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Kean, David J., Corey A. Peacock, Gabriel J. Sanders, John McDaniel, Lisa A. C. Colvin, and Ellen L. Glickman. "The Effects of Cold and Lower Body Negative Pressure on Cardiovascular Homeostasis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/728145.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine how cold exposure and lower body negative pressure effected cardiovascular variables.Methods. Eleven males (20.3 years ± 2.7) underwent two 20-minute exposures to LBNP. During the 2 trials, the subjects were exposed to cold air (10°C) (COLD) and to ambient temperature (23°C) (AMB). The trials consisted of a 100-minute pre-LBNP period followed by a 20-minute exposure to LBNP and then a 15-minute recovery period. Cardiovascular variables were recorded every 30 minutes using bioimpedance.Results. When LBNP was applied during the AMB trials, stroke volume immediately decreased. During the COLD trial, there was a five-minute delay before the decrease in stroke volume. Heart rate increased immediately after LBNP initiation during the AMB trials but there was a delay in the increase during the COLD trials. That same pattern was followed with mean arterial blood pressures. Cerebral oxygenation was significantly lower throughout the COLD trial as compared to the AMB trials. Six subjects reported symptoms of syncope or presyncope during the AMB trials but there were no reports of symptoms during the COLD trials.Conclusion. From analysis of this data, cold improved the subject’s tolerance to LBNP.
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Peel, Claire, and Diane Ballard. "Reproducibility of the 6-Minute-Walk Test in Older Women." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 9, no. 2 (April 2001): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.9.2.184.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the 6-min-walk test (6MWT) in older women. A secondary purpose was to document heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in response to the 6MWT. Twenty-eight women with an average age of 80.0 years (±5.2) participated. They performed 2 trials of the 6MWT on 3 separate days, for a total of 6 trials. Heart rate, BP, RPE, and the total distance walked were recorded for each trial. The results indicated a significant increase from Trial 1 to Trial 2, with no differences between Trials 2–6, F(5, 131) = 7.02, p = .000. HR and BP were consistent across the 6 trials, and RPE was higher for the second trial on the second day of testing, F(5, 131) = 2.72, p = .023. The intraclass correlation coefficient for distance walked was .94. After the initial trial, performance on the 6MWT appears to be stable in older women.
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Brooks, Dina, Aileen M. Davis, and Gary Naglie. "The Feasibility of Six-Minute and Two-Minute Walk Tests in In-patient Geriatric Rehabilitation." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, no. 2 (2007): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.26.2.009.
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ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the feasibility of the 6-minute and 2-minute walk tests in frail older persons.Design: Pre/post–design with measures at admission and discharge to in-patient geriatric rehabilitation.Participants: Fifty-two subjects (35 women, 17 men; age 80 ± 8 years).Results: Only 1 of the first 8 subjects could complete a single trial of the 6-minute walk test at admission. The 2-minute walk test was feasible in this population, with 50 (out of 52) subjects able to complete at least one trial at admission. There was an increase in distance walked when three trials of the 2-minute walk were performed, at both admission and discharge (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: The 2-minute walk test is a feasible measure of functional capacity and was better tolerated than the 6-minute walk test in older persons in geriatric rehabilitation. Consideration needs to be given to the potential of a training effect or the need for repeated measures to obtain a best estimate for the 2-minute walk test.
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Shukla, Vivek Vishwanath, Anal Jitendrakumar Chaudhari, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar, Ajay Gajanan Phatak, Dipen Vasudev Patel, and Archana Somashekhar Nimbalkar. "Skin-to-Skin Care by Mother vs. Father for Preterm Neonatal Pain: A Randomized Control Trial (ENVIRON Trial)." International Journal of Pediatrics 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8886887.
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Objective. To compare skin-to-skin care (SSC) given by mother and father for preterm neonatal pain control by premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Methods. 64 stable preterm (28-36 weeks gestational age) neonates born at a level-3 neonatal intensive care unit were included in the trial. Random allocation with the help of a computer-generated sequence was done. In group A, SSC was given by the mother 15 minutes before the first heel-stick, and subsequently, SSC was given by the father before the second heel-stick. In group B, the sequence of SSC provider was reversed. Blinded PIPP score assessment at 0, 1, and 5 minutes of heel-stick were done by two independent assessors using video recording. Results. The mean (SD) birth weight was 1665.18 (339.35) grams, and mean (SD) gestational age was 34.28 (2.24) weeks. The PIPP score at 0, 1, and 5 minutes had no statistical or clinically significant differences between both groups (PIPP score mean (SD) at 0 minute = 3.20 (1.11) vs. 3.01 (1.29), p value = 0.38; 1 minute = 8.59 (4.27) vs. 8.26 (4.08), p value = 0.66; 5 minutes = 3.79 (1.40) vs. 3.93 (1.99), p value = 0.65 in SSC by mother and father group, respectively). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between the groups for any components of the PIPP score (all p values > 0.05). The PIPP score at 5 minutes almost attained the 0-minute level in both the groups. Conclusion. Father is as effective as the mother for providing skin-to-skin care for preterm neonatal pain control. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/01/016783.
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Harris, Daniel P., Arvind Balasubramaniam, M. Safwan Badr, and Jason H. Mateika. "Long-term facilitation of ventilation and genioglossus muscle activity is evident in the presence of elevated levels of carbon dioxide in awake humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 4 (October 2006): R1111—R1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00896.2005.
