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Journal articles on the topic 'Minority community members'
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Graham, Carrie, and Winston Tseng. "BARRIERS TO VILLAGE MEMBERSHIP AMONG MINORITY SENIORS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.840.
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Abstract Villages are a relatively new consumer-driven model that promotes aging in place for community-dwelling seniors. Villages promote social engagement, civic engagement, member-to-member-support, and collectively bargain for services of their members. Members report improved social support and more confidence aging in their own homes. Currently, there are over 200 operational villages nationwide and the model is proliferating rapidly. Most Villages members are white, well-educated, and well resourced. Researchers at UC Berkeley conducted 6 focus groups with Latino, African American and Asian seniors (N=58) who have not joined Villages in their regions. Focus group findings describe a lack of awareness of the Village model among underrepresented groups; and barriers to membership including the cost of membership, lack of language inclusion, and lack of diversity. The national anti-immigrant discourse emerged as a barrier to membership for non-white seniors. Participants describe how Villages could make programmatic changes to attract a more diverse membership.
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Johnson, Serena, Lissa Stapleton, and Bryan Berrett. "Deaf Community Cultural Wealth in Community College Students." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 25, no. 4 (2020): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa016.
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Abstract Deaf students are members of a linguistic and cultural minority whose background and experiences provide a unique backdrop for the navigation of higher education. Using the framework of Deaf community cultural wealth, this study examines the experiences of Deaf students in community college and their utilization of various forms of capital. Findings showed that they exhibited instances of resistant, navigational, social, and familial capital in accessing and persisting in higher education.
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Litvak Hirsch, Tal, Alon Lazar, and Kamal Abu Hadubah. "Pedagogical dilemmas among Bedouin-Palestinian peace educators in Israel." Journal for Multicultural Education 13, no. 3 (2019): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-03-2019-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to learn how minority peace educators grapple with dilemmas related to their involvement in peace programs. Design/methodology/approach A total of 15 male teachers, members of the minority Bedouin community in Israel, all peace educators, provided their reactions to three dilemmas, addressing various facets of the strained relations of their community with the Jewish-Israeli majority, as influenced by the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Findings The responses to these dilemmas suggest that when it comes to questions of the identity of these teachers as members of a marginalized community, their responses considerably diverge. This is not the case when it comes to their identity as peace educators. Originality/value This suggests that if the aim is to bring peace educators, members of minority groups in conflict zones, to harness their potential to bring about positive change, their peace activist identities must be strengthened.
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Barton, Ellen, Luke Thominet, Ruth Boeder, and Sarah Primeau. "Do Community Members Have an Effective Voice in the Ethical Deliberation of a Behavioral Institutional Review Board?" Journal of Business and Technical Communication 32, no. 2 (2018): 154–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651917746460.
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Using concepts and methods from technical and professional communication and linguistics, the authors conducted an observational study of the voice of community members (CMs) in the deliberation of a behavioral institutional review board (IRB). In the discourse of deliberation, they found that CMs had an effective voice in constructing the compliance of individual research protocols under IRB review. But they also found that CMs had an ineffective voice in representing their African-American community, particularly in their efforts to advocate for more consideration of minority research sites and subjects and a fuller consideration of minority community attitudes.
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Díez, Javier, Suzanne Gatt, and Sandra Racionero. "Placing Immigrant and Minority Family and Community Members at the School's Centre: the role of community participation." European Journal of Education 46, no. 2 (2011): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2011.01474.x.
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Noël, Polly Hitchcock, Chen-Pin Wang, Erin P. Finley, et al. "Provider-Related Linkages Between Primary Care Clinics and Community-Based Senior Centers Associated With Diabetes-Related Outcomes." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 6 (2018): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464818782853.
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The Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggests that linkages between primary care practices and community-based resources can improve health in lower income and minority patients, but examples of these are rare. We conducted a prospective, mixed-methods observational study to identify indicators of primary care–community linkage associated with the frequency of visits to community-based senior centers and improvements in diabetes-related outcomes among 149 new senior center members (72% Hispanic). We used semistructured interviews at baseline and 9-month follow-up, obtaining visit frequency from member software and clinical assessments including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from colocated primary care clinics. Members’ discussion of their activities with their primary care providers (PCPs) was associated with increased visits to the senior centers, as well as diabetes-related improvements. Direct feedback from the senior centers to their PCPs was desired by the majority of members and may help to reinforce use of community resources for self-management support.
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Luz, Nimrod. "The Politics of Sacred Places: Palestinian Identity, Collective Memory, and Resistance in the Hassan Bek Mosque Conflict." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26, no. 6 (2008): 1036–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d2508.
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Geographers dealing with religion have pointed to the process of conflict and contestation involved in the production of sacred sites. This paper explores the conflict over a sacred site in the formulation of a minority identity through transformation of the place into a nexus of resistance and collective memory formation. I argue that under hegemonic secularizing states and within the context of ethnonational conflicts minority groups mobilize and articulate a dynamic meaning of sacred sites which allows an elaborate politics of identity. Further, in the context of their national struggle, members of the community emphasize different aspects of the sacred. In the context of the national struggle (and for the duration of the conflict), minority members enhance inclusive nationalistic (Palestinian in this particular case) identity; however, while in a community context they emphasize the religious (Islamic) meaning of the place. Particularly, I examine the dynamic nature of interpreting and constructing the sacred through the analysis of the restoration project of the Hassan Bek mosque by the Arab-Palestinian community of Jaffa, Israel.
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Williams, Linda Stewart. "AIDS Risk Reduction: A Community Health Education Intervention for Minority High Risk Group Members." Health Education Quarterly 13, no. 4 (1986): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019818601300411.
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Brown, Angela Khristin. "The Greatest Defender of Truth shall Remain in the eye of a Poet." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 4, no. 1 (2014): 306–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v4i1.2110.
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Blommaert, Jan, and Jef Verschueren. "The pragmatics of minority politics in Belgium." Language in Society 20, no. 4 (1991): 503–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500016705.
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ABSTRACTNewspaper reports, political policy papers, and investigations by social scientists concerning issues related to the presence of a community of migrant workers in Belgium are subjected to a systematic, pragmatic analysis. The analysis reveals an eminently coherent world of beliefs and attitudes with respect to (1) perceptions of the “other,” (2) the self-perception of majority members, (3) formulations of “the problem,” and (4) proposed solutions. This world of beliefs and attitudes is shown to be centered around stable – even if vague – notions of culture, nation and state, democracy and human rights, and around related recipes for “integration” that reveal a collective psyche profoundly troubled by the very idea of diversity in society (linguistic or otherwise). Homogeneity appears to be a strict norm for average members of Belgian society, irrespective of the specific political positions they take. (Minority politics, language and ideology, pragmatics, political rhetoric, news reporting, ethnicity)
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McCaskill-Stevens, Worta, Martha M. McKinney, Cynthia G. Whitman, and Lori M. Minasian. "Increasing Minority Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials: The Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Program Experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 22 (2005): 5247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.22.236.
