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Journal articles on the topic 'Minority group status hypothesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Levin, Shana, Stacey Sinclair, Rosemary C. Veniegas, and Pamela L. Taylor. "Perceived Discrimination in the Context of Multiple Group Memberships." Psychological Science 13, no. 6 (2002): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00498.

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This study examined the joint impact of gender and ethnicity on expectations of general discrimination against oneself and one's group. According to the double-jeopardy hypothesis, women of color will expect to experience more general discrimination than men of color, White women, and White men because they belong to both a low-status ethnic group and a low-status gender group. Alternatively, the ethnic-prominence hypothesis predicts that ethnic-minority women will not differ from ethnic-minority men in their expectations of general discrimination because these expectations will be influenced more by perceptions of ethnic discrimination, which they share with men of color, than by perceptions of gender discrimination. All results were consistent with the ethnic-prominence hypothesis rather than the double-jeopardy hypothesis.

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Mesch, Gustavo S. "Minority Status and the Use of Computer-Mediated Communication." Communication Research 39, no. 3 (2011): 317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650211398865.

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Group differences in the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) were investigated, to test the diversification hypothesis that argues that minorities and immigrants will be more likely to use CMC to compensate for their lack of social capital. Data were gathered from a sample of Internet users reflecting the percentage of minorities in the general population ( n = 1,264). The results provide support for the hypothesis, indicating that in multicultural societies disadvantaged groups show greater motivation to use CMC to expand business and occupational contacts, whereas members of the majority group are more motivated to use CMC to maintain existing family and friendships ties. Implications of the finding are discussed.

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Kollehlon, Konia T. "Ethnicity and fertility in Liberia: A test of the minority group status hypothesis." Biodemography and Social Biology 36, no. 1-2 (1989): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1989.9988720.

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4

Johnson, Nan E., and Linda M. Burton. "Religion and Reproduction in Philippine Society: A New Test of the Minority-Group Status Hypothesis." Sociological Analysis 48, no. 3 (1987): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711519.

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Phills, Curtis E., Amanda Williams, Jennifer M. Wolff, et al. "Intersecting race and gender stereotypes: Implications for group-level attitudes." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 8 (2017): 1172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217706742.

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Two studies examined the relationship between explicit stereotyping and prejudice by investigating how stereotyping of minority men and women may be differentially related to prejudice. Based on research and theory related to the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008), we hypothesized that stereotyping of minority men would be more strongly related to prejudice than stereotyping of minority women. Supporting our hypothesis, in both the United Kingdom (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), when stereotyping of Black men and women were entered into the same regression model, only stereotyping of Black men predicted prejudice. Results were inconsistent in regard to South Asians and East Asians. Results are discussed in terms of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) and the gendered nature of the relationship between stereotyping and attitudes.

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Halli, S. S. "Toward a Re-Conceptualization of Minority Group Status and Fertility Hypothesis: The Case of Orientals in Canada." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 20, no. 1 (1989): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.20.1.21.

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Palmeira, Mauricio, and Shahin Sharifi. "Minority group favoritism in service encounters." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 8 (2020): 1937–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2019-0240.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate consumer reactions to minority retail employees. The paper argues that despite the persistence of racism and homophobia in society, the vast majority of the population is strongly against these forms of discrimination. Because of the profound negativity of such behavior, the study hypothesizes that consumers will be motivated to see themselves unequivocally as individuals free of prejudice. As a result, rather than treating all people equally, the study proposes that consumers will overcompensate and exhibit favoritism toward a retail employee when the latter is a member of a minority group. Design/methodology/approach This study presents ten studies in which participants evaluated employees who were a member of a minority or majority group. Studies 1a–1d use sexual orientation to contrast reactions to majority or minority bank managers in four countries (USÀ, Germany, Italy and South Korea), whereas Studies 1e and 1f use ethnicity (White vs Black) to examine the same question (UK and Canada). Study 1g offers a single-paper meta-analysis, testing the robustness of the observed effect. Studies 2 and 3 examine the roles of political ideology and its associated values, and Study 4 examines choice of an advisor in an online, but consequential setting. Findings Across several contexts and countries, the study finds a consistent pro-minority bias in evaluations of service employees. The study show that, in the USA, this bias is prevalent among liberals, but not among conservatives. This difference in the impact of political ideology is explained by adherence to traditionalism. Research limitations/implications This paper investigates consumer reactions to gays and Blacks and do not test for consumer reactions to other minority groups. Regarding employees’ sexual orientation, the findings of this study are limited to gay men only. Practical implications To elicit favorable evaluations from customers, managers may consider the match between employees’ sexual orientation or ethnicity and consumers’ liberal beliefs. In particular, managers may want to hire people from those minority groups in areas known for their liberal values. On the other hand, the findings suggest that managers should not worry about their new recruits’ sexual orientation and ethnicity in conservative areas, because the results suggest that conservatives show no favoritism toward employees in response to their group status. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first paper in marketing investigating consumer reactions to employees who belong to minority groups. The study reports a pro-minority bias that holds across samples and countries, thereby attesting to the population validity of the hypotheses. Further, the study identifies boundary conditions of the effect of employees’ group status by identifying managerially relevant moderators (i.e. political ideology and traditionalism).