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We hypothesized that long-term facilitation (LTF) of minute ventilation and peak genioglossus muscle activity manifests itself in awake healthy humans when carbon dioxide is sustained at elevated levels. Eleven subjects completed two trials. During trial 1, baseline carbon dioxide levels were maintained during and after exposure to eight 4-min episodes of hypoxia. During trial 2, carbon dioxide was sustained 5 mmHg above baseline levels during exposure to episodic hypoxia. Seven subjects were exposed to sustained elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the absence of episodic hypoxia, which served as a control experiment. Minute ventilation was measured during trial 1, trial 2, and the control experiment. Peak genioglossus muscle activity was measured during trial 2. Minute ventilation during the recovery period of trial 1 was similar to baseline (9.3 ± 0.5 vs. 9.2 ± 0.7 l/min). Likewise, minute ventilation remained unchanged during the control experiment (beginning vs. end of control experiment, 14.4 ± 1.7 vs. 14.7 ± 1.4 l/min). In contrast, minute ventilation and peak genioglossus muscle activity during the recovery period of trial 2 was greater than baseline (minute ventilation: 28.4 ± 1.7 vs. 19.6 ± 1.0 l/min, P < 0.001; peak genioglossus activity: 1.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.0 fraction of baseline, P < 0.001). We conclude that exposure to episodic hypoxia is necessary to induce LTF of minute ventilation and peak genioglossus muscle activity and that LTF is only evident in awake humans in the presence of sustained elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
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Tobe, Sheldon W., Lisa Dubrofsky, Daniel I. Nasser, Raveenie Rajasingham, and Martin G. Myers. "Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Automated Office Blood Pressure Readings After Zero or Five Minutes of Rest." Hypertension 78, no. 2 (August 2021): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17319.
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The purpose of the Zero to Five study was to compare automated office blood pressure (AOBP) readings obtained after either 0 or 5 minutes of antecedent rest in relation to the awake ambulatory blood pressure. AOBP is recommended in different jurisdictions following either a 0- or 5-minute rest. This was a prospective, randomized, 2 arm, trial with blinded outcomes, recruiting adult patients referred for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Participants had an AOBP measurement performed according to clinical practice guidelines with an OMRON HEM-907XL set to measure after 0 or 5 minutes of rest. The primary outcome was the difference between the mean AOBP and mean awake ABPM in the 0-minute wait group versus that in the 5-minute wait group. The study enrolled 618 participants, mean age 57.1 years, 52% women. For the 0-minute rest group, the mean AOBP was 141.2/83.1 (17.1/12.1 mm Hg) and the awake ABPM was 141.3/83.8 (16.1/10.2 mm Hg), with difference −0.02/0.52 (17.4/11.4 mm Hg). For the 5-minute rest group, the mean AOBP was 138.2/81.7 (16.9/12.4 mm Hg) and the awake ABPM was 143.4/83.6 (17.3/10.3 mm Hg), with difference −5.16/−0.8 (18.6/11.6 mm Hg). The difference of differences in systolic blood pressure (AOBP-awake ABPM) for the 0 versus the 5-minute wait group was 5.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, P =0.005) with the 0-minute AOBP measurement closest to the awake ABPM. The Zero to Five study demonstrated that a wait time of 0 minute before an AOBP measurement was closer to the daytime ABPM result than a 5-minute wait before the AOBP. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03732924.
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Pothier, D. D., C. E. J. Hall, S. Gillett, and P. Nankivell. "Timing of co-phenylcaine administration before rigid nasendoscopy: a randomized, controlled trial." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 3 (August 15, 2006): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106002441.
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Rigid nasendoscopy is a commonly used method of examining the nasal cavity and postnasal space. Co-phenylcaine is useful for its vasoconstrictive and anaesthetic properties, but the length of time allowed for it to take effect is variable. We performed a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether it was better to allow one or 10 minutes for co-phenylcaine to take effect. Fifty patients were randomized into two groups, 25 in each. Patients in the 10 minute group experienced less discomfort (p=0.02) and less pain (p=0.018) than those in the one minute group. Ease of examination was also greater in the 10 minute group, as was the quality of the image obtained (p<0.001).
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Hutapea, Dwight M. M., Albert M. Hutapea, Kimberley M. M. Hutapea, and Alfa Christina. "The Frequent Interruptions with Light-intensity Calisthenics Reduced Postprandial Hyperglycemia during Prolonged Sitting." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.1999.
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Introduction: Individuals with high levels of sedentary time may have significantly increased relative risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, respectively. This study examined the acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with light-intensity calisthenics on postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults.
Methods: There were thirty normoglycemic university students that participated in this research with anthropometric characteristics: age (21.4 ± 1.2 years), body weight (57.2 ± 8.1 kg), height (163.3 ± 7.5 cm), BMI (20.7 ± 2.4), blood pressure (77.3 ± 11.4 mmHg), and heart rate (78.5 ± 13.1 per minute). Each participant consumed standard 75-grams glucose. The treatment was divided into two trials. First, the control trial, the participants were instructed to sit for five straight hours. The profile of changes in blood glucose was taken at an interval of 30 minutes from minutes 0, 30, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300. Second, the experimental trial was the same with the control trial except that the participants did a light-intensity calisthenics for 3 minutes then sit for 27 minutes, repeating this activity at the 30-minute intervals. Data were analyzed using paired T-test.
