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Journal articles on the topic 'Minority languages'
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Limberger, Bernardo Kolling, Sebastian Kürschner, Cléo Vilson Altenhofen, and Isabella Mozzillo. "Minority languages." Revista Linguagem & Ensino 23, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/rle.v23i4.19938.
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Dymet, Marcin. "Digital Language Divide in the European High North: The Level of Online Presence of Minority Languages from Northern Finland, Norway and Sweden." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 10, no. 1 (2019): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_010010012.
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One of the inequalities generated by the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is the digital language divide, that is, differences in the online presence of languages and unequal access to information due to the lack of understanding of the available content. The digital language divide is particularly visible in the case of small languages with a low number of speakers. There is a large group of languages with non-existent or irrelevant online presence. This is often the case of the endangered minority languages. The number of language speakers or the level of knowledge of a given language is not sufficient to generate a vital online community. This article presents the current language situation in the European High North with a focus on minority languages: Sámi and Meänkieli languages in Sweden, Sámi and Kven languages in Norway, and Sámi languages in Finland. It also introduces the phenomenon of digital language divide. The article explores the current situation of the minority languages in the European High North in light of their online presence. It responds to the following questions: Is there online presence of the studied minority languages? Is there a need amongst the minorities’ members for more extensive presence? To conclude, the article discusses the possible effects of a language’s underrepresentation.
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Walter, Stephen L., and Kay R. Ringenberg. "Language Policy, Literacy, and Minority Languages." Review of Policy Research 13, no. 3-4 (September 1994): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1994.tb00611.x.
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Pasikowska-Schnass, Magdalena. "Eskualdeetako hizkuntza gutxituen estatusa Europar Batasunean." BAT SOZIOLINGUISTIKA ALDIZKARIA 122-123, no. 1 (2022): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.55714/bat-122123.10.
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In the European Union between 40 and 50 million people speak one of its regional and minority languages, some of which are at great risk. International bodies such as UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the OSCE are implementing initiatives to combat the loss of minority languages and protect their linguistic rights. Not respecting the rights of regions or minorities constitutes racial discrimination and the infringement of human rights. Although language policy is an exclusive competence of the Member States, the EU can support action to promote and protect the languages of the regions and their minorities. However, the complex political and economic situation of the EU at present is not conducive to such efforts. Nevertheless, over the years the European Union has implemented initiatives related to education in all areas of language use. The European Parliament supports the promotion of regional and minority languages and advocates the protection of languages at risk. This article sets out to describe the sociolinguistic situation in the European Union and to share the tools and initiatives created to maintain this linguistic diversity. • Key words: European Union, minority languages, language policy, legal protection, region.
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Kiss, Attila. "Language Ideologies and Learning Historical Minority Languages." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/2015090105.
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Language ideologies surrounding the learning of historical minority languages deserve more/closer attention because due to the strong nation state ideology, the relation between majority and minority languages has long been problematic, and native speakers of majority languages do not typically learn the languages of the minorities voluntarily. This article discusses the language ideologies of voluntary learners of Swedish and Hungarian in two contexts where these languages are historical minority languages. Data was collected at evening courses in Oradea, Romania and Jyväskylä, Finland on which a qualitative analysis was conducted. In the analysis, an ethnographic and discourse analysis perspective was adopted, and language ideologies were analyzed in their interactional form, acknowledging the position of the researcher in the co-construction of language ideologies in the interviews. The results show that the two contexts are very different, although there are also similarities in the language ideologies of the learners which seem to be significantly influenced by the prevailing historical discourses in place about the use and role of these languages. In the light of resilient historical metanarratives, I suggest that the challenges related to the learning of historical minority languages lie in the historical construction of modern ethnolinguistic nation-states and the present trajectories of such projects. At the same time, the learning of historical languages in contemporary globalized socio-cultural contexts can build on new post-national ideologies, such as the concept of learning historical languages as commodities.
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Vass, Ágnes. "If Yes, Why Not? Minority Language Use and Accommodation of Minority Language Rights in Slovakia." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2015-0012.
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Abstract This article gives an overview of the actual situation of language rights in Slovakia, focusing mainly on the minority language usage. The status of minority languages in Slovakia is still a politicized question and a series of conflicts arose especially between Slovak political elites and the representatives of ethnic Hungarians because of the controversial legislation of minority language rights. Slovakia was subjected in the field of minority protection and heavily criticized during the adoption of the State Language Law. Strict regulations on the use of state language have negative effects on the use of minority languages as well. In spite of the fact that in 1999 the Law on Use of Minority Languages was adopted and Slovakia ratified all of the international agreements in this field, the problem of minority language usage was not solved. This legal vacuum motivated the Hungarian civil sphere to take alternative actions in order to ensure bilingualism and promote the use of minority languages in official communication. Summarizing the legal accommodation of minority language rights, this paper is devoted to examine a recently less-observed civil activism supporting the use of regional languages in Slovakia.
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Debbarma, Sudeshna, and Mousami Debbarma. "The Minority Languages of Tripura with Special Reference to Kokborok Language: A Study on the Language Demography of Tripura, India." Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijll2425.