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Purpose The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Program (MBCCOP) seeks to enhance minority participation in cancer clinical trials by building clinical trials outreach and management capacity in healthcare institutions serving large numbers of minority cancer patients. This article examines temporal trends in MBCCOP accruals to cancer prevention and control (CP/C) and cancer treatment trials and the racial distribution of study participants, along with the major factors affecting minority enrollment. Methods We used NCI databases to analyze temporal trends in overall accruals and accruals by race. We analyzed transcripts from an NCI-sponsored meeting with MBCCOP principal investigators and data from a follow-up survey to identify factors affecting minority enrollment. Results Between 1992 and 2003, annual patient accruals to treatment trials increased 39% despite little change in the number of MBCCOP grantees. During this same period, annual participant accruals to CP/C trials more than doubled. Between 1995 and 2003, minorities comprised 51% to 67% of the MBCCOP patients accrued to cooperative group treatment trials compared with ≤ 23% of the patients accrued by other cooperative group members and affiliates. Major factors affecting minority enrollment include the availability of “clinically relevant” protocols, regulatory requirements, characteristics of the patient population, and the level of support from sponsoring institutions and community physicians. Conclusion MBCCOPs have demonstrated their ability to facilitate the participation of racial/ethnic minorities in clinical trials. However, the contributions that they could make to the design and conduct of minority-focused research studies merit further exploration.
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Neziri, Senad. "Grammatical Influences (Morphological) of Albanian Language in the Languages of Minorities in the Region of Prizren." Journal of Educational and Social Research 8, no. 3 (2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2018-0031.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to prove the presence of calques (loan translation) of Albanian language in the languages of minorities (Gorani community, Bosnian community) in the region of Prizren. We will make an effort to provide evidence for the role of Albanian as a donor language through daily contacts with the members of the above-mentioned communities. The corpus of this study will be the edited volume of songs and folk tales from minority areas, respectively from the population of Gorani and Bosnian ethnicity and their dialects. The research will be focused in minority areas in the municipality of Dragash (Sharr) where Gorani people live, as well as in other areas of minority language speakers, mainly in Zhupa, in the municipality of Prizren. The paper will be important in enlightening the facts of using the structure of Albanian, both in the spoken language of the minority community and that of Albanian community. The cases where certain elements of Albanian language are encountered in another language, where Albanian appears as a donor language, will be considered as important. The reason which has pushed us to conduct the research regarding the presence of Albanian elements, basically morphological, in a non-Albanian speaking community in Kosovar society, respectively in the multi-ethnic society of Prizren, is the way of speaking of this minority community and the confirmation of the impact of Albanian language and ethno-culture on this minority language since ancient times to the present.
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Munifah, Siti. "SOLIDARITAS KELOMPOK MINORITAS DALAM MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Kelompok Waria Di Pondok Pesantren Waria Al Fatah Yogyakarta)." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 11, no. 1 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2017.1101-07.
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In a society, based on the size of the members there are two social groups namely the majority and minority groups. Majority groups are the largest part of a society. In contrast, minority groups are the smallest part of a society. In everyday life, minority groups do not often get their rights like majority groups in general. To obtain these rights, minority social groups often form a group or community to achieve desired goals. With strong Solidarity within a group, together they (minority groups) can fight for their rights and face an external threat (conflict). Through this article, the author will give an idea how solidarity of a minority group (waria) in facing conflict especially transvestites that exist in the boarding school of Islamic transvestites Fatah Yogyakarta.Keywords: solidarity, minority, transgender, transvestite pesantren.
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Munifah, Siti. "SOLIDARITAS KELOMPOK MINORITAS DALAM MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Kelompok Waria Di Pondok Pesantren Waria Al Fatah Yogyakarta)." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 11, no. 1 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2017.111-07.
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In a society, based on the size of the members there are two social groups namely the majority and minority groups. Majority groups are the largest part of a society. In contrast, minority groups are the smallest part of a society. In everyday life, minority groups do not often get their rights like majority groups in general. To obtain these rights, minority social groups often form a group or community to achieve desired goals. With strong Solidarity within a group, together they (minority groups) can fight for their rights and face an external threat (conflict). Through this article, the author will give an idea how solidarity of a minority group (waria) in facing conflict especially transvestites that exist in the boarding school of Islamic transvestites Fatah Yogyakarta.Keywords: solidarity, minority, transgender, transvestite pesantren.
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GRAHAM, JOHN R., MICHEAL L. SHIER, and MARILYN EISENSTAT. "Young Adult Social Networks and Labour Market Attachment: Interpersonal Dynamics that Shape Perspectives on Job Attainment." Journal of Social Policy 44, no. 4 (2015): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000276.
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AbstractFollowing a qualitative study design with young adults (aged seventeen to twenty-nine) of a racialised minority status (n= 36) in a low-income community in Toronto, Canada, we found that social relationships and dynamics greatly influenced perspectives towards labour market success. Respondents identified that interpersonal relationships with employers, family members and neighbourhood/community members influenced their perseverance and motivation for upward social mobility through securing and maintaining employment. The findings highlight the fundamental relationship between perceptions of upward social mobility and individual social capital. In particular, the wide array of social networks that can influence the perspectives of racial minority young adults – both positively and negatively. The findings extend contemporary discussions about the relationship between social capital and career aspirations among racial minority young adults, to include a spectrum of interrelated social networks that collectively aid in improving personal development. While contemporary discussions focus on the utility of informal knowledge sharing about career development and post-secondary attainment, the findings here demonstrate the importance of policy and programme solutions that support the mobilisation of a wider array of embedded social resources, within the social networks of racial minority young adults, that help support positive perceptions towards upward social mobility.
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Blackwood, Leda, Nick Hopkins, and Steve Reicher. "Turning the Analytic Gaze on “Us”." European Psychologist 18, no. 4 (2013): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000151.
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What leads to the alienation and political (dis)engagement of minority groups is a critical question for political psychologists. Recently, research has focused attention on one particular minority group – Muslims in the West – and on what promotes “anti-Western” attitudes and behavior. Typically, the research focus is on factors internal to the individuals or the minority communities concerned. However, we argue this overlooks the ways in which the perspective and practices of the majority group affect minority group members’ understandings of who they are and how they stand in relation to the majority. In this paper we examine the social-psychological processes through which authorities’ surveillance and intervention affects minority group members’ sense of themselves, their relationship to authorities and the wider community. In doing so, we discuss a number of hitherto neglected psychological processes that may contribute to alienation-namely, processes of misrecognition, disrespect, and humiliation. We draw on research conducted with British Muslims to illustrate our argument for widening our analytic focus to give a more dynamic account of alienation and (dis)engagement.