Results: The baseline data between trials were not significantly different. The values of blood glucose of each time point were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results are expressed as the blood glucose value in mg/dl ± SD of control trial vs. experimental trial, and the p value of its statistical analysis. At 0 minute (baseline): 91.6 ± 9.89 vs. 89.6 ± 14.50, p = 0.43; at 30 minutes 174.9 ± 43.86 vs. 169.3 ± 44.86, p = 0.49; at 60 minutes: 149.9 ± 26.11 vs. 164.1 ± 50.06, p = 0.12; at 90 minutes: 137.1 ± 21.13 vs. 133.6 ± 33.62, p = 0.60, at 120 minutes: 121.1 ± 25.49 vs. 114.4 ± 32.29, p = 0.39, at 180 minutes: 83.9 ± 17.65 vs. 77.7 ± 14.38, p =0.45, at 240 minutes: 80.4 ± 1.98 vs. 82.5 ± 12.07, p = 0.31, at 300 minutes: 82.9 ± 13.16 vs. 83.9 ± 13.09, p = 0.76. There were no significant changes in all the point of blood glucose recordings except at 120 minutes, where the postprandial blood glucose of the experimental trial with light-intensity walking was significantly lower than that of control trial.
Discussion: This study found that interrupting sitting time with short bouts of light-intensity calisthenics reduced postprandial hyperglycemia. This light-intensity activity reduced the postprandial hyperglycemia although not at a significant level statistically except at the 180 minutes time point. Since postprandial hyperglycemia is a cardiovascular risk factor in nondiabetics, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia improves lowers this risk factor.
Conclusion: Given these positive effects observed in healthy participants, it seems prudent to regularly break periods of prolonged sitting with brief bouts of activity. We recommend that periodically breaking periods of prolonged sitting supplementary to participate in longer and more intense bouts of physical activity. Further study is recommended on more frequent light-intensity bouts of activity and shorter period of uninterrupted sitting.
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Nikolla, Dhimitri A., Brandon J. Kramer, and Jestin N. Carlson. "A Cross-Over Trial Comparing Conventional to Compression-Adjusted Ventilations with Metronome-Guided Compressions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 02 (April 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000098.
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Introduction:Hyperventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) negatively affects cardiopulmonary physiology. Compression-adjusted ventilations (CAVs) may allow providers to deliver ventilation rates more consistently than conventional ventilations (CVs). This study sought to compare ventilation rates between these two methods during simulated cardiac arrest.Null Hypothesis:That CAV will not result in different rates than CV in simulated CPR with metronome-guided compressions.Methods:Volunteer Basic Life Support (BLS)-trained providers delivered bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilations during simulated CPR with metronome-guided compressions at 100 beats/minute. For the first 4-minute interval, volunteers delivered CV. Volunteers were then instructed on how to perform CAV by delivering one breath, counting 12 compressions, and then delivering a subsequent breath. They then performed CAV for the second 4-minute interval. Ventilation rates were manually recorded. Minute-by-minute ventilation rates were compared between the techniques.Results:A total of 23 volunteers were enrolled with a median age of 36 years old and with a median of 14 years of experience. Median ventilation rates were consistently higher in the CV group versus the CAV group across all 1-minute segments: 13 vs 9, 12 vs 8, 12 vs 8, and 12 vs 8 for minutes one through four, respectively (P <.01, all). Hyperventilation (>10 breaths per minute) occurred 64% of the time intervals with CV versus one percent with CAV (P <.01). The proportion of time which hyperventilation occurred was also consistently higher in the CV group versus the CAV group across all 1-minute segments: 78% vs 4%, 61% vs 0%, 57% vs 0%, and 61% vs 0% for minutes one through four, respectively (P <.01, all).Conclusions:In this simulated model of cardiac arrest, CAV had more accurate ventilation rates and fewer episodes of hyperventilation compared with CV.Nikolla DA, Kramer BJ, Carlson JN. A cross-over trial comparing conventional to compression-adjusted ventilations with metronome-guided compressions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):220–223
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McMurray, Robert G., and Matthew S. Tenan. "Relationship of potassium ions and blood lactate to ventilation during exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 5 (October 2010): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-063.
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Ventilatory control during exercise is a complex network of neural and humoral signals. One humoral input that has received little recent attention in the exercise literature is potassium ions [K+]. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between [K+] and ventilation during an incremental cycle test and to determine if the relationship between [K+] and ventilation differs when blood lactate [lac–] is manipulated. Eight experienced triathletes (4 of each sex) completed 2 incremental, progressive (5-min stages) cycle tests to volitional fatigue: 1 with normal glycogen stores and 1 with reduced glycogen. Minute ventilation was measured during the final minute of each stage, and blood [lac–] and [K+] were measured at the end of each exercise stage. Minute ventilation and [K+] increased with exercise intensity and were similar between trials (p > 0.5), despite lower [lac–] during the reduced-glycogen trial. The concordance correlations (Rc) between [lac–] and minute ventilation were stronger for both trials (Rc = ~0.88–0.96), but the slopes of the relationships were different than the relationships between [K+] and minute ventilation (Rc = ~0.76–0.89). The slope of the relationship between [lac–] and minute ventilation was not as steep during the reduced-glycogen trial, compared with the normal trial (p = 0.002). Conversely, the slope of the relationships between [K+] and minute ventilation did not change between trials (p = 0.454). The consistent relationship of minute ventilation and blood [K+] during exercise suggests a role for this ion in the control of ventilation during exercise. Conversely, the inconsistent relationship between blood lactate and ventilation brings into question the importance of the relationship between lactate and ventilation during exercise.
