Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minorités en milieu urbain'
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Haghighat, Chapour. "Exclusion sociale et milieu urbain aux Etats-Unis." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H070.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to examine the social crisis in urban life in the United States and the changes that have occurred during the recent years, resulting in the increase of the gap between different categories of the population and in the apparition of new social tensions. The evolution of social, economic and political conditions is analyzed and how they6 have generated since the past three decades a greater marginalization of the lower classes, especially among the ethnic minorities. In this study, different social issues - as poverty, racism, immigration and urban violence - are discussed in order to better understand the complexity of the American society
Lauter, Olga. "Renegotiation of Urban Yup’ik Traditions in Anchorage, Alaska." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASK007.
Full textThe main focus of this dissertation is everyday strategies that Alaska Native Yupiit (plural from Yup'ik) living in the city of Anchorage use to renegotiate and reinterpret their ancestral traditions. It highlights the dynamics of traditional Yup'ik lifeways in relation to urban, non-Indigenous and Indigenous cultural, social, and environmental landscapes. The city of Anchorage, where the main fieldwork research has been conducted, is considered by Indigenous peoples to be “the biggest Alaska Native village”. It continues to attract Indigenous peoples from different rural regions of the state by employment, education, and health care opportunities. The ongoing migration of Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations to Anchorage contributes to the city's diversity and ethnic complexity. At the same time, Alaska Natives remain a city's minority. My research focuses on the oscillatory rural-to-urban migration of the Yupiit as a strategy to become urban citizens, while maintaining connections with the ancestral lands and extended family networks. I contend that religious denominations (Orthodox, Moravian and Catholic) play an important role in the reproduction of the village life of urban Yup'ik and other Alaska Native residents. In the dissertation I analyze how the Yupiit have been adopting and adapting to Christianity in both rural and urban settings. I examine how the traditional naming practice related to the life-death cycle transcends Christianity, and how the Yup'ik perception of God is being renegotiated. I explore in what ways urban Yupiit stimulate and shape their churches to remain a vehicle for keeping connected during rural-to-urban transitions. In addition, the dissertation demonstrates a process of creation and transformation of secular Indigenous spaces in the city. It focuses on how the urban environment shapes Yup'ik traditional gender roles, subsistence economy and social organization. Furthermore, it illustrates how the urban environment contributes to the process of the Alaska Indigenous collective identity construction. In the context of rural-to-urban migration Alaska Native people reconceptualize urban spaces as extensions or equivalents of rural social landscapes. I examine how Yup'ik people contribute to the ruralization of the city. I explore how they internalize Anchorage on their own terms, and what strategies they use to shape urban spaces to fit their needs and expectations. At the same time, my dissertation demonstrates in what ways the city transforms the Yup'ik traditional lifeways, it describes the challenges the Yupiit face and respond to, while adjusting to the urban lifestyle
Godbout, Claudia. "Étude du choix de localisation des immigrants au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25861/25861.pdf.
Full textSpire, Amandine. "Les étrangers d'Afrique de l'Ouest à Lomé (Togo) : identification, (in)visibilité et citadinité. : réflexions au regard de la ville d'Accra (Ghana)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100112.
Full textThis thesis opens avenues of reflection on the interactions between cities and foreigners, in the West African context. It begins with a report: there are many international migrants in Lome and Accra who originate from within the ECOWAS zone of “free movement”, but they are not very visible in these cities – particularly since there are no ethnic enclaves. In spite of their lack of visibility, some West African foreign groups are paradoxically stigmatized by the host populations in times of crisis. The study of the urban societies of Lome and Accra questions the paradigm of assimilation of migrants into the city as conceived by the Chicago sociological tradition. By applying the theories of the School of Manchester and by deconstructing the model of the “rural exodus”, we shall propose a dialectical and multiscalar approach to the links between foreigners and cities. The city influences the identities of foreign migrants who, themselves, transform the spaces of the city and the “citadinité”, defined as the modes of life specific to a city (in terms of practices and representations). One of the main stakes of this thesis consists in underlining the complexity of the notion of foreigner in West African cities. The variety of international mobility, in terms of places and temporalities, has the result of mixing up the faces of foreigners in Lome and Accra. The foreigners do not belong to a single social group, any more than to a single territory. So, this research considers the visibility of foreigners’ identities in the city, both in the eyes of the city-dwellers and in those of the researcher. The foreigners’ identities to a city can be the object of a demand and a process of recognition which is conveyed by territorialities on the scale of a district, as is the case in zongos. But the marginality of certain foreign groups also contributes to the formation of foreigners’ territorialities, even if not easily visible. The presence of foreigners expresses itself not only in terms of identity, but also in terms of territory. The taking possession and the control of certain spaces by foreigners are at the heart of syncretic dynamics, characterized by the redefining of belonging to “somewhere else” in local interactions. In other words, the preservation of foreigners’ identities in the city is not based on the reproduction of identities which appear somewhere else or in other times, but seems to be the product of a differentiation and an identity creation in and of the city. It is from then on possible to exceed the territorial dimension of the changes in the city due to the presence of the foreigners: on the micro scale, places of sociability created by the foreigners entirely participate to invent the links which make the city in everyday life
Parsanoglou, Dimitrios. "Grèce, pays d'immigration : perspectives historiques et sociologiques." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0147.
