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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Minority Status Group'
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1
Reeder, Rebecca A. "Theoretical and Methodological Advances to Preterm Birth Research: A Focus on the Relationship of Minority-Majority Group Status and Preterm Birth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368014479.
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Latrofa, Marcella. "When "I" becomes one of "Us": Cognitive and Motivational Underpinnings of the Self-Stereotyping Process in Minority Status Groups." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425482.
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Self-stereotyping is a process by which people belonging to a stigmatized social group tend to describe themselves more with both positive and negative, stereotypical personality traits compared to traits that are irrelevant to the ingroup stereotype. The present work wants to analyse some of the underlying mechanisms, both cognitive and motivational, explaining when, how, and why it are especially members of socially stigmatised groups that are more inclined to self-stereotype than members of majority status groups.
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YANG, JUHUA. "CHINESE IMMIGRANTS' FERTILITY IN THE UNITED STATES: AN EXAMINATION OF ASSIMILATION VARIABLES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998064273.
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Menifield, Charles E. "Influence on minority groups in Congress : the black, women's issues, and hispanic caucuses /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821336.
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Zhang, Shinan, and 张石楠. "Oral health status, knowledge and behaviors of Dai and Bulang ethnic minority groups in Yunnan province, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206442.
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The Dai and Bulang people are ethnic minorities in China. Most of them live in Yunnan province, which is located in the southwestern part of China. This study aimed to describe the oral health status, oral health-related behaviors of the 5-and12-year-old children of the Dai and Bulang ethnic groups, the oral health-related knowledge of the 12-year-old Dai and Bulang children living in Yunnan Province, and the factors that influence their oral health status. An oral health survey was conducted on a sample of 5-and 12-year-old Dai and Bulang children in Yunnan, China. The children were selected using a multi-stage and purposeful sampling method for examination by a trained dentist. Dental caries experience was measured using the “dmft/DMFT” index,o ral hygiene status with VPI index and periodontal status with CPI index. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the children’s background, oral health-related knowledge and behaviors. A total of 833 Dai and 723 Bulang 5-year-old children were examined. The prevalence of dental caries among the Dai and Bulang children was 89% and 85%, respectively. There were 49%of the Dai and 38%of the Bulang children had carious tooth with pulp involvement. Their mean (±SD) dmft score was 7.0±5.3 and 5.8±4.9,
respectively. Their mean (±SD) dt score was 6.8±5.2 and 5.6±4.8, respectively. Higher dmft scores were found among Dai children who were girls, were currently bottle-fed, took sweet snacks daily, had higher VPI scores, had visited a dentist within last year, and whose father had up to secondary school education. The Bulang children, who took sweet snacks daily, had visited a dentist within the last year and had higher VPI scores had higher dmft scores. A total of 823 Dai and 873 12-year-old Bulang children were surveyed and their prevalence of dental caries was 40% and 35%, respectively. Around 90% of the carious teeth were left untreated. Their mean DMFT (±SD) score was 0.9±1.5 and 0.6±1.1, respectively. Most of them (Dai, 93%; Bulang 71%) had gingivitis and around half of them (Dai, 46%; Bulang, 58%) had dental calculus. The Dai and Bulang children who were girls and those who had visited a dentist during the previous year had higher caries risk. The mean dental knowledge score of the 12-year-old Dai and Bulang children was 7.2 ± 3.7 and 7.8 ± 3.6, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental caries of the 5-year-old Dai and Bulang children in Yunnan, China was high and most of them were left untreated. The caries experience of the 5-year-old Dai children was associated with gender, father’s education, bottle feeding habits, snacking habits, dental visit behavior, and oral hygiene status. The caries experience of the 5-year-old Bulang children was associated with their snacking habits, dental visit habitsand oral hygiene status. Dental caries was common among the 12-year-old Dai and Bulang children and associated with gender and dental attendance. Most of the decay were left untreated. Their oral health-related knowledge was moderate. Their periodontal condition was poor.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Dentistry<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Singh, Gopal Krishna. "Immigration, nativity, and socioeconomic assimilation of Asian Indians in the United States." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392911058.
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Rafeedie, Ghassan. "PALESTINIAN CULTURAL EXPERIENCES IN THE UNITED STATES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1409060314.
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JAYAT, PHILIPPE. "WHY IS POLICE BRUTALITY A SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES AND NOT IN FRANCE?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1018620379.
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Talat, Rehab. "Healthcare for Undocumented Workers in France and The United States." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1403691584.
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Vasi, Lillian. "Post-Partition Limbo States: Failed State Formation and Conflicts in Northern Ireland and Jammu-and-Kashmir." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242067824.
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Crawford, Dana Elaine. "Black Students’ Risk for Dropout at a Predominantly White Institution: The Role of Adjustment & Minority Status Stress." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250535973.
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Dougall, Jennifer Lara. "The Influence of Client Socioeconomic Status on Counselors' Attributional Biases and Objective Countertransference Reactions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258136183.
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Garcia, Ginny Elizabeth. "The impact of sexual experiences of young minority group members in the United States, and the associated risks of sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission among adults in the United States and China." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3732.