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Cramer, Robert J., Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Andrea R. Kaniuka, et al. "Preferences in Information Processing, Marginalized Identity, and Non-Monogamy: Understanding Factors in Suicide-Related Behavior among Members of the Alternative Sexuality Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 3233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093233.
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Suicide-related behavior (SRB) is a mental health disparity experienced by the alternative sexuality community. We assessed mental health, relationship orientation, marginalized identities (i.e., sexual orientation minority, gender minority, racial minority, ethnic minority, and lower education), and preferences in information processing (PIP) as factors differentiating lifetime SRB groups. An online cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 2018. Members of the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF; n = 334) took part. Bivariate analyses identified the following SRB risk factors: female and transgender/gender non-binary identity, sexual orientation minority identity, lower education, suicide attempt/death exposure, Need for Affect (NFA) Avoidance, depression, and anxiety. Monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor. Multi-nomial regression revealed the following: (1) monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor for suicidal ideation and attempt; (2) lower education was a risk factor for suicide attempt; (3) anxiety was a risk factor for suicide attempt; and (4) depression was a risk factor for suicidal ideation. A two-way interaction showed that elevated NFA Approach buffered the negative impacts of depression. Relationship orientation, several marginalized identities (i.e., based on gender, sexual orientation, and educational level), and PIP all contributed uniquely to SRB. Further study is necessary to understand the role of relationship orientation with suicide. Health education and suicide prevention efforts with NCSF should be tailored to account for marginalized identity, mental health, and NFA factors.
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Craig, Shelley L., Ashley Austin, Edward J. Alessi, Lauren McInroy, and Gina Keane. "Minority Stress and HERoic Coping Among Ethnoracial Sexual Minority Girls: Intersections of Resilience." Journal of Adolescent Research 32, no. 5 (2016): 614–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558416653217.
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This study used a focus group methodology to explore the experiences of stress and coping among 40 Hispanic, Caribbean Black, Haitian, and African American cisgender sexual minority girls living in the southeastern United States. An analysis of the data using grounded theory strategies revealed that participants were part of a cultural context in which few boundaries existed between family, religion, and culture, and that they tended to believe that they were betraying family and culture because of their sexual minority identities. Participants described (a) real or perceived transgressions of gender expectations and roles, (b) violating religious doctrine, and (c) emotional exclusion and taunting by family members. In the same context, the theme of HERoic Coping described participants’ resilience that manifested as (a) serving as the family educator, (b) being “out” in the open with family, and (c) creating safety. This study found that the negotiation of complex family, religious, and community environments is critical to understanding resilience in ethnoracial sexual minority girls.
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Kalampakou, Eleni. "Is There a Right to Choose a Religious Jurisdiction over the Civil Courts? The Application of Sharia Law in the Minority in Western Thrace, Greece." Religions 10, no. 4 (2019): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040260.
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The minority in Western Thrace, Greece, has long enjoyed a special status where family and inheritance matters were subject to Sharia law and religious jurisdiction (Mufti). After judicial controversy for many years over the compulsory character of this “minority privilege”, the matter has been brought before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). In view of the hearing of the case of Molla Sali v. Greece before the Grand Chamber, the Greek Parliament voted for the possibility for the members of this minority to choose either religious or civil law and jurisdiction—a right for them to exit the minority community. Although a step forward, this right raises a serious challenge to the rule of equality before the law and the right to a fair trial. Therefore, the paper seeks its possible legal foundations in the international obligations of the Greek state to protect religious freedom and the minority community and stresses the need to be accompanied by the “right to voice”, meaning a true reform of the procedure before the Mufti and an effective constitutionality control of his decisions.
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Ahearn, Kathleen, Marguerite Donohue, and Pran Manga. "The Role of Consumers in Health Care Decision Making." Healthcare Management Forum 10, no. 2 (1997): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60876-9.
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This paper focuses on the results of a survey of chief executive officers and consumer board members of Ontario hospitals and community health centres regarding the role of consumers in health care decision making. The opinions of both the chief executive officer and consumer board member respondents were elicited regarding the value of consumer input in decision making for the organizations studied. Results indicate that consumer board members feel that their input into organizational decision making is valued, chief executive officers value the input of consumers, and consumer involvement in decision making is increasing. More women are now involved on boards of the organizations studied, but visible minority representation remains low on hospital boards. Consumer board members feel that their decision making is influenced by providers on the board.
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Mijas, Magdalena, Karolina Koziara, Andrzej Galbarczyk, and Grazyna Jasienska. "Chubby, Hairy and Fearless. Subcultural Identities and Predictors of Self-Esteem in a Sample of Polish Members of Bear Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124439.
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Bear subculture exists within a larger gay community, which has been recognized by public health experts as disproportionately burdened with stigma and related health adversities. Bears are distinguished by a particular body look—body hirsuteness and heavy-set physique. Previous research documented the various health risks, and the exposure to both sexual minority and weight stigma, of this population. In this study we focused on the determinants of self-esteem in Bears. We explored the significance of such predictors as: perceived sexual minority and weight stigma, age, resilience, and physique as reflected by the BMI. Our sample consisted of 60 men from the Polish Bear community (i.e., Bears, Cubs, Otters, Wolves). Linear regression models were performed for the entire sample (N = 60) and for Bear-identified men (N = 31). Perceived sexual minority stigma negatively, and resilience positively, predicted self-esteem. In the case of Bear-identified men, age, perceived exposure to weight discrimination, and BMI were also significant predictors of self-esteem. Higher BMI in the case of Bear-identified men predicted higher self-esteem. Our results suggest that although Bear-identified men are characterized by their similarities to other gay men, subcultural identities create unique social contexts that are important for health and health interventions in this population.
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Hung, Kevin K. C., Makiko K. MacDermot, Emily Y. Y. Chan, et al. "CCOUC Ethnic Minority Health Project: A Case Study for Health EDRM Initiatives to Improve Disaster Preparedness in a Rural Chinese Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105322.
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Disasters disproportionately impact poor and marginalised populations due to greater vulnerability induced by various risk determinants, such as compromised living conditions, language barriers, and limited resources for disaster risk management. Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM) emphasises a people- and community-centred approach for building stronger capacities in communities and countries since community members are often the first responders to health emergencies and should be central to effective risk management. A key action for promoting community disaster preparedness is the provision of Health EDRM education interventions. The Ethnic Minority Health Project (EHMP) has provided community-based Health EDRM education interventions in 16 ethnic minority-based villages in remote areas of China since 2009. It aims to enhance community disaster preparedness and resilience by improving health-risk literacy and self-help capacity at the individual and household levels. This case study outlines the first EHMP project in an ethnic minority-based community (Ma’an Qiao Village) in Sichuan Province, China. It highlights the key elements for planning and managing such a project and is a good demonstration of an effective Health EDRM workforce development project in rural communities. This report concludes with five recommendations for setting up a sustainable and effective Health EDRM education intervention in similar contexts.