Full textThis thesis is divided in three autonomous but interconnected parts. The first one, called "The history of migration in Greece", deals with the question historicity of migrant mobility in the Greek socio-historic context. After a brief presentation of the well-known history of emigration, the different types of immigration movements are examined through a temporal and thematic lens. The second part deals with new immigration to Greece, viewed in relation to real or alleged transformations of migration at a global level as well as at the level of Southern Europe. In addition, it is placed in the context of socio-economic evolution of the country, insisting on the domestic factors that lead to it. In the third part, called "Migrants in the city", the past and present of a city within the Athenian conurbation are explored through the successive migratory movements that formed and transformed its character. The new international migration and the composition of the migrant population of the city can be explained in major part by the nature and the needs of local labour market. This work concludes with a comparison between the two major migrant groups concerning employment, housing and distribution in the urban space
Guidolin, Monica. "Ethnographies et ethnohistoires des dynamiques identitaires et rituelles en Inde Centrale (Madhya Pradesh) : les interactions des Gond et des Pardhan avec le milieu hindou." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0095.
Full textMadhya Pradesh is a singular case, both because of the high number of inhabitants belongingto communities classified as tribal (ādivāsī), and because of the cultural and social variety present and which enriches the fabric of the different traditions occupying this part of the country. What remains of this great cultural fecundity, along with the historical intensity with which this “Middle Land” has been shot through for centuries, both provide a favorable setting for the socio-anthropological scenario. The comparative approach to funerary rituality amongst some Pardhan groups of Eastern Madhya Pradesh has made it possible to pursue the study by constantly switching, in a very stimulating way, between classical knowledge of royal Gond tradition and culture (Rāja Gond) on the one hand ‒ of which the Pardhan are the main witnesses and bearers — and, on the other hand, the level of penetration of Hinduization which will modify the experiences of devotion and the practices of mourning. In this respect, the study developed in a way that would be qualify as circular: from the urban context of Bhopal to the rural context of the home villages in the Mandlā and Dindori districts, the ethnological framework that has been derived was forced to come to terms with the relationship between these two sites. It is from the “funerary culture” that this research started to examine the implications of the social as it is implemented during this final “refinement” (saṃskāra). The analysis of Gond-Pardhan interrelationships in central India provided us with the opportunity to find a shared cultural imaginary, which still resists, and for embarking on a reflection on other aspects which are apparently less obvious : the impact of the migration and urbanization processes on kinship and clan relations, or the changes to and interactions between the categories of “tradition” and “modernity”, the discourses on Indian/Hindu identity and the concept of indigeneity. Our field survey was enhanced by necessary comparative work, in which the dialogue between the places involved traced out significant coordinates in the reading of funerary rituality, by actualizing the theme of social pluralism, that of cohabitationbetween regional forms of what is considered, in today’s India, as classical Hinduism. From the cosmogonic and thanatological conceptions of the Pardhan, our study intersects with thetheme of caste-tribe relation in the contrast of urban-rural environments, as well as with the concept of “glocalization” and the re-distributions that it directs
Lucas, Françoise. "Diversité microbienne en milieu aquatique urbain." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676527.
Full textParis, de Bollardiere Hervé. "Les Gens du bord : Pour une sociologie des pratiques soucieuse de l'histoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES024.
Full textThis thesis discusses the relationship between the dynamics of social transformation of communities of experience and the dynamics of subjectivation in the course of militant, civic or urban action, of actors emerging in different circumstances, and who try to influence their context of action.How the action of the actor engaged in a process of subjectivation to the encounter of the other makes return to his world or environment, and also to that of the other? Everything here is about borders and limits, history and memory in action. This thesis explore the work of the “les gens du bord”, passers of bright memory, passers of material and symbolic borders, throught various field materials and situations.Three types of experience with high socio-historical stakes are intrigued: that of the generations heirs of North African immigration from lower-income neighborhoods; that of anti-war activists in the former Yugoslavia; that of Roma migrants in France and that of a Romanian Rumanian activist movement.Rather than a comparative approach, it is a matter of decentering by working on their critical potential.The narrative path of this research on each of the experiences explored combines intrigue of the city and intrigue of social transformation. The decentering makes it possible to revisit the terms of the citadinity-citizenship-nationality relationship in the various fields.It is by borrowing from both urban sociology and an anthropology of the subject inspired by hermeneutics that we attempt here the experience of a sociology of practices concerned with the history, whose horizon would be to think an ecology of practices and not only an ecology of social groups
Venturelli, Suzete. "Intervention de l'artiste plasticien en milieu urbain." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010549.