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Smeekes, Anouk, Shelley McKeown, and Charis Psaltis. "Endorsing narratives under threat: Maintaining perceived collective continuity through the protective power of ingroup narratives in Northern Ireland and Cyprus." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5, no. 2 (2017): 282–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.682.

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In historically divided societies, narratives play an important role in understanding the maintenance and perception of identities and group status over time. Moving beyond the consequences of identity continuity perceptions, in this paper we were interested in the antecedents of perceived collective continuity, specifically the role of narratives and threat perceptions. We predicted that endorsement of ingroup narratives would be associated with higher perceived continuity through stronger perceptions of group threat. To test this hypothesis, we recruited participants from both majority and minority groups in Northern Ireland (N = 268) and in Cyprus (N = 413) to complete an online survey to examine their endorsement of ingroup and outgroup narratives, their perceptions of identity continuity and feelings of threat. We tested these predictions with path analyses. In line with our hypothesis, results demonstrate that, for both majority and minority groups, if group members feel threatened they are more likely to endorse their ingroup historical narrative as this helps them to maintain a sense of continuity of their ingroup identity. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of considering narratives in intergroup relations.

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Donnell, Chandra M., Reginald J. Alston, Joseph L. Hampton, and Tyronn J. Bell. "Ethnic and Gender Influences on the Social Acceptance of Persons with Disabilities by African American and White College Students." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 30, no. 1 (1999): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.30.1.31.

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A small number of studies have yielded inconclusive results when examining the assertion that ethnic minorities have greater acceptance of persons with disabilities because of shared minority group status. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that African Americans, in comparison to Whites, hold more positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities in social situations. Also, differences according to the gender of the college student participants were explored. Implications for rehabilitation counseling are provided.

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Mussa, Hujierat. "Attitudes Gaps to Jewish Out-Group and Arab In-Group as an Expression of the Self-Identity of the Arab Minority in Israel." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 1, no. 5 (2011): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i5.642.

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The objective of this study is to examine the practice of members of an in-group giving preference to the in-group rather than the out-group in any society, thereby providing its members with status, prestige and a positive social identity. This study examines the gap in the emotional attitude of the in-group and the out-group. The out-group in this study is the Jewish majority and the in-group is the Arab minority in Israel. This gap has been researched in large part, in research in laboratory conditions. Research has been done less on actual groups. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of emotional identification of the Arab minority with the suffering and sorrow related to an unfortunate tragic event that occurs to another member of their group and to one that occurs to a member of the Jewish out-group. It is also to find how the attitude gaps relate to the traditionalism level of the in-group and to the region where the subjects live. To begin, a questionnaire was composed that included details about events that provoke feelings of grief and sadness. Subjects were asked in the pilot study to respond emotionally to these events. The hypothesis was that the Arab minority would identify emotionally with their group and less with the Jewish out-group and that a gap would be found that is related to the residential region and society's level of traditionalism. The findings show a bias of emotional attitude to the Arab side. The gaps that were discovered in the attitude to both groups were related to the society's level of traditionalism and partially to the residential region.

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Taylor, B. W. "Demography of pediatric emergency care in Halifax, Canada." CJEM 8, no. 04 (2006): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500013828.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: Demography affects emergency department (ED) utilization and influences the health care needs of patients, yet the demographics of the caregivers who accompany children to pediatric EDs are not well described. The objective of this study was to provide a demographic description of this population. The hypothesis was that single parent status, annual income less than $20 000, and education no greater than high school constitute a social triad that might reduce the ability to provide health care for a sick child. Methods: Over a 1-month period, a convenience survey of caregivers who brought children to a pediatric ED was conducted. Twelve hundred surveys were distributed to 1733 eligible subjects. Social and economic determinants were captured, including age, gender, visible minority status, income group, employment, single parent status and education level. Results: In total, 1018 (85%) of 1200 surveys were returned — a population response rate of 59%. Single parent status, income less than $20 000/yr, and education no greater than high school were found to be risk factors for altered delivery of health care. Overall, 40.9% of caregivers had at least one risk factor, including 43.2% of women, 63.4% of those under 30 years of age, 65.1% of those with visible minority status, and 71.6% of women who were from a visible minority. In addition, 41.7% of single parents had no more than a high school education, and 75.7% of single parent families had incomes of less than $40 000 per year. Conclusions: It was found that a high level of educational, social and financial disadvantage in our population. These factors may adversely affect parental capability to provide health care at home for their child. The extent of this problem in other regions is not well defined and should be a focus of future research. It is recommended that inquiry into parental income, education and single parent status be a routine part of the history in pediatric emergency populations.