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Sokolovic, Dalibor. "Language loyalty and ethnolinguistic solidarity of members of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 1-2 (2017): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1702155s.
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This paper analyses the impact of linguistic loyalty and solidarity on the preservation of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina. These factors represent an essential element in the model of linguistic description of a language community in a minority position. In the first part of the paper, we present the structure and components of ethnolinguistic solidarity of the Slovak community in Vojvodina, and in the second we show results of the survey conducted in 2014 among members of the community related to the level of their linguistic loyalty. Language attitudes of members of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina presented in this analysis bring us new insight into the structure of ethnolinguistic solidarity and reveal the reasons and motivation of their linguistic loyalty, or the absence of it. Vojvodinian Slovaks consider their own language as the most important constituent of their ethnicity, but the survey nonetheless also identified characteristics of the initial phase of the process of language relativisation, as well as a reduction of its role as the cultural marker of the community.
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Ahmaid, Hazem Sabah, and Omar Farhan Hamad Khedr. "The reality of minorities in Iraq and its reflection on Political Instability." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 2, no. 4 (2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v3i4.72.
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The issue of minorities is universal in the sense that it is not restricted to a particular country or continents, but is also an old and modern issue. It is new in its constant insistence on political analysis because it is linked to many issues, Large minority. The question of minorities has been and continues to exist in many societies, which are acute and dangerous. The insistence of the people of the State to classify themselves in different groups, whether national or religious, leads to a problem called the problem of minorities. The question of the community as a whole is the search for a mechanism for achieving social cohesion. It is not a matter for the members of the minority. Rather, it is a sensitive issue that requires harmony and solidarity between members of the majority and the minority to find The right way out And for the purpose of achieving social integration.
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Emadi, Hafizullah. "The Politics of Homosexuality: Perseverance of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (lgbt) Community in a Repressive Social Milieu in Afghanistan." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 26, no. 2 (2019): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02602001.
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In Afghanistan, minorities are subjected to harassment, intimidation and even death by Islamic fanatics and conservative leaders as they try to impose their own interpretation of religious scriptures and punish those who do not agree with their interpretation of religious precepts and follow their rulings. Application of such measures has impacted the safety and security of the gender-minority community, as its members are forced to hide their identities, and cannot speak about their sexual orientation. Government agencies and civil society organizations do not advocate for the rights of this community, and deliberately avoid any discussion about them, fearing a backlash from religious vigilantes, conservative religious leaders and clerics. A lack of public education and social awareness programs about the gender-minority community has contributed to the perpetuation of discrimination, hatred and bigotry toward them − a community that is part and parcel of the social fabric of modern Afghanistan.
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Van Duyn, Emily. "Mainstream Marginalization: Secret Political Organizing Through Social Media." Social Media + Society 6, no. 4 (2020): 205630512098104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120981044.
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Scholars have addressed how the socially marginalized, individuals with fringe viewpoints, or the politically marginalized in authoritarian regimes use social media to organize or connect in secret. Yet intensifying partisan polarization and prejudice in the United States has made it necessary to study how mainstream partisans in liberal democracies use social media to organize in secret. This study explores why mainstream partisans in the United States—average Republicans or Democrats—organize in secret online and analyzes the unique functions of social media for political organizing amid contextual marginalization. Through interviews with group leaders and a digital ethnography of a secret Facebook group in the United States, I find that mainstream partisans use social media to form secret political groups when they are the minority in their local community and that the online secret group serves several unique functions for members. First, the group operates as a community of solidarity for those reticent to disclose their political beliefs and as a community of contention to criticize and revitalize the minority Party in their region. The group also operates as a community of practice, allowing members to learn and rehearse communication among like-minded others. These findings hold implications for how scholars study communication in a digital and polarized era and how practitioners gauge public opinion.
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Meyer, Ilan H., Stephen T. Russell, Phillip L. Hammack, David M. Frost, and Bianca D. M. Wilson. "Minority stress, distress, and suicide attempts in three cohorts of sexual minority adults: A U.S. probability sample." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0246827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246827.
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During the past 50 years, there have been marked improvement in the social and legal environment of sexual minorities in the United States. Minority stress theory predicts that health of sexual minorities is predicated on the social environment. As the social environment improves, exposure to stress would decline and health outcomes would improve. We assessed how stress, identity, connectedness with the LGBT community, and psychological distress and suicide behavior varied across three distinct cohorts of sexual minority people in the United States. Using a national probability sample recruited in 2016 and 2017, we assessed three a priori defined cohorts of sexual minorities we labeled the pride (born 1956–1963), visibility (born 1974–1981), and equality (born 1990–1997) cohorts. We found significant and impressive cohort differences in coming out milestones, with members of the younger cohort coming out much earlier than members of the two older cohorts. But we found no signs that the improved social environment attenuated their exposure to minority stressors—both distal stressors, such as violence and discrimination, and proximal stressors, such as internalized homophobia and expectations of rejection. Psychological distress and suicide behavior also were not improved, and indeed were worse for the younger than the older cohorts. These findings suggest that changes in the social environment had limited impact on stress processes and mental health for sexual minority people. They speak to the endurance of cultural ideologies such as homophobia and heterosexism and accompanying rejection of and violence toward sexual minorities.
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Bhattacharjee, Bidisha. "Language revitalization and community initiatives." Language Ecology 3, no. 2 (2019): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.19001.bha.
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Abstract Language is an integral part of the social identity and ethnicity of a community apart from being its mode of communication. Language plays a key role to preserve the history, culture and identity of a community. In this era of globalization, cultural and linguistic homogenization is a common trend. The state and dominant linguistic communities expect ‘others’ or the minority groups to assimilate into the dominant culture and language. Arguments for the maintenance and revitalization of minority and endangered languages have been made by many linguists around the world. Language rights, language planning and language documentation programmes are some steps taken by government and externally-funded organizations to protect endangered and indigenous languages. Besides the initiatives taken by the non-members of the community, the future of an endangered language and culture has been decided by the role and attitude of the community towards its community-specific linguistic and cultural identity. India is a very diverse country as far as its linguistic and cultural heritage is concerned. This project is enriched with insights from field experience in various districts of West Bengal, a state in India, where the speakers of endangered linguistic communities are aware of their linguistic rights and are highly engaged in the language and cultural revitalization, and in that their degree of progress and success is commendable. This paper aims at demonstrating the major role played by the communities themselves in language-revitalization programmes.
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Wade, Darryl, Louise Mewton, Tracey Varker, Andrea Phelps, and David Forbes. "The impact of potentially traumatic events on the mental health of males who have served in the military: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 7 (2016): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416671413.