Full textKacem, Abbes. "Auralisation des transports ferroviaires en milieu urbain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT049.
Full textRailway transportation represents an important source of noise pollution in urban areas. Both the development of new infrastructures and the increase in traffic raise the number of people impacted. As a result, reduction of railway traffic noise remains an active research field. The work carried out on the subject has been mainly focused on the estimation of sound levels. Theoretical and empirical models have been proposed to accurately predict railway noise levels. However, averaged sound pressure levels may be difficult to translate in terms of perceived noise annoyance, due to the complexity of the involved phenomena. One way to assess perceived noise annoyance is to synthesize and render the time domain pressure signal perceived by a listener. Noise annoyance is then evaluated perceptually through listening tests. This approach is called auralization.The goal of this thesis is to develop auralization methods for acoustic emissions from railway vehicles in urban environments. Railway noise is radiated from many individual sources. In urban areas, the railway noise mainly consists of rolling and traction noise. This thesis focuses specifically on the audio synthesis of these sources.In order to assess different types of wheels and rails, the auralization method of the rolling noise is based on a physical model whose parameters may be varied. In this approach, the excitation of the wheel/rail system is modeled in the time domain. Three sound synthesis modules are proposed for the acoustic emission signals of the rail, wheel and sleepers. Each module accounts for the excitation force of the wheel/rail system. Comparisons of simulated pass-by noise levels with measured data show a good agreement with differences smaller than 2 dB(A) in terms of A-weighted sound pressure levels. The approach is also evaluated trough listening tests. It is shown that when properly configured, the proposed model yields very realistic sounds.Noise from the traction system components is auralized using a granular synthesis technique. The technique, previously developed for road traffic engine noise, is adapted to railway vehicle noise. It is shown to accurately synthesize the acoustic emissions of these components
Garoscio, Anthony. "Représentations sociales de l'insécurité en milieu urbain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10102.
Full textVenturelli, Suzete. "Intervention de l'artiste plasticien en milieu urbain." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619063n.
Full textLabridy, Lorène Bulot Thierry. "Les flux de langues en milieu urbain." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404737/fr.
Full textDesrousseaux, Thomas. "Les bandes organisées en milieu urbain aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020024.
Full textSince the attempts of the World Trade Center, it does not happen one day that the media tell the exploits of the various organized strips existing in the World. Suffering from an absence of wide definition because of their variety, the notion of gangs arouses a serious study. Indeed, resting on a selective, constant and definitive membership, summarized by the formula "blood in, blood out", the disregard of rules workbenches by the strip is punished by the death. Exercising its domination in the street, the gang does not hesitate to use the violence and exercises their criminal activities while arming itself to be respected. This phenomenon, so dangerous and very present at the beginning in North America, tends to extend very quickly in the other countries to affect then a world character. To fight against these strips, the most affected States were brought to react by setting up new methods of fight and by getting organized at the multilateral level. Dividing into two parts, this thesis shows, in a first part, how the presence of gangs became a social problem and in a second part, state reactions in the fight against the organized strips
De, Bort Inès. "Mesure et simulation acoustiques en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PAUU3037.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a method to guide the acoustic design process at different scales, from a classroom to an entire city. For this purpose, we have developed a raytracing method designed to track the multiple reflections of sound in complex 3D scenes.In room acoustics, the two most usual challenges are to determine the ideal layout for a given amount of acoustic absorber, and to orient reflective panels in excessively reverberant rooms. Traditionally, acoustic parameters (sound level, reverberation time, clarity) have been used to detect areas of the audience where acoustic comfort is not guaranteed. However, they do not systematically identify which areas of the stage need to be modified. For the first application, we propose a panoramic image that synthesizes the arrival directions of multiple reflections, on all the receivers that make up the audience. This graphic is used to find the ideal location for absorbent panels in a classroom, and to improve the shape of an acoustic false ceiling inside a chapel. The results show significant improvements in clarity values in both cases. In the classroom, the result was verified by measurement in the presence of a live audience. In the chapel, another graphic based on the same principle was used to study the acoustic envelopment effect (lateral energy).In urban environments, noise pollution has considerable impact on the comfort and health of residents. In addition to the presence of numerous noise sources, multiple reflections between building facades contribute to increasing ambient noise levels. For the second application, we propose to treat the design of a city like that of a concert hall, by studying the role of the buildings' shape on the propagation of sound reflections. Here, we invert the panoramic graph proposed in the first application to represent the multiplicity not of receivers, but of sound sources. The result can then be compared with field measurements taken with an acoustic camera. The study will examine Pasaia, a small port town in the Spanish Basque Country, which features a variety of urban patterns: a historic center, tall towers, a harbor, narrow pedestrian streets and major roadways. Acoustic camera measurements and raytracing simulation revealed three distinctive urban configurations. Based on these findings, the simulation is used to propose different scenarios for modifying the shape of the city in order to reduce noise levels on the most exposed facades.Raytracing simulation and spatial representation of multiple reflections, either on multiple receivers or from multiple sources, provide guidance for the shape and material design, regardless of the geometry of the scene and contribute to the multidisciplinary approach of Urban Physics
Gräbener, Tristram. "Calcul d'itinéraire multimodal et multiobjectif en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553335.
