylid Osteocephalus taurinus. Two experiments were conducted over 96 hours of exposure to a gradient of increasing concentrations, we assessed the acute effects of contamination on eggs and larvae in stage 25 larvae free natantia and without the presence of external gills. There was no mortality and no apparent anomalies in the short term for both streams for both stages of egg, as for the larvae. To assess the effects of chronic exposure, larvae were used in stage 25 of Gosn er, where they were exposed to contaminated water until they reach metamorphosis in an experiment using a one-factor control and two treatment using 100% of the concentration of water in their streams. The nitrogen compounds [ammonium (NH ), nitrite (NO ) and nitrate (NO )] produced in the course of the 4+ 2- 3 experiments were always in a higher concentration for the affluent of Mindu in relation to the Quarenta, while the concentrations o f pH , dissolved oxygen and temperature have remained always close between treatments and also taking all individuals received the same feed in two streams of water treatments, a significant difference in the length of larvae, size of metamorphosis and growth rate compared to control. The period of the larvae in Stream Mindu was lower, with the size and growth rate higher than in the control. In the Stream Quarenta, the situation is reversed, there was a period of larvae increased with the size at metamorphosis and growth rate lower than in control. The effects produced by chronic exposure to contaminated water streams are indications that the continuous contamination of streams and / or urban streams can upset the population dynamics of amphibians, carrying, other ecological changes. These results demonstrate possible consequences of contamination by urban sewage on larval amphibian communities of streams and pools of forest land.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar através de exposições a curto e longo prazo, os efeitos diretos e indiretos das águas contaminadas dos Igarapés do Mindu e do Quarenta sobre larvas do anuro, hilídeo Osteocephalus taurinus. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos através de exposições de 96hs a um gradiente crescente de concentrações, se avaliou os efeitos agudos da contaminação, sobre ovos e larvas em estágio 25 larva livre, natante e sem a presença de brânquias externas. Não foi verificada mortalidade e nem anomalias aparentes em curto prazo para ambos os igarapés tanto para os estágios de ovo, como para o de larva. Para avaliação dos efeitos crônicos da exposição, foram utilizadas larvas em estágio 25 de Gosner, onde estas foram expostas às águas contaminadas até alcançarem a metamorfose em um experimento unifatorial utilizando um tratamento Controle e dois outros utilizando 100% da concentração da água dos respectivos igarapés. Os compostos nitrogenados [Amônio (NH ), Nitrito (NO ) e Nitrato (NO )] verificados ao + - 4 2 3 longo dos experimentos mostraram-se sempre em maior concentração para o Igarapé do Mindu em relação ao do Quarenta e, apesar de as concentrações de pH, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura terem se mantido sempre próximas entre os tratamentos e tendo ainda todos os indivíduos recebido a mesma alimentação, nos dois tratamentos com água dos igarapés, houve diferença significativa na duração do período larvário, no tamanho da metamorfose bem como na taxa de crescimento em relação ao Controle. O período larvário no Igarapé do Mindu foi menor, com o tamanho e a taxa de crescimento maiores em relação ao Controle. Já no Igarapé do Quarenta, a situação se inverteu, foi observado um período larvário maior, com o tamanho na metamorfose e a taxa de crescimento menores que no Controle. Os efeitos crônicos produzidos por exposição à água de igarapés contaminados são indícios de que a contaminação contínua dos igarapés e/ou córregos urbanos pode desequilibrar a dinâmica populacional de anfíbios, trazendo consigo, outras alterações ecológicas. Estes resultados demonstram possíveis conseqüências da contaminação por efluentes urbanos sobre comunidades larvárias de anfíbios de igarapés e poças de floresta de terra firme.