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Linguistically, Tripura is a case of one dominant language and several minority languages. This study aims to identify the minority languages endemic to Tripura, with the objective of preserving and protecting the identified languages. The present study is based on the secondary data collected from the Census of India, 2011 and Ethnologue, 2024. The descriptive research method has been used to analyse the data. The study reveals that eight minority languages are enlisted by the Directorate of Kokborok and Other Minority Languages in Tripura. The eight languages are Kokborok, Manipuri, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Kuki-Mizo, Garo, Halam, Chakma and Mogh. Out of the eight minority languages enlisted by the said directorate of Tripura, Kokborok is the only language endemic to Tripura, and other minority languages have their language core areas outside the state. The core area of Kokborok is situated in Tripura, and the periphery areas are spread in the adjacent Indian states of Mizoram and Assam and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. However, the Kokborok language is a vulnerable minority language in its core area. The language speakers account for only 25.9 per cent of the total speakers in Tripura. Even after gaining official status on January 19, 1979, the Kokborok language is not widely used in educational institutions, official circulars, press, television, courts, and financial or social institutions, weakening language vitality. Therefore, considering the endemic character of the Kokborok language, meaning that the Kokborok language holds unique traits and adaptations to environmental conditions in the region, its minority status and low language vitality, the Kokborok language needs to be preserved and protected.
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ROCHE, GERALD, and HIROYUKI SUZUKI. "Tibet's Minority Languages: Diversity and endangerment." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 4 (April 26, 2018): 1227–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1600072x.
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AbstractAsia is the world's most linguistically diverse continent and its diversity largely conforms to established global patterns that correlate linguistic diversity with biodiversity, latitude, and topography. However, one Asian region stands out as an anomaly in these patterns—Tibet, which is often portrayed as linguistically homogenous. A growing body of research now suggests that Tibet is linguistically diverse. In this article, we examine this literature in an attempt to quantify Tibet's linguistic diversity. We focus on the minority languages of Tibet—languages that are neither Chinese nor Tibetan. We provide five different estimates of how many minority languages are spoken in Tibet. We also interrogate these sources for clues about language endangerment among Tibet's minority languages and propose a sociolinguistic categorization of Tibet's minority languages that enables broad patterns of language endangerment to be perceived. Appendices include lists of the languages identified in each of our five estimates, along with references to key sources on each language. Our survey found that as many as 60 minority languages may be spoken in Tibet and that the majority of these languages are endangered to some degree. We hope our contribution inspires further research into the predicament of Tibet's minority languages and helps support community efforts to maintain and revitalize these languages.
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Hildebrandt, Kristine A., and Jessica S. Krim. "Minority language education in Nepal." Language Problems and Language Planning 42, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 16–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00003.hil.
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Abstract This article, a case study in one group of communities of Nepal, considers minority language education in the face of increasing encroachment of the dominant and national language Nepali. Our over-arching research question asks, in the context of local education, what we can observe about the perceived value, use of, and competition between two local languages (Gurung, Gyalsumdo) and also between these languages and Nepali (the national language of Nepal) in the Manang District. We find persistent divisions amongst residents and educators about the current and future role of local languages.
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Smith, Peter. "The Effects of Language Policy on Minority Languages." European Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 3 (July 11, 2024): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ejl.2054.
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Purpose: The general objective of this study was to investigate the effects of language policy on minority languages. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to language policy on minority languages. Preliminary empirical review revealed that supportive and well-implemented language policies significantly contributed to the preservation and revitalization of minority languages. It found that bilingual education programs and media representation were crucial for maintaining linguistic diversity, but their success depended on adequate resources, trained educators, and community involvement. The study also emphasized the importance of community-driven policies, advocating for a bottom-up approach to ensure cultural sensitivity and sustainability. Overall, the research highlighted the need for comprehensive and inclusive language policies to protect and promote minority languages. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Linguistic Relativity Theory, Language Ecology Theory and Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effects of language policy on minority languages. The study recommended integrating sociolinguistic and ecological perspectives into theoretical frameworks, enhancing bilingual and multilingual education, and utilizing modern technology for language preservation. It emphasized robust legislative frameworks to support minority languages, continuous policy evaluation, and active community involvement in language planning. The study also suggested incorporating minority languages into economic and social spheres, promoting international cooperation, and including language preservation in global cultural agendas. These recommendations aimed to advance theory, practice, and policy for better preservation and revitalization of minority languages.
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Purroy, Jesús. "Languages: Spain's minority-language speakers are bilingual." Nature 455, no. 7209 (September 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/455026c.
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Küün, Elvira. "Minority languages in Estonian segregative language environments." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.15.
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The goal of this project in Estonia was to determine what languages are spoken by students from the 2nd to the 5th year of basic school at their homes in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. At the same time, this problem was also studied in other segregated regions of Estonia: Kohtla-Järve and Maardu. According to the database of the population census from the year 2000 (Estonian Statistics Executive Office?s census 2000), there are representatives of 142 ethnic groups living in Estonia, speaking a total of 109 native languages. At the same time, the database doesn’t state which languages are spoken at homes. The material presented in this article belongs to the research topic “Home Language of Basic School Students in Tallinn” from years 2007–2008, specifically financed and ordered by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant No. ETF 7065) in the framework of an international study called “Multilingual Project”. It was determined what language is dominating in everyday use, what are the factors for choosing the language for communication, what are the preferred languages and language skills. This study reflects the actual trends of the language situation in these cities.