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Objective: The study investigated the impact of potentially traumatic events on mental health outcomes among males who had ever served in the Australian Defence Force. Method: Data from a nationally representative household survey of Australian residents, the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, were used for this study. Results: Compared with community members, Australian Defence Force males were significantly more likely to have experienced not only deployment and other war-like events but also accidents or other unexpected events, and trauma to someone close. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force members were at increased risk of accidents or other unexpected events compared to community members. After controlling for the effect of potentially traumatic events that were more prevalent among all Australian Defence Force members, the increased risk of mental disorders among Australian Defence Force members was no longer evident. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force and community members were at comparable risk of poor mental health outcomes. A significant minority of Australian Defence Force members had onset of a mental disorder prior to their first deployment. Conclusions: Deployment and other potentially traumatic events among Australian Defence Force members can help to explain their increased vulnerability to mental disorders compared with community members. Providers should routinely enquire about a range of potentially traumatic events among serving and ex-serving military personnel.
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Gao, Meng ran. "SOCIAL VALUE OF THE ELDER PUMI MINORITY IN CHINA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2650.
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Abstract Social status of the elderly nowadays declines rapidly in China. As anthropologist Margaret Mead considered, post-figurative culture leading in contemporary society and the source of knowledge are from youth. The value of the elderly has been overlooked. However, in Pumi, one of the smallest ethnic minority groups in northwestern Yunnan Province of China, it is common that senior residents have high social status. This study examines the social values the Pumi elderly have by systematic analysis and participation observation methods. Based on data collected in a Pumi village during a 6-month fieldtrip, we conclude that Pumi elderly enjoy a high status in the community. They occupy core positions in all important ceremonies, such as religious activities and other daily activities including hospice. Factors behind the special old-age care phenomenon are Pumi’s history and its culture. The special culture has united the group members together and enhanced individual development with community social capital. It is clear that respecting elderly does not only contribute the transformation of ethnical knowledge but also enhance community cohesiveness. Evaluating the role of the elderly should not only from economic perspective, but also from the holistic perspective of social culture, so as to reconsider the importance of the elderly to our society.
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Takim, Liyakat. "Integration or Isolation: Black Shi'ism in the American Diaspora." Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam 1, no. 2 (2020): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37264/jcsi.v1i2.27.
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In a country that claims to be founded on Judeo-Christian values, the experiences of minority groups such as Muslims are often relegated to the margins of discourses on religion. The sense of negligence of marginalized communities is even greater when a group is a minority within a minority, as it is relegated to a double-minority status. This article will argue that due to their double-minority status, American Shi‘is have been occupied more with safeguarding and protecting rather than disseminating their distinctive beliefs and practices. They have been more concerned with preserving than expanding their religious boundaries. The article will also demonstrate that, due to various factors, there has been an increasing number of members of the African American community accepting Twelver Shi’ism. It will further examine for the reasons for this phenomenon and highlight instances of Black Shi‘i–Sunni altercations and hostilities in American correctional facilities.
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Collister, Lauren B. "Surveillance and Community: Language Policing and Empowerment in a World of Warcraft Guild." Surveillance & Society 12, no. 3 (2014): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i3.4956.
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A case study of a World of Warcraft guild explores the relationship between participatory surveillance, public discipline, empowerment, and fun. The guild under investigation in this paper is a self-labeled "safe space" guild for female, LGBT, and other minority members of the gaming population. To promote the safe space environment, the guild's members actively enforce prohibitions against offensive language. A comparison is made between the participatory surveillance model employed by the members of the guild and the top-down policies and discipline enacted by the parent company, Blizzard Entertainment; this comparison demonstrates the effects of co-existing models of surveillance in the game community. Furthermore, the effects of the guild's practice of public discipline of rule breakers are analyzed as a method of shaming that enhances the effects of the guild's rules. Finally, by examining reactions from members of the guild, personal and community empowerment are the outcomes of participation in the system. Recommendations are made to incorporate elements of participatory surveillance into games in conjunction with unilateral surveillance typically employed by game developers.
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Armaou, Maria, Evangelia Araviaki, and Laura Musikanski. "eHealth and mHealth Interventions for Ethnic Minority and Historically Underserved Populations in Developed Countries: an Umbrella Review." International Journal of Community Well-Being 3, no. 2 (2019): 193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42413-019-00055-5.
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AbstractHealth disparities among historically disadvantaged populations can undermine the effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions and limit their acceptability among diverse community members. The twin aims of this umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) are to summarise the evidence on the characteristics and effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions among underserved populations in developed counties and provide recommendations to community organizers, policy makers and researchers. Comprehensive searches were conducted in bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and references lists for SRs published in English between 2000 and 2019. SRs were selected following a protocol registered with PROSPERO. Two independent reviewers were involved in the selection appraisal process, quality assessment and data extraction process. Six SRs met the inclusion criteria for this umbrella review. The six SRs concerned interventions delivered by computer programmes, cell-phones or other electronic devices. The studies in the SRs reported improvements to physiological well-being, health knowledge and self-management, as well as improvements in psychosocial outcomes. This umbrella review concludes with recommendations for community organizers, policy makers and researches for the formation of guidelines, inclusion of target community members in the development of eHealth interventions and directions for future research.
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Michaels, M., N. Blakeney, L. Schapira, et al. "ENACCT's pilot education program (PEP): A model to enhance understanding of cancer clinical trials for community providers and community leaders." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): e17514-e17514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e17514.
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e17514 Background: While nearly 20% of adult cancer patients are eligible for cancer clinical trials, less than 3% of cancer patients participate. Rates of participation are lower among communities of color and the medically underserved. Enhanced community engagement and provider training about cancer clinical trials can potentially result in greater awareness, access, and ultimately, patient accrual. Methods: A three-year Pilot Education Program was developed to explore the impact and feasibility of a community-driven outreach and education intervention focusing on community members, community health care providers, and cancer researchers in three medically underserved communities. Using a train-the-trainer model, PEP sought to raise clinical trial awareness among peers and encourage public inquiries about clinical trials. Workshops for clinical trials staff addressed recruitment and retention practices. Additionally, community sites worked to reduce local policy barriers to clinical trials participation.PEP used web-based surveys, interviews, focus groups and field observation to evaluate impact. Results: Seventy-five trainers were recruited. PEP reached 882 community members (63% minority), 374 health care providers (16% minority) and 61 cancer clinical trial staff. Approximately 5,800 individuals were exposed to educational activities through extended community outreach activities and dissemination of educational materials. Among those completing evaluation surveys, 66% of community leader trainees said they spoke to others about cancer clinical trials. Seventy-two percent of health care providers agreed their role is to inform patients about the possibility of receiving treatment through a clinical trial. Among cancer clinical trial staff, 80% indicated intention to work with community groups on cancer clinical trials education. Seventy-seven unique patient profiles were created with a national cancer clinical trials matching service also associated with PEP. Conclusions: Results from ENACCT's Pilot Education Program suggest promise in improving knowledge among community leaders and health care providers, and fostering greater peer-to-peer education about cancer clinical trials. [Table: see text]
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Nguyen, Trang Thi Thuy, and M. Obaidul Hamid. "Language choice, identity and social distance: Ethnic minority students in Vietnam." Applied Linguistics Review 10, no. 2 (2019): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0037.