Memoria para optar al título de Arquitecto
Valparaíso, cuya espontaneidad manifestada en una trama urbana orgánica, derivada del particular contexto geográfico de su emplazamiento y de su conformación histórica. Sus espacios públicos, pasajes, escaleras, recovecos e inmuebles de los más variados estilos arquitectónicos, nos trasladan a diferentes épocas de su desarrollo. Desde la conformación de los primeros caseríos en torno a la “Iglesia La Matriz”, pasando por su consolidación como la Ciudad-Puerto más importante del Pacifico Sudamericano, hasta la actualidad. Hoy en día, la ciudad, alberga en su paisaje natural, urbano y arquitectónico solo vestigios de un periodo de mayor esplendor. Tiempos de alto tráfico comercial, poder económico a nivel nacional y el desarrollo de una sociedad pluricultural. Imagen que le ha conferido a un área del Centro histórico de Valparaíso la categoría de Sitio Patrimonio de la Humanidad el año 2003.Esto ha despertado el interés de entidades tanto públicas como privadas para el desarrollo de proyectos. La expansión de la ciudad a los cerros ha provocado un despoblamiento en el plan de la ciudad, generando el abandono, deterioro y una apropiación irregular de los espacios públicos y el patrimonio arquitectónico. Lo anterior se evidencia en las precarias condiciones en las que se encuentra su herencia arquitectónica, debido a la negligencia por parte de los propietarios, gestiones publicas insuficientes y catástrofes naturales tales como terremotos, aludes e incendios. El estado de deterioro en que se encuentra Valparaíso refleja una baja consideración de patrimonio arquitectónico, poniéndolo en una situación de vulnerabilidad frente a los intereses de privados. En este contexto, se encuentra el “Barrio Almendral”, que cuenta con un importante número de sitios eriazos y construcciones de relevancia patrimonial deshabitadas, deterioradas, subutilizadas y ocupadas informalmente. Esto sumado al despoblamiento generalizado del barrio y necesidades habitacionales de Valparaíso plantea un gran desafío consistente la elaboración de un plan integral y sostenible en el tiempo, que permita el repoblamiento del sector, renovando sus usos y potenciando los valores propios su herencia urbana, constructiva y arquitectónica. Finalmente se diseña un proyecto que contempla la rehabilitación de la Escuela Ramon Barros Luco, Monumento Nacional con alto nivel de deterioro y la construcción de un nuevo edificio que mantiene la línea del edificio original para ser usadas como oficinas del MINVU y SERVIU. Lo anterior considera, potenciar los valores propios del inmueble revitalizando el contexto socio cultural del Barrio; consolidar el edificio estructuralmente, mejorando su comportamiento sísmico y asegurando su preservación; la habilitación de circulaciones verticales y horizontales para optimizar las circulaciones dentro del conjunto; el diseño de un patio techado abierto para el recreo de funcionarios y actividades de la comunidad; incorporar nuevas tecnologías y conceptos de arquitectura sustentable.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2012.
Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-04-22T13:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_AnaLuciaSoaresMachado.pdf: 8691055 bytes, checksum: 9a0fcf5de7899d49fa1b5b31e51f42f2 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-04-22T14:27:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_AnaLuciaSoaresMachado.pdf: 8691055 bytes, checksum: 9a0fcf5de7899d49fa1b5b31e51f42f2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T14:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_AnaLuciaSoaresMachado.pdf: 8691055 bytes, checksum: 9a0fcf5de7899d49fa1b5b31e51f42f2 (MD5)
A Amazônia Central é formada por uma rede de pequenos igarapés, o que a constitui na mais densa região hidrográfica do mundo. Esses ambientes vêm sendo impactados com desmatamento e ocupações irregulares. Em espaços urbanos, as sub-bacias hidrográficas sofrem com a elevada ocupação antrópica. Os igarapés, em Manaus, estão assoreados e poluídos, o que instiga ao questionamento quanto ao desafio da gestão compartilhada desses bens para a garantia da vida. Com a finalidade de investigar e discutir a educação ambiental enquanto processo na gestão ambiental e sua contribuição para a sustentabilidade, buscou-se nesta tese mostrar o processo de degradação num período de 40 anos; realizar um diagnóstico socioambiental; identificar e verificar os programas, projetos e ações em Educação Ambiental, desenvolvidos ao longo do Igarapé do Mindu, localizado na área urbana do município de Manaus (AM), bem como os conflitos existentes na gestão socioambiental dessa área. A metodologia utilizada refere-se a um estudo de caso de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo em uma abordagem de multimétodos. Foram entrevistados cinco categorias de atores sociais: o poder público, por meio das secretarias municipais e estaduais que mantêm uma relação direta com o Igarapé do Mindu; uma instituição privada; as escolas municipais e estaduais localizadas nas proximidades do Igarapé; instituições de pesquisas, cujos projetos estão relacionados aos igarapés em área urbana; e comunitários que vivem em locais que o igarapé percorre. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um processo de degradação do igarapé e diferentes entendimentos da Educação Ambiental, sendo que alguns têm de modo implícito ideias características do modelo conservacionista, enquanto outros se definem num modelo da crítica social para gestão ambiental. Tendo como base as concepções abordadas, a Educação Ambiental em Manaus tem avançado, mas deve haver um entendimento mais complexo e um processo contínuo da Educação Ambiental na gestão socioambiental dentro dos órgãos gestores e sociedade civil. Conclui-se que existe uma relação direta entre os igarapés e o uso do solo, o tema está ligado às seguintes dimensões da sustentabilidade: social, cultural, econômica, ambiental e política-institucional. Por meio do diagnóstico socioambiental realizado no Igarapé do Mindu, verificou-se a insustentabilidade dessas dimensões no município de Manaus (AM). Foi percebida uma fragilidade na gestão ambiental dos cursos d’água, não apenas para com o Igarapé do Mindu, mas também nos demais igarapés que entrecortam a área urbana de Manaus (AM). A Educação Ambiental passa a contribuir mais efetivamente na construção de um cidadão socioambiental capaz de atuar na recuperação e conservação dos igarapés, a partir do entendimento de que é a base para um processo de gestão ambiental sustentável. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Central Amazon is formed by a network of small water streams, which is a densest river basin in the world. These environments have been impacted by deforestation and illegal occupations. In urban areas, the sub-basins suffer with high human occupation. The small water streams in Manaus, are silted and polluted, which instigates the questioning about the challenge of shared management of these goods for the lifetime guarantee. In order to investigate and discuss environmental education as a process in environmental management and its contribution to sustainability, this thesis aimed to show the degradation process over a period of 40 years; perform an environmental diagnosis, identify and verify programs, projects and actions in Environmental Education, developed over the Mindu water stream, located in the urban area of Manaus city (Amazon state), as well as the conflicts in the environmental management of the area. The methodology refers to quantitative and qualitative study of case in a multi methodology approach. Five categories of social actors have been interviewed: the government, through the municipal and state offices that maintain a direct relationship with the Mindu water stream; a private company; the municipal and state schools located nearby of the Mindu Water stream; research institutions, whose projects are related to water streams in urban areas, and local community living in the creek runs. The results showed a degradation process of the Mindu water stream and different understandings of environmental education, and some have implicitly characteristics of a conservationist idea model, while others define a model of social criticism for environmental management. Based on the concepts addressed, the Environmental Education in Manaus has advanced, but there must be a more complex understanding and an ongoing process of environmental education in environmental management within the management offices and civil society. The conclusion is a direct relationship between the water streams and land use, the theme is linked to the following dimensions of sustainability: social, cultural, economic, environmental and institutional policies. Through the social and environmental diagnostic performed in the Igarapé do Mindu, there was unsustainability of these dimensions in Manaus city (AM). It was perceived a weakness in the environmental management of waterways, not only for the Mindu water stream, but also in other water streams that intersect the urban area of Manaus city (AM). Environmental education is to contribute more effectively in building a social and environmental citizen capable of acting in the recovery and conservation of water streams, from the understanding that is the basis for a process of sustainable environmental management. ______________________________________________________________________________ RESUMÉ
L'Amazonie Centrale est formée par un réseau de cours d'eaux appellés « Igarapés », tout en formant le plus dense réseau pluvial au monde. Ces espaces sont très impactés par le déboisement et les occupations irrégulières. Dans les espaces urbains, les sub-bassins du réseau pluvial souffrent depuis longtemps avec des occupations anthropiques importantes. Les igarapés situés à Manaus sont envahis et pollués, ce que demande le questionnement par rapport le défit de la gestion partagée de ces richesses pour la garantie de la vie. Ayant pour but faire une enquête et promouvoir la discussion de l'éducation environnementale en tant que processus de la gestion écologique et sa contribution à la durabilité, cette thèse cherche à mettre en évidence la dégradation subie pendant les 40 dernières années; produire un diagnostique social et environnemental; identifier et vérifier les programmes, projets et actions dans le cadre de l'éducation environnemental, développés au long du fleuve Igarapé do Mindu, situé dans la commune de Manaus en Amazonie, aussi bien que les conflits existant dans la gestion sociale et environnementale de la région. La méthodologie utilisée se réfère à une étude de cas de caractère quantitatif et qualitatif dans une approche de méthode multiple. Il a été interviewé cinq catégories d'acteurs sociaux: le pouvoir public, représenté par les services publics en charge de l'entretien du fleuve Igarapé do Mindu; une institution privée ; les écoles publiques situées aux proximités du fleuve ; les institutions de recherche, en charge de projets que fait rapport a ce type de fleuve et des citoyens qui habitent aux proximités du fleuve. Les résultats obtenus montrent, d'un côté la situation de dégradation qui a eu lieu au long du fleuve sur son parcours urbain et, d'autre côté, les différents points de vue par rapport l'éducation Environnementale, où certains, d´une façon implicite, ont des idées caractéristiques d'un modèle conservatoire et d´autres, restent avec un positionnement basé sur un modèle de critique sociale de la gestion écologique. Tout en considérant les concepts abordés, l'éducation Environnementale a la commune de Manaus a évolué, cependant il doit avoir une compréhension plus complexe aussi bien qu'un processus continu de l'éducation Environnemental dans les services publics de gestion et également dans la société civile. Il y a un rapport direct entre les fleuves et l´usage du sol et le thème est lié a certaines dimensions de la durabilité: sociales, culturelles, économiques, écologiques et politiques. À travers le diagnostic socio-environnemental effectué sur le fleuve Igarapé do Mindu, il a été verifié le manque de durabiité de ces dimensions dans la commune de Manaus. Il est visible la fragilité de management de cours d'eaux, pas seulement pour l'Igarapé do Mindu, mais aussi bien que pour d'autres situés dans les espaces urbains de la ville de Manaus. L'éducation Environnementale est fort contributeur de la formation de la conscience écologique des citoyens devenu capable de promouvoir la récupération et conservation des igarapés, tout en prenant en compte que cette compréhension est la base du processus de gestion durable de l'environnement. ______________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN
La Amazonia Central es formada por una red de pequeños arroyos, sendo por eso la más densa región hidrográfica del mundo. Sus ambientes se han visto impactados por la deforestación y las ocupaciones desordenadas. En las zonas urbanas, las subcuencas hidrográficas han sufrido con la ocupación humana de altura. Los arroyos, en Manaus, están llenos de sedimentos y contaminados, lo que instiga al cuestionamiento sobre el desafío de la gestión compartida de estos activos, para que sea garantizada la vida. Con el intuito de investigar y discutir la educación ambiental como un proceso en el manejo del medio ambiente y su contribución a la sostenibilidad, esta tesis trató de mostrar el proceso de degradación durante un período de 40 años; realizar un diagnóstico socioambiental; identificar y verificar los programas, proyectos y las acciones en Educación Ambiental desarrolladas a lo largo del Arroyo Mindu, situado en la zona urbana del Municipio del Manaus (AM), así como los conflictos existentes en la gestión ambiental en esta área. La metodología utilizada se refiere a un caso de estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, en un abordaje multimétodos. Entrevistamos a cinco categorías de actores sociales: el gobierno, a través de las secretarias municipales y provinciales que mantienen una relación directa con el Arroyo Mindu; una institución privada; las escuelas municipales y provinciales ubicadas cerca del Arroyo; instituciones de investigación, cuyos proyectos están relacionados con los arroyos en áreas urbanas; y la comunidad que vive cerca del arroyo. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran un proceso de degradación del arroyo y diferentes concepciones de la educación ambiental, siendo que algunas tienen implícitamente ideas características del modelo conservacionista, mientras que otros se definen en un modelo de crítica social para la gestión ambiental. A partir de tales conceptos, la Educación Ambiental en Manaus ha avanzado, pero debe haber una comprensión más compleja y un proceso continuo de educación ambiental en la gestión socioambiental dentro de los órganos de administración y de la sociedad civil. Llegamos a la conclusión de que existe una relación directa entre los arroyos y el modo de uso de la tierra, el tema está relacionado con las siguientes dimensiones de la sostenibilidad: social, cultural, económico, ambiental y político-institucional. A través del diagnóstico socioambiental realizado en el Arroyo Mindu, verificamos la insostenibilidad de estas dimensiones en el Municipio del Manaus (AM). Se percibe una debilidad en la gestión ambiental de los cursos de agua, no sólo en el caso del arroyo Mindu, sino también en otros arroyos que cruzan la zona urbana de Manaus (AM). La educación ambiental contribuirá más eficazmente en la construcción de uno ciudadano socioambiental capacitado a actuar en la recuperación y conservación de los arroyos, desde que entenda que esa es la base para un proceso de gestión ambiental sostenible.