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Cronin, Michael. "Altered States: Translation and Minority Languages." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2007): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037198ar.
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Abstract Altered States: Translation and Minority Languages — The linguistic complexity of Europe is often ignored in political accounts of its translation practice. In particular, the historical experience and contemporary fate of European minority languages are overlooked in assessing the translation strategies available to speakers of minority languages. The problem partly results from a failure to think creatively about definitions of minority languages in a translation context. This context includes the dimension of new technologies which may lead to a new reclassification of languages in Europe and elsewhere. The role of translation in the case of one European minority language, Irish Gaelic, is considered in terms of the dilemmas faced by lesser used languages. Translation is both welcomed and feared. The options available to translators in minority languages differ crucially from those on offer to translators in majority languages. These differences need to be reflected in the theoretical discourse on translation in minority languages but this is not often the case. Furthermore, translation studies as a discipline rarely reflects on its own majority language bias, embedded in the structures of the disciplinary dissemination of knowledge. Minority languages are not only essential to a diversity that sustains the fragile ecosystem of human culture but they also raise questions that lie at the heart of translation studies as an area of intellectual inquiry.
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Kuusi, Päivi. "Varovasti, haurasta!" Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 10 (April 1, 2017): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.129420.
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In Translation Studies, minority language translation is an emerging field of research. However, little attention has been paid to translator training for minority languages. This article presents a short survey of the research into this topic and discusses its implications for training minority-language translators. The discussion focuses on the ambiguous role of translation in minority-language contexts and on Toury's (1985) notion of controlled inference. The main challenges faced by minority-language translators are also addressed. These include non-standardized language, a limited number of parallel texts and the lack of specialised terminology. Two points emerge from the discussion. The power asymmetry between minority and dominant languagescombined with the need to fill in the gaps in the target (minority) language (lexical, terminological etc.) make these languages especially fragile as target language of translation, calling for a careful consideration of the impact of translation on a minority language. At the same time, minority languages call for a reassessment of some of the basic tenets of translator training, such as the emphasis on translation as communication and the prevailing market orientation.
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Beheydt, Ludovic. "Onderwijsbeleid en Praktijk in de Meertalige Samenleving." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 74 (January 1, 2005): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.74.10beh.
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The multilingual society is a fact, both in Belgium and in the Netherlands. Minority languages like Arab, Turkish or Hindi have a strong position, even though they are not officially supported. English and the major European languages, on the other hand, have a protected status in education. The European modern languages are being promoted by the official European language policy. The minority languages, however, do not have an official status in education in Flanders and the Netherlands. The academic world asks for more official recognition of the minority languages and resists the idea that all efforts should go into majority standard language education. The official policy, on the other hand, gives absolute priority to the learning of the majority Dutch standard language, as a means to integration of minority groups. Officially, multilingualism is fostered only in so far as the modern European languages are concerned. In Belgium the multilingual language policy is hampered by the existence of a series of language laws that complicate multilingual education.
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Houtkamp, Christopher, and László Marácz. "Are traditional minority languages a bench marking for the rights of migrant languages in the European Union?" Belvedere Meridionale 30, no. 4 (2018): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2018.4.3.
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In this paper a normative position will be defended. We will argue that minimal territorial minority language rights formulated in terms of the personality principle referring to traditional minority languages granted in the framework of the European Union (EU) are a benchmark for non-territorial linguistic rights. Although territorial minority languages should be granted collective rights this is in large parts of Europe not the case. Especially in the Central and Eastern European Member States language rights granted to territorial languages are assigned on the basis of personal language rights. Our argumentation will be elaborated on the basis of a comparative approach discussing the status of a traditional territorial language in Romania, more in particular Hungarian spoken in the Szeklerland area with the one of migrant languages in the Netherlands, more in particular Turkish. In accordance with the language hierarchy implying that territorial languages have a higher status than non-territorial languages both in the EUs and Member States’ language regimes nonterritorial linguistic rights will be realized as personal rights in the first place. Hence, the use of non-territorial minority languages is conditioned much as the use of territorial minority languages in the national Member States. So, the best possible scenario for mobile minority languages is to be recognized as a personal right and receive full support from the states where they are spoken. It is true that learning the host language would make inclusion of migrant language speakers into the host society smoother and securing a better position on the labour market. This should however be done without striving for full assimilation of the speakers of migrant languages for this would violate the linguistic rights of migrants to speak and cultivate one’s own heritage language, violate the EUs linguistic diversity policy, and is against the advantages provided by linguistic capital in the sense of BOURDIEU (1991).
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Hladonik, Gergely. "Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education." Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis, Philologica II, no. 2 (December 16, 2023): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2023-2-120-132.
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Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education The study focuses on Austria’s key language policies and legislations that have an impact on German as a state language as well as minority languages. The Federal Constitution of Austria contains the most important regulations protecting German and minority languages. The first three articles of Austria's Constitution are critical legislations for the protection of state and minority languages. The Austrian Federal Constitution requires ethnic communities to be protected and preserved. The study then goes on to explore the primary organisations and administrations responsible for the evolution of today's Austrian language policy. The system in Austria for safeguarding and promoting minority languages is typically well-developed. Austria has been an active participant in European programmes aimed at the protection of minorities. Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages is a critical step towards the European Union's integration. Austria signed and ratified the Charter in 1992 and 2001, respectively. Slovenians, Croats, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, and Roma are the six indigenous ethnic minorities recognized in Austria. Austria issued its fifth evaluation report in 2023. This report was reviewed by the researcher using critical discursive analysis. Based on the facts gathered, Austria is a country that should be emulated in terms of minority safeguarding and protection; nonetheless, changes are needed in several areas. Keywords: language policy, language policy in education, minorities, minority rights, minority rights in Austria, Austrian language policy
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Yang, Zongji. "Analysis of Minority Cultures from the Perspective of Language and Literature." Advances in Humanities Research 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7080/6/2024064.