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This thesis explores incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
among minority group teenagers in the United States and among adults aged 20-34 in the
U.S. and in China. The focus is on trends and patterns in the United States compared to
those in China. Research questions include whether or not the early onset of sexual
activity is directly related to the incidence of STI transmission among Americans. The
Chinese analysis enables addressing the question of whether or not a hidden epidemic
exists in China with regard to STI transmission rates. The thesis involves three separate
analyses including a comparative study of teens (age 15-19) and adults (age 20-44) in the
United States, a comparative study of adults aged 20-44 in the United States and China,
and a comparative analysis of urine-based results versus self-reported responses among
the Chinese adults. The use of logistic regression is employed in order to model the odds
of the risk of transmission among the different groups.
The results from this thesis indicate that early onset of sexual activity is indeed a
risk factor for young minority group members in the United States in terms of the
bacterial infections. The analysis of American adults revealed that women who have
college educations and who are not minority group members are at risk of contracting viral infections with more frequency. Finally, a hidden epidemic among Chinese women
was detected with respect to the bacterial infections.
It is important to study these trends within the U.S. and abroad in China for many
reasons. First and foremost, young adults are the most heavily impacted in the United
States. This population should be focused on as many of the infections discussed may
lead to lifelong difficulties (including infertility) if left untreated. Also, with respect to
China, a large proportion of those who are infected do not know they are. Again, these
infections may lead to many complications and Chinese women are at an increased risk
because many are infected unknowingly due to the behavior of their partner/spouse.
Finally, sexually transmitted infections amplify the transmission rates of HIV/AIDS and
should be studied specifically for this reason if none other.
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Mallet, Marie-laure. "Analyse comparative des relations entre les communautés latinos de Miami, Los Angeles and Boston." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040077.
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Cette thèse traite de la cohésion des groupes latinos dans la société américaine. Elle analyse l’influence des relations intra-communautaires sur l’insertion des Latinos dans la société américaine et déconstruit la représentation des communautés latinos perçues comme monolithiques afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure ces relations conduisent à des assimilations différenciées. Elle montre notamment que l’insertion dans la société américaine découle des relations entre différentes communautés latinos et analyse l’influence du contexte de réception sur cette insertion socio-économique, sur les pratiques politiques et, de façon plus générale, le poids politique de ces groupes.Le choix de métropoles aussi diverses que Miami, Los Angeles et Boston souligne l’importance du contexte urbain sur la formation des relations entre ces différents groupes latinos, et son influence sur leur insertion dans la société américaine, mesurée par les stratégies adoptées par les groupes latinos et par leur participation politique. Cette analyse est cruciale pour comprendre la complexité des interactions entre groupes dont les relations représentent un enjeu de taille, car elles permettent d’anticiper l’avenir des relations ethniques aux Etats-Unis. Cette perspective ouvre ainsi sur un contexte sociologique plus large, permettant d’anticiper les problèmes politiques et économiques auxquels les Etats-Unis seront confrontés en matière d'intégration, d’immigration et de représentation dans les décennies à venir<br>This dissertation examines the cohesion of Latino groups in American society. It analyses the influence of intra-community relations on the integration of Latinos in American society and deconstructs the representation of Latino communities perceived as a monolithic group allowing to determine to what extent these relationships lead to different assimilation paths. In particular, it shows the differential impact of the relationships between different Latino communities on their integration into American society and investigates the influence of the context of reception on the socio-economic integration of different Latino groups, policies and practices, and, more generally, their political clout.The choice of cities as diverse as Miami, Los Angeles and Boston highlights the importance of the urban context on the formation of relationships between the different Latino groups, and its influence on their integration into American society, as measured by the group strategies that Latinos adopt and their political participation.This analysis is crucial to the understanding of the complex interactions between Latino groups whose relationships are a major challenge, as they allow to anticipate the future of ethnic relations in the United States. This perspective opens to a broader sociological context which may help better comprehend the political and economic issues that the United States will confront in topics such as integration, immigration and representation in the coming decades
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Council, Carolyn Y. "Honoring Their Services: Why Blacks in the United States Should Be Paid Reparations." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1298953816.
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Brenner, Nurete L. "The Field Beyond Wrongdoing and Rightdoing: A Study of Arab-Jewish Grassroots Dialogue Groups in the United States." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1283434677.
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Yu, Heshuo. "Length of Stay in Hospice Care Across Racial/Ethnic Minorities Over 65 Years of Age in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami159612316989989.
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Fedeczko, Wioleta. "The “Good” Citizen and Civic (In)Action: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Naturalization Process in the United States." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272290018.
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Mayne, Dorothy. "Malagasy Immigrant Experiences: How Perceptions of the American Dream Influence Acculturation to the United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371817049.
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Palmer, Sarita Marie. "An Examination of the Relationship between Acculturation Level and PTSD among Central American Immigrants in the United States." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273597466.
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Femi-Ajao, Omolade Ibiyinka. "Factors influencing disclosure and help-seeking practices of Nigerian women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/factors-influencing-disclosure-and-helpseeking-practices-of-nigerian-women-resident-in-england-with-lived-experience-of-domestic-violence-and-abuse(6aea9dde-761a-475d-a9b8-691a83b024b3).html.