Full textGaulin, David. "Caractérisation physique des sources sonores en milieu urbain." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1025.pdf.
Full textToday, a growing request concerning tools for allowing sound level predictions during the construction of new urban infrastructures is observed. Some of them exist, but physical phenomena taken into account have to be still improved. This is the aim of these researches, widely based on experimental approach. Due to their various physical characteristics, all the sound sources cannot be represented by the same theoretical model. They are splited in two groups : mechanical sources and human sources. In both group, each sound source cannot be individually modelled. That is why a classification is established. It is particularly the case for the mechanical sources which are distributed in four categories. This classification has been compared with those existing in some national methods. Similar results have been found. In a first step, road vehicles circulating at steady speeds, upper than 80 km/h where tyre/road noise is dominant, are modelled by omnidirectional point sources, the equivalen source heights of which have to be determined. A method based on an inverse fitting procedure performed on experimental excess attenuation results between two receivers has been implemented. Before this, the procedure was validated using an artificial pink noise sound source located at various positions. The equivalent source has always been found very close to the pavement surface which is confirmed by a study from INRETS. Sound power level can be obtained afterwards. This procedure has been applied to passenger cars, mopeds and motorcycles for urban traffic conditions including acceleration and deceleration phases. The speed ranges between 30 and 70 km/h. Sound power level predictions, for each third octave band, have been determined with a good accuracy. Concerning human sources, for which research results are rare in existing literature, two experimental campaigns allowed to test a method simulating groups of people by several omnidirectional point sources, each of them with their adequate location and sound power level spectrum. This method has been applied to school playgrounds and to a market place. Even if in the future, other types of sound sources have to be studied, these physical characteristics can already be introduced in the theoretical sound propagation model for urban areas
Hascoët, Nicolas. "Méthodes pour l'interprétation automatique d'images en milieu urbain." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0004/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study for an automatic interpretation of urban images. We propose an application for the retrieval of different landmarks in images representing complex scenes. The main issue here is to differentiate the local information extracted from the key-points of the desired building from all the points extracted within the entire image. Indeed, an urban area image is specific by the public nature of the scene depicted. The object sought to be identified is fused within various other objects that can interfere. First of all, we present a state of the art about image recognition and retrieval methods focusing on local points of interest. Databases that can be used during the phases of experimentation are also exposed in a second chapter. We finally retain the Bag of Words modèle applied to local SIFT descriptors. In a second part, we propose a local data classification approach involving the Support Vector Machine model. The interest shown with this proposed approach is the low number of data required during the training phase of the models. Different training and classification strategies are also discussed. A third step suggests the addition of a geometric correction on the classification obtained previously. We thus obtain a classification not only for the local information but also for the visual information allowing thereby a geometric consistency of the points of interest. Finally, a last chapter presents the experimental results obtained, in particular involving images of buildings in Paris and Oxford
Hascoët, Nicolas. "Méthodes pour l'interprétation automatique d'images en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0004.