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Bhandari, Mohit, Katelyn Godin, and Mandeep Dhillon. "The three-minute appraisal of a randomized trial." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 45, no. 3 (2011): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.80036.
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Weber, Walter P., Stefan Reck, Uschi Neff, Ramon Saccilotto, Marc Dangel, Manfred L. Rotter, Reno Frei, Daniel Oertli, Walter R. Marti, and Andreas F. Widmer. "Surgical Hand Antisepsis With Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Comparison of Effectiveness After 1.5 and 3 Minutes of Application." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 5 (May 2009): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596772.
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Objective.Research has shown 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub to be at least as effective under experimental conditions as the 3-minute reference disinfection recommended by European Norm 12791. The aim of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis in a clinical setting by comparing the effectiveness of 1.5- and 3-minute applications of alcohol-based hand rub (45% vol/vol 2-propanol, 30% vol/vol 1-propanol, and 0.2% mecetronium ethylsulphate).Design.Prospective crossover trial in which each surgeon served as his or her own control, with individual randomization to the 1.5-or the 3-minute group during the first part of the trial.Setting.Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.Participants.Thirty-two surgeons with different levels of postdoctoral training.Methods.We measured the bactericidal effectiveness of 1.5 minutes and 3 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub by assessing the mean (± SD) log10 number of colony-forming units before the application of hand rub (baseline), after the application of hand rub (immediate effect), and after surgery (sustained effect) so as to follow European Norm 12791 as closely as possible.Results.The immediate mean (± SD) log10 reduction in colony-forming units (cfu) was 2.66 ±1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 3.01 ±1.06 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .204). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the sustained effect; the mean ( ± SD) log10 increase in bacterial density during surgery was 1.08 ± 1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 0.95 ± 1.27 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .708). No adverse effects were recorded.Conclusion.In this clinical trial, surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub resulted in a similar bacterial reduction, regardless of whether it was applied for 3 or 1.5 minutes, which confirms experimental data generated with healthy volunteers.
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Watkins, Jonathan, Simon Platt, Erik Andersson, and Kerry McGawley. "Pacing Strategies and Metabolic Responses During 4-Minute Running Time Trials." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 9 (October 2017): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0341.
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Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate pacing strategies and the distribution of physiological resources in best vs worst performances during a series of 4-min self-paced running time trials (RunTTs). Methods:Five male and 5 female recreational runners (age 32 ± 7 y) completed a submaximal ramp test and 5 RunTTs on a motor-driven treadmill fitted with a speed-controlling laser system. The supramaximal oxygen-uptake (V̇O2) demand was estimated by linear extrapolation from the submaximal relationship between V̇O2 and speed, enabling computation of the accumulated oxygen deficit. Results:There were no significant differences between the 5 RunTTs for any of the performance, physiological, or subjective responses (P > .05). The trial-to-trial variability in pacing (ie, separate quarters) was typically low, with an average within-athlete coefficient of variation of 3.3%, being highest at the start and end of the 4 min. Total distance covered and distance covered over the first and last 2 min for best and worst performances were 1137 ± 94 and 1090 ± 89 (P < .001), 565 ± 53 and 526 ± 40 m (P = .002), and 572 ± 47 and 565 ± 54 m (P = .346), respectively. Conclusions:Negative pacing strategies were evident during both the best and the worst performances of the RunTT. Best performances were characterized by more aggressive pacing over the first 2 min compared with worst performances. In addition, the relatively low trial-to-trial variability in running speed suggests that pacing strategies are similar during a series of 4-min self-paced running time trials.
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Tabata, Hiromitsu, Kenichiro Miura, and Kenji Kawano. "Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 2 (February 2008): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00714.2007.
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To understand how the CNS uses past experiences to generate movements that accommodate minute-by-minute environmental changes, we studied the trial-by-trial updating of the gain for initiating smooth pursuit eye movements and how this relates to the history of previous trials. Ocular responses in humans elicited by a small perturbing motion presented 300 ms after appearance of a target were used as a measure of the gain of visuomotor transmission. After the perturbation, the target was either moved horizontally (pursuit trial) or remained in a stationary position (fixation trial). The trial sequence randomly included pursuit and fixation. The amplitude of the response to the perturbation was modulated in a trial-by-trial manner based on the immediately preceding trial, with preceding fixation and pursuit trials decreasing and increasing the gain, respectively. The effect of the previous trial was larger with shorter intertrial intervals, but did not diminish for at least 2,000 ms. A time-series analysis showed that the response amplitude was significantly correlated with the past few trials, with dynamics that could be approximated by a first-order linear system. The results suggest that the CNS integrates recent experiences to set the gain in preparation for upcoming tracking movements in a changing environment.