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Background: Domestic violence and abuse is a public health problem affecting more than one third of all women globally. It usually takes place between individuals in intimate relationships and/or within the family. In the United Kingdom (UK), while theoretical and policy interventions have led to an increase in domestic violence and abuse service provision for women, there is paucity of research on the disclosure and help-seeking practices of women from ethnic minority populations. Aim: To identify factors influencing disclosure and help-seeking practices of Nigerian (ethnic minority population) women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse, in order to make recommendations to relevant stakeholders on domestic violence service provision and utilisation. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative research design was utilised. This included a qualitative systematic review of literature on domestic violence research among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK; individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 Nigerian women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse, and with nine Nigerian religious and community leaders based in England. The interviews were conducted between May 2012 and April 2014, and data were analysed using thematic analysis technique. Findings: Three main themes were identified as factors influencing the disclosure and help-seeking practices of Nigerian (ethnic minority population) women in England, UK. These are socialisation from country of birth, immigration status, and acculturation in the country of immigration. These findings were discussed using the modified sociological theory of domestic violence and abuse. Conclusion: There is a need for appropriate gender socialisation, and collaborative working with ethnic minority community groups and faith-based organisations to enhance access and facilitate utilisation of existing domestic violence services by Nigerian (ethnic minority populations) women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse.
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Alfano-Cooper, Maria R. "Understanding English Language Learners’ Social Experiences in a United States Suburban High School." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1499443115557272.
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Arthur, Tori. "The Reimagined Paradise: African Immigrants in the United States, Nollywood Film, and the Digital Remediation of 'Home'." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467889165.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, and 周家建. "A study of the Chinese Canadians identity and social status in comparison with other minority ethnic groups in the 20th Century = 20 shi ji Jianada Hua ren yu qi ta shao shu zu yi de she hui shen fen yu di wei bi jiao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202365.
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In tracing the experience of Chinese Canadians in the 20th Century, we need to look further back into its history. Most people believe that the increasing number of immigrants from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China in the 1980s and 1990s played the most important roles in the social and economic changes during the latest decades of the 20th Century. The contribution of the Chinese Canadians settlement throughout the 20th Century should also be considered as it marks the beginning of the rise of their social status and identity in Canada.
Although the Chinese Canadians earned their fame and status since the 1980s, they had been racially discriminated for more than a century. To probe into the situation, the social and political situations in the Chinese Canadian community will be meticulously analyzed and their contribution in difference aspects examined. In addition, other minority ethnic groups, such as the Japanese, Jewish and Indian, will be used as a comparison to demonstrate the change of policies towards the Chinese in Canada. In doing so, both English and Canadian Chinese newspapers will be used to illustrate the cultural difference between the “whites” and “non-whites”.
To illustrate the changes, the 20th Century will be break into three parts. In most of the pre-Second World War period, the Chinese community was isolated from the mainstream community with their activities largely confined to Chinatowns in cities, such as Vancouver, Victoria, Toronto and so on. For the Chinese living in small townships, such as Prince Rupert, Richmond and so on, their daily life will also be examined.
When Canada declared war on Japan on 7th December 1941, Canada became an ally of China during the war. A sentiment of acceptance of the Chinese in the mainstream society began to take shape. Some of the Chinese chose to contribute their efforts to Canada by joining the Canadian Armed Forces and went into battle alongside the White Canadians.
After the Second World War, Canada adopted a new policy towards the minority ethnic groups and Chinese Canadians started to enjoy political equality. In May 1947, the Canadian Government repealed the Chinese Immigration Act. In 1967, after the liberalization of the Canadian immigration policy, the Chinese, once again, were allowed to immigrate freely to Canada as an individual.
With granted full citizenship, the Chinese social and political status began to change. In 1957, Douglas Jung, a Canadian born Chinese, was elected a Member of the Parliament, which can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese involvement in the political arena of the Canadian community. Since then, Chinese Canadians were able to achieve equality in the society.
Based on documentary accounts and oral history research, this thesis re-constructed the history of Canadian Chinese involvement in the 20th Century and the change of their identity and social status thereafter.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Social Work and Social Administration<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Howard, Christopher Allen. "Black Insurgency: The Black Convention Movement in the Antebellum United States, 1830-1865." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron149929769388235.
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Monárrez-Espino, Joel. "Health and nutrition in the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico : studies among women and children /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3987.
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Carda, Jeanelle Marie. "Wiccan Marriage and American Marriage Law: Interactions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rs_theses/17.
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This project considers the ways in which Wiccan marriage and American marriage law interact with each other. The thesis examines certain aspects of the history of 20th-century American marriage law, the concurrent development of contemporary marriage ritual in Wicca, developing problems in this area, and possible solutions. In particular, the project focuses on the recognition of religious groups and their officials as they are authorized by state and federal law to perform marriages and how this process has affected Wiccan ritual.
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Alexander, Mariko Mizuno. "The Social Organization of High School Sojourner Experiences: At the Intersection between Corporate Transnationalism and Educational Processes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397576060.