Full textThis thesis presents a study for an automatic interpretation of urban images. We propose an application for the retrieval of different landmarks in images representing complex scenes. The main issue here is to differentiate the local information extracted from the key-points of the desired building from all the points extracted within the entire image. Indeed, an urban area image is specific by the public nature of the scene depicted. The object sought to be identified is fused within various other objects that can interfere. First of all, we present a state of the art about image recognition and retrieval methods focusing on local points of interest. Databases that can be used during the phases of experimentation are also exposed in a second chapter. We finally retain the Bag of Words modèle applied to local SIFT descriptors. In a second part, we propose a local data classification approach involving the Support Vector Machine model. The interest shown with this proposed approach is the low number of data required during the training phase of the models. Different training and classification strategies are also discussed. A third step suggests the addition of a geometric correction on the classification obtained previously. We thus obtain a classification not only for the local information but also for the visual information allowing thereby a geometric consistency of the points of interest. Finally, a last chapter presents the experimental results obtained, in particular involving images of buildings in Paris and Oxford
Tison, Céline. "Interférométrie RSO à haute résolution en milieu urbain : application au calcul de MNS urbain." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000999.
Full textTison, Céline. "Interférométrie RSO à haute résolution en milieu urbain : application au calcul de MNS urbain /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39935186t.
Full textMadec, Annick. "Chronique familiale en quartier impopulaire." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081171.
Full textAs an outcome of a four years long fieldwork in a deprived urban area this thesis comes in the form of a family chronicle. It is therefore a collection of historical facts, reported in the order of their succession following the story of the research, as well as the story of the family. The theoretical frame is the question of poverty, rooted in the history and sociology of lower classes. The methodological frame is the meeting between singular individuals involved into a singular and daily story. The biographical narrative of the mother allows the analysis, based on observations, of her commitment for a better life in the community and more widely against collective oppression. Those of the daughters and of their male partners allows to deal with the questions of the beginning of conjugal and family life, of relationships between men and women of desires for a normal life. In conclusion the thesis considers, starting from norbert elias' works, the theoretical and political consequences of the spreading of individualism withing the lower classes
Omrani, Mehrazin. "Contribution à l'étude des éléments du groupe du platine en milieu urbain et péri-urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0054/document.
Full textPlatinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) (platinum-group elements; PGEs),are used in automotive catalytic converters to remove harmful emissions from exhaust gas. Nevertheless, nowadays, the PGEs are emerging as new environmental emission contaminators due to their increasing use. The goal of this research is to study the distribution of PGEs from the source (i.e. automotive catalytic converters and exhaust gas) to the environmental samples (i.e. atmospheric particles, road dust,storm water, pond sediments, and road-side soil). The mobility of PGEs from the converters in contact with run off water and natural complexing agents were studied. Also, the speciation of PGEs was investigated in road dust and pond sediments. Comparison of PGE contents in different catalysts confirms the replacement of Pt by Pd in more recent converters. Besides, the relative abundance of PGEs in environmental samples shows higher concentration of Pd compared toPt and Rh (i.e. Pd>Pt>Rh). The results of testing PGEs mobilization in catalytic converters demonstrate more significant mobilization by organic molecules as compared to run off water. Our results also show the dependency of PGEs mobilization on pH and on catalyst age. Among the PGEs, Rh was the most mobilized element in catalytic converters. More importantly, the speciation test shows that while PGEs are low mobile elements, in the mobilizable fraction, PGEs are in the organic fraction
Basly, Ludovic. "Télédétection pour la qualité de l'air en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006291.
Full textMenerault, Philippe. "RESEAUX DE TRANSPORTS ET SOLIDARITES TERRITORIALES EN MILIEU URBAIN." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345150.
Full textLaurent, Amélie. "Evaluation du potentiel archéologique du sol en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00214256.
Full textLa thèse vise à répondre aux questions historiques concernant les villes par l'évaluation du potentiel informatif des données disponibles aux archéologues. Elle consiste à appréhender les modalités de formation de l'espace urbain et des composantes socio-spatiales à travers les caractéristiques du sol urbain produit par les activités humaines. Les analyses ont porté notamment sur l'estimation de l'épaisseur du volume de sol urbain et son découpage en tranches fonctionnelles distinctes pour la ville de Tours et des sites de comparaison.
Le croisement de la vision de l'archéologue et de celle du géotechnicien permet de proposer des modèles sur la production de stratification (carte des épaisseurs du dépôt archéologique) et des méthodes pour modéliser l'hétérogénéité du dépôt. Les résultats révèlent qu'un maillage théorique de 100 mètres est satisfaisant pour saisir les variations de l'épaisseur du dépôt. Dans la dimension verticale, l'échelle d'analyse adaptée à la distinction de zones dite « homogènes » est de l'ordre de 10 – 25 cm.
A l'échelle d'un site, un référentiel archéologico-mécanique a été établi pour des sites de Tours et de Lyon. L'étude démontre que l'emploi du pénétromètre PANDA est en mesure d'améliorer la caractérisation du dépôt archéologique. L'élaboration d'un référentiel commun à un ensemble de sites est un enjeu à moyen terme, qui permettra la valorisation de ces avancées.