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Parris, Kirstie, and Christopher J. Tyler. "Practical Torso Cooling During Soccer-Specific Exercise in the Heat." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-417-17.
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Context Precooling and midevent cooling of the torso using cooling vests can improve exercise performance in the heat with or without physiological changes; however, the effects of such cooling during intermittent exercise in the heat are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of torso cooling during intermittent exercise in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humdity) on sprint performance and the physiological and perceptual responses to the exercise. Design Crossover study. Setting Walk-in environmental chamber. Patients or Other Participants Ten non–heat-acclimated, male soccer players (age = 25 ± 2 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass = 72.9 ± 7.6 kg). Intervention(s) Two 90-minute bouts of soccer-specific intermittent running in the heat: 1 trial with a cooling vest worn during the exercise and 1 trial without a cooling vest. Each trial comprised two 45-minute periods separated by approximately 15 minutes of seated rest in cool conditions (approximately 23°C, 50% relative humdity). Main Outcome Measure(s) Peak sprint speed, rectal temperature (Tr), mean-weighted skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal sensation (TS) were measured every 5 minutes. Results Peak sprint performance was largely unaffected by the cooling vest. The Tr, Tsk, HR, RPE, and TS were unaffected in the cooling-vest trial during the first 45 minutes, but Tr rose at a slower rate in the cooling-vest trial (0.026°C.min–1 ± 0.008°C.min–1) than in the no-vest trial (0.032°C.min–1 ± 0.009°C.min–1). During the second 45-minute period, Tr, Tr rate of rise, Tsk, RPE, and TS were lower in the cooling-vest trial (Hedges g range, 0.55–0.84), but mean HR was unaffected. Conclusions Wearing a cooling vest during soccer-specific intermittent running in the heat reduced physiological and perceptual strain but did not increase peak sprint speed.
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Heidorn, C. Eric, Brandon J. Dykstra, Cori A. Conner, and Anthony D. Mahon. "Carbohydrate Drink Use During 30 Minutes of Variable-Intensity Exercise Has No Effect on Exercise Performance in Premenarchal Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2020-0050.
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Purpose: This study examined the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) drink during variable-intensity exercise (VIE) and a postexercise test in premenarchal girls. Methods: A total of 10 girls (10.4 [0.7] y) participated in the study. VO2peak was assessed, and the girls were familiarized with VIE and performance during the first visit. The trial order (CHO and placebo) was randomly assigned for subsequent visits. The drinks were given before VIE bouts and 1-minute performance (9 mL/kg total). Two 15-minute bouts of VIE were completed (10 repeated sequences of 20%, 55%, and 95% power at VO2peak and maximal sprints) before a 1-minute performance sprint. Results: The mean power, peak power, heart rate (HR), %HRpeak, and rating of perceived exertion during VIE did not differ between trials. However, the peak power decreased, and the rating of perceived exertion increased from the first to the second bout. During the 1-minute performance, there were no differences between the trial (CHO vs placebo) for HR (190 [9] vs 189 [9] bpm), %HRpeak (97.0% [3.2%] vs 96.6% [3.0%]), rating of perceived exertion (7.8 [2.3] vs 8.1 [1.9]), peak power (238 [70] vs 235 [60] W), fatigue index (54.7% [10.0%] vs 55.9% [12.8%]), or total work (9.4 [2.6] vs 9.4 [2.1] kJ). Conclusion: CHO supplementation did not alter physiological, perceptual, or performance responses during 30 minutes of VIE or postexercise sprint performance in premenarchal girls.
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Copeman, Peter. "Three Minute Theatre." International Journal for Researcher Development 6, no. 1 (May 11, 2015): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrd-09-2014-0028.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to help higher degree by research (HDR) students understand the intrinsic nature of a Three Minute Thesis (3MT) presentation as a pitch and how this differs from normal academic discourse, and to present a suite of principles and practices with which they can develop the quality and impact of their presentations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a three-year University of Canberra (UC) research project involving three phases: distillation and analysis, with reference to theories and practice of dramatic narrative and performance, of key components of successful past 3MT presentations; establishment from this analysis of a suite of principles and practices to help students develop the quality and impact of their 3MT pitches; and trial, evaluation and refinement of these principles and practices via workshops with around 40 UC competitors. Findings – Presentations are framed firstly as an exercise in pitching and consequently as a type of dramatic monologue performance. Preparing such a presentation requires scripting a research narrative as a story with emotional as well as intellectual impact, developing a vocal and physical performance presence to connect with an audience and planning the use of the presentation space and constraints for best effect. Evaluations by workshop participants, reinforced by their success in the UC tournaments relative to non-participants, suggest that advantages of this approach to research pitching by these students apply not only for 3MT contests but also for clarifying and crystallising their research ideas, and for enhancing the quality of their presentation skills more generally. Research limitations/implications – The research methodology is a qualitative participant-observer action research study over three years. Although in part a kind of intervention study because it makes some comparison of 3MT success rates of study participants with non-participants, it is not a randomised control trial, as this would be inequitable by arbitrarily excluding subjects who might wish to take part. The primary value of the research is its adaptation to the research communications sphere of well-established modes of dramatic and business communication, and the value placed on these by participants. Practical implications – The principles and practices presented here make explicit for 3MT contestants knowledge that they are likely to possess already implicitly, and provide practical, achievable methods for developing and honing their presentations so as to maximise their impact on their audiences. Social implications – The paper makes a case for the legitimacy of emotionally connected storytelling within the array of acceptable academic discourse. Originality/value – The paper draws on theory and practice from the literary and performing arts to synthesise emotionally connected storytelling with traditional academic thinking and writing conventions of detached, dispassionate, reasoned argument based on quantifiable evidence.