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Huen, Bobby K. "Bloggers and Their Impact on Contemporary Social Movements: A Phenomenological Examination of the Role of Blogs and Their Creators in the LGBT Social Movements in Modern United States." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/30.
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The Internet is a ubiquitous feature in everyday life, but its application to social movements has yet to be completely understood. This phenomenological study examines the lived experiences of bloggers who focused on the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movement in the United States to understand the impact bloggers and their work as online activists have on existing LGBT social movement organization and operation. Data collection is gathered from semi-structured and open-ended interviews with four social movement bloggers using web-conference software over the course of three months. The results of this study indicated that internet has empowered individual activists, allowing them to gather a following and share their views to a large audience over the web, independent from existing social movement organizations. Consequently, bloggers and online activists maintain a relationship with existing social movement structure that is both collaborative and antagonistic. The results of this study contribute to the current understanding of social movement organizations as well as the impact of technological innovations on social movement advocacy.
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Vassilliere, Christa (Christa Theresa). "Minority group status, perceived discrimination, and emotion-focused coping." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26488.
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In two studies, this thesis depicts the relationship between minority group status in the United States, perceived discrimination, and coping with stress. Past literature on coping and its types – problem-focused versus emotion-focused – is inconsistent in terms of differences between minority status groups and majority groups. It remains unknown whether or why Black Americans and lesbian or gay Americans may demonstrate coping patterns that differ from White Americans and heterosexual Americans, respectively. What is altogether absent from the literature is the possible mediating factor of perceived discrimination experienced by these minority groups. That is, differences in internal, stable coping processes that manage stress may have been molded by one’s experience with discrimination. Study 1 examines the relationship between race (Black versus White) and coping, mediated by perceived discrimination. Study 2 examines the relationship between sexual orientation (lesbian or gay versus heterosexual) and coping, mediated by perceived discrimination. Both studies confirm the thesis that minority group members exhibit maladaptive, emotion-focused coping more than majority group members – but that this difference is explained by the minority group members’ perceived discrimination. Historical and political relevance, social implications, and possible limitations in design and interpretation are discussed.<br>text
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Grube, Dennis C. "The law and minority groups in nineteenth-century Britain." Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19809/1/whole_GrubeDennisC2005_thesis.pdf.
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This thesis interrogates the substance behind the rhetorical 'rule of law' in Great
Britain between 1829 and 1895. It is the argument of this thesis that in order for the law to
be a strong force for national unity it had to be made by those who professed a 'British'
Protestant faith and upheld a 'British' morality. For the first half of the nineteenth-century,
Jews, atheists and Roman Catholics were all prevented on religious grounds from entering
Parliament to make British law. As the century progressed, these bans were progressively
lifted, leaving lawmakers to create a replacement class of scapegoats; 'moral criminals'.
Prostitutes, homosexuals and the Irish came to dominate the imagination of the late
Victorians as threats to the moral integrity of Britain. These people were not truly 'British'
and could thus safely be made the targets of 'British law'.
The thesis seeks to build on Linda Colley's work on British nationalism in the
eighteenth century, and her stress upon the need to have an 'other'. It is argued here that
Colley's concept of the need for 'otherness', can be applied within British society as well as
with regard to those who lived elsewhere. The British needed 'outsiders' within their own
society against which to define themselves as religiously, racially or morally legitimate.
This extended beyond Roman Catholic 'others', already identified by Colley, to a whole
series of religious and moral minority groups that could be seen as `un-British'.
The rhetoric of the 'rule of law' underpinned a society that was encouraged to
believe that it was the law which stood between it and the tyrannies and turbulence that the
Continent experienced throughout the nineteenth century. The values of government as
they were espoused through the law became the values of Britain. Hence, those who believed themselves to be 'British' were encouraged to support the moral and religious
standards that were set for them. This meant being hostile to the 'others' who were not
seen to support those standards.
Over the course of the period 1829-1895, from Roman Catholic emancipation to the
Oscar Wilde trials, governments moved from seeing religious groups as 'others' to seeing
moral 'deviants' as the outsiders against whom the truly British should unify in shared
disdain. As Jews, Roman Catholics and atheists were brought into a genuine sense of
partnership in the British constitution, homosexuals, prostitutes and the allegedly innately
criminal Irish found themselves further and more vehemently displaced. Legal 'otherness'
slowly stopped being a religious question and became rather a moral one.
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Ariza, Eileen Nancy. "An exploratory research project of factory workers in the ESL worksite classes: The effects of immigration on high-status/low-status immigrants to the United States." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9219400.