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Michalikova, Nina, and Philip Q. Yang. "Social Distances of Whites to Racial or Ethnic Minorities." Ethnic Studies Review 34, no. 1 (2011): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2011.34.1.21.

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Prior research on social distance between racial or ethnic groups in the United States has focused mainly on attitudes of white Americans toward African Americans. Extending previous research, this study analyzes social distances of whites to racial or ethnic minority groups by investigating how whites feel about blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. The main hypothesis is that whites feel coolest toward blacks, warmest toward Asians, and somewhat in between toward Hispanics. The 2002 General Social Survey and ordinary least squares regression are used to test the hypothesis. The results indicate that contrary to our hypothesis, whites feel coolest toward Asians, warmest toward Hispanics, and somewhat in between toward blacks. Nativity, religious similarity/dissimilarity, racial hierarchy and tension, proximity of the country of origin, and group diversity may offer plausible explanations for the unexpected result. This study also examines which types of whites are more likely to maintain a greater or smaller social distance with the three minority groups. Implications of the findings for race and ethnic relations today are addressed.

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Alvídrez, Salvador, Juan-José Igartua, and Mar Martínez-Rosón. "Representaciones esquemáticas de minorías étnicas en jóvenes universitarios." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (2015): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.183941.

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This study analyzes the cognitive representations of ethnic minorities in a sample of Spanish undergraduate students. As a general hypothesis it was predicted that perceived differences in social status shape these representations and expectations for contact. In consecutive group interviews, participants were quizzed about their knowledge, experiences and expectations associated with social interactions with people belonging to ethnic minority groups. The information obtained from the participants was analyzed by using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques in order to discover underlying dimensions in their responses. The results confirmed our prediction by displaying different associations between different types of contact (e.g., positive, negative) and the representations of minorities according to their position in the perceived social hierarchy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential implications for contact interventions.

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Moore, Corey Leshandon. "The Minority Group Model and Persons With Disabilities: Toward a More Progressive Disability Public Policy in the United States of America." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 4, no. 1 (1998): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132389220000137x.

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The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are evidence of the progress, in relation to civil rights, made in the disability public policy arena. Similarly, much progress has been made in regard to societal values and attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Although much progress has been made for persons with disabilities, there is much work to be done. An abundance of concerns have recently surfaced regarding whether the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the ADA effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities. In light of recent concerns, some social scientist have advocated the minority group model as a catalyst for creating public policy that will effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities. The belief is that this perception of persons with disabilities would further progress society's value of promoting the well being of others, respecting the rights of others and promoting the fair distribution of society's resources. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis that society's perception of persons with disabilities as a bona fide minority group will change societal values resulting in a more progressive public policy.

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Mazur, Kevin. "State Networks and Intra-Ethnic Group Variation in the 2011 Syrian Uprising." Comparative Political Studies 52, no. 7 (2018): 995–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414018806536.

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The 2011 Syrian uprising looks, from afar, like a paradigmatic example of ethnically exclusive rule giving way to civil war. The ruling regime is drawn almost exclusively from the Alawi minority, and the challengers were drawn heavily from the Sunni majority. But many Sunnis remained quiescent or actively supported the regime. This article argues that variation in revolutionary participation among members of an excluded ethnic group is best explained in terms of the networks states construct across ethnic boundaries. It identifies several forms of linkage that regimes can develop with their subject populations and relates them to variations in local social structure. Drawing on an original data set of ethnic identity and challenge events in the Syrian uprising, the article quantitatively tests the state networks hypothesis. Its findings suggest that the mechanisms commonly associated with ethnic identity and “ethnic exclusion” frequently operate upon social boundaries below the ethnic group level.

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Allen, Geoff. "The resilience of ethnic minority parties in the face of strategic voting incentives." Party Politics 23, no. 5 (2015): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068815610967.