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This paper analyzes minority cultures from the perspective of language and literature, exploring the cultural connotations and the inheritance and development within minority languages and literature. By examining the intrinsic connections between language and culture, it reveals the cultural concepts and ways of thinking embedded in minority languages. Through the interpretation of minority literary works, it demonstrates their role as cultural carriers and their unique methods of cultural expression. Furthermore, it discusses the importance and strategies of minority language literature in cultural inheritance and development.
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Khilkhanova, E. V. "Language Policy in Education and Its Role in Preservation of Minority Languages in Russia and Other Countries." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 5 (2020): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.5.261-271.
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The language policy in education and the role of education in the preservation and development of minority languages were discussed. The main approaches and models used for teaching minority languages in Russian and Western European schools were compared. Two main approaches were singled out: “old”, when minority languages are poorly represented in education; “new”, which provides an opportunity to learn these languages in schools. The approaches were illustrated by the example of the Frisian and Basque languages, respectively. The problems of teaching minority languages in Russian schools within a broad political context were considered. It was concluded that the positions of minority languages in education are weak due to their little value for careers and social mobility in the current Russian conditions. The possibility and necessity of taking certain educational measures for preservation and development of minority languages in Russia was substantiated. Their complex nature, including both innovations in the education system and the need to overcome the “monolingual ideology”, was emphasized. The recommendations proposed include the use of international experience in organizing civic initiatives and the introduction of new methods and innovative curricula of bilingual education. The most important measures are related to changing the mass consciousness and language culture of society toward identification of Russia as a multinational and multilingual country.
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Abreu, Elisabeth, and Bernardo Limberger. "Searching for the bilingual advantage in executive functions in speakers of Hunsrückisch and other minority languages: a literature review." Linguistik Online 103, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.103.7171.
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The issue of a bilingual advantage on executive functions has been a hotbed for research and debate. Brazilian studies with the minority language Hunsrückisch have failed to replicate the finding of a bilingual advantage found in international studies with majority languages. This raises the question of whether the reasons behind the discrepant results are related to the language’s minority status. The goal of this paper was to investigate the bilingual advantage on executive functions in studies with minority languages. This is a literature review focusing on state of the art literature on bilingualism and executive functions; as well as a qualitative analysis of the selected corpus in order to tackle the following questions: (1) is there evidence of a bilingual advantage in empirical studies involving minority languages? (2) are there common underlying causes for the presence or absence of the bilingual advantage? (3) can factors pertaining to the language’s minority status be linked to the presence or absence of a bilingual advantage? The analysis revealed that studies form a highly variable group, with mixed results regarding the bilingual advantage, as well as inconsistent controlling of social, cognitive and linguistic factors, as well as different sample sizes. As such, it was not possible to isolate which factors are responsible for the inconsistent results across studies. It is hoped this study will provide an overview that can serve as common ground for future studies involving the issue of a bilingual advantage with speakers of minority languages.
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Krasniqi, Safet, and Halim Bajraktari. "MINORITY LANGUAGES IN KOSOVO." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 11 (December 11, 2020): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.2450.
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The paper includes the legal aspect and political harmonization of human rights and freedom in the context of an analysis about the legitimate and executive function of the state of Kosovo. Guaranteeing civil rights it’s a part of and obligation that Kosovo institutions have, that are accorded in the legal structure of the fundamental human rights. This approach, mostly has to do with the majority community in Kosovo, that legally and politically are constitutional category.
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LAPONCE, J. A. "MINORITY LANGUAGES AND GLOBALIZATION." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110490450755.
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Goro Christoph, Kimura. "Esperanto and minority languages." Language Problems and Language Planning 36, no. 2 (August 10, 2012): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.36.2.05kim.
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Esperanto seems to share several basic characteristics with minority languages. Tendencies regarded as basic features of the Esperanto community, such as voluntariness, non-ethnic composition, non-territorial distribution or the “internal idea” can be observed also among minority languages. It can thus be argued that phenomena and tendencies that can be observed in the case of Esperanto are even clearer or more pronounced in the case of the (other) minority languages, and vice versa. The two can function as “mirrors” for one another. Not only their aims to promote multilingualism, but also the current opportunities and problems that these strikingly similar linguistic communities face, appear to make cooperation useful and open new prospects for comparative research.
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Dołowy, Nicole. "Możliwości rewitalizacji zagrożonych języków: między odpowiedzialnością państwa a działaniami mniejszości językowych." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 52, no. 2 (April 9, 2008): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2008.52.2.10.