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Saltz, L. B., K. Y. Chung, J. Timoney, V. Park, and E. Hollywood. "Simplification of bevacizumab (bev) administration: Do we need 90, 60, or even 30 minute infusion times?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3542.
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3542 Background: Bev is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF. Due to concerns of infusion related hypersensitivity reactions, phase I trials of bev used an initial 90 minute infusion of bev, a 60 minutes for on the next dose, and 30 minutes for all doses thereafter. This has remained the administration schedule throughout development and registration. No significant infusion-related toxicities were reported in the pivotal phase III registration trial. We postulated therefore that bev could be safely given without initially prolonged infusion times. Methods: We obtained an IRB waiver of authorization to review the records of patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who were treated with bev in the first 3 months of commercial availability (cut-off date 5/15/05). Our institutional adverse drug reaction reporting program was utilized to identify any infusion reactions related to bev. Additionally, patient medical records were reviewed for further confirmation. Results: Following initial commercial availability of bev in February 2004, 202 consecutive colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were treated with bev (5 mg/kg) at MSKCC starting as a 90 minute, then 60 minute, then 30 minute infusion. No hypersensitivity reactions were seen. A decision was then made to establish an institutional practice of using 30 minute infusion times for all doses, including initial doses, of bev. Subsequently, 212 consecutive CRC patients were treated with bev 5 mg/kg, initially as a 30 minute infusion. No infusion reactions were observed. Conclusions: Administration of the initial dose of bev over 30 minutes appears to be safe and well-tolerated. This has been the standard initial infusion time at MSKCC for 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg doses of bev. Based on our favorable experience with 30 minute infusions of 15 mg/kg (0.5 mg/kg/minute), as of Nov ’05 we have changed our institutional guidelines such that all non-protocol patients receiving bev are initiated at the infusion rate of 0.5 mg/kg/minute. Thus, our standard 5 mg/kg doses of bev are given over 10 minutes, 10 mg/kg doses are given over 20 minutes, and 15 mg/kg doses are given over 30 minutes. Active quality assurance and safety monitoring are maintained throughout. Data will be updated for the meeting. [Table: see text]
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Shih, Chiao-Yu, Wen-Li Lee, Chih-Wei Lee, Chien-Hui Huang, and Yu-Zu Wu. "Effect of Time Ratio of Heat to Cold on Brachial Artery Blood Velocity During Contrast Baths." Physical Therapy 92, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100394.
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Background Contrast baths have been adopted widely in clinics. However, the time ratio of heat to cold modalities has not been well established. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of time ratio on brachial artery mean blood velocity (aMBV) and determine the optimal duration in the second heating phase. Design This was a within-participant, repeated-measures, experimental study. Methods Thirty-four young volunteers who were healthy were recruited. Each participant performed 2 kinds of contrast baths within 2 separate sessions. In the first trial with a fixed time ratio, participants immersed their left hands in a 40°C hot bath for 3 minutes and then in an 18°C cold bath for 1 minute. This procedure was repeated 3 times. In the second trial, after the initial 3-minute hot bath and 1-minute cold bath, a 10-minute 40°C hot bath immersion was adopted as the second cycle. A color Doppler ultrasound scanner was used to measure aMBV, which was used to calculate the percentage of change related to the baseline (aMBV%) and the fluctuation in the heating phases (ΔaMBV%). Results In the first trial, compared with the first heating phase, the ΔaMBV% was significantly lower by 57% and by 46% in the second and third heating phases, respectively. In the second trial, the ΔaMBV% beyond the 7th minute did not reach a significantly lower level. Limitations The results cannot be generalized to elderly individuals or patients with medical conditions. Conclusion A longer duration in the second heating phase during contrast baths was required to produce a sufficient fluctuation in blood flow.
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Pechaksorn, Nutthapong, and Veerapong Vattanavanit. "CPR Compression Rotation Every One Minute Versus Two Minutes: A Randomized Cross-Over Manikin Study." Emergency Medicine International 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5479209.
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Background. The current basic life support guidelines recommend two-minute shifts for providing chest compressions when two rescuers are performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, various studies have found that rescuer fatigue can occur within one minute, coupled with a decay in the quality of chest compressions. Our aim was to compare chest compression quality metrics and rescuer fatigue between alternating rescuers in performing one- and two-minute chest compressions. Methods. This prospective randomized cross-over study was conducted at Songklanagarind Hospital, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. We enrolled sixth-year medical students and residents and randomly grouped them into pairs to perform 8 minutes of chest compression, utilizing both the one-minute and two-minute scenarios on a manikin. The primary end points were chest compression depth and rate. The secondary end points included rescuers’ fatigue, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Results. One hundred four participants were recruited. Compared with participants in the two-minute group, participants in the one-minute group had significantly higher mean (standard deviation, SD) compression depth (mm) (45.8 (7.2) vs. 44.5 (7.1), P=0.01) but there was no difference in the mean (SD) rate (compressions per min) (116.1 (12.5) vs. 117.8 (12.4), P=0.08), respectively. The rescuers in the one-minute group had significantly less fatigue (P<0.001) and change in respiratory rate (P<0.001), but there was no difference in the change of heart rate (P=0.59) between the two groups. Conclusion. There were a significantly higher compression depth and lower rescuer fatigue in the 1-minute chest compression group compared with the 2-minute group. This trial is registered with TCTR20170823001.