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Recent research has indicated that social heterogeneity impacts party system size, even in restrictive settings. This research as yet has not established whether it is minority or majority voters who are behaving outside Duvergerian expectations. This study argues that it is ethnic voters that seem to defect from their parties at lower rates, which explains why small parties proliferate and persist in heterogeneous states. This hypothesis is tested on party-in-district level election returns in the German lander Schleswig-Holstein. The results show that small ethnic parties suffer notably less defection than small non-ethnic parties. The study proposes a number of potential causal mechanisms that could be driving ethnic voters, as a group, to defect at lower rates than non-ethnic voters.

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Abdelhadi, Eman, and John O’Brien. "Perceived Group Deprivation and Intergroup Solidarity: Muslims’ Attitudes towards Other Minorities in the United States." Religions 11, no. 11 (2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11110604.

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What is the relationship between the sense of perceived discrimination among members of a marginalized racial, ethnic, or religious group and their political attitudes towards other marginalized groups within their society? Research on minority groups in politics has established that the feeling that one’s own group is socially deprived and discriminated against is generally associated with an increase in within-group solidarity, observable in members’ stronger expressions of collective identity—also called “group consciousness” or “linked fate”—as well as their robust support for political parties and policies seen as directly benefitting members of their in group. Yet an underappreciated strand of this same research suggests that a strong sense of in-group deprivation may also lead to greater empathy and political support for other marginalized minorities, a phenomenon we refer to as intergroup solidarity. In this paper, we use the case of Muslim Americans to test the hypothesis that perceptions of group deprivation can lead to increased intergroup solidarity with other socially marginalized racial, ethnic, and religious minorities. We find that Muslims who feel that they have been discriminated against and/or who believe Muslims as a group are a target of discrimination are more likely to embrace the struggles of other groups and recognize the marginalization of other groups. Our findings suggest that in-group political consciousness raising may be a first step toward intergroup coalition building among those who suffer from discrimination and marginalization.

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CHOU, RITA JING-ANN, and NAMKEE G. CHOI. "Prevalence and correlates of perceived workplace discrimination among older workers in the United States of America." Ageing and Society 31, no. 6 (2011): 1051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10001297.

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ABSTRACTThe workplace is one of the areas in which discrimination most frequently occurs. Despite increasing workforce participation among older adults and the adverse effects of workplace discrimination on the physical and psychological wellbeing of older adults, limited attention has been given to workplace discrimination against older workers. Based on a national survey of 420 older workers age 50 and above, this study first examined the prevalence of perceived workplace discrimination. Results indicated more than 81 per cent of the older workers encountered at least one workplace discriminatory treatment within a year. Prevalence of perceived workplace discrimination differed with age, gender, education, occupation and wage. The study further tested two competing hypotheses on the level of perceived workplace discrimination and found mixed support for both. As hypothesised (based on the social barriers theory), lower education and racial/ethnic minority status were positively associated with perceived workplace discrimination. As counter-hypothesised (based on the attribution-sensitivity theory), younger ages and being male were positively associated with perceived workplace discrimination. In examining the roles of supervisor and co-worker support, the study discovered that supervisor support was negatively associated with workplace discrimination. Finally, this study revealed a non-linear relationship between wages and perceived workplace discrimination, with the mid-range wage group experiencing the highest level of workplace discrimination.

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Tannenbaum, Cara, and Blye Frank. "Masculinity and Health in Late Life Men." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 3 (2010): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988310384609.

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Masculinity is a social construction that defines itself according to context. Older men constitute an unseen minority when it comes to their health, and thus the study of masculinity as it relates to health in older men requires deeper understanding. This article offers insights into how gender, health, and ageing interact for older men and explores how men negotiate the concept of masculinity in later life. The findings from two complementary studies are presented and discussed. The first study, a qualitative analysis of focus group discussions held with 48 community-dwelling older men, indicates that the desire to uphold hegemonic ideals of independence, self-reliance, and imperviousness to pain and illness are embedded in older men’s health-related beliefs and behaviors. Ill health and help seeking are often perceived as a threat to the masculine identity, and taking action for health is considered only when health status jeopardizes independence. In the second study, more than 2,000 men aged 55 to 97 years responded to a postal survey on health behaviors and masculinity. Results of the survey indicated that age predicts health behaviors and health care seeking better than scores on a masculinity index, which tended to remain stable regardless of age. Both the qualitative and quantitative findings support the hypothesis that with age men will succeed in incorporating actions into their daily lives in a way that does not conflict with their perceived resilience to frailty and weakness, even if such actions involve seeking help for illness or adopting healthier lifestyle behaviors.