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The article considers the main ways, aims and possibilities of revitalising minority languages. The discussion is based on an analysis of a few minority languages (Welsh, Wendi’s and Breton) and the action being taken in order to keep them alive. The author asks the question as to the degree to which minority cultures and their rights to minority languages are respected by the state and the significance of this to the revitalisation of seriously endangered languages. Her answer is that the most effective method of protecting endangered languages is to support action conducted by representatives of the minority cultures, which will improve the standing of that language and will encourage its use in public life and – at least partly – on official occasions (not forgetting about the introduction of those languages into the education system).
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Ilic, Marija. "Dynamics of linguistic and social change: Minority languages in Hungary and the sociolinguistic situation of Serbian." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 65 (2009): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0965331i.
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Over the past decades, minority languages and processes of language shift/maintenance have become an important scholarly concern. This paper aims to describe in brief the sociolinguistic situation of the Serbian minority language in Hungary with special attention paid to the relation between language ideology and processes of language shift/maintenance. The first section of this paper presents the current socio-political framework for protection of minority languages in Hungary. The second paper's section provides an overview of the main sociolinguistic surveys of the minority languages in Hungary that have had many centuries of contact with Serbian i.e. German, Romanian, Bulgarian, and Croatian. Finally, the paper provides a quick recapitulation of the Serbian language research in Hungary, and depicts the current sociolinguistic situation of Serbian.
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Ђурић, Владимир. "The Dilemmas of the Legal Regulation of Minority Languages and Scripts Use / Dileme pravnog regulisanja upotrebe jezika i pisma nacionalnih manjina." Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 4, no. 4 (July 30, 2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1404095dj.
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In this article the author analyses the open issues of the legal regulation of minority languages and scripts use on the example of the Republic of Serbia. Those issues are the exercising of linguistic identity through different forms of the right to use minority languages and scripts, especially in the case of personal names, the existence and name of the language, issues of scale and character of the numerical criteria for the exercise of the official and public use of minority languages and scripts, as well as the use of minority languages and scripts in case of topographical indications, especially traditional local names.
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Fishman, Joshua A. "Critiques of language planning: A minority languages perspective." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15, no. 2-3 (January 1994): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1994.9994559.
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Isern, Neus, and Joaquim Fort. "Language extinction and linguistic fronts." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 94 (May 6, 2014): 20140028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0028.
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Language diversity has become greatly endangered in the past centuries owing to processes of language shift from indigenous languages to other languages that are seen as socially and economically more advantageous, resulting in the death or doom of minority languages. In this paper, we define a new language competition model that can describe the historical decline of minority languages in competition with more advantageous languages. We then implement this non-spatial model as an interaction term in a reaction–diffusion system to model the evolution of the two competing languages. We use the results to estimate the speed at which the more advantageous language spreads geographically, resulting in the shrinkage of the area of dominance of the minority language. We compare the results from our model with the observed retreat in the area of influence of the Welsh language in the UK, obtaining a good agreement between the model and the observed data.
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Abramac, Gabi. "Jewish Languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Promise and Reality of the Language Rights Protection Regime." Journal of Jewish Languages 7, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-07011132.
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Abstract The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1992) seeks to protect and promote regional and minority languages in Europe. The objectives and principles defined by the Charter include the recognition of regional and minority languages as cultural assets. The Charter also commits the signatories to promote the study of, and research on, regional and minority languages. Bosnia and Herzegovina signed the Charter in 2005 and officially ratified it in 2010, applying it to seventeen regional and minority languages including Ladino and Yiddish. This paper examines the disparity between the obligations entered into and the actual state of affairs. It also investigates the linguistic repertoire and language ideologies of the Jewish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the extent and nature of its interest in revitalizing Ladino.
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Kresina, Iryna, and Кostyantyn Vitman. "Problems of ratification of the European Charter of regional or minority languages in Ukraine." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 34 (August 1, 2023): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2023-34-663-672.
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The article examines the problems of ratification of the European Charter of Regional or Minority Languages of 1992 and changes in the obligations of Ukraine to fulfill its provisions. The authors came to the conclusion that Ukraine's approach to the ratification of the European Charter was not balanced and did not have sufficient scientific justification. In particular, it has the following conceptual flaws. 1. The idea of the rights of national minorities in the sphere of using their languages is taken as abasis, and not the actual protection of regional and minority languages. This fundamental error distorts the essence of the European Charter. 2. The named national minorities were chosen arbitrarily, partly inadequately. The criteria for classify ingcertain languages as regional or minority are unclear. 3. The fundamental mistake wasthe refusal to distinguish the territories of the traditional distribution of the languages that are planned to be protected. Derived from this and obviously unjustified is the special protection of the most numerous group of speakers of the minority language –Russian – within the whole of Ukraine instead of the few historical communities of its speakers. 4. The temporary, and later the final refusal of special protection of non-territorial languages, which lays the grounds for discrimination of such languages as Yiddish and Romani, is unjustified and discriminatory. 5. The biggest drawback is the equal treatment of all regional or minority languages. In such a case, the main beneficiaries of state support become the most widespread languages, and the least number of speakers in relict languages (for example, Karaim) receive very little protection and cannot stop the process of their decline and disappearance. Key words: minority languages, regional languages, language of minority,national minorities, ethno-cultural policy of the state.
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Valiullina, I. F. "LANGUAGES OF NATIONAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES OF UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND AREAS OF APPLICATION (PART 2)." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 59, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2022-59-1-322.