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Pendry, Patricia, and Jaymie L. Vandagriff. "Animal Visitation Program (AVP) Reduces Cortisol Levels of University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial." AERA Open 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 233285841985259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858419852592.
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University students report high levels of stress. Although causal work is limited, one popular approach to promote stress relief is animal visitation programs (AVPs). We conducted a randomized trial (N = 249) examining effects of a 10-minute AVP on students’ salivary cortisol levels. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: hands-on AVP (petting cats and dogs; n = 73), AVP observation (watching others pet animals; n = 62), AVP slideshow (viewing images of same animals; n = 57), or AVP waitlist (n = 57). Participants collected salivary cortisol upon waking, and two samples were collected 15 and 25 minutes after the 10-minute condition, reflecting cortisol levels at the beginning and end of the intervention. Controlling for students’ basal cortisol, time awake, and circadian pattern, students in the hands-on condition had lower posttest cortisol compared to slideshow (β = .150, p = .046), waitlist (β = .152, p = .033), and observation (β = .164, p = .040). A 10-minute college-based AVP providing hands-on petting of cats and dogs provides momentary stress relief.
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Pritchett, K., P. Bishop, R. Pritchett, M. Kovacs, JK Davis, C. Casaru, and M. Green. "Effects of timing of pre-exercise nutrient intake on glucose responses and intermittent cycling performance." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2008): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2008/v20i3a279.
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Objective. To evaluate the effects of two different pre-exercise feeding schedules (15 minutes and 60 minutes prior to exercise) of a mixed-nutrient nutritional bar on blood glucose levels and subsequent intermittent, high-intensity cycling performance. Methods. Ten moderately trained athletes participated in this counterbalanced, crossover, repeated measures study. Participants completed a 50-minute counterbalanced treatment intermittent exercise protocol. During one trial, participants consumed 400 ml water and a nutritional bar 15 minutes before the exercise session (15MPE). During another trial, participants consumed 400 ml water and a nutritional bar 60 minutes before the exercise session (60MPE). During a control trial (CON) participants consumed 400 ml water. Results. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose response at rest or during exercise among the three treatments (CON, 15MPE and 60MPE). There were no significant differences in mean power (MP) between the three trials. Conclusions. Pre-exercise nutrient feedings at 15 minutes or 60 minutes before exercise did not affect intermittent cycling performance or blood glucose concentration. These results suggest that the time of ingestion, within 1 hour prior to exercise, of a complex carbohydrate similar in composition and volume used in this study does not impact on performance. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 86-90
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Faria Júnior, Newton Santos de, Cláudio Hiroshi Nakata, Luís Vicente Franco de Oliveira, Gaspar Rogério Chiappa, and Gerson Cipriano Júnior. "Evaluation of the best environment for the six-minute walk test." Fisioterapia em Movimento 28, no. 3 (September 2015): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.028.003.ao01.
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AbstractIntroduction The purpose of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) is to evaluate cardiopulmonary capacity using a low-cost test that is easy to administer, generally well tolerated by different populations and reflects one’s performance on activities of daily living. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the difference between performing the 6MWT indoors and outdoors.Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the distance covered on the 6MWT performed indoors and outdoors and evaluate the following physiological variables: heart rate, blood pressure and the subjective sensation of shortness of breath, using the Borg perceived exertion scale.Materials and methods A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was conducted involving eight healthy females not engaged in regular physical activity, with mean age 23.75 ± 1.67 years. Each subject performed the 6MWT indoors and outdoors with a 30-minute interval between tests. The order of the tests was determined randomly.Results The mean distance traveled was 578 ± 50.07 m on the outdoor trial and 579.95 ± 45.35 m on the indoor trial (p = 0.932). The mean physiological variables were 82.25 ± 11.02 bpm (indoors) versus 84.38 ± 9.42 bpm (outdoors) for heart rate, 121.88 ± 10.28 mmHg (indoors)versus 118.75 ± 19.40 mmHg (outdoors) for systolic blood pressure, 81.88 ± 9.74 mmHg (indoors) versus 80.50 ± 7.89 mmHg (outdoors) for diastolic blood pressure and a mean score of 12 on the perceived exertion score in both environments.Conclusions The present data demonstrate no differences in the distance walked on the 6MWT or the physiologic variables of participants between the indoor and outdoor trials.
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Hutapea, Albert Manggading, Kimberley M. M. Hutapea, Dwight M. M. Hutapea, and Monalisa Natkime. "The Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting with Light-intensity Walking Attenuated Postprandial Hyperglycemia." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.1998.
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Introduction: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for comorbidities and mortality regardless of physical activity level. Experimental data show interrupting prolonged sitting is beneficially associated with metabolic risk. This study therefore investigated the acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking on postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults.