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The problem this research addresses is that, regardless of training, educational background or social status, with or without work experience, most non- or limited-English speaking immigrants are forced to begin their American careers at the bottom of the occupational ladder. This study focuses on the comparison of the lives of English as a Second Language (ESL) students/warehouse workers before and after migration to try to ascertain whether these individuals have experienced upward or downward mobility. The approximately 80 participants in this study are workers in a garment distribution warehouse in Worcester, Massachusetts. The participants have been drawn from the worksite ESL classes offered during their lunch or dinner hours and extended one-half hour into work time donated by the company. A questionnaire was distributed to voluntary participants. The information gleaned was used to tabulate statistics and analyze hypotheses regarding the socio-economic transition of immigrants to the United States. As a result of this study, the following questions were addressed: (1) How do immigrants perceive the effects of immigration? (2) When immigrants come to the United States, do they feel their lives improve or worsen socioeconomically? (3) If studies prove that high-status immigrants become downwardly mobile upon entrance to the United States, does that imply that lower-status immigrants become upwardly mobile? (4) How do immigrants compare their lives in their native country to their lives in their new country? The objective of this study was to evaluate the ramifications of migration to the United States with respect to upward and downward mobility of higher- and lower-status immigrants. The population consisted of ESL students/warehouse workers from 13 different countries. This group of immigrants was chosen because, regardless of background, education, English language facility, experience, degree of literacy, or previous socioeconomic class, they were now all thrust together, doing the same job, earning the same salary, and on an equal footing here in the United States. Based on this premise, the researcher wanted to study their perceptions of life in the United States compared to their previous countries to see if, in their estimation, they had indeed bettered themselves or their lots in life by migrating to the United States, or whether their lives had taken a downward turn by coming here.
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Marlay, Matthew C. Lee Barrett A. "A dream deferred? residential attainment among minority and immigrant groups in the United States /." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3204/index.html.
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Hastings, Sally Ona. "Cultural discourses on identity and morality by Asian Indians in the United States: An ethnographic analysis." 1995. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9541117.
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This dissertation addresses the problem of how Asian Indian sojourners to the United States discourse the nature of "Indian," "American," and "Indian sojourner" identities in the host setting. The assumption grounding the study is that cultural discourses produce a social reality which then guides the actions and experiences of the sojourner. The ethnographic methods of interviews and participant observation were used to study sojourner discourse. The analyses in the dissertation relied primarily upon transcribed interview data in making claims about patterns in sojourner discourse. The analytic results suggest that sojourner discourses are efficacious in facilitating adaptation to the host setting. Indian sojourners presented codes of identity which created predictable kinds of cultural identities. The reality produced in the talk of the sojourners provided a basis for social relations with members of each of the focal groups. The sojourners symbolically positioned themselves somewhere between the American and Indian identities by appropriating symbols from each in self-reference. The findings suggest that cultural adaptation is not a universally experienced set of phases, but that sojourners groups may creatively develop symbolic resources for dealing with the exigencies of the host setting.
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Kuenzi, Jeffrey John. "Self-selection and migrants' destination choice: A study of Puerto Ricans in the United States and Puerto Rico." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9909178.
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The long-standing claim that migrating individuals are uniformly positively selected (i.e. possessing labor market skills of higher economic value than those who do not migrate) has been challenged in recent years. Research suggesting that some immigrants to the United States possess below average skills has generated debate over both the nature of migrant self-selection as well as the impact of immigration policy on the stock of immigrant flows. This debate has raised important theoretical questions about the relationship between the attributes of sending and receiving areas and the characteristics of migrants. This dissertation addresses the selectivity debate using a conditional logistic regression model of migrants' location choice. The model identifies the individual characteristics and location attributes that determine location choice and provides a unique approach to the issue of selectivity. The analysis tests two theoretical perspectives that have figured prominently in the economic and sociological literature on migration. The data are taken from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Samples on Puerto Ricans living in the United States and Puerto Rico. A review of the growth and geographic dispersal of migration originating from Puerto Rico suggest a notable amount of human capital selectivity across migrant destinations. Recent data on metropolitan populations of Puerto Ricans in the United States and Puerto Rico reveal that the migratory process has lead to wide variation in the characteristics of individuals at different locations. The location choice analysis finds support for both theories of migrant self-selection. The results indicate that more competitive labor markets encourage positive selection and that larger migratory social networks encourage negative selection. This research makes important methodological and theoretical contributions to the literature. The analytical strategy taken in this study represents an original approach to the question of migrant self-selection. The location choice model provides the first simultaneous assessment of multiple causes of selectivity. The conceptualization of self-selection as the interaction between individual characteristics and location attributes is also innovative. The policy implications of this research are far-reaching. The results suggest that immigration criteria based on family reunification have a negative impact on immigrant selectivity by reinforcing the operation of migratory social networks. Further, the migration process examined in this analysis suggests that selectivity contributes to socio-economic segregation across geographic space.
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Rivera, Burgos Viviana. "Essays in Minority Politics and Representation in the U.S." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-0vae-zv65.
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This dissertation examines the substantive representation of ethnoracial minorities at the national level, the inter-minority dynamics of descriptive representation at the state level, and the effects of ethnoracial cues on White public opinion regarding policies that disproportionately affect minorities. Taken together, the three chapters offer evidence to support the claim that race not only shapes mass opinion, but also elites' responses to it.