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Statement of the problem. The timeliness and relevance of this article is dictated by the fact that since the independence of Ukraine, systematic and purposeful displacement of minority languages has been carried out. In recent years, laws have been adopted that seriously infringe on the linguistic rights of national minorities, which have caused protests and indignation among minorities. The timeliness and relevance of this article is dictated by the fact that in recent years the level of proficiency in the language of minorities by the native speakers has been declining. Questions arise: What is the reason? What measures are needed? Which body is responsible for the preservation and development of minority languages? This scientific article is devoted to the following languages of national and ethnic minorities of Ukraine: Gagauz language, Crimean Tatar language, and German language. The purpose of the article is to study the extent to which minority languages are used in various fields; identify problems that exist in the areas of use of the above languages, for example, in education and in mass media; study the measures taken by Ukraine to protect the Gagauz language, the Crimean Tatar language, and the German language. This article demonstrates the role of public organizations in the preservation and protection of the Gagauz, Crimean Tatar and German languages. The research methodology (materials and methods) is based on private (descriptive) and statistical methods of linguistics. The material for writing this article was the reports of Ukraine (third and fourth) on the fulfillment of obligations arising from the European Charter of Regional or Minority Languages of 1992, normative legal acts of Ukraine, special reports of the United Nations, scientific articles by domestic and foreign authors, and static data of public authorities. The results of the study. The analysis of the study of the state of the languages of national and ethnic minorities and their spheres of application showed that in the future, the process of preserving the languages of national minorities will depend on the importance that states, public organizations and native speakers themselves attach to their native language. It goes without saying, Ukraine, its state bodies, public organizations are taking measures to preserve and develop minority languages, however, today the main problem of minority languages in Ukraine, in addition to insufficient funding, is uneven use in education and the media. Conclusion. The minority language, being the most important tool for the preservation and development of identity in society, a factor of social cohesion and stability, occupies a central position in human activity in Ukraine. Issues related to the linguistic rights of national and ethnic minorities on the territory of states are of paramount importance. The state authorities of Ukraine fulfill their international obligations under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1992, cooperate with other states on the preservation and development of minority languages.
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Biró, Enikő. "Learning Schoolscapes in a Minority Setting." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2016-0021.
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Abstract In my paper, I present a qualitative approach to the linguistic landscape of Hungarian schools in Sepsiszentgyörgy/Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. These landscapes are called schoolscapes as they represent the material environment where texts and images “constitute, reproduce and transform language ideologies” (Brown 2012: 282). These manifestations reveal a lot about language learning and teaching in a formal educational environment. Beyond the simple representations of languages in education, we may trace more or less hidden curriculum details of foreign- and second-language teaching (English/German, Romanian) in a Hungarian-Romanian dominant bilingual setting. My aim is to describe the visual manifestations of the differences and similarities between the languages taught to minority children and the mutual efforts of teachers and students to meet the basic challenges of learning and teaching these languages.
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Jonhera, Tongai, and Tineyi Nyoni. "Linguistic hegemony and the minority languages battle for the Zimbabwean broadcasting space: A case of ZBC Television and National FM." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IV (2023): 1178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7498.
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Zimbabwe is a multi-cultural nation with diverse ethno-linguistic groups. The country’s minority ethnic groups, however are under severe threat of extinction. The effective use of minority languages in the media, significantly contributes to efforts aimed at saving these languages. Drawing on the theory of Hegemony, the study focuses on linguistic hegemony and the representation of minority languages in the broadcasting media, using ZBC Television and National FM as case studies. The data was gathered using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and content analysis. This study argues that, minority languages have not been afforded adequate space, at both ZBC Television and National FM. The study therefore, advocates for the radical transformation of the entire minority language representation policies and programming structures at both broadcasting stations. It further proposes the establishment of community radio stations, as a long term solution to the under-representation of minority languages in the Zimbabwean broadcasting media.
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Витман, Константин, and Konstantin Vitman. "The legal status of regional or minority languages: Ukrainian and foreign experience." Comparative Research In Law and Politics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1931.
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The legal status of regional or minority languages in
Ukraine, Post-Soviet space and European understanding is studied.
The author proves that Ukraine stretches the meaning of
regional languages, provided by European Charter for Regional
or Minority Languages. The regional languages rather play the
role of the largest national minorities’ languages than disappearing
ones in Ukraine. National minorities did not get appropriate
protection of their language rights that is why they had to take
advantage of international legal rules. Ukraine had to extend the
concept of “regional language” to the largest national minorities’
languages to use international law effectively. Thus, the legal status
of regional languages has been changed in national language
law.
Thanks to European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
the idea of regional language got implanted in language policy terminology.
That is why the lawmakers decided not to decline it during
new language Act working out. The Ukrainian experience exemplifies
modification of the legal status of regional languages, its
adaptation to language situation and has no analogs in Post-Soviet
space.
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Benő, Attila. "Multilingualism and Education in Transylvania." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0052.
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Abstract The topic of this paper is the situation of language skills and a determining factor of it in minority context: languages of instruction in Transylvania. Presenting the socio-demographic context and the status of languages as they are manifested in language skills. Language skills are presented referring to mother tongue skills, second and foreign language competence. The paper emphasizes that the connection between schooling, education, and language usage is evident in the case of minority languages since the instruction in minority languages is a key factor for the maintenance of the language. The empirical data used in the paper come from several sources, most important of them being a sociolinguistic survey in a representative sample of Hungarians in Transylvania carried out by The Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities (Cluj/Kolozsvár) in 2009.