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AbstractDrawing on concepts such as convergence, divergence and maintenance associated with Communication Accommodation Theory, this article examines a group of Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language choice in relation to their identity and social distance between them and their interlocutors. Our analysis suggests that the strategies of accommodation deployed by individuals can be related to common values/tendencies that are maintained by the groups and communities to which they belong, raising issues about structural influence on individual language choice and agency. We observe that enhancing the ethnolinguistic vitality of the home and the community in which senior members hold the key to language maintenance should be considered vital in reducing the new in-group distance created by young members. Moreover, multilingual policies which enable flexible attainment goals for all languages may provide a way forward for equity and reduction of social distance between different ethnic groups in society.
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Carrasquillo, Olveen, Erin Kobetz-Kerman, Victoria Behar-Zusman, et al. "46213 Florida Community-Engaged Research Alliance Against COVID-19 in Disproportionately Affected Communities (FL-CEAL): addressing education, awareness, access, and inclusion of underserved communities in COVID-19 research." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.609.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Understanding the needs and barriers or facilitators to participation in research, especially among minority communities is critical not only for COVID-19 research but also for future clinical and translational research and health disparities studies. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The overall goal of this project is to enhance education, awareness, access, and inclusion of underserved communities across Florida in COVID-19 research, especially among Black and Hispanic minority groups that are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Through strategic partnership among five academic institutions and community-based organizations across the state of Florida, the FL-CEAL team will implement focus groups and surveys in minority communities in Florida to gauge the awareness and understanding of COVID-19, and the barriers and facilitators for participation in COVID-19 research studies. These communities include but are not limited to Latinx and Black populations in South and Central Florida, and Black communities in North Florida. The outcomes will help shape strategies for outreach and dissemination activities and minority recruitment plans to promote participation of minorities into vaccine and therapeutic trials. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: An estimated 75-125 participants will be recruited for focus groups. Four focus groups with minority communities have been conducted and the results are being analyzed. A common Community-Based Needs Assessment survey is being finalized and will be deployed across the 11 states that are part of the national CEAL consortium. Community Health Workers are being engaged to support outreach and dissemination to educate targeted communities on COVID-19 research and the importance of participation in COVID trials. To date, 243 CHWs and 880 community members have been engaged. Minority participation in COVID-19 vaccine trials at University of Miami has been higher than the national average. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The FL-CEAL Alliance has successfully demonstrated a coordinated effort to engage minority communities affected by COVID. Through strategic geographic partnerships, FL-CEAL will positively impact minority communities throughout the state that has one of the most diverse populations in the nation.
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Shrikant, Natasha, and Jeanette Musselwhite. "Indexing neoliberal ideology and political identities in a racially diverse business community." Discourse & Communication 13, no. 1 (2018): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481318801627.
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This article examines the relationship between everyday talk, the reproduction of political ideology and the interactional accomplishment of situated identities through analyzing how institutional members index neoliberal ideology in their everyday interactions. Analysis of audio- and video-recorded data from racially diverse business members of two Texas chambers of commerce illustrates how chamber members indirectly index neoliberal ideology through taking stances toward government policies. White, upper class participants display neoliberal stances through using complaints – constituted by questions, humor, idioms and inference-rich terms – about the Affordable Care Act because it is a form of government interference that increases taxes and the federal deficit. Minority business members use discursive strategies such as double-voiced discourse and self-repairs to balance tensions between criticizing neoliberal ideology because it does not benefit minorities yet still orient to its taken-for-granted value in their business community. Overall, while participants’ interactions generally seem to operate within the structural constraints of neoliberal ideology, our analysis illustrates how participants take up neoliberal ideology in situated ways that, at times, provide avenues for negotiating the relevance of neoliberal ideology to everyday life.
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Jagodic, Devan. "Between language maintenance and language shift: the Slovenian community in Italy today and tomorrow." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2011): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.13.
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The paper focuses on the processes of language maintenance and shift among the Slovenian community in north-eastern Italy, from both the present and future perspectives, and presents the results of two empirical studies. The first offers a quantitative analysis of the linguistic behaviour of the Slovenian community members, in order to provide information about the level of minority language maintenance or the gradual shift towards Italian. The intergenerational comparison brings into focus some divergences among two differentage groups and indicates the variables that cooperate to establish them.The second study explores the challenges that the Slovenian community must face in order to encourage the use of the minority language among non-Slovenian speakers. Relying on qualitative data obtained by a series of in-depth interviews with representatives of Slovenian political, cultural and economic organizations in Italy, the study aims to identify some possible strategies for the spread and promotion of the Slovenian language among the wider society.
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Vuola, Elina. "Intersections of gender and minority status: perspectives from Finnish Jewish women." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 30, no. 1 (2019): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.77270.
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In this article, I examine how contemporary Finnish Jewish women understand their roles and identities as women in a small Orthodox Jewish community, on the one hand, and as members of a tiny minority in largely secular and predominantly Lutheran/Christian Finland, on the other. How do Finnish Jewish women negotiate their identities in relation to their community, strongly organised along gender lines, and in relation to Finnish society and especially its equality ideals and norms? I divide my article into four sections. First, I give a short overview of the theory of intersectionality, concentrating on its possibilities and limitations for the study of religion and gender in general, and for the study of Judaism, specifically. Second, I focus on my informants’ views of the gendered practices of their Orthodox Jewish community, which, by many standards, is a very specific form of Orthodoxy, which could be called ‘Finnish Orthodoxy’. Third, I analyse my informants’ views on how they perceive being Jewish women in contemporary Finland. The intersection of the last two broad themes will highlight the realities of Finnish Jewish women in contemporary Finland. Fourth, I discuss possibilities and limitations of intersectional theorising in the light of my data.
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Batool, Sumera, Saba Sultana, and Sana Tariq. "Social Media and Religious Minorities: Analyzing the Usage of Facebook Groups among Christian Minority to Highlight their Issues in Pakistan." Global Mass Communication Review VI, no. I (2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(vi-i).10.
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The issues of religious, ethnic and racial minorities are one of the major problems in modern democratic states where the majority governs. The article finds out the role of religious Facebook groups in highlighting the issues of the Christian minority. The objectives were to observe the reasons of participation, level of dependence and the nature of effects of online discussions of Facebook groups on the Christian community. Uses and gratification theory was applied to understand that how new technologies in media are used to gratify the needs of marginalized communities in a pluralist society. Data was collected through a survey method from the Christian minority, which was Facebook users and members of Facebook religion. The findings of the study revealed that usage of Facebook Groups is motivating the Christian community towards the solution of their problems; there is an association between usage of Facebook groups and awareness level regarding social issues among the Christian community.