The expectation in a representative democracy is that the preferences of the public should influence the voting behavior of elected officials in Congress. Most scholars agree that this is indeed the case, but they have recently begun to ask whose opinions are most influential. Members of Congress seem to disproportionately represent the interests of copartisans and affluent Americans. The literature speaks less to the nature of the relationship between the political preferences of ethnoracial minorities and the voting behavior of members of Congress. Is there also a racial disparity in representation, even after accounting for partisanship and income? Are White Americans better represented in government decisions than are African Americans and Latinos? Chapter 1 explores the relationship between congressional district-level public opinion on proposed bills (estimated using multilevel regression and poststratification), broken down by racial, partisan, and income group, and the roll call votes of House members on those same bills. I find strong evidence of overresponsiveness by members of Congress to copartisan and high-income constituents, and some evidence of underresponsiveness to Blacks. In some cases, minorities' preferences are underrepresented even by representatives of their own parties, on race-targeted policies, and in majority-minority districts.
Chapter 2 examines how legislators respond to coethnic and cominority constituents. I conduct an audit study of all state legislators to explore how they respond to constituents of different ethnoracial groups, and to assess whether Black and Latino state legislators in particular are as responsive to cominority constituents (i.e., non-White individuals from a different ethnic minority group) as they are to coethnics (i.e., individuals from the legislator's own ethnic group). Blacks and Latinos currently make up about one-third of the overall U.S. population, and an even larger share of some state populations. In light of this growing diversification of the American electorate, elected officials have incentives to appeal to a broad racial constituency. I conduct an experiment in which state legislators are randomly assigned to receive an email from a coethnic, cominority, or non-coethnic constituent. My findings suggest that Latino constituents are consistently disadvantaged. White and Republican legislators respond to Latino constituents the least, and Black legislators do not show any cominority solidarity toward them. Latino legislators, on the other hand, do exhibit cominority solidarity toward Black constituents by favoring them over White (non-coethnic) constituents. These results have important implications for the prospect of "black-brown" coalitions and for the descriptive representation of ethnoracial minorities.
Finally, understanding the factors that shape White Americans' preferences over policies that disproportionately affect racial and linguistic minorities is increasingly important in a diversifying society. Chapter 3 focuses on the effects of racialized stereotypes on the formation of White public opinion regarding Hurricane Maria relief in Puerto Rico. Due to the ongoing fiscal crisis and the damage caused by the hurricane in 2017, the case of Puerto Rico has figured prominently in American media coverage as of late, but we know little about how the attitudes that shape U.S. policy toward Puerto Rico are formed. I conduct a nationally representative survey experiment in which I have two actors---roughly identical in all features except skin complexion---portray hurricane victims and give general information about the damage Maria caused. By varying the skin tone (light or dark) and language (Spanish or English) in the videos, I am able to assess the ways in which racial and linguistic markers shape Americans' preferences about a putatively race-neutral policy (disaster relief). I find that the Spanish language treatment decreases respondents' support for Puerto Rico, but not by much. The effects of race, on the other hand, are contingent on respondents' partisanship, race, and prior knowledge about Puerto Ricans' American citizenship.
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Costino, Kimberly Ann. "Caliban in the promised land: Literacy narratives, immigration narratives and racial formation in twentieth century United States culture." 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3068548.
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This project explores the relationship between literacy and immigration. It claims that the ideological imbrication between literacy and immigration is problematic because it articulates literacy with raceless, American citizenship and illiteracy with a raced, immigrant/outsider subject position. As a result, the notion of “becoming literate” serves as a racializing force in our culture. It supports an “ethnicity-based paradigm of race” that suggests that if an individual is not a “raceless,” middle-class American citizen, (if s/he does not see him/herself this way or if others do not see him/her this way), then s/he does not belong in the world and culture of the “literate.” Chapter 1 explains the rationale for this study both theoretically and in terms of the work in the field of composition. It demonstrates the ways that literacy narratives prominent in the field of composition are bound up with tropes, metaphors, and images of US immigration in the 20th century and contends that reliance on these tropes and images ultimately works to perpetuate static, homogeneous, hierarchized images of identities and cultures. Chapters 2 and 3 examine Mary Antin's The Promised Land. Together, they demonstrate that in order to argue against the biologically based ideologies of race underlying the arguments for immigration restriction, Antin needed to represent race as something that was “assimilable.” Therefore, her immigration narrative constructs literacy as a means of cultural assimilation. Chapters 4 and 5 address Richard Rodriguez' autobiography, The Hunger of Memory. Chapter 4 explores how the dominant image of immigration is embedded in the educational debates on desegregation, bilingual education, and affirmative action in ways that maintain the link between literacy and raceless, American citizenship and illiteracy and racialized immigrant others. Chapter 5 demonstrates that an intertextual reading of Rodriguez' narrative problematizes these articulations in promising ways. The concluding chapter points to teaching practices that might begin to deconstruct the racialized literate/illiterate binary that has prevented us from making literacy, in Linda Brodkey's words, “an offer that people cannot refuse.”
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Eason, Karen E. "Measurement and correlates of physical activity behavior among older minority women /." 2000. http://proquest.umi.com.www5.sph.uth.tmc.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=727907431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=92&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hogan, Monika I. "Touching whiteness: Race, grief, and ethical contact in contemporary United States ethnic novel." 2005. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3179882.