Viauroux, Christelle. "Essais sur la demande de transport en milieu urbain." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10036.
Full textThe first part deals with a theorical model of transportation demand. In the second, a methodology is developed to analyse the relation between urban transport and pollution. The third part introduces incomplete information theory to build a transportation demand model in which congestion externalities influence transportation individual preferences
Sedrati, Ammar. "Étude statistique de la propagation radiomobile en milieu urbain." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112222.
Full textThe phenomenon of urban radio propagation, between a fixed transmitter and a mobile receiver suggests to represent a received power at a given point by a random variable. It can be split into the product of the three independent variables: an average power, a Rayleigh random variable representing fast fluctuations due to urban multipath, and finally a log-normal random variable which represents slow variations due to the obstacle effect. The idea developed in this thesis consists in representing received power in different places at different times of the given area by a multiparameter stochastic process. The average power is closely connected with different factors susceptible of representing degree of urbanization. From our study, it has appeared that the percentage of area occupied by buildings higher than twelve meters has the most important influence on propagation
OLIVIER, DONADIEU SYLVIE. "Medicalisation du secours en milieu vertical urbain et industriel." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20020.
Full textMarcelin, Huberte. "Famille et comportement matrimonial juvénile en milieu urbain congolais." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0021.
Full textAl though there are few numbers of civilian and religious matrimony and non-instituional cohabitation forms are gathering momentum, the high consideration of young people living in urban areas of congo for marriage makes it impossible to envision a crisis of this institution. Their matrimonial behaviour appears to be totally driven by family pressures and traditional schemes, evidencing the fact that family in congo is noy not likely to adopt western models soon, even in urban areas
Ménerault, Philippe. "Reseaux de transports et solidarites territoriales en milieu urbain." Paris 12, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345150.
Full textThis research focuses on interlocal relationships in public transport and road networks in urban areas. The processes consist in studying how a society, defines, produces and uses a jurisdiction, support of urban transport networks control. A preliminary reflection is proposed on the significance of network and territory, precising the frame of this research. The explanation proposed are based on: a) the involvment of actors disposing of distinct territorial ressources in the two networks: the private enterprises use an expansive logic of network encouraging communal cooperation for public transport; the "territorial subdivision of public works department" having their own local rooting, leave interlocal agreement facultative for road administration. B) different network features: public transport clearly appears as a public utility network while road status is ambivalent. Also, its administration relies on patrimonial behaviour encouraging a withdrawal on municipal structures
Sedrati, Ammar. "Etude statistique de la propagation radiomobile en milieu urbain." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609854p.
Full textPerrin, Emmanuel Lasserre Jean-Claude. "L'automobile en milieu urbain : genèse et dynamiques d'un territoire." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/perrin_e.
Full textOberoi, Kamaldeep Singh. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle du trafic routier en milieu urbain." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR075/document.
Full textFor past several decades, researchers have been interested in understanding traffic evolution, hence, have proposed various traffic models to identify bottleneck locations where traffic congestion occurs, to detect traffic patterns, to predict traffic states etc. Most of the existing models consider traffic as many-particle system, describe it using different scales of representation and explain its evolution quantitatively by deducing relations between traffic variables like flow, density and speed. Such models are mainly focused on computing precise information about traffic using acquired traffic data. However, computation of such precise information requires more processing resources. A way to remedy this problem is to consider traffic evolution in qualitative terms which reduces the required number of processing resources. Since traffic is spatio-temporal in nature, the models which deal with spatio-temporal phenomenon can be applied in case of traffic. Such models represent spatio-temporal phenomenon from qualitative as well as quantitative standpoints. Depending on the intended application, some models are able to differentiate between various entities taking part in the phenomenon, which proves useful in case of traffic since different objects like vehicles, buildings, pedestrians, bicycles etc., directly affecting traffic evolution, can be included in traffic models. Qualitative spatio-temporal models consider the effects of different entities on each other in terms of spatial relations between them and spatio-temporal evolution of the modeled phenomenon is described in terms of variation in such relations over time. Considering different traffic constituents and spatial relations between them leads to the formation of a structure which can be abstracted using graph, whose nodes represent individual constituents and edges represent the corresponding spatial relations. As a result, the evolution of traffic, represented using graph, is described in terms of evolution of the graph itself, i. e. change in graph structure and attributes of nodes and edges, with time. In this thesis, we propose such a graph model to represent traffic. As mentioned above, one of the applications of existing traffic models is in detecting traffic patterns. However, since such models consider traffic quantitatively, in terms of acquired traffic data, the patterns detected using such models are statistical (a term employed by Pattern Recognition researchers) in the sense that they are represented using numerical description. Since graph-based traffic model proposed in this thesis represents the structure of traffic, it can be employed to redefine the meaning of traffic patterns from statistical to structural (also a term from Pattern Recognition community). Structural traffic patterns include different traffic constituents and their inter-links and are represented using time-varying graphs. An algorithm to detect a given structural traffic pattern in the spatio-temporal graph representing traffic is proposed in this thesis. It formalizes this problem as subgraph isomorphism for time-varying graphs. In the end, the performance of the algorithm is tested using various graph parameters
Depau, Giovanni. "Analyse du répertoire bilingue sarde-italien en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39062.