Grado académico de Magister en Hábitat Residencial, Escuela de Postgrado
El presente estudio, realiza una reflexión y análisis crítico del diseño de los programas habitacionales y de desarrollo urbano barrial vigentes a la fecha, del “Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo” (MINVU) de Chile. Mediante el problema de investigación, se plantea que en dichos programas, no existiría una matriz conceptual única para la intervención en el ámbito sociocultural. Esto, estaría impactando en la calidad y efectividad de la política urbano habitacional. Para abordar dicho problema, la “Actividad Formativa Equivalente” (AFE), se plantea la revisión del enfoque de hábitat residencial y el uso de algunas dimensiones del concepto de cohesión social, para construir una propuesta que aborde de manera integral el mencionado ámbito.
This study makes a critical reflection and analysis of program design and urban development housing neighborhood in Force, the "Ministry of Housing and Urbanism" (MINVU) of Chile. Through the research problem, which arises in these programs, there would be no single conceptual matrix for intervention in the cultural field. This would impact on the quality and effectiveness of urban housing policy. To address this problem, the "Equivalent training activity" (AFE), there is the review of residential habitat approach and the use of some aspects of the concept of social cohesion, to build a proposal addressing comprehensively the mentioned area.

Sociology
Ph.D.
This study examines ethnic minority students at Minzu University of China (Minzu) and the ways in which students form social capital and cross-ethnic friendships as strategies to support their academic and career pursuits. Minzu University of China (in Beijing) is selected as the site for the study because it is the leading minority university in China and its mission is to promote educational attainment and social integration among the nation’s ethnic minority population. The study calls on sociological work on social capital and schooling as well as work on cross-racial and cross-ethnic friendship formation to guide the theoretical and conceptual analysis. Three groups of students based on ethnic background and primary language spoken form the basis for the interview sample: 1) Han students whose primary language is Chinese Mandarin; 2) Min Kao Han students who are ethnic minorities fluent in Chinese Mandarin and who took the college entrance exam (the Gaokao) in Mandarin; and 3) Min Kao Min students representing ethnic minority students who took the college entrance exam in their native language and who may have limited Mandarin ability. The following research questions served to guide the study: 1) What differences exist among Han, Min Kao Han, and Min Kao Min college students in terms of the observable characteristics of their social connections and relations? 2) How do students form social relationships and connections and to what extent are there observable differences when comparing the three groups of students? 3) How do the students form cross-ethnic friendships and relations and to what extent are there observable differences across the three groups of students? 4) How does guanxi influence the formation of social relationships and connections among the three groups of students? Methodologically speaking, the study borrows from the qualitative tradition and emphasizes the kind of perspective taking critical to understanding the collegiate experiences of ethnic minorities. Field work was conducted during the spring semester 2017 over a five-month period and involved semi-structured interviews with 42 students (14 from each ethnic grouping and equal numbers of males and females), informal interviews, participant observation (mainly in the form of shadowing) and document analysis. Key research findings point to the fact that Min Kao Min students tend to lack confidence about their pre-college education and their Gaokao performance. The vast majority of students appreciated the cultural and ethnic diversity at Minzu University, although some reported shortcomings with the educational environment in terms of the academic quality and the campus infrastructure. Two major forms of social relations constituted students’ social capital formation—peer to peer connections and faculty/staff connections. Extracurricular activities and social media/online platforms provided important spaces for students to build social capital and cross-ethnic friendships. Guanxi, as a unique form of social capital in the Chinese cultural context, emerged as an important aspect of the collegiate experience and the formation of social connections. In terms of cross-ethnic friendship formation, Min Kao Min students tended to have the most homophilous friendship circles, whereas Min Kao Han students were more likely to have the most heterophilous friendships with Han students falling in the middle. The fact that Min Kao Min students are least likely to form cross-ethnic friendships was seen as an important factor in potentially limiting their social capital formation.
Temple University--Theses

The Sibe people in Northeast and Northwest China lived largely apart for over 250 years until information and communication technology (ICT) renewed regular contact. This thesis hypothesizes that the changes in Sibe interaction resulting from ICT use are redefining their ethnic identity – or minzu in Chinese. To investigate this hypothesis, data was gathered using a combination of interviews and ethnography of Sibe use of social media across platforms from Sina Weibo to QQ and WeChat. The findings contribute to research on both the concept and practice of minzu today and the role of ICT in the production of identity. They challenge essentialist explanations of the relation between ethnic minorities and the internet found in both cyber-utopian and cyber-realist literatures. First, they demonstrate that ethnicity – or minzu in Chinese – is a social construction and dynamic concept. Second, they show that ICT participates in identity construction in an interaction between users’ social and cultural needs and the characteristics of ICT itself. To support this understanding and show how different players shape ethnic identity in their use of ICT, the core chapters: trace the genealogy of minzu as a concept in relation to Sibe identity; analyze the representation of the Westward Migration of Sibe to Northwest China in official museums and unofficially online; and examine debates about how to transliterate Sibe language on the internet.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-07-31T15:27:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Mary Joyce Targino Lopes Magalhães.pdf: 1466870 bytes, checksum: 3202ba13f65ece33fb3c071651d2a444 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-04T15:21:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Mary Joyce Targino Lopes Magalhães.pdf: 1466870 bytes, checksum: 3202ba13f65ece33fb3c071651d2a444 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-04T15:28:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Mary Joyce Targino Lopes Magalhães.pdf: 1466870 bytes, checksum: 3202ba13f65ece33fb3c071651d2a444 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-04T15:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Mary Joyce Targino Lopes Magalhães.pdf: 1466870 bytes, checksum: 3202ba13f65ece33fb3c071651d2a444 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26
FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading bacterial cause of nosocomial infections. Possessing aquatic habitats, it presents a good indicator of water contamination. To verify that this bacterial species represents a potential source of contamination to the Mindu stream, we must carry out and analyze the following objectives: first, identify isolates of P. aeruginosa in samples of hospital effluent surface water obtained from the Mindu stream and second, to check whether the strains posses virulence factors as related mobility scourge, "twitching motility", biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, and finnaly, to assess the genetic similarity between isolates. Method: To identify the microbiological and biochemical composition, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used. For phenotype characterization we performed the following tests: first, we tested for mobility, using the scourge test "twithing motility", second we tested the biofilm formation and profile of antimicrobial resistance using the disk diffusion technique, the genetic similarity among isolates found was determined by PFGE. Results: We identified 17 isolates of P. aeruginosa in effluent water from the hospital. 8 isolates of the same species were in the surface water of the Mindu stream. The strains tested with mobility scourge; 100 % of the strains were found in water Mindu and 88 % of the strains were found in the hospital´s effluent samples were positive for " twitching motility ". All of the 25 isolates studied showed biofilm formation and more than 70 % of the strains found in hospital´s effluent water (raw and treated) had the phenotype of multidrug resistance.100 % of P. aeruginosa isolates found showed resistance to Ampicillin and 50 % of the strains were intermediately resistant to ceftriaxone. Among all the samples, there was genetic similarity; in the hospital´s effluent water and the hospital´s treated sewage, samples found in different seasonal periods, and among isolates found in hospital effluent and surface water of Mindu. Conclusion: The presence of P. aeruginosa containing virulence factors in surface water samples is indicative of the spread of nosocomial origin of microorganisms in the aquatic environment studied. There is strong evidence that the system of sewage treatment in the study is not efficient. Contaminants from P. aeruginosa containing multidrug resistance were in the samples of treated effluent water, and showed high genetic similarity among isolates of P. aeruginosa derived from raw wastewater. Therefore, it is necessary for action and more oversight on the part of health surveillance agencies with health services so that they meet the requirements of the laws in force in order to preserve the environment and people's health.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma das principais bactérias causadora de infecções hospitalares, e por possuir habitat comumente aquático apresenta-se como boa indicadora de contaminação de águas, para verificar se essa espécie bacteriana representa uma fonte de contaminação em potencial para o igarapé do Mindu, o estudo se propôs a analisar os seguintes objetivos: identificar isolados de P. aeruginosa em amostras de efluentes hospitalares e água superficial do igarapé do Mindu; verificar se as cepas encontradas apresentavam fatores de virulência como, mobilidade ligada ao flagelo, “twitching motility”, formação de biofilme e resistência aos antimicrobianos, e avaliar a similaridade genética entre os isolados. Metodologia: Para a identificação microbiológica foram realizados testes bioquímicos e o sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA dos isolados encontrados; Para a caracterização fenotípica foram realizados os seguintes testes: teste de mobilidade ligada ao flagelo, teste “twithing motility”, teste de formação de biofilme e perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos pela técnica de disco-difusão; A similaridade genética entre os isolados de encontrados no estudo foi determinada por PFGE. Resultados: Foram identificados 17 isolados de P. aeruginosa em efluentes hospitalares e 8 isolados da mesma espécie na água superficial do igarapé do Mindu; Todas as cepas estudadas apresentaram mobilidade ligada ao flagelo; 100% das cepas encontradas na água do Mindu e 88% das cepas encontradas em amostras de efluentes hospitalares apresentaram “twitching motility” positivo; todos os 25 isolados estudados apresentaram formação de biofilme; mais de 70% das cepas encontradas nos efluentes hospitalares (brutos e tratados) apresentaram o fenótipo da multirresistência e 100% dos isolados de P aeruginosa encontrados na água do Mindu apresentaram resistência à Ampicilina e 50% dessas cepas apresentaram resistência intermediária a Ceftriaxona; houve similaridade genética entre isolados encontrados em efluente hospitalar bruto e efluente hospitalar tratado, entre isolados encontrados em diferentes períodos sazonais e entre isolados encontrados em efluentes hospitalares e água superficial do Mindu. Conclusão: A presença de P. aeruginosa contendo fatores de virulência, em amostras de água superficial, é indicativo de disseminação de microrganismos de origem nosocomial no ambiente aquático estudado. Há fortes indícios de que o sistema de tratamento de efluentes do estudo não está sendo eficiente, já que foram encontradas cepas de P. aeruginosa contendo fatores de virulência, inclusive a multirresistência em amostras do efluente tratado; e foi observada alta similaridade genética entre isolados de P. aeruginosa oriundos de efluente bruto e efluente tratado. Por isso, se faz necessário maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos de vigilância sanitária junto aos serviços de saúde para que sejam cumpridas as exigências das legislações vigentes a fim de preservar o meio ambiente e a saúde da população.

La Oficina General de Administración del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos (OGA-Minjus) es una unidad ejecutora del sector Justicia, depende jerárquicamente de la Secretaría General según su reciente Reglamento de Organización y Funciones (ROF) (Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos [Minjus] 2012), donde se detallan sus funciones, y se indica que es el órgano de apoyo responsable de gestionar los sistemas administrativos de abastecimiento, tesorería y contabilidad, así como de asuntos documentarios, gestión de inversiones y de la ejecución coactiva. Los proyectos que ha venido ejecutando la OGA-Minjus, en su mayoría, son para la defensa pública y acceso a la justicia. Según la Programación Multianual de Inversiones (PMI) 2018-2020, uno de los servicios que brinda el Minjus es el servicio de acceso a la justicia, a través de sus sub servicios: i) defensa pública (materia penal, familia, civil y laboral); ii) asesoría legal gratuita; y iii) conciliación extrajudicial gratuita (Minjus 2017a). Sin embargo, este desempeño en cuanto a su nivel de gasto de inversión (ejecución) está por debajo del promedio del sector justicia y del gobierno nacional, motivo por el cual la presente investigación analiza cuáles son los principales factores que ocasionan este bajo desempeño, y se realiza una propuesta de mejora para la gestión de la inversión pública de dicha oficina. Se ha considerado un horizonte de análisis que incluye los años 2012 a 2016, tiempo en el cual se formularon y se han venido ejecutando un total de 15 proyectos de inversión pública, por un monto total acumulado de S/ 15.010.916, siendo el monto de inversión promedio por proyecto de S/ 1.000.727.

L'unité de ces cinquante-six minzu 民族 est promue comme fondement « naturel » et « historique » de la nation chinoise, ainsi définie par un corps multinational ou « multiethnique ». Cette conception de la nation est rendue visible et publique par le biais de manifestations spectaculaires autour des différentes « minzu minoritaires » (shaoshu minzu 少数民族,) qui sont des occasions répétées de soutenir l'unité nationale et l'ordre social. Notre étude se penche sur les images des « minzu minoritaires » dans le cinéma de la République populaire de Chine, et tente de dégager leur implication dans le contexte historique de la construction nationale chinoise après 1949. Deux périodes sont analysées plus spécifiquement, de 1950 à 1965, et du milieu des années 1980 à 2005
The Chinese multinational state, officially composed of fifty-six minzu 民族, is promoted as the ‘natural' and ‘historical' foundation of the Chinese nation. Spectacular displays of the ‘minority minzu' (shaoshu minzu 少数民族) give visibility to the conception of a united nation and thus sustain national unity and the social structure. This dissertation looks into images of the ‘minority minzu' in the cinema of the People's Republic of China and attempts to situate these images in the historical context of the construction of the Chinese nation-state after 1949. The analysis focuses on two specific periods: from 1950 to 1965 and from the mid-1980s to 2005

L'unité de ces cinquante-six minzu 民族 est promue comme fondement « naturel » et « historique » de la nation chinoise, ainsi définie par un corps multinational ou « multiethnique ». Cette conception de la nation est rendue visible et publique par le biais de manifestations spectaculaires autour des différentes « minzu minoritaires » (shaoshu minzu 少数民族), qui sont des occasions répétées de soutenir l'unité nationale et l'ordre social. Notre étude se penche sur les images des « minzu minoritaires » dans le cinéma de la République populaire de Chine, et tente de dégager leur implication dans le contexte historique de la construction nationale chinoise après 1949. Deux périodes sont analysées plus spécifiquement, de 1950 à 1965, et du milieu des années 1980 à 2005.

Le développement rapide de l'économie chinoise a eu de réelles percussions dans tous les domaines de la société chinoise. Avec ce changement de contexte national, les sociologues chinois spécialisés dans le domaine de l'ethnicité commencent, depuis cette dernière décennie, à s'interroger sur la pertinence de la politique des minzu, notamment dans le redressement des inégalités sociales par des mesures de discrimination positive à critère ethnique qui reposent sur une essentialisation des groupes ethniques (minzu) historiquement construits par la politique impulsée par Mao. En même temps, la question de la cohésion sociale devient également le centre des préoccupations en raison d'un éventuel impact de cette politique de caractère essentialiste sur dans la conscience identitaire des individus appartenant à des groupes faisant objet des traitements spéciaux. Comment rassembler les citoyens chinois "casés" dans 56 groupes minzu pour atteindre une meilleure cohésion sociale après les avoir différenciés? En nous inscrivant dans cette question, nous nous penchons sur les Yi de la Préfecture de Liangshan afin d'apporter un éclairage de plus sur ce sujet important Ainsi, nous avons mené des enquêtes sous forme de questionnaire et d'entretien auprès des acteurs Han et Yi (lycéens, enseignants, parents d'élèves) qui sont complété par de nombreuses données statistiques. Ces données nous permettent d'évaluer le degré d'inégalité existant sur le plan socioéconomique et sur celui de l'éducation scolaire entre la minorité Yi et la majorité Han ainsi qu'à l'intérieur même d'un minzu, qu'il soit Han ou Yi, dans cette Préfecture. Elles nous permettent également de comprendre les causes de cette inégalité ainsi que de mesurer les dispositifs mis en place dans la lutte pour la combattre. En outre, nous nous sommes penchée sur la cohésion sociale entre les minzu à travers l'examen du "curriculum formel" (manuel scolaire d'histoire) et sur la compréhension de cette assignation identitaire par des élèves Han/Yi. Ainsi, à travers l'analyse de la perception des marqueurs identitaires plus intimes tels que la Fête des Torches qui s'inscrit au "creuset" de l'identité Yi, l'amitié et le mariage interethnique, nous appréhendons, même très partiellement, l'intensité des relations interethniques entre Han et Yi dans la Préfecture de Liangshan. Tout au long de cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à évaluer l'effet de contexte lié à la mixité sociale et ethnique, ce qui nous a permis PCC sur l'homogénéisation des groups minzu
The rapid development of the Chinese economy had real shocks in all the domains of the Chinese society. With this change of national context, the Chinese sociologists specialized in the field of the ethnicity, from last decade, began to consider the aptness of the minzu (group ethnic) policy. Attention was put notably in the recovery of the social inequality by measures of affirmative action based on ethnic criterion, which consists in the essentialisation of the ethnic groups (minzu), historically built by the policy impulsed by Mao. At the same time, the question of the social cohesion also becomes a concern, for the reason that this policy of essentialist nature could have an impact on the identical consciousness of individuals. How to reassemble the Chinese citizens "accommodated" in 56 groups minzu to reach a better social cohesion after having them differentiated? By enrolling in this issue, we focus on the Yi minzu of Liangshan Prefecture in order to bring some lights on this important subject. In doing this, we led investigations in the form of questionnaire and of interview with Han and Yi (pupils, teachers, parents), which are completed by numerous statistical data. These data allow us to estimate the degree of inequality existing in social economy and in school education between the minority Yi and the majority Han, as well as inside one minzu, whether it is Han or Yi, in this Prefecture. These data also allow us to include the causes of this inequality, and to evaluate measures put in place to tackle it. Besides, we studied the social cohesion between minzu through the exam of the «formal curriculum " (textbook of history) and of the understanding about this assignment of identity by Han / Yi pupils. Then, through the analysis of the perception of more intimate identical markers such as the torch festival (symbol of the identity Yi), the friendship and the interethnic marfiage, we dread, even very partially, the intensity of the interethnic relations between Han and Yi in the Liangshan Prefecture. Throughout this thesis, we attempted to estimate the effect of context by referring to the social and ethnie coeducation, which allowed us to distance ourselves from the essentialist approach of the CCP on the homogenization of minzu groups

碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
93
Taiwanese Travel Behaviors and Intention of Minsu Inn Consumption Abstract Amid the lifestyle trend which increasingly emphasizes leisure and travel, the questions of “what are most important underlying motivation of travel in Taiwanese consumers?” “what are the characteristics in Taiwanese travelers during vacations?” and “how much are their intention to try to stay in the currently popular mingsu inns?” are worthy studying. Focusing on these issues, the study has integrated theories and literature of travel behaviors, proposed a theoretical model for travel behavior study on Taiwanese people, and hereby developed a scale to assessing travel motivations of Taiwanese people and established a model for empirical study in intention of mingsu inns consumption. The mainly participants of the study include professionals and technicians in Taiwan. The sample size is 445. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Five main factors underlying Taiwanese travel are refreshment, family fusion, knowledge extension, socialization, and self-improvement. (2) The main sources of travel information are family members, media coverage, agency promotion, friends and relatives, and non-profit organization. There is a statistically significant and positive correlation between knowledge extension and agency promotion information source. (3) Major considerations in vacation planning include board and room, transportations, activities, itinerary, Nature access, and shopping. No significant correlation was found between motivations of travel and consideration about itinerary and shopping (4) Many positive and significant correlation were found between any vacation motivations of travel and intention of minsu inns consumption. (5) Negative and significant correlation between age and length of overseas travel was found, while the relationship between age and travel length significantly positive.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
人資處美勞教學碩士班
101
Abstract This study focuses on works I created between 2012 and 2013. This creative narration stems from my observation of plants. Through plants, I believe the close connection between humans and nature could be re-established. We can again communicate with nature and experience the meaning of life in nature. My works expresses my concerns with the natural environment and my understanding of life, and can inspire internal creative power and encourage people to contemplate the meanings and values of life. Based on these purposes, I summarize three concepts in this study: I. To represent the beauty of plants. II. To internalize the delivery of images. III. To coexist with nature, respect nature, and learn from nature. My works are mainly represented by line drawing. Points, lines, and planes are manipulated to depict the courses of plants from budding, blossoming, to withering, which symbolize the life of humans. Mainly presented in monochrome, the transformation, exaggeration, acceptation, and rejection of the depicted plants create a special rhythm and cadence. In addition, impressions inspired by plants are expressed through metaphors and symbolizations. Abstract elements are extracted from the nature, and visible as well as invisible worlds are integrated using the essence of drawing to express my internal world.

碩士
國立屏東商業技術學院
不動產經營系(所)
100
The urban community is to bring together the diverse social and cultural background ,values and way of life regression between populations,the prevalence of environmental cold desert and interpersonal Untouchable.Therefore,the strength of the sense of community residents,has become an important indicator of the local residents face the important issue whether the collective action and urban renewal to promote a smooth or not more closely related to its.In this paper, Kaohsiung Minzu Public housing for example, by the questionnaire,residents over 20 years old for the survey, analyze the relationship of households to participate in community urban renewal and community awareness .Cognitive situation to understand the community residents to participate in community urban renewal,step forward to clarify the operation of connected between the households basic attributes and sense of community to promote urban renewal,in order to profit community development and participation of the follow-up study to test. In this study, questionnaire survey, Kaohsiung Minzu Public Housing over 20 years old, residents, according to the literature preparation of community residents a sense of community and participation in urban renewal survey questionnaire as a research tool, The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.And differences in a community sense of community due to age, occupation, personal monthly income, length of residence, home ownership, whether as a community duties 2.There are differences on the participation of community residents in the urban renewal because of gender, age, educational level, occupation, marital status, whether as a community duties 3.Urban renewal, community residents involved in the higher the degree of its strong sense of community 4.The background property of the community and urban renewal can predict the level of participation on the sense of community Based on the above findings, put forward specific proposals, as the future of community residents to participate in urban renewal work to take forward with the reference basis of the follow-up study

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
105
In 1986, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion proposed to emphasize the importance of communities in order to promote health and highlighted the involvement of residents to create “healthy communities.” The “supportive environments” in the Charter meant to “offer people protection from threats to health, and enable people to expand their capabilities and self reliance in health.” Communities are where residents live and exercise in their daily life. Therefore, it is exceptionally significant to create supportive environments that consider the health of residents as the starting point. A good physical environment can increase the willingness and times residents do outdoor activities, and their health is promoted through physical activities. Great social environment can also improve the communication and interaction between residents and cohere the emotions and the sense of health in communities. Based on the theory of building healthy supportive environments, this study examined Minzu Li in Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung City. The current situations of its environment development, organization management, and health relation were investigated with literature review, field research, and interviews. Issues to improve and strategies to handle them were proposed to Minzu Li as future reference of specific strategies of constructing healthy supportive environments. Through the improvement and development of physical environments in the community, the organization management and the building of atmosphere in the social environment, and the integration and interlinking of surrounding health resources, the team and residents in Minzu Li participated together. They built a healthy supportive environment in cooperation in order to maintain and improve the health of residents and the community.

Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and Who are the Dungan? The thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop a concept appropriate for the comparison of different ethnicities, (2) to use this concept to identify differences of ethnicity in China, and (3) to analyse these differences in the cases of the Huis and the Dungans. The second section postulates the concept of ethnicity as a secondary identity, and this becomes the main theoretical and methodological frame of the work. Six primary identities and dimensions, that together form the components of ethnicity, are discussed. Policy, which is interpreted as a context of ethnicity, and (ethno)culture, understood as an expression of ethnicity, are not seen as components. The concept enables the comparison of distinct perceptions (emic) and qualitative atributes (etic) of ethnicity from six main perspectives. The third chapter is focused on ethnicity and the ethnic policies of China. The central objective is to define a Chinese official category minzu, its position in the context of European concepts of ethnicity and nation, and its comparison with the concept of nation in the Soviet tradition, which represents minzu's template. Minzu is interpreted, unlike most other concepts, as an ethnic group rather than a nation, and is seen as a political...

Cette thèse, divisée en trois chapitres, traite de la question nationale en Chine. Le premier chapitre retrace l’évolution conceptuelle de la notion de nation, un concept importé en Chine de l’Occident en passant par le Japon, pour révéler comment la société chinoise s’adapte à cette nouvelle idée. Il établit surtout que le concept de minzu, à cause de son ambiguïté sémantique par une interprétation indécise ab initio, permet aux pouvoirs de le manipuler à des fins politiques et aux minorités ethnonationales de contester la légitimité du pouvoir. Sa nature indéterminée fait du concept de minzu une arme à double tranchant : d’une part, le gouvernement chinois s’attache à construire un État-nation ; d’autre part, il reconnaît et maintient un héritage multinational ancien. Le deuxième chapitre présente tout d’abord les politiques en vigueur relatives aux minorités ethniques en Chine par une approche descriptive et par une évaluation critique. Il démontre que le système d’autonomie régionale ethnique, basé sur une reconnaissance politique des minorités ethniques et aux caractéristiques antiséparatistes, paternalistes et développementalistes, va à l’encontre de ce que le Parti communiste chinois a voulu, à savoir une cohésion interethnique au sein de la nation chinoise. La deuxième section de ce chapitre examine le débat intellectuel contemporain sur la question nationale. En effet, plusieurs penseurs s’interrogent sur le pluralisme culturel qui renforcerait l’identité ethnique des minorités désireuses de se séparer si une citoyenneté commune ne s’impose pas. Le débat se déroule dans un environnement autoritaire. Il en résulte une opposition entre le sectarisme et l’étatisme. La dernière partie du chapitre est consacrée à un examen approfondi du confucianisme. Après avoir analysé le renouveau du confucianisme en tant que manifestation du nationalisme ethnique majoritaire, elle scrute les idées inhérentes à la philosophie chinoise pour révéler ses répercussions politiques et culturelles sur la politique identitaire d’aujourd’hui. Le troisième chapitre vise à explorer une solution pour la gestion de la diversité dans l’unité. Il commence par disséquer la stratégie nationaliste que l’État-parti promeut sous le couvert du patriotisme pour étayer sa légitimité. Face à un éloignement du nationalisme de la majorité, le nationalisme étatique ne peut pourtant que rouler sur la culture du groupe dominant pour représenter la sinité, laquelle est contestée à la fois par la majorité et à la fois par les minorités. Ensuite, nous examinons des expressions de la crise identitaire des Chinois contemporains et nous démontrons qu’une citoyenneté commune n’est pas capable d’unir les Chinois dans une Chine non démocratique. Nous nous interrogeons par la suite sur le rapport entre la démocratisation et la question nationale. Enfin, en rapprochant le patriotisme constitutionnel d’Habermas et le néotianxiaïsme, idée tirée des expériences locales, nous proposons que seule une identité chinoise bâtie sur une nouvelle civilisation qui elle-même prendra en compte toutes les civilisations et toutes les cultures présentes en Chine, sera partagée par l’ensemble des Chinois. Pour conclure, la Chine demeure un champ d’expérimentation pour tester l’idée d’État multinational et ses variantes.
This thesis divided into three chapters deals with the national question in China. The first chapter traces the conceptual evolution of the notion of nation, a concept imported into China from the West through Japan, to reveal how Chinese society adapts to this new idea. It demonstrates that the concept of minzu, because of its semantic ambiguity by an ab initio indecisive interpretation, allows political powers to manipulate it for political purposes and meanwhile, il enables ethnic minorities to challenge the legitimacy of power. The indeterminacy makes the concept of minzu a double-edged sword: on one hand the Chinese government is committed to building a nation-state and on the other hand it recognizes and maintains an ancient multinational legacy. The second chapter first presents the current policies on ethnic minorities in China through a descriptive approach and a critical evaluation. It demonstrates that the system of ethnic regional autonomy, based on political recognition of ethnic minorities characterized by antisecessionism, paternalism and developmentalism, runs counter to what the Chinese Communist Party wanted, namely inter-ethnic cohesion within the Chinese nation. The second section of this chapter examines the contemporary intellectual debate on the national question. Several thinkers wonder about cultural pluralism that would strengthen the ethnic identity of minorities who want to separate if common citizenship is not required. The debate takes place in an authoritarian environment, which leads eventually to an opposition between sectarianism and statism. The last part of the chapter is devoted to a thorough examination of Confucianism. After analyzing the revival of Confucianism as a manifestation of majority ethnic nationalism, it examines the ideas inherent in Chinese philosophy to reveal its political and cultural repercussions on today's identity politics. The third chapter seeks to explore a solution for managing diversity in the unity. It begins by dissecting the nationalist strategy that the party-state promotes under the guise of patriotism to underpin its legitimacy. The state nationalism, although distanced by majority nationalism, must rely on the dominant group’s culture to represent sinity, which is disputed by both the majority and minorities. Then we move to review different expressions of identity crisis of contemporary Chinese and we demonstrate that a common citizenship is not able to unite the Chinese in an undemocratic China. We then examine the relationship between democratization and the national question. By bringing Habermas’ constitutional patriotism and neo-tianxiaism, an idea drawn from local experiences, we propose in the end that only a Chinese identity built on a new civilization that shall take all the civilizations and cultures present in China into account, shall be shared by all Chinese. To conclude, China remains a test bed to test the idea of a multinational state and its variants.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
表演藝術碩士學位學程
105
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study in Action Research was aim to the one of the class in eight-grade students for the creative dance courses in ten weeks which using the innovative teaching method of learning by themselves , thinking and expressing, the foremost objective was to explore to increased learning motivation and learning efficiency of student, and the issue with the solution in teaching practice through this research. The study tool were include “grouping”, “rewrite the text”, “observation of the performance”, “improved the feedback”, and “improvisation” etc.; the collection of qualitative data of “teaching journal of reflection”, “the form of study course”, “cooperation in teacher’s observation”, and “the form of student’s feedback”, etc.. After cross-verification and integration of the information for the process with analysis, the results were as follows: 1. This research in using the teaching method of learning, thinking, expressing to the creative dance course that improved learning motivation of student apparently. 2. Through the resources of “improvisation” and “feedback of the observation” which increased the ability of cognition, the act of exploration, the creative ability, the ability to expressed of social and emotion in the creative dance course. 3. Through the examination, reflection, correction, the feedback of student and as the teaching was able to recycle to improve the expertise for the teacher. I looked forward in this research which discovered the aspect in teaching and study that can provided some suggestions for the educator to reference in the future. Key words：Action research，Creative teaching of dance，SHARESTART teaching method，

碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
106
This study is aimed to develop a regional groundwater numerical model calibration method. After finsishing the model, I will apply it to evaluate the change of groundwater level when decreasing the volume of pumping in severe subsidence area, and possible volume of pumping in area. When I want to correct the parameters, I use Gradient method. It uses partial derivatives on objective function to decide the correction of parameters. However, the outcome of partial derivatives on objective function can’t be solved. So, I use physical principal and some mathematical function to approximate the the part of partial derivatives, and this can quickly find the correction of 5 parameters including net surface recharge, pumping in deep aquifer , net boundary flux , horizontal hydraulic conductivity, and vertical leakance. Finally, the established method was applied on the groundwater system of Chou-Shui River Alluvial Fan and Minzu Basin. With this model, we can estimate the pumping potential of Minzu Basin and the rise of groundwater in severe subsidence area of Chou-Shui River Alluvial Fan when decreasing the volume of pumping. The proposed groundwater parameters calibration method is based on an optimization model which the objective function is minimizing the the sum of square error of the simulated and observed error in groundwater storage. The decision variables are net surface recharge, volume of pumping in deep aquifer , net boundary flux ,horizontal hydraulic conductivity, and vertical leakance. There are three constraints of the optimization model: (1) the flow of groundeater system msut flow the conservation of mass(2) the simulated groundwater level must follow the governing equation of groundwater flow; (3) all decision variables are restricted to a reasonable limits. The process of the optimization model sets the initial value of decision variables first, and inputs the variables to groundwater model. Thus, the groundwater level can be simulated and the objective function will be estimated. If the objective function doesn’t satisfy the stop condition, the simulated error hydrograph of groundwater level will be calculated. Applying the physical principal and some math function, the modified decision variables is calculater according to the simulated error hydrograph of groundwater level. From iterations, the optimal temporal-spatial distribuation of decision variables can be obtained. This study applied the optimization model on the calibration of the groundwater system in Chou-Shui River Alluvial Fan and Minzu Basin. The simulated period is from January 2012 to December 2014 monthly. The total variables of hydraulic conductivity in four acquifers are 126, of vertical leakance are 96. There are 1080 net surface recharge, 3456 pumping in deep aquifer and 1332 net boundary flux temporal-spatial distribuation in all stress period. The result show that the error in the aquifer drops down very quickly than deeper aquifers because lots of decision variavles can affect aquifer.However, the RMSE of groundwater level in all aquifers are still about 1 m. The calibrated hydraulic conductivity and vertical leakence are mostly in reasonable limits, and the other flow decision variables are still in reasonable limits. The simulated groundwater level can reflect the approximately trendance in all acquifer and can capture the peak of the observed value in first acquifer. Hence, the established method of this study can effectively and accurately calibrate temporal-spatial distribution of groundwater flow and hydrogeological parameters. Finally, we can apply it in real situation and estimate it.