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Clarke, D. E., A. Colantonio, A. E. Rhodes, and M. Escobar. "Pathways to suicidality across ethnic groups in Canadian adults: the possible role of social stress." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 3 (2007): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002103.

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BackgroundEthnicity is an important determinant of mental health outcomes including suicidality (i.e. suicidal ideation and suicide attempt). Understanding ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality is important for suicide prevention efforts in ethnically diverse populations. These pathways can be conceptualized within a social stress framework.MethodThe study examines ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality in Canada within a social stress framework. Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 (CCHS 1.1) and path analysis, we examined the hypotheses that variations in (1) socio-economic status (SES), (2) sense of community belonging (SCB), (3) SES and SCB combined, and (4) SES, SCB and clinical factors combined can explain ethnic differences in suicidality.ResultsFrancophone whites and Aboriginals were more likely to report suicidality compared to Anglophone whites whereas visible minorities and Foreign-born whites were least likely. Disadvantages in income, income and education, income and its combined effect with depression and alcohol dependence/abuse led to high rates even among the low-risk visible minority group. Indirect pathways for Asians differed from that of Blacks and South Asians, specifically through SCB. With the exception of SCB, Aboriginals were most disadvantaged, which exacerbated their risk for suicidality. However, their strong SCB buffered the risk for suicidality across pathways. Disadvantages in education, income and SCB were associated with the high risk for suicidality in Francophone whites.ConclusionsFrancophone whites and Aboriginals had higher odds of suicidality compared to Anglophone whites; however, some pathways differed, indicating the need for targeted program planning and prevention efforts.

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Brown, Barry S., George W. Joe, and Peggy Thompson. "Minority Group Status and Treatment Retention." International Journal of the Addictions 20, no. 2 (1985): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088509044914.

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Wertlieb, Ellen C. "Minority Group Status of the Disabled." Human Relations 38, no. 11 (1985): 1047–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872678503801104.

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Girvan, A. C., G. Peltz, E. Pennella, et al. "An observational study of the impact of ethnicity on patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the second-line setting with pemetrexed: Preliminary results in African Americans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): e20624-e20624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20624.

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e20624 Background: African-Americans are more likely to develop and die from lung cancer than persons of any other ethnic group. Historically, African-Americans have been under-represented in oncology clinical research. This prospective, single-arm, observational study evaluates the impact of ethnicity on disease control rate (DCR) (CR + PR + SD)) in patients (pts) with non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) being treated with pemetrexed (Pem) in the second-line setting. Methods: Eligibility criteria include stage IIIB or IV NSCLC pts receiving Pem for second-line therapy with no restrictions on performance status. An accrual of 200 African-Americans, 200 Hispanics, 200 Asian-Americans, and 400 Caucasians is planned to test the hypothesis that subjects from these minority populations with advanced NSCLC will have DCRs that are not inferior to Caucasian subjects during second-line treatment with Pem in routine clinical practice. This report describes observations from an early examination of the data of the Caucasian and African-American pts enrolled. Results: 293 pts have been enrolled in this study including 243 Caucasians and 34 African-Americans. Demographics of Caucasians: M/F (136:107); median age 66 (range 37–88); histology adenocarcinoma/squamous/other/unknown (141:67:33:2). Demographics of African-Americans: M/F (21:13); median age 64 (range 43–80); histology adenocarcinoma/squamous/other/unknown (22:9:3:0). DCR in Caucasians: 38% (CI= 28–47%: 3 CR, 8 PR, and 34 SD in 120 of the 243 pts). DCR in African-Americans: 61% (CI=36–86%: 0 CR, 0 PR, and 11 SD in 18 of the 34 pts). Updated safety and efficacy data will be available. Conclusions: Preliminary results based on limited data do not indicate an inferior response for African-American pts compared to Caucasian pts being treated with Pem for NSCLC in the second-line setting. Additional data are needed to establish a definitive conclusion. [Table: see text]

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Giles, Howard, Laura Leets, and Nikolas Coupland. "Minority language group status: A theoretical conspexus." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 11, no. 1-2 (1990): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1990.9994400.

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Hehman, Eric, Samuel L. Gaertner, John F. Dovidio, et al. "Group Status Drives Majority and Minority Integration Preferences." Psychological Science 23, no. 1 (2011): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611423547.

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Markides, Kyriakos S. "Minority Status, Aging, and Mental Health." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 23, no. 4 (1986): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n0x1-2486-l9nn-jkmq.