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Ragavan, Maya I., Kristie A. Thomas, Anjali Fulambarker, Jill Zaricor, Lisa A. Goodman, and Megan H. Bair-Merritt. "Exploring the Needs and Lived Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Minority Domestic Violence Survivors Through Community-Based Participatory Research: A Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (2018): 946–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018813204.
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Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a methodological approach where community–academic teams build equitable relationships throughout the research process. In the domestic violence (DV) field, CBPR may be particularly important when conducting research with racial and ethnic minority DV survivors, as this group faces concurrent oppressions that inform their lived experiences. To our knowledge, no systematic review has synthesized articles using a CBPR approach to explore the needs and lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority DV survivors. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, retrieving articles that used a CBPR approach to understand the needs and/or lived experiences of female racial and ethnic minority DV survivors residing in the United States. Articles were identified from peer-reviewed databases, bibliographies, and experts. Thirteen of the 185 articles assessed for eligibility were included. Articles focused on a variety of racial and ethnic minority groups, the majority identifying as African American or Latina. Collaboration occurred in multiple ways, primarily through equitable decision-making and building team members’ strengths. Several needs and lived experiences emerged including gender identity and patriarchal attitudes, racism and discrimination, the immigrant experience informing DV, poverty, shame and stigma, and the need for social support. This is the first systematic review of articles using a CBPR approach to explore the needs and lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority survivors. Implications include promoting community-based dissemination, conducting quantitative studies with larger sample sizes of DV survivors, and encouraging culturally specific services that address DV survivors’ intersectional needs.
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Holstrom, Chris. "Local Authorial Voice and Global Authorial Voice in Community-Authored Knowledge Organization Systems." Advances in Classification Research Online 29, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/acro.v29i1.15451.
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Folksonomies are crowdsourced knowledge organization systems that rose to popularity during Web 2.0 and that are still actively used today. This crowdsourced approach to knowledge organization moves authorial voice from an individual expert or small group of experts to the community. What does it mean to have many voices contribute to a knowledge organization system? Do community members create a collective authorial voice? Are minority opinions more readily included? How does access to information, especially “long tail” information, change? This paper explores these questions by examining authorial voice in community-authored knowledge organization systems (CAKOS) and expert-authored knowledge organization systems (EAKOS).
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Cortis, Joseph D., and Kevin Kendrick. "Nursing Ethics, Caring and Culture." Nursing Ethics 10, no. 1 (2003): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne576oa.
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Recent years have witnessed the publication of numerous articles that draw a critical alignment between ethics and caring. In essence, this theme suggests that caring is a moral pursuit centred on the beneficent attention of one person shown to another. Yet, if such language is to have real poignancy, it must be geared towards an inclusive agenda that meets the needs of all within the community. Research evidence suggests that this is not always the case, especially in terms of the care offered to members of minority ethnic groups. This article will focus on the findings of a qualitative research study that explored the expectations and perceived experiences of nursing care among members of the Pakistani community in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. The findings suggest that nurses should develop a more informed narrative that readily reflects the needs of the Pakistani community.
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Morgan, Myfanwy, Charlotte Kenten, Sarah Deedat, et al. "Increasing the acceptability and rates of organ donation among minority ethnic groups: a programme of observational and evaluative research on Donation, Transplantation and Ethnicity (DonaTE)." Programme Grants for Applied Research 4, no. 4 (2016): 1–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar04040.
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BackgroundBlack, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups have a high need for organ transplantation but deceased donation is low. This restricts the availability of well-matched organs and results in relatively long waiting times for transplantation, with increased mortality risks.ObjectiveTo identify barriers to organ donor registration and family consent among the BAME population, and to develop and evaluate a training intervention to enhance communication with ethnic minority families and identify impacts on family consent.MethodsThree-phase programme comprising (1) community-based research involving two systematic reviews examining attitudes and barriers to organ donation and effective interventions followed by 22 focus groups with minority ethnic groups; (2) hospital-based research examining staff practices and influences on family consent through ethics discussion groups (EDGs) with staff, a study on intensive care units (ICUs) and interviews with bereaved ethnic minority families; and (3) development and evaluation of a training package to enhance cultural competence among ICU staff.SettingCommunity focus group study in eight London boroughs with high prevalence of ethnic minority populations. Hospital studies at five NHS hospital trusts (three in London and two in Midlands).Participants(1) Community studies: 228 focus group participants; (2) hospital studies: 35 nurses, 28 clinicians, 19 hospital chaplains, 25 members of local Organ Donation Committees, 17 bereaved family members; and (3) evaluation: 66 health professionals.Data sourcesFocus groups with community residents, systematic reviews, qualitative interviews and observation in ICUs, EDGs with ICU staff, bereaved family interviews and questionnaires for trial evaluation.Review methodsSystematic review and narrative synthesis.Results(1) Community studies: Organ Donor Register – different ethnic/faith and age groups were at varying points on the ‘pathway’ to organ donor registration, with large numbers lacking knowledge and remaining at a pre-contemplation stage. Key attitudinal barriers were uncertainties regarding religious permissibility, bodily concerns, lack of trust in health professionals and little priority given to registration, with the varying significance of these factors varying by ethnicity/faith and age. National campaigns focusing on ethnic minorities have had limited impact, whereas characteristics of effective educational interventions are being conducted in a familiar environment; addressing the groups’ particular concerns; delivery by trained members of the lay community; and providing immediate access to registration. Interventions are also required to target those at specific stages of the donation pathway. (2) Hospital studies: family consent to donation – many ICU staff, especially junior nurses, described a lack of confidence in communication and supporting ethnic minority families, often reflecting differences in emotional expression, faith and cultural beliefs, and language difficulties. The continuing high proportion of family donation discussions that take place without the collaboration of a specialist nurse for organ donation (SNOD) reflected consultants’ views of their own role in family consent to donation, a lack of trust in SNODs and uncertainties surrounding controlled donations after circulatory (or cardiac) death. Hospital chaplains differed in their involvement in ICUs, reflecting their availability/employment status, personal interests and the practices of ICU staff. (3) Evaluation: professional development package – a digital versatile disc-based training package was developed to promote confidence and skills in cross-cultural communication (available at:www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueaR6XYkeVM&feature=youtu.be). Initial evaluation produced positive feedback and significant affirmative attitudinal change but no significant difference in consent rate over the short follow-up period with requirements for longer-term evaluation.LimitationsParticipants in the focus group study were mainly first-generation migrants of manual socioeconomic groups. It was not permitted to identify non-consenting families for interview with data regarding the consent process were therefore limited to consenting families.ConclusionsThe research presents guidance for the effective targeting of donation campaigns focusing on minority ethnic groups and provides the first training package in cultural competence in the NHS.Future workGreater evaluation is required of community interventions in the UK to enhance knowledge of effective practice and analysis of the experiences of non-consenting ethnic minority families.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Rosas, Lisa G., Catherine Nasrallah, Van Ta Park, et al. "Perspectives on Precision Health Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities and the Physicians That Serve Them." Ethnicity & Disease 30, Suppl 1 (2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.s1.137.