Full textDepau, Giovanni. "Analyse du répertoire bilingue sarde-italien en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Grenoble 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758230.
Full textMantanika, Rengina-Eleni. "Le sauvage dans la ville ou l'émergence d'une sociabilité politique : négociation et reconfiguration du paysage des migrations par les exilés aux frontières d'arrivée et dans les villes portuaires en Grèce." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC098/document.
Full textThe issue raised on this thesis revolves around two central questions, which have guided the research. The first question investigates the meaning that migration takes when it becomes an issue that concerns us in our daily encounters as residents of a neighborhood, citizens of a city, nationals of a country. The second question investigates how we arrive at those moments during which the seeds of social transformation take root in political life. The research explores these questions by looking into migration processes as creative of opportunities for civic and political subjectivity in the everyday life and through the different encounters with the locals. More precisely, the thesis focuses on the various negotiations that take place in what is called "landscapes of attribution", which is related to the policies and practices of migration and the way migrants experience them through the different strategies of survival. These are negotiations between those that dictate policies and practices related to migration, the authorities and other bodies that implement these policies and practices, the migrants and the way they experience these policies on their everyday encounters with other citizens in local communities. They are also negotiations that produce proximities with local communities and create new spaces of commons. By looking into such negotiations in the Greek case, the thesis links together the two questions presented above. It does so by using tools from social geography, political science, anthropological and literary resources, and political philosophy
Taillandier, Franck. "Reconstruction de bâti en milieu urbain : une approche multi-vues." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000927.
Full textNiang, Pape Momar. "La mendicité des élèves coraniques en milieu urbain au Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20082.
Full textHistorically, Senegalese Quranic schools (Daaras) are predominantly rural. Environmental degradation and the collapse of agricultural policies have impoverished the peasant world and caused the schools to move to the cities. Ideologically, a parent entrusts his child, the student (Talibé) to a Koranic teacher (Marabout). The latter has unconditional authority over the child who must live humbly and submit to harsh discipline. This koranic interpretation added to the value of the alms (Zakât) legitimizes the begging of the Talibés. It becomes very urban from the discovery by the Koranic teachers of a supply of urban monetary alms. This market of urban alms, religious gift, offering, sacrifice, results from a large offer of alms from townspeople to monetarized social relations; and to religiosities including more broadly the dimension of the material gift. The thesis explores this market dimension of the gift. It is based on the assumption that the begging of the Talibés results from this offer of alms to which a demand has been adjusted. We retrace a migratory process superimposing 4 logical: A symbolic and intangible gift 1, that a parent gives his child to a Koranic teacher; a material and temporary gift 2, in the form of a land loan, which connects a donor who owns land in the city of a house under construction or a piece of land, and a Quranic master who has made a home in search of accommodation for his Talibés; a material donation 3, where city dwellers take care of the primary needs of children. And finally a purely monetary gift 4, where by the obligation of the child to bring a sum of money daily to the Quranic master (Sass), the Marabout designates him as intermediary-beggar. This last logic crystallizes much more the stakes of infant begging. A second system of institutional donation is superimposed on this first, religious. It is the mobilization of means by the civil society and the State, to eradicate the problem. This parallel market of humanitarian aid, beyond considerations of the many concrete aid actions it produces, can also sometimes be co-constructed with the market of religious alms. This is where a donation 5 comes which is international aid to the organizations fighting against this begging; and a gift 6 constituted by the help of these agencies to Koranic schools. By analyzing a model of the dismantling of Koranic schools by these organizations that finance a return to agriculture of Koranic masters for example, we realize very quickly that the gift 6 can pervert the gift 1 initially disinterested materially, a parent who entrusts his child symbolically: a dimension of trafficking and exploitation of children tends to supplant the educational one. This research was conducted in four towns and six villages between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau. A questionnaire survey was conducted among begging children; the qualitative approach was favored for rural actors and adult respondents. The thesis shows globally that the non-resolution of the problem results from different strategies of the actors concerned who tend to feed it (voluntarily and involuntarily) and maintain two systems of donation that self-regulate. This systemic analysis seems much more relevant than the linear causal ones, which reduce the phenomenon of several of its immersed dimensions: A gender and demographic given the condition of the rural woman and the high birth rates; an agricultural and environmental crisis that imposes group survival logics; as well as a reluctance of the state to eradicate the problem, between international injunctions, budget impotence and electoral considerations vis-à-vis the Muslim powers
Adam, Ahmat. "Organisations familiales et travail des femmes en milieu urbain centrafricain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55448.pdf.