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Research findings on mental health and life satisfaction among aged blacks, Mexican-Americans and native Americans are reviewed. Although the literature has generally followed a social stress perspective that predicts greater mental health problems among minority group aged, the evidence shows that mental health and life satisfaction of these groups is not any lower than might be anticipated based on their relative socioeconomic standing. It is concluded that, despite increased research, little is known about how ethnicity and minority group status influence psychopathology and life satisfaction in late life.

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Hipp, John R., and Rebecca Wickes. "Minority Status Distortion and Preference for In-group Ties." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 2 (April 5, 2016): 237802311664028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023116640281.

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Angel, Jacqueline L., and Ronald J. Angel. "Minority Group Status and Healthful Aging: Social Structure Still Matters." American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 7 (2006): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2006.085530.

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Sachdev, Itesh, and Richard Y. Bourhis. "Power and status differentials in minority and majority group relations." European Journal of Social Psychology 21, no. 1 (1991): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420210102.

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Schofield, P., J. Das-Munshi, L. Bécares, et al. "Minority status and mental distress: a comparison of group density effects." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 14 (2016): 3051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716001835.

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BackgroundIt has been observed that mental disorders, such as psychosis, are more common for people in some ethnic groups in areas where their ethnic group is less common. We set out to test whether this ethnic density effect reflects minority status in general, by looking at three situations where individual characteristics differ from what is usual in a locality.MethodUsing data from the South East London Community Health study (n = 1698) we investigated associations between minority status (defined by: ethnicity, household status and occupational social class) and risk of psychotic experiences, common mental disorders and parasuicide. We used a multilevel logistic model to examine cross-level interactions between minority status at individual and neighbourhood levels.ResultsBeing Black in an area where this was less common (10%) was associated with higher odds of psychotic experiences [odds ratio (OR) 1.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.67], and attempted suicide (OR 1.84 95% CI 1.19–2.85). Living alone where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences (OR 2.18 95% CI 0.91–5.26), while being in a disadvantaged social class where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of attempted suicide (OR 1.33 95% CI 1.03–1.71). We found no evidence for an association with common mental disorders.ConclusionsThe relationship between minority status and mental distress was most apparent when defined in terms of broad ethnic group but was also observed for individual household status and occupational social class.

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Mesch, Gustavo, Rita Mano, and Judith Tsamir. "Minority status and health information search: A test of the social diversification hypothesis." Social Science & Medicine 75, no. 5 (2012): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.024.

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Nielsen, Ingrid, and Russell Smyth. "The Contact Hypothesis in Urban China: The Perspective of Minority-Status Migrant Workers." Journal of Urban Affairs 33, no. 4 (2011): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2011.00562.x.

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Ifatunji, Mosi Adesina. "A TEST OF THE AFRO CARIBBEAN MODEL MINORITY HYPOTHESIS." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 1 (2016): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000035.

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AbstractThroughout the twentieth century, Black immigrants from the Caribbean attained greater socioeconomic status than African Americans. Although Black immigrants remain an understudied population, recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans continue to outperform African Americans in the labor market. Given that these groups share a set of racialized physical features, some contend that this gap highlights the role of cultural attributes in the manufacture of Black ethnic and Black-White racial disparities. In this study, I investigate the degree to which cultural attributes associated with a specific form of themodel minority hypothesisare responsible for disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I use data from theNational Survey of American Lifein order to test for the relative roles of work ethic, economic autonomy, oppositionality, family structure and function, and racial attitudes in the manufacture of disparate labor market outcomes between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I find mixed support for the idea that Afro Caribbeans constitute a model minority vis-à-vis African Americans and that differences in model minority attributes are only partially responsible for these labor market disparities. My findings suggest that racial inequality will not be undone if the racially stigmatized and marginalized simply work harder and complain less about race and racism in the United States.

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Verkuyten, Maykel. "Ethnic Group Identification and Group Evaluation Among Minority and Majority Groups: Testing the Multiculturalism Hypothesis." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88, no. 1 (2005): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.121.

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Zins, Joseph E., and Antoinette Halsell. "Status of Ethnic Minority Group Members in School Psychology Training Programs." School Psychology Review 15, no. 1 (1986): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1986.12085210.

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CHONG, DENNIS, and DUKHONG KIM. "The Experiences and Effects of Economic Status Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities." American Political Science Review 100, no. 3 (2006): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055406062228.