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Khilkhanova, Erzhen V. "Linguistic ideologies and linguistic culture of society in the context of the preservation of minority languages of Russia." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-22.032.
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In the article, the author argues for the need to take into account the micro-level of language policy to preserve and support minority languages of Russia. Language ideologies are considered regulators of language behavior, determining the attitudes to minority languages at a conscious and unconscious level. Based on field research, mass media, and social network materials complemented by data from the secondary sources the article examines in more detail two ideologies that are widespread in the mass consciousness of Russian citizens: language purism and language hierarchy. In conclusion, the author summarizes the influence of language ideologies on the position and future of Russia’s minority languages. E. Khilkhanova also notes the reciprocal nature of language ideologies and their change towards greater liberality and tolerance in contemporary Russia.
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Baldauf, Richard B. "Language Planning and Terminological Development for Minority Languages and Minority Language Situations: A Selected Bibliography." Current Issues in Language Planning 5, no. 2 (May 15, 2004): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500408668257.
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Wiggers, Heiko. "Digital Divide: Low German and other Minority Languages." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.130.
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This paper investigates the online presence of Low German, a minority language spoken in northern Germany, as well as several other European regional and minority languages. In particular, this article presents the results of two experiments, one involving Wikipedia and one involving Twitter, that assess whether and to which extent minority languages are used on these websites. The article argues that minority and regional languages are not only underrepresented online due to a combination of historical, linguistic, sociological, and demographic reasons, but that the overall architecture of the World Wide Web and its most visited websites is such that smaller languages do not stand a chance to gain a meaningful online presence.
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Faingold, Eduardo D. "Language rights in the 2004 draft of the European Union Constitution." Language Problems and Language Planning 31, no. 1 (February 27, 2007): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.31.1.03fai.
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The 2004 draft of the EU Constitution contains legal language defining the linguistic obligations of the EU and the language rights of its citizens, but the draft fails to achieve language justice for EU citizens who speak regional minority languages. These minority languages include Catalan, Basque, and Galician in Spain, Welsh in the UK, and others.
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Dunbar, Robert. "Minority Language Rights in International Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 1 (January 2001): 90–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.1.90.
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The provision of legislative or other legal protection for linguistic minorities is widespread in domestic legal systems.1 In international law, and in international human rights law in particular, the question of minority language rights has until recently received much less attention. The entry into force on 1 March 1998 of the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (the “Minority Languages Charter”), the first international instrument directed solely at the question of language, suggests that the situation may be changing.
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Luong Hung, Phan. "WRITING SYSTEMS OF ETHNIC MINORITY LANGUAGES IN VIETNAM AND THE CASE OF NUNG." Sociolingvistika 4, no. 16 (December 30, 2023): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2713-2951-4-16-107-118.
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There are over 33 writing systems of ethnic minority languages in a truly multilingual country of Vietnam, some of them are traditional writing systems, while others have been created in recent decades. This paper provides an overview of writing systems of ethnic minority languages in Vietnam. It also presents a closer look at the way the language policy is implemented in Vietnam and the effect it has over language competence, language use and language attitudes of Vietnamese people towards their writing systems. Despite the fact that a great number of minority ethnicities in Vietnam have their own writing systems and some of them have more than one writing system, very few ethnic minorities can use their local writing systems as the levels of literacy are quite low. The paper reveals that although Vietnam has gained remarkable achievements in preserving and promoting languages and writing systems of ethnic minorities, there is still a lot to be done. The advantages of the current language policy of Vietnam regarding the ethnic minority languages and writing systems are quite substantial. At the same time the study also notes the disadvantages that cause difficulties in preserving and promoting languages of ethnic minorities in Vietnam, including the case of Nung language.
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Mitsik, Vsevolod. "THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE LANGUAGE STANDARDS PROTECTION OF MINORITY LANGUAGES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR UKRAINE." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 147 (2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2021.147.1.37-47.
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Abstract. As for most countries of the world, the problem of preservation and protection of regional or minority languages is relevant for modern Ukraine. It should be noted that there are no universal special international legal instruments on this issue. Today, European states under the leadership of the Council of Europe have achieved more significant results in this area. The main purpose of its work on this subject is to preserve and protect regional or minority languages in Europe as an integral part of Europe's cultural heritage. Analysing the legal situation with minority languages in Ukraine and the remarks of the monitoring bodies of the Council of Europe on this issue, we note that there is an urgent need to direct national lawmaking to improve national legislation and eliminate shortcomings and inconsistencies with European international legal standards in this area. The article examines the issues of cooperation between Ukraine and the Council of Europe on the protection and promotion of historical regional or minority languages, which contributes to the development of cultural wealth and traditions of Europe. The author examines the purpose of the adoption of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, its main provisions, and the particularities of the object of application. The reform of the monitoring mechanism of the Charter dated July 1, 2019 is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the application by Ukraine of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the problematic issues of its implementation. Key words: The Council of Europe, Ukraine, regional or minority languages, language rights, language standards, multinational and multilingual population.