Full textAfif, Charbel. "L'acide nitreux atmosphérique : implications dans la chimie en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944178.
Full textGasperi, Johnny. "Contaminants organiques en milieu urbain et dans les hydrosystèmes anthropisés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071199.
Full textMBIZI, BANDOKI ANTOINE. "La representation de la famille en milieu urbain kongo matrilineaire." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100141.
Full textKhizioua, Amal. "Le conte et sa transmission en milieu urbain au maroc." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070093.
Full textMuratet, Audrey. "Diversité végétale en milieu urbain : l'exemple des Hauts-de-Seine." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066206.
Full textMaurel, Noëlie. "De l'introduction à l'invasion : les plantes exotiques en milieu urbain." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0019.
Full textMy PhD thesis deals with invasion patterns and processes in urban areas, which have been poorly investigated so far. After describing the spatial distribution of exotic plants and invasive plants in Île-de-France, I present the two main axes of my research. First, I focused on Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt. ) in urban wastelands to measure the impacts of an invasive species on urban flora and to assess the mechanisms promoting its invasion, through a Japan/France cross-continental study. Then, I examined the distribution and dynamics of the spontaneous flora around the basis of street trees in Paris. This framework was also an opportunity to carry on an interdisciplinary research (ecology/ethnology) regarding gardening practices at the basis of some street trees. Finally, my results as a whole led me to question the place of exotic species in urban nature and their position in the relationship between humans and nature in cities
Buonanno, Fiorangelo. "Le milieu urbain dans la littérature italienne de la migration." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3036.
Full textE theme of the urban environment in Italian literature of migration is one of the most significant and, paradoxically, one of the most neglected by the specialists of Italian literature of migration. This volume, after having questioned several theoretical problems such as the definition of this literary phenomenon, overcomes an intercultural approach to the study of these works by achieving new interpretations that could bring to the forefront the latent ideology of the examined authors. Then, by examining the criteria for a successful analysis of the urban environment in Italian literature of migration, this thesis reveals new problems such as those related to the different categories of perception of the city and a number of strategies of appropriation of places developed by migrant characters, as well as a number of stylistic techniques that were defined as "rhetoric of difference". The urban routes of the characters created by some of the most relevant migrant writers appear as an attempt to rediscover the urban memory. In this resemantisation, there is sometimes the tendency of certain authors to build urban myths with the objective of presenting a particular view of the world: this investigation analyses the stylistic techniques related to these myths, trying to make emerge their limits
Khizioua, Amal. "Le Conte et sa transmission en milieu urbain au Maroc." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606571q.
Full textAfif, Charbel Perros Pascal E. "L'acide nitreux atmosphérique implications dans la chimie en milieu urbain /." S. l. : S. l. : S. n. ; S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0411767.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Guilbaud, Sarah. "Etude du vieillissement des aérosols inorganiques industriels en milieu urbain." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0524/document.
Full textDuring their transport in the atmosphere, aerosols are subject, for example, to aggregation and condensation processes on their surfaces. These processes, so-called aging, depend on particle residence time in the atmosphere, meteorological conditions and chemical environment. This study aims to characterize inorganic aerosols and to highlight their physico-chemical evolution on a few tens of thousands meters, from an industrial area to the urban environment of Dunkirk (Northern France), in which PM₁₀ concentrations are quite important. It notably includes reporting on the evolution of primary particles during the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. First, a new analytical methodology of inorganic aerosols, at low temperature, with cryo-electronic microscopy (cryo-TSEM-EDX) has been developed. Our goal was to characterize the mixing state of secondary atmospheric components (semi-volatile components) with primary aerosols. These analytical developments have been realized with model particles, before validation on real atmospheric particles. In a second time, the study of physico-chemical processes involved in the aging of industrial inorganic aerosols has been undertaken through an intensive field campaign. The objective is to describe the particles evolution between the industrial zone and receptor sites located in the suburb of Dunkirk. Our main results show that Fe-rich particles (Fe oxides), released in the atmosphere by steelworks, incorporate particulate organic matter in a few kilometers, between the source and receptor sites. In addition, the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), not present at the source, has been evidenced. Clearly, these SIA have been formed during the transport of air masses over the urban area