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The power of the system we call whiteness, as Toni Morrison points out in Playing in the Dark, has long resided in its invisibility—or, more specifically, in the invisibility of its reliance on the racialized Other in order to articulate what we take to be “the norm.” All of the issues and themes that we take to be particularly “American” rely upon the presence that Morrison names “Africanist,” and that embodied presence carries the burden of our culture's anxiety about the unpredictable, explosive, vulnerable and mortal condition of all bodies. Further, our conception of the U.S. as a nation and of whiteness as a racial category both rely upon fictionalized instances of racial contact that the reader finds sentimentally “touching.” In this dissertation, I argue that contemporary ethnic American novelists Toni Morrison, Chang-Rae Lee and Philip Roth have designed their narratives to revise the terms of that contact and revise the nature of that “touching.” In so doing, they seek to revise our ability to incorporate their narratives into a U.S. nationalism that valorizes whiteness. Generally speaking, works by “minority” authors are read in terms of what I call “ethical content”; that is, they are used to explain or elucidate historical injustices or consequences of difference such as “double-consciousness.” Such readings, ostensibly presented to “touch” the reader with a sense of outrage at the consequences of racism, often inspire much less feeling than that and always leave the structure of “whiteness” intact. I read Morrison, Lee and Roth as challenging this use of their narratives by structuring them in such a way as to make “ethical contact” with the reader. This contact is designed to translate the sympathetic relationship historically set up between whiteness and the racial other into a phenomenological relationship wherein whiteness is revealed to be not only visible, but touchable. In other words, these narratives reach out to the reader in order to implicate each of us in the material histories and racialized present that the characters (and authors) must contend with, and that includes the ghosts and the grief that attach themselves to racialized bodies.
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de, Sa Joao Menezes. "Attachment to childhood places in adult memory and Brazilian immigrant's sense of well-being in the United States of America." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9823727.
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The goal of this study was to examine the Brazilian immigrant's memories of a childhood place (i.e., place lived between 6 to 15 years of age) and the influence of these memories on immigrant's sense of well-being in the USA, self-esteem, and the longing to return to homeland. The subjects were 100 Brazilian immigrants (50 men and 50 women) who were at least age of eighteen years or older when they immigrated to USA and who have lived and are living in this country for least two years but not more than fifteen years. Results showed no correlations between positive/negative feelings about childhood place and the immigrant's sense of well-being in the USA, nor was the immigrant's current self-esteem explained by memory about attachment to childhood place or current well-being. Participants who had positive/pleasant feelings about childhood place had a higher association with the longing to return to the homeland than those who had a negative memory of childhood place. Men had more positive/pleasant memories of childhood place and a greater desire to return to homeland than women. Immigrants' narrative describing experience with childhood place supported the hypothesis that men and women experience place differently, i.e., their feelings about childhood place depend on their opportunity for self-actualization and type of experiences they had in that place. The main topics remembered and described about childhood place focused on the "locus" of childhood place; childhood place was remembered as the arena for interpersonal relationships; childhood place was seen as the container for cultural values and the source for self-identity development; and memories of childhood place were described as a part of the self (i.e., ontological landscape) which had a great influence on immigrant's desire to return to homeland.
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Gibbons, Youlanda Michelle. "The business of diversity: Strategies and structures in United States information technology businesses." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3096278.
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Resource dependency arguments bring IT businesses and their strategic efforts to recruit, hire, train and retain women and minorities into the center of this study's analysis. In essence, organizations, like IT businesses, depend on their ability to control and solve external and internal resource dependencies (Pfeffer & Salancik 1978). In the case of IT businesses attempt to attract, develop and retain women and minority IT talent, this ability is dependent on the firm's link to the outside world. In this effort, IT businesses must interact with other organizations given the critical need for human resources. Hence, the environment is thus the critical factor in which IT businesses become dependent. Building on the works of Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) and DiMaggio and Powell (1983), considerable attention has been devoted to understanding organizational structures and behaviors and their responses to the environment in terms of resource dependencies. Grounded in institutionalists, interorganizationalists, neoinstitutionalists and bureaucratic control theorists' arguments, this dissertation provides evidence of four imperatives underlying the business of diversity : (1) enforcement imperative; (2) business imperative; (3) moral imperative and (4) pluralistic imperative. The multiple and distinctive imperatives determine, at least in part, whether and to what extent IT businesses adopt and implement strategies. Data collected for this study involved two phases. First, a mail survey of a random sample of 600 U.S. IT businesses stratified by employee sizes of equal proportion was conducted. The second phase of this study involved in-depth interviews with twenty-five human resources managers and executives focusing on factors that contribute to a firm's decision to implement a diversity strategy and structure as well as how they enter into and negotiate relationships with other organizations in order to obtain their diversity goals. Together, this multi-method approach provides data that predicts how environmental and organizational factors predict how IT businesses adopt and implement strategies and structures to recruit, hire, train and retain women and minority IT professionals.
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Nebedum-Ezeh, Georgina Chizoba. "An examination of the experiences and coping strategies of African students at predominantly White institutions of higher education in the United States." 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9737567.