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Mouthaan, Solange. "Linguistic Minorities and Educational Rights in France – The Corsican Example." European Public Law 13, Issue 3 (September 1, 2007): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2007026.
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Europe, with the European Charter for the Protection of Regional and Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of Minorities has acknowledged that the protection of its cultural identity, of which languages form part, is vital. Despite these efforts, States have adopted varying measures. France, for constitutional reasons, is unable to recognize officially any of its linguistic minorities. As a consequence, in practical terms, French legislation on the subject of minority language instruction at school cannot really promote, for example, the teaching of Corsican, because it must be seen to be of a voluntary nature. In other words, a minority language will be taught as long as it is not compulsory. This principle has the unfortunate corollary of threatening the existence and survival of France’s minority languages.
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Nguyen, Dong, Dolf Trieschnigg, and Leonie Cornips. "Audience and the Use of Minority Languages on Twitter." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14648.
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On Twitter, many users tweet in more than one language. In this study, we examine the use of two Dutch minority languages. Users can engage with different audiences and by analyzing different types of tweets, we find that characteristics of the audience influence whether a minority language is used. Furthermore, while most tweets are written in Dutch, in conversations users often switch to the minority language.
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Dlanske, Kati. "Way better than the original!! Music video covers and language revitalisation." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 10, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201610254444.
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The development of the social media has opened up new spaces and genres for minoritised languages. As argued in previous research, access to new media spaces can contribute to the revitalisation of minoritised languages by generating new functions and values for them. Combining sociolinguistic and sociosemiotic approaches and bringing together data from four minority language contexts, Irish, Welsh, Sámi, and Corsican, this study addresses the potential of music video covers on YouTube to contribute to language revitalisation. The investigation suggests that music video covers in minority languages can have significance in language revitalisation in both language ideological and practical terms. However, these effects are not just a matter of access to a new media space (YouTube) or a new genre (music video cover) but, in a much more complex manner, a question of practices of relocalisation and the semiotic resources used. As semiotic aggregates, music video covers can not only endow minority languages and their speakers with a new glamour, but also recirculate and reinforce old, stereotypical notions. While ‘new glamour’ may be desirable, the study points, on the other hand, to the need for critical interrogation of the terms on which minority languages are commodified in the context of contemporary media culture.
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Shchukina, Tatiana. "Bilingualism in Canada: the legislation's reform." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 4 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017961-4.
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The Official Language Act plays a key role in the lives of Canadians. Its purpose is to ensure respect for English and French as the official languages of Canada in governmental and parliamentary institutions, support the development and vitality of official language minority communities, set out powers, duties and functions of federal institutions with respect to the official languages of Canada. The Government of Canada has decided to modernize the Act to ensure that it continues to serve Canadians in a changing environment. That is why the Government of Canada showed its commitment to promote, protect and update a law by sharing its vision for official languages reform in February, titled French and English: Towards a substantive equality of official languages in Canada. After 30 years since the last major update, a modernization of the Official Languages Act is necessary to allow the law to keep pace with the social, demographic and technological realities in today’s society, which did not exist during the last revision in 1988. The bill recognizes the diversity of provincial and territorial language regimes and focuses on learning opportunities of the first language in minority settings and on learning opportunities of a second official language in a majority situation to improve the rate of bilingualism among Canadians. The bill also seeks to protect institutions of official language minority communities both for the English-speaking minority in Quebec and for the French-speaking minority in the rest of the country, and proposes new ways to better protect French in Canada, including in Québec.
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van Langevelde, Ab. "Bilingualism in the Business World in West European Minority Language Regions: Profit or Loss?" Philosophia Reformata 61, no. 2 (December 17, 1996): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000115.
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Europe during the last decade has witnessed a growing interest in the position of minorities in general and of minority languages in particular. This interest undoubtedly bears some connection with the influx of aliens into western Europe, and with the at times exceptionally violent outbreak of ethnic conflicts in some former East Bloc countries. Language plays a vital role in matters of ethnicity and identity. The growing interest of which we speak has found expression in the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, which establishes a number of rights related to minority languages.
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Hemphill, Christy, and Aaron Hemphill. "Maximizing Scalability in Literacy Game App Design for Minority Languages." International Journal of Technology in Education 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijte.138.
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Minority language communities lack access to educational technology that facilitates literacy skill building. The approach currently taken by most educational game app developers privileges widely spoken languages and often requires intensive resource investment. In response, a new game app was designed to provide easily localized, pedagogically appropriate games for literacy skill building. Scalability to multiple minority languages was possible through a programming design based on language packs that could be compiled by local implementation teams without specialized technical skills and without significant resource investment. We describe the scalability issues encountered when localizing the app for the initial ten minority language pilot groups and how a language-neutral app design that relies on language packs to specify language-specific content and parameters can adequately address these issues. When it comes to meeting the demands of growing education technology markets in underserved Indigenous and minority communities, localizing an app initially designed for maximum scalability is more feasible than investing significant resources converting apps custom designed for one language into new languages.
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Chastnyk, S. V. "Minority Languages in Digital Communication." Вісник Харківської державної академії культури. Серія: Соціальні комунікації, вип. 52 (2018): 53–60.
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Pietro, Robert J. Di, Mary Kalantzis, Bill Cope, and Diana Slade. "Minority Languages and Dominant Culture." International Migration Review 25, no. 3 (1991): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546776.
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