Methods: This study involved 30 normoglycemic participants aged (20.9 ± 1.8 years), body weight (56.3 ± 9.2 kg), height (162.8 ± 8.0 cm), BMI (21.2 ± 2.9), systolic blood pressure (78.9 ± 12.9 mmHg), and heart rate (79.8 ± 12.9 per minute). Each of the study participants were given a standard 75-grams glucose. The treatment of the participants was divided into two trials. First, the control trial, the participants were instructed to sit for five straight hours. The profile of changes in blood glucose was taken at an inverval of 30 minutes from minutes 0, 30, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300. Second, the experimental trial where the participants were instructed to take a short walk for 3 minutes then sit for 27 minutes. Data were analyzed using paired T-test.
Results: There were no significant data difference at the baseline between trials. The comparison between the values of blood glucose of each time point were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results are as follows, expressed as the blood glucose value in mg/dl ± SD of control trial vs. experimental trial, and the p value of its statistical analysis. At 0 minute (baseline): 91.9 ± 9.95 vs. 96.00 ± 17.3, p = 0.29; at 30 minutes 175.8 ± 43.76 vs. 161.1 ± 31.87, p = 0.17; at 60 minutes: 150.5 5.22 vs. 160.1 ± 42.26, p = 0.24; at 90 minutes: 136.8 ± 20.52 vs. 129.7 ± 27.99, p = 0.17, at 120 minutes: 120.4 ± 24.51 vs. 88.6 ± 25.5, p = 0.00, at 180 minutes: 84.0 ± 18.15 vs. 84.3 ± 19.92, p =0.96, at 240 minutes: 79.2 ± 12.67 vs. 82.8 ± 12.07, p = 0.18, at 300 minutes: 83.1 ± 12.76 vs. 85.5 ± 10.51, p = 0.34. There were no significant changes in all the point of blood glucose recordings except at 120 minutes, where the postprandial blood glucose of the experimental trial with light-intensity walking was significantly lower than that of control trial.
Discussion: The main finding of this study was that breaking up sitting time with short bouts of light-intensity activity attenuated postprandial hyperglycemia. The light-intensity walking attenuated the postprandial hyperglycemia albeit not significant statistically except at the 120 minutes time point. Postprandial hyperglycemia is a cardiovascular risk factor in people with Type 2 diabetes and even in nondiabetics. Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia improves inflammation and endothelial function and reduces carotid intima-media thickness.
Conclusion: Frequent brief interruptions to prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking, impart beneficial postprandial responses. These findings add support for a public health focus on reducing and breaking up sitting time. Further study is recommended on more prolonged light-intensity bouts of activity and shorter period of sitting.
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Liao, Wei-Chih, Ching-Tai Lee, Chi-Yang Chang, Joseph W. Leung, Jiann-Hwa Chen, Ming-Chang Tsai, Jaw-Town Lin, Ming-Shiang Wu, and Hsiu-Po Wang. "Randomized trial of 1-minute versus 5-minute endoscopic balloon dilation for extraction of bile duct stones." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 72, no. 6 (December 2010): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.009.
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Pratama, Ade B., and Tossaporn Yimlamai. "Effects of Active and Passive Recovery on Muscle Oxygenation and Swimming Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0537.
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Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of 3 recovery protocols on muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, and subsequent performance during a 200-m repeated swim session. Methods: Twelve collegte swimmers completed 3 sessions of 2 consecutive 200-m front-crawl trials separated by 1 of 3 recovery protocols: a 15-minute active recovery (AR), a 15-minute passive recovery (PR), and a combination of 5-minute AR and 10-minute PR (CR) in a counterbalanced design. Tissue saturation index at biceps femoris, blood lactate concentration, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate were measured at rest, immediately after the trial, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes of recovery. Two-way analysis of variance (recovery × time) with repeated measures was used to determine measurement variables. A level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: No significant changes in swimming time were observed between trials (AR: 156.79 [4.09] vs 157.79 [4.23] s, CR: 156.50 [4.89] vs 155.55 [4.86] s, PR: 156.54 [4.70] vs 156.30 [4.52] s) across recovery conditions. Interestingly, tissue saturation index rapidly declined immediately after a 200-m swim and then gradually returned to baseline, with a greater value observed during CR compared with AR and PR after 15-minute recovery (P = .04). These changes were concomitant with significant reductions in blood lactate and heart rate during the recovery period (P = .00). Conclusion: The CR in the present study was more effective in enhancing muscle reoxygenation after a 200-m swim compared with AR and PR, albeit its beneficial effect on subsequent performance warrants further investigation.
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Burns, Karen E. A., Habib M. R. Karim, and Antonio M. Esquinas. "Characteristic of Subjects Who Fail a 120-Minute Spontaneous Breathing Trial: When Minutes Are Taken Into Account." Respiratory Care 64, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 114.1–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06404.
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Yang, Yu-Sheng, Alicia M. Koontz, Ronald J. Triolo, Rory A. Cooper, and Michael L. Boninger. "Biomechanical Analysis of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Trunk Musculature During Wheelchair Propulsion." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 23, no. 7 (March 4, 2009): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968308331145.
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Background. The objective of this study was to examine how surface electrical stimulation of trunk musculature influences the kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic characteristics, as well as shoulder muscle activity, during wheelchair propulsion. Methods. Eleven participