Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minorités en milieu urbain – Canada'
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Godbout, Claudia. "Étude du choix de localisation des immigrants au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25861/25861.pdf.
Full textHaghighat, Chapour. "Exclusion sociale et milieu urbain aux Etats-Unis." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H070.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to examine the social crisis in urban life in the United States and the changes that have occurred during the recent years, resulting in the increase of the gap between different categories of the population and in the apparition of new social tensions. The evolution of social, economic and political conditions is analyzed and how they6 have generated since the past three decades a greater marginalization of the lower classes, especially among the ethnic minorities. In this study, different social issues - as poverty, racism, immigration and urban violence - are discussed in order to better understand the complexity of the American society
Poirier, Cécile. "L'ethnicité comme ressource politique : partage de l'espace urbain et gestion de la diversité à Montréal et Bordeaux." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30018.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, local authorities in western countries have been put under pressure to better take into account their citizens’ ethnocultural differences or, on the contrary, to limit such adaptation. Although this kind of accommodation often consists of ad hoc measures, researchers in the field of the management of diversity, have tended to focus on public policies. This research examines instead concrete practices of diversity management, specifically in the domain of sports and leisure, which are usually perceived as a means of social integration. In fact, both diversity management and recreation services are somewhat ambiguous because of their double vocation of respecting differences and personal development and promoting integration. Both also operate in a context dominated by formal and informal partnerships with a variety of organisations providing public services. What strategies do local authorities adopt to take differences into account and develop appropriate service provision? Based on three case studies (two in Montreal and one in Bordeaux), this research reveals that diversity management practices depend less on formal policy than on local issues of governance in sports and leisure and on the actors’ capacity to understand cultural codes. From a scientific viewpoint it underscores the relevance of the notion of ethnicity as a political resource, and from a practical viewpoint it highlights the importance of developing intercultural training and reflexive practices
Levier, Pierre. "De l'hygiénisme à l'écologie urbaine : environnement, santé publique et urbanisme à Toronto du XIXe siècle à nos jours par Pierre Levier." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30020.
Full textAs early as the 1910s, toronto became famous for its sanitation and its public health policy. More recently, it has been hailed in america as "a city that works". This research seeks to determine what part was played in the history of that city by public health and environmental issues. Various aspects of the crisis arising from rapid growth between 1880 and 1920 are dealt with : industrial pollution, congestion, street paving, the solid waste issue, the water supply and sewerage problems. Through a look at death rates and disease rates before world war one, the unhealthiness of the urban environment is measured. The public health movement which the sanitarians prompted is then dealt with; its motives, its shortcomings and the resistance it met with are discussed. An analysis of the work done by the commission of conservation of canada reveals close links between the concern for health and a concern for town-planning which arose in the 1890s. Out of these concerns and under the influence of the garden city concept rose a call for suburbanization. But little suburban growth occured around toronto during the 1920s and 1930s. The history of toronto since 1945, on the other hand, is one of massive suburbanization and new environmental issues. A study of the rise of environmental concern in toronto since the 1960s shows that this concern prompted major decisions in urban planning, that it fed a mutual resentment between the city and its suburbs and that it played a great part in a new definition of public health. Eventually, environmental concern fed the rising concern over urban sprawl and led to a call for higher urban densities
Freney, Sylvie. "Les faubourgs et leur évolution du XVIIIe siècle au milieu du XIXe siècle : étude comparée d'Angers et de Montréal." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0023.
Full textThe goal of this Study on the Suburbs is to demonstrate the importance and the existence of the role of the suburbs had in adjustment and growth of the city between the 18th and mid 19th century. We were able to put three chonological time periods in perspective through the example of the Montreal and Angers suburbs. The first time period dealing with developments leading to the creation of the suburbs, allows them to place themselves around the city. The suburb is then the projection of the city outside of its walls. During the second time period around the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century we are seeing the suburbs becoming more independent and becoming the centre of the city's growth, also, because of the abolition of the ramparts the connection between the city and suburb is fully functional. The city identifying itself to its suburbs, the integration of the suburbs to the city represents the third time period. This stage of integration is marked by the emergence of new significant spaces in the suburbs, spaces close to the notion of district. This work clearly shows that the suburbs are an historical reference from the time of the city, allowing to capture the mecanisms of the city's growth, therefore, it goes beyond being specific and comparative study on the suburbs in two different urban context
Bréville, Benoît. ""Inner city" montréalais et banlieue parisienne, politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté urbaine : la politique de la ville à Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (Canada) et Saint-Denis (France), années 1960-début des années 2000." Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5483/1/D2407v1.pdf.
Full textSpire, Amandine. "Les étrangers d'Afrique de l'Ouest à Lomé (Togo) : identification, (in)visibilité et citadinité. : réflexions au regard de la ville d'Accra (Ghana)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100112.
Full textThis thesis opens avenues of reflection on the interactions between cities and foreigners, in the West African context. It begins with a report: there are many international migrants in Lome and Accra who originate from within the ECOWAS zone of “free movement”, but they are not very visible in these cities – particularly since there are no ethnic enclaves. In spite of their lack of visibility, some West African foreign groups are paradoxically stigmatized by the host populations in times of crisis. The study of the urban societies of Lome and Accra questions the paradigm of assimilation of migrants into the city as conceived by the Chicago sociological tradition. By applying the theories of the School of Manchester and by deconstructing the model of the “rural exodus”, we shall propose a dialectical and multiscalar approach to the links between foreigners and cities. The city influences the identities of foreign migrants who, themselves, transform the spaces of the city and the “citadinité”, defined as the modes of life specific to a city (in terms of practices and representations). One of the main stakes of this thesis consists in underlining the complexity of the notion of foreigner in West African cities. The variety of international mobility, in terms of places and temporalities, has the result of mixing up the faces of foreigners in Lome and Accra. The foreigners do not belong to a single social group, any more than to a single territory. So, this research considers the visibility of foreigners’ identities in the city, both in the eyes of the city-dwellers and in those of the researcher. The foreigners’ identities to a city can be the object of a demand and a process of recognition which is conveyed by territorialities on the scale of a district, as is the case in zongos. But the marginality of certain foreign groups also contributes to the formation of foreigners’ territorialities, even if not easily visible. The presence of foreigners expresses itself not only in terms of identity, but also in terms of territory. The taking possession and the control of certain spaces by foreigners are at the heart of syncretic dynamics, characterized by the redefining of belonging to “somewhere else” in local interactions. In other words, the preservation of foreigners’ identities in the city is not based on the reproduction of identities which appear somewhere else or in other times, but seems to be the product of a differentiation and an identity creation in and of the city. It is from then on possible to exceed the territorial dimension of the changes in the city due to the presence of the foreigners: on the micro scale, places of sociability created by the foreigners entirely participate to invent the links which make the city in everyday life
Rioux, Gabriel. "Le milieu de l'urbanisme à Montréal (1897-1941) : histoire d'une "refondation"." Thèse, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5965/1/D2601.pdf.
Full textSimonet, Guillaume. "Enjeux et dynamiques de la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques en milieu urbain : les cas de Montréal et Paris." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100076/document.
Full textDue to the inevitability of human-induced climate change, adaptation of human systems has become a priority of municipal political agendas. However, the implementation of actions on reducing the vulnerability of populations and territories to cope with impacts faces several barriers, including cognitive, organizational and institutional ones. As part of this doctoral research, the 83 semi-structured interviews conducted with professional actors in climate change between Paris and Montreal confirm the idea of a mosaic of social representations generated by the term "adaptation to climate change," which gives rise to various interpretations once implementation started. The qualitative analysis of field data, supported by lexicometric tool, allows to a better understanding regarding logic of actions, including some challenging municipal decisions or those behind organizational dynamics. From these results, the research wants to expose the advent of adaptation to climate change in an urban context of major industrialized countries such as Montreal or Paris can not be equated with a change paradigm, but more like a vehicle helping to implement the precepts of sustainable development, initiated by "sustainable" movements in Rio (1992). Thus, although currently specifically identified in the climate topic, adaptation could quickly become an essential tool for participation in the fabric of the city viable
Parsanoglou, Dimitrios. "Grèce, pays d'immigration : perspectives historiques et sociologiques." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0147.
Full textThis thesis is divided in three autonomous but interconnected parts. The first one, called "The history of migration in Greece", deals with the question historicity of migrant mobility in the Greek socio-historic context. After a brief presentation of the well-known history of emigration, the different types of immigration movements are examined through a temporal and thematic lens. The second part deals with new immigration to Greece, viewed in relation to real or alleged transformations of migration at a global level as well as at the level of Southern Europe. In addition, it is placed in the context of socio-economic evolution of the country, insisting on the domestic factors that lead to it. In the third part, called "Migrants in the city", the past and present of a city within the Athenian conurbation are explored through the successive migratory movements that formed and transformed its character. The new international migration and the composition of the migrant population of the city can be explained in major part by the nature and the needs of local labour market. This work concludes with a comparison between the two major migrant groups concerning employment, housing and distribution in the urban space
Paris, de Bollardiere Hervé. "Les Gens du bord : Pour une sociologie des pratiques soucieuse de l'histoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES024.
Full textThis thesis discusses the relationship between the dynamics of social transformation of communities of experience and the dynamics of subjectivation in the course of militant, civic or urban action, of actors emerging in different circumstances, and who try to influence their context of action.How the action of the actor engaged in a process of subjectivation to the encounter of the other makes return to his world or environment, and also to that of the other? Everything here is about borders and limits, history and memory in action. This thesis explore the work of the “les gens du bord”, passers of bright memory, passers of material and symbolic borders, throught various field materials and situations.Three types of experience with high socio-historical stakes are intrigued: that of the generations heirs of North African immigration from lower-income neighborhoods; that of anti-war activists in the former Yugoslavia; that of Roma migrants in France and that of a Romanian Rumanian activist movement.Rather than a comparative approach, it is a matter of decentering by working on their critical potential.The narrative path of this research on each of the experiences explored combines intrigue of the city and intrigue of social transformation. The decentering makes it possible to revisit the terms of the citadinity-citizenship-nationality relationship in the various fields.It is by borrowing from both urban sociology and an anthropology of the subject inspired by hermeneutics that we attempt here the experience of a sociology of practices concerned with the history, whose horizon would be to think an ecology of practices and not only an ecology of social groups
Cotnam-Kappel, Megan. "E nostre lingue sò e nostre vite : une étude comparative des paroles des enfants quant au processus de choix scolaire en milieu minoritaire en Ontario et en Corse." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0003/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the voices of children, accessed as they were living the school choice process during the transition between elementary and secondary school in minority language contexts. The aforementioned research agenda is motivated by the fact that the field of school choice is dominated by adults who decide, who speak for children or who categorize children without including children in research regarding a process that concerns them directly. Moreover, my particular interest in the choice of language of instruction in minority language communities has prompted me to conduct an international, comparative educational research project to better understand the similarities and particularities of experiences lived by children in Corsica and in Ontario, two contexts strongly influenced by sociolinguistic issues. The following principal research question guides this thesis : what processes lead children of Ontario and Corsica to pursue, or abandon, their education in the minority or majority language?My interpretive, critical, and reflexive epistemological position frames my scientific interest in the voices of child participants. The project’s methodology is a comparative case study that is influenced by an ethnographic lens. The data collection tools, participant observation, questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews—as well analyses of school, family and national contexts—allow for a holistic and rigorous analysis of the cases studied. These analyses reveal that the process of school choice represents a convergence of student, child, and child-citizen occupations (or métiers) in the construction of the child’s personal project regarding his or her own academic and social future. Furthermore, this analysis illuminates the need to better support children during the school choice and transition processes, to better equip and to better inform parents concerning these processes, and to rethink civic education in minority language communities. The contribution of this thesis to the field of education is important in several respects, particularly in relation to 1) its placement of child voice at the forefront of the research; 2) its particular focus on the choice of language of instruction in minority language contexts; and, 3) its comparative element which connects the cases of Ontario and Corsica and, so doing, advances the understanding of minority language education
Guidolin, Monica. "Ethnographies et ethnohistoires des dynamiques identitaires et rituelles en Inde Centrale (Madhya Pradesh) : les interactions des Gond et des Pardhan avec le milieu hindou." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0095.
Full textMadhya Pradesh is a singular case, both because of the high number of inhabitants belongingto communities classified as tribal (ādivāsī), and because of the cultural and social variety present and which enriches the fabric of the different traditions occupying this part of the country. What remains of this great cultural fecundity, along with the historical intensity with which this “Middle Land” has been shot through for centuries, both provide a favorable setting for the socio-anthropological scenario. The comparative approach to funerary rituality amongst some Pardhan groups of Eastern Madhya Pradesh has made it possible to pursue the study by constantly switching, in a very stimulating way, between classical knowledge of royal Gond tradition and culture (Rāja Gond) on the one hand ‒ of which the Pardhan are the main witnesses and bearers — and, on the other hand, the level of penetration of Hinduization which will modify the experiences of devotion and the practices of mourning. In this respect, the study developed in a way that would be qualify as circular: from the urban context of Bhopal to the rural context of the home villages in the Mandlā and Dindori districts, the ethnological framework that has been derived was forced to come to terms with the relationship between these two sites. It is from the “funerary culture” that this research started to examine the implications of the social as it is implemented during this final “refinement” (saṃskāra). The analysis of Gond-Pardhan interrelationships in central India provided us with the opportunity to find a shared cultural imaginary, which still resists, and for embarking on a reflection on other aspects which are apparently less obvious : the impact of the migration and urbanization processes on kinship and clan relations, or the changes to and interactions between the categories of “tradition” and “modernity”, the discourses on Indian/Hindu identity and the concept of indigeneity. Our field survey was enhanced by necessary comparative work, in which the dialogue between the places involved traced out significant coordinates in the reading of funerary rituality, by actualizing the theme of social pluralism, that of cohabitationbetween regional forms of what is considered, in today’s India, as classical Hinduism. From the cosmogonic and thanatological conceptions of the Pardhan, our study intersects with thetheme of caste-tribe relation in the contrast of urban-rural environments, as well as with the concept of “glocalization” and the re-distributions that it directs
Mantanika, Rengina-Eleni. "Le sauvage dans la ville ou l'émergence d'une sociabilité politique : négociation et reconfiguration du paysage des migrations par les exilés aux frontières d'arrivée et dans les villes portuaires en Grèce." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC098/document.
Full textThe issue raised on this thesis revolves around two central questions, which have guided the research. The first question investigates the meaning that migration takes when it becomes an issue that concerns us in our daily encounters as residents of a neighborhood, citizens of a city, nationals of a country. The second question investigates how we arrive at those moments during which the seeds of social transformation take root in political life. The research explores these questions by looking into migration processes as creative of opportunities for civic and political subjectivity in the everyday life and through the different encounters with the locals. More precisely, the thesis focuses on the various negotiations that take place in what is called "landscapes of attribution", which is related to the policies and practices of migration and the way migrants experience them through the different strategies of survival. These are negotiations between those that dictate policies and practices related to migration, the authorities and other bodies that implement these policies and practices, the migrants and the way they experience these policies on their everyday encounters with other citizens in local communities. They are also negotiations that produce proximities with local communities and create new spaces of commons. By looking into such negotiations in the Greek case, the thesis links together the two questions presented above. It does so by using tools from social geography, political science, anthropological and literary resources, and political philosophy
Prieur, Cha. "Penser les lieux queers : entre domination, violence et bienveillance. Étude à la lumière des milieux parisiens et montréalais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040192.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the geographies of sexualities and more specifically to queer geographies. It first seeks to understand how queer places are created by the many ways they are defined, though of, and organized in their rhizomatic pattern. Self-defined queer people have indeed a tendency to create places through the gathering of an array of persons who are connected by a particular relationship to gender, sexuality, as well as by the political component of the queer discourse. Focusing next on the “milieux de vie” that emerged from this loose network of places, the research looks at the systematic violence exerted against queer people in the public and private space. This phenomenon is seen and explained through a set of norms and domination patterns occurring at different levels and scales in society. Violence within the communities is finally studied. The author concludes in examining and in offering a critic of the concept of safe space, which lay the ground for the proposal of the construction of espaces bienveillants (derived from the concept of brave place). The study was conducted through participant observations, auto-ethnographic method, on-line surveys and direct conversations. Reflexivity was at the center of the field work, the author insists most notably on the emotional work researcher faces in this type of research
Tremblay, Fabien. "La "zone grise" de l'indianité : ambiguïtés et logiques identitaires chez les Métis de l'Abitibi." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18065.
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