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We propose and test a theory of opportunities that explains the conditions in which economic status affects support for racial and ethnic group interests among African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans. Using data from a 2001 Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University national survey, our analysis finds that, for all minority groups, the effect of economic status on support for group interests is mediated by the socioeconomic experiences of individuals. Intergroup differences therefore result from varying experiences and perceptions of discrimination among minority groups rather than from group-specific theoretical processes. Compared to Latinos and Asian Americans, African Americans are least responsive to changes in economic circumstances because they are on the whole more pessimistic about their life prospects and more likely to encounter discrimination. But we find in general that, among those minority individuals who perceive equal opportunity and experience less discrimination, higher economic status often leads to a reduced emphasis on race and ethnicity. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of a minority group into American society depends not only on the actions of group members but also on the fair treatment of that group by the majority population.

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Chabé-Ferret, Bastien, and Paolo Melindi Ghidi. "Differences in fertility behavior and uncertainty: an economic theory of the minority status hypothesis." Journal of Population Economics 26, no. 3 (2012): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0434-8.

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Brewer, Marilynn B., Jorge M. Manzi, and John S. Shaw. "In-Group Identification as a Function of Depersonalization, Distinctiveness, and Status." Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (1993): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00466.x.

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Artificial social categories were created in a laboratory context in order to test predictions regarding the relative importance of group size and status as determinants of in-group favoritism. Subjects were assigned to categories of “overestimator” or “under estimator” and were told that one category included a majority of college students while the other represented a minority. Prior to category assignment, half of the subjects had been given confidentiality instructions designed to make them feel highly depersonalized. Based on feedback about test performance, status differentials between the two estimation categories were introduced. Consistent with predictions, there was a three-way interaction between depersonalization, in-group size, and in-group status as determinants of evaluative in-group bias on social trait ratings. Under control conditions (no depersonalization), group status and majority size both contributed to positive valuations of the in-group. Under the depersonalization condition, however, subjects valued minority group membership more than majority categorization, and the effect of status was eliminated.

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Garlick, Rick, and Paul A. Mongeau. "Argument quality and group member status as determinants of attitudinal minority influence." Western Journal of Communication 57, no. 3 (1993): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570319309374455.

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Angel, Ronald J., Jacqueline L. Angel, and Christine L. Himes. "Minority Group Status, Health Transitions, and Community Living Arrangements among the Elderly." Research on Aging 14, no. 4 (1992): 496–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027592144004.

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Damri, Noam, and Howard Litwin. "Minority population group status and QOL change: the case of older Israelis." European Journal of Ageing 13, no. 4 (2016): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10433-016-0396-x.

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Schölmerich, Axel, Birgit Leyendecker, Banu Citlak, Ulrike Caspar, and Julia Jäkel. "Assessment of Migrant and Minority Children." Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 216, no. 3 (2008): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.216.3.187.

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Testing children with minority status or migration background poses particular challenges for educators and researchers. More obvious are language barriers, but there may also be more complex limitations based on cultural or contextual differences. The literature on testing migrant and minority children is summarized in a brief historical perspective, focusing on the use of standardized tests. Potential biases in testing minority and migrant children are discussed, and empirical results of testing two groups of preschool age children of nonmigrant (N = 50) and migrant status (N = 35) with the ET 6–6 in Germany are presented. Results indicate significant group differences to the disadvantage of the migrant children in some scales, however, both groups scored within the normal range of one standard deviation around the test norm. The migrant group children were tested in their dominant language, and they used more time to complete the test. Interpretation of test results should use caution, particularly when using tests to support placement in educational settings.

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Crisp, Ross. "Minority Group Identification, Community Integration and Self-esteem Among Deaf Persons." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 1, no. 2 (1995): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001976.

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Minority group identification, community integration and self-esteem was investigated among 55 adult deaf persons. Deaf persons who reported greater levels of deaf minority group identification also reported significantly higher levels of self-esteem than those with less deaf group identification. Second, employed deaf persons reported higher levels of self-esteem than those who were unemployed. Employment status was, however, independent of involvement in both “mainstream” and deaf community activities. Implications for rehabilitation counsellors are discussed.

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Van der Ven, E. "The Social Defeat Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: an Update." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.068.

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Research provides strong evidence of an elevated risk for developing psychotic symptoms and psychotic disorder among various ethnic and other minority groups. Furthermore, ethnicity may modify the risk for autism-spectrum disorder, but the evidence of this is still thin. Misdiagnosis, selective migration and other methodological artefacts are implausible explanations for the findings on psychotic disorder. Instead, we propose that ‘social defeat’, defined as the chronic experience of being excluded from the majority group, may increase the risk for psychotic disorder by sensitizing the mesolimbic dopamine system. Future challenges lie in connecting the underlying biological mechanisms to behavioral expression in socially excluded groups, as well as in bridging the gap with the clinical field and the wider society by stimulating the implementation of strategies that strengthen the position of minority populations.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Timmins, Liam, Katharine A. Rimes, and Qazi Rahman. "Minority stressors, rumination, and psychological distress in monozygotic twins discordant for sexual minority status." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 10 (2017): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171700321x.