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Background: In order for precision health to address health disparities, engagement of diverse racial/ethnic minority communities and the physicians that serve them is critical.Methods: A community-based participatory research approach with mixed methods was employed to gain a deeper understanding of precision health research and practice among American Indian, African American, Latino, Chinese, and Vietnamese groups and physicians that serve these communities. A survey assessed demographics and opinions of precision health, genetic testing, and precision health research. Focus groups (n=12) with each racial/ethnic minority group and physicians further explored attitudes about these topics.Results: One hundred community members (American Indian [n=17], African American [n=13], Chinese [n=17], Latino [n=27], and Vietnamese [n=26]) and 14 physicians completed the survey and participated in the focus groups. Familiarity with precision health was low among community members and high among physicians. Most groups were enthusiastic about the approach, especially if it considered influences on health in addition to genes (eg, environmental, behavioral, social factors). Significant concerns were expressed by African American and American Indian participants about precision health practice and research based on past abuses in biomedical research. In addition, physician and community members shared concerns such as security and confidentiality of genetic information, cost and affordability of genetic tests and precision medicine, discrimination and disparities, distrust of medical and research and pharmaceutical institutions, language barriers, and physician’s specialty.Conclusions: Engagement of racial/ethnic minority communities and the providers who serve them is important for advancing a precision health approach to addressing health disparities.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):137-148; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.137
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Misadová, Katarína. "Charakteristik Y Používania Vlastných Mien U Žien Maďarskej Národnosti Na Slovensku." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 68, no. 1 (2017): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0017.
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Abstract Usage of personal names of Hungarians - both women and men - as members of a national minority varies not only according to the circumstances of the country which represents homeland to them, but also it varies from specific Hungarian speaking community to community and even from individual to individual. The study focuses on different forms of first (given) names and family names (surnames) characteristic of female Hungarians living in Slovakia, including the usage of the feminine suffix -ová in Hungarian surnames of women. The paper also discusses the topic of particular legislation, regulations and directives concerning the usage of personal names of members of national minorities which, to a large extent especially with women, can influence the choice of the form of their given name and surname.
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Vale, Gina. "Case Note – Justice Served?: Ashwaq Haji Hamid Talo's Confrontation and Conviction of Her Islamic State Captor." Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 1, no. 2 (2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644720x16061196655043.
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Over five years after the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group launched its genocidal attack against the Yazidi ethno-religious minority community in Sinjar, Northern Iraq, calls for 'justice' remain largely unanswered. While hundreds of IS members have been tried and convicted of their group affiliation, few have faced charges for crimes committed against the Yazidis. However, in March 2020, Ashwaq Haji Hamid Talo – a 20-year-old Yazidi woman – took the stand of a Baghdad courtroom and played a driving role in the prosecution and conviction of her attacker. Through examination of her case in the context of wider political and procedural concerns for trying IS members, this article highlights both the opportunities and challenges for individual victims and the wider Yazidi community to secure meaningful 'justice'.
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Ody-Brasier, Amandine, and Isabel Fernandez-Mateo. "When Being in the Minority Pays Off." American Sociological Review 82, no. 1 (2017): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122416683394.
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Economic sociologists have studied how social relationships shape market prices by focusing mostly on vertical interactions between buyers and sellers. In this article, we examine instead the price consequences of horizontal relationships that arise from intergroup processes among sellers. Our setting is the market for Champagne grapes. Using proprietary transaction-level data, we find that female grape growers—a minority in the growers’ community—charge systematically higher prices than do male grape growers. We argue that the underlying mechanism for this unexpected pattern of results involves the relationships developed and maintained by minority members. Specifically, in-depth fieldwork reveals that female growers get together to compensate for their isolation from the majority. This behavior enables them to overcome local constraints on the availability of price-relevant information, constraints that stem from prevailing norms of market behavior: individualism and secrecy. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of how relationships shape price-setting processes, for the sociological literature on intergroup relations, and for our understanding of inequality in markets.
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Mitchell, Jamie, Tam Perry, Vanessa Rorai, Joan Ilardo, Peter Lichtenberg, and James Jackson. "Building and Sustaining a Community Advisory Board of African American Older Adults as the Foundation for Volunteer Research Recruitment and Retention in Health Sciences." Ethnicity & Disease 30, Suppl (2020): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.s2.755.
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Older African Americans’ participation in health-related research is severely limited; they are not involved in sufficient numbers to ensure the applicability of advancements in medical and behavioral health. This research participation gap exacerbates older African Americans’ vulnerability to poor health outcomes and disparities. The Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research employs a progressive community-based participatory model that utilizes a structured community advisory board (CAB) of African American older adults in metro Detroit, Michigan to oversee the research recruitment and retention of fellow minority older adult research participants. CAB members develop and support community health programming that provides free resources to older adults and also serves as fertile ground for recruiting participants in a volunteer research registry. CAB members are also provided ongoing training on social and behavioral health research and are supported in acting as a consultancy to outside researchers where they can be compensated for their expertise and engagement. This community-engaged model of sustaining a CAB of African American older adults offers key lessons learned on building relationships and trust, valuing and leveraging community members’ expertise and time, sharing decision-making, and fostering genuine community all while promoting research recruitment and retention among underserved populations.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 2):755-764; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.755
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Burks, Alixandra C., Robert J. Cramer, Craig E. Henderson, Caroline H. Stroud, James W. Crosby, and James Graham. "Frequency, Nature, and Correlates of Hate Crime Victimization Experiences in an Urban Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Members." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 3 (2015): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515605298.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines two central research questions. First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (defined by internalized homophobia and acceptance concerns regarding one’s minority status) as a mediator of the association between hate crime victimization (i.e., objective or social SMS stress) and mental health symptoms (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress). Participants were 336 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members who elected to participate in research at a community health agency in an urban southwestern United States jurisdiction. Results suggested (a) approximately one third of the sample reported lifetime hate crime victimization, with the most common types characterized by interpersonal, as opposed to property, crimes; (b) approximately half of participants reported their most recent victimization to law enforcement; and (c) internalized SMS stress mediated the relation between hate crime victimization and overall mental health symptoms. Findings are discussed with respect to implications of the unique nature of hate crimes in an urban setting, as well as theoretical and practical implications of SMS stress findings.