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Among studies of International students at predominantly white institutions of higher education in the United States, very few have focused on African students in particular. Most of those that exist have drawbacks, ranging from difficulties in interpreting the data, to inconsistencies in the experiences of those studied. A majority were carried out by means of questionnaire and none by qualitative method of inquiry. This study examines the experiences and coping strategies employed by African students at predominantly white institutions of higher education in the United States, focusing on institutions in Western Massachusetts. Factors considered include pre-entry orientation, adaptation and assimilation, re-entry, issues of adaptability and adjustment problems. Other areas considered include social and academic issues, relationships, college environment, academic achievements and what strategies are being employed by African students to cope with their new educational environment. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. An in-depth interviewing methodology using a modified interview guide adapted from J. M. Celona (1982) was used to explore the experiences and the coping strategies of 10 non-randomly chosen African students. A pretested survey questionnaire instrument that drew on J. M. Davies et al. (1961) was administered to African students identified through both formal and informal channels in the target institutions. The findings of this study reveal that African students experience expectation and adjustment difficulties upon arrival in the United States because of inadequate predeparture orientation in their home countries and inadequate help when here. African students, driven to achieve despite hardship often seek out admission to U.S. institutions on their own. The African students' urge to succeed academically is motivated by the sense of "multiple accountability" to self, family, friends and even their larger community. African students encounter discrimination on campus, feel isolated and are not socially connected to native students. African students make minimal use of the resources on campus. Coping strategies employed by these students include studying and working harder to overcome academic problems and/or deficiencies, trial and error, risk taking and seeking help from campus officials, faculty, fellow Africans and other foreign students and even strangers. This study concludes the following: (1) that a more comprehensive orientation to American culture and to campus life in particular should be provided for African students upon their arrival. More specifically: that an orientation program that introduces African students to the physical environment, registration procedures, academic policies, housing, counseling, health services, visa requirements and Immigration and Naturalization Services regulations, financial matters and social and intercultural activities should be provided. (2) that an African be involved in the management and administration of African students affairs so as to assure cultural sensitivity. (3) finally that a sense of community be provided for these African students by the Afticans in the area and African Students Association.
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Garcia, Karen Marie. "Migrant Puerto Rican women in the United States under economic stress: A theoretical framework for a national study." 1989. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9001505.
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This study examines current understanding of the experience of Puerto Rican migrant women as they cope with a new environment. Acculturation theory is analyzed and found limited in its conceptualization of migration as confined largely to the individual. An interdisciplinary review of the literature is used to explain the process of adaptation as an interplay of personal and social factors. The personal and social functions of ethnicity and gender are found critical in migrant women's search for economic advancement. A demographic account of the experience of Puerto Ricans in the United States is provided. A review of empirical studies suggests that being head of household is a significant factor keeping Island born Puerto Rican women out of the labor force. This economic disadvantage is seen to affect the process of acculturation, and reciprocally, acculturation is seen as a requirement for labor force participation. A multidimensional framework is developed which explains that the exclusion of these women from the labor force is rooted in this country's issues of gender and ethnicity. Educational implications are discussed and suggestions for public policy are included. Future research must investigate the effect of prevailing social influences on migrants which place assimilation as their most desirable status. Acculturation studies must focus on the interrelated nature of ethnicity and gender and incorporate into their analyses the effect of socioeconomic resources on adjustment. The experience of migrant Puerto Rican women heads of household must be further examined and new methods derived to quantify their status by means of the available census procedures. A longitudinal national study of the experience of Puerto Ricans in the United States would provide significant interdisciplinary impact.
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Chen, Min-hua. "Family literacy in a Chinese community in the United States: An ethnographic study." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9841851.
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This study was conducted in a Chinese community located in an academic community in the United States. Ethnographic data were collected from the Chinese community in general and subsequently a close study of ten families who had school aged children was conducted. As international graduate students or visiting scholars, the parents in the families had affiliations with institutions of higher education and lived in the United States temporarily. The purpose of this study was to document, analyze, and find the meanings of the Chinese families' home literacy practices, as well as their strengths and difficulties. Theories of literacy as social and cultural practices led to the study's focus on the social and cultural backgrounds of the parents and their use of home literacy as cultural practices for achieving social goals. This study addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the home literacy practices of a group of Chinese families living in a community in the American society; (2) What are the Chinese parents' perspectives about literacy, schooling, their roles in their children's literacy development, and how have these factors influenced the families' home literacy practices; (3) How have families experienced literacy learning in the American schools, and how have these experiences influenced the families' home literacy practices. This study was ethnographic in methodology. Data were obtained through interviews and participant observation. Analysis of the data showed that the parents, who grew up in Chinese society, formed their views of literacy in that particular sociocultural environment. Those views guided them in home literacy practices. These practices served as a process of cultural transmission. Through home literacy practices, the parents helped their children construct and maintain identity with Chinese culture, traditional social relations, and the values of literacy learning. Home literacy practices also helped the families make adaptations when they came to the United States. When the families came to this country, the host culture posed as challenges to the families' lives. The children's schools served especially as the representative of the new culture to the families. The school culture made a strong impact on the families' home literacy practices. Soon the parents found that what counted as literacy in this new sociocultural environment was different from their previous experiences. They used home literacy practices to help cope with the difficulties they faced. These practices enabled them and their children to negotiate between the Chinese and the American cultures, to help the children function in American schools, and to prepare them return to home country.