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AbstractBackgroundLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals report higher levels of depression and anxiety than heterosexual people. Genetic factors may be a ‘common cause’ of sexual minority status and psychological distress. Alternatively, these may be correlated because of non-genetic environmental factors (e.g. minority stressors). This study investigated minority stressors and distress in monozygotic twins discordant for sexual minority status. This design provides a test of the role of non-shared environmental factors while minimizing differences due to genetics.MethodsThirty-eight twin pairs in which one was heterosexual and the other was LGB completed a survey. Differences between twin pairs in minority stressors, rumination, psychological distress, and gender non-conformity were examined. Associations between these variables were also tested.ResultsAlthough there were no significant group differences for distress, LGB twins had higher rumination, a vulnerability factor for distress, than heterosexual co-twins. LGB twins also had higher scores than heterosexual co-twins on expectations of rejection, active concealment, self-stigma, prejudice events, childhood gender non-conformity, and lower scores on sexual orientation disclosure. Differences between twin pairs in rumination were positively associated with differences in acceptance concerns and self-stigma. Finally, self-stigma was positively associated with rumination in the full sample of heterosexual co-twins and microaggressions were positively associated with rumination when looking at exclusively heterosexual co-twins.ConclusionsThese results support environmental factors as a causal explanation for disparities in rumination between LGB and heterosexual individuals. These factors likely include minority stressors. Rumination may also be associated with minority stressors in heterosexual MZ co-twins of LGB individuals.

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Hewstone, Miles, Richard J. Crisp, and Rhiannon N. Turner. "Perceptions of Gender Group Variability in Majority and Minority Contexts." Social Psychology 42, no. 2 (2011): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000056.

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Two field studies demonstrated that majority and minority size moderate perceived group variability. In Study 1 we found an outgroup homogeneity (OH) effect for female nurses in the majority, but an ingroup homogeneity (IH) effect for a token minority of male nurses. In Study 2 we found similar effects in a different setting – an OH effect for policemen in the majority and an IH effect for policewomen in the minority. Although measures of visibility, status, and, especially, familiarity tended to show the same pattern as perceived variability, there was no evidence that they mediated perceived dispersion. Results are discussed in terms of group size, rather than gender, being moderators of perceived variability, and with reference to Kanter’s (1977a , 1977b ) theory of group proportions.

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Radzewicz, Edyta. "Irlandzcy Trawelerzy i status mniejszości etnicznej." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 62, no. 2 (2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2018.62.2.2.

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The Irish Travellers, a native, traditionally migratory group, were recently accorded formal recognition in the Republic of Ireland, ending more than three decades of political negation of Traveller ethnicity by the Irish authorities. Awarding the Travellers the status of ethnic minority should lead to changes in state policy, which previously perceived the Travellers and their way of life in terms of a social problem; above all, there should now be hope for a new, more equal social position for the Travellers in today’s increasingly diverse Ireland. The author discusses the mobilization of the Irish Travellers and the circumstances of their being awarded ethnic minority status. She also considers the Travellers’ attitudes to the question, on the basis of her own field work conducted among the Traveller community in Galway in western Ireland.

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Vorauer, Jacquie D., and Matthew S. Quesnel. "Ideology and Voice." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 8 (2017): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617691095.

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What situational forces might enhance ethnic minority group members’ voice and ability to exert social influence during exchanges with dominant group members? Two experiments involving face-to-face dyadic intergroup interaction examined whether making multiculturalism salient to minority group members would increase the extent to which they persuaded a dominant interaction partner of their own point of view on a series of controversial social issues. Results were consistent with this hypothesis and further indicated that minority group members expressed their own point of view more clearly and directly when multicultural ideology was made salient to them as compared to when it was not, which contributed (marginally) to their heightened persuasiveness. Salient multiculturalism did not have comparable effects on dominant group members’ persuasiveness or clarity of expression. These results raise the possibility that making multicultural ideology salient might set the stage for minority group members to have a stronger voice in intergroup exchanges.

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Rudman, Laurie A., Joshua Feinberg, and Kimberly Fairchild. "Minority Members' Implicit Attitudes: Automatic Ingroup Bias As A Function Of Group Status." Social Cognition 20, no. 4 (2002): 294–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.20.4.294.19908.

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Askin, Noah. "Threading the Diversity Needle: The Impact of Minority Group Presence on Organizational Status." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 12443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.12443abstract.

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