碩士
南台科技大學
資訊管理系
97
Today's global economy has gradually been in transition to a "knowledge economy" era, but some factors such as geographical barriers, ethnic groups, and educational attainment have still resulted in more aggravated digital divides in the whole world. This study uses "to transform digital divides, and to create digital opportunities" as underlying theme, and further proposes a community portal based on famous ICDT model which was actually implemented in the case of Minzu digital opportunity center in Kaohsiung Country. The portal wants mainly to provide community people with a chance to learn more information-related capabilities, and furthermore introduces electronic commerce techniques into community cultures and industries to improve the quality of life. The community portal this study proposes hopes to contribute a website template which comprises related electronic commerce techniques to other digital opportunity centers.

碩士
國立臺北藝術大學
舞蹈理論研究所
99
Minzu wudao (Chinese national or ethnic dance), a special genre of dance, has been formed by the Nationalist Government (Kuomintang or KMT) for the political agenda of anti-communism in the 1950s. The nationalistic ideology behind Minzu wudao therefore exists distinctly since then. After the period of anti-communism, issues about the aesthetics of Minzu wudao started to be discussed. Though the term “Minzu wudao” tends to evoke such stereotypical impressions as “ambiguous depictions of Chinese ethnic dance”, “overacted performance”, “old-fashion” and “ribbon dance,” there have been choreographers trying to break through the stereotypes, intending to find new aesthetic languages of Minzu wudao. Hsiou Chun-ling is one of them. In this thesis, two of Hsiou’s works “Yi Luo Yin ” and “Tsan yueh．Ch’ang hsiou” are chose as examples of her creation of “contemporary Minzu wudao.” It begins with providing an overview of the history, culture research, form and style of Minzu wudao and then viewing Hsiou’s works in these contexts. Moreover, for a deeper understanding of the aesthetics of Hsiou’s work, Chinese traditional aesthetic theory, such as chi-yun, xing-shen, hsu-shih, and yi-jing, which are deeply influenced by Confucianism and Taoism, is applied as analytical tool. In addition, a review of the various stages of Hsiou’s body training will also enrich the analysis of her works. In conclusion, the thesis will discuss how Hsiou’s works present the aesthetics of “the contemporary” while at the same time keeping connection with Chinese cultural tradition. This may point to the future possibility of Minzu wudao.

碩士
國立中央大學
地球科學學系
106
The Minzu Basin is located at the central part of Taiwan, which is bounded by the Changhua fault in the west and the Chelungpu thrust fault in its east. The Chuoshui river flows through the basin and brings in thick unconsolidated gravel layers deposited over the Pleistocene rocks and gravels. Thus, the area has a great potential for groundwater developments. However, there are not enough observation wells in the study area for a further investigation of groundwater characteristics. Therefore, we tried to use the electrical resistivity Tomography (ERT) method for estimating the depth of the groundwater table and the specific yield of the unconfined aquifer in dry and wet seasons. We have deployed 13 survey lines with the Wenner-Schlumberger array in the study area from December 2016 to March 2018. Based on the data from the ERT measurements and the nearby Xinming observation well, we turned the resistivity into the relative saturation with respect to the saturated background based on the Archie’s Law. With the depth distribution curve of the relative saturation, we found that the curve exhibits a similar shape to the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve. Hence we attempted to use the Van-Genuchten model for characterizing the depth of the water table. we also tried to calculated the specific yield by taking the difference between the saturated and residual water contents. According to the results, we can depict the the water level distribution in the study area. In general, the ground water in upriver is higher than downriver, slightly raise near the river and the groundwater equipotential lines is vertical to the river. The specific yield in the study area is 0.16 to 0.26 which in downriver is small because the stratum has more clay material. Therefore, the water table in downstream raise higher than upstream.

碩士
淡江大學
建築學系碩士班
100
This study is aimed to explore to the heat island effect around Minzu W. Rd, Datong Dist, Taipei. By survey of the station and to simulation airflow and temperature field , to find out where is the potential area. Aim each area to recommend proper tactic of reduce the urban heat island, and aimed the tactics to simulation to know each Improvement benefit. Compared to those Improvement benefit in order to suggestion the better tactic of reduce the urban heat island in this station. These tactics can give following research and urban design for reference. Outline of each chapter： Chap.1- Describing the motive, purpose, scope configuring flow and methodology of this research. Chap.2- Discusses the theory of urban heat island effect, and than discusses the principle of heat radiation characteristics of objects, common fluidic phenomena in urban. Explore the influence of local climate. Finally, to analyze foreign tactics of reduce the urban heat island. Chap.3- Researching the geographical environment of the Taipei City, Datong District, and Minzu W. Rd, then study the climatic characteristics of Taipei, investigate the site status, Identify potential areas of reduce the heat island. Integrate the Central Weather Bureau''s data and local Climate station''s data to be the research background. Then introduction software. Integrating Ecotect, Stefan-Boltzmann law and phoenics, and the proceed to the CFD simulation of present situation. Chap.4- In accordance with the conditions of the potential areas to develop the tactic of reduce the heat island. The main strategic direction is：(1)Green Belt policy (2)Blue Belt Policy (3) Building shell improvements (4) Ventilation cooling (5)Ground cover material improvement. According to the above five strategies develop 12 models, and proceed to the wind, temperature simulation. Chap.5- Compare the results of simulation, and weighted assessment of the strategy. Chap.6- Summarize the conclusions of this study: (1) Analysis the wind and temperature conditions in the urban by integrating Ecotect,Stefan-Boltzmann law and phoenics ,can be used to study the urban heat island effect. (2) Increase the urban green space could improve the urban comfort . (3) The density of building ,arrangement and building spacing of block is the key point for ventilation. (4) Should be increase the plants cover rate of urban space as a principle to improve the comfort in the long run.

This paper is devoted to a critical analysis of the book I and Thou in the attempt to identify the main points of the dialogical philosophy as presented by Martin Buber. The introductory passages present the background of the book in terms of time (the era after WWI), cultural background (the influence of Hasidism), or the history of philosophy (an opposition to immanentism, monism, idealism, transcendental philosophy etc.). The main goal of the following interpretation is to try to understand man as a person in his complex existential situation, i.e. through his potential relationships or objectifying attitudes to the world. Being is described as a dual structure either of the basic pair of words I-Thou or of the basic pair of words I-It. As opposed to the usual use of the term, dialogue is defined as a specific interaction of man and the remaining world metaphorically expressible by the structure of addressing-responding. By this scheme, the characteristic reciprocity and direct continuity is expressed. The dialogue is also placed in the area "between" I and Thou, which mediates the genuine, immediate and transcendental knowledge constituting the reality. Finally, the dialogical attitude is compared and contrasted to the monological comprehension of the world. Key words: personalism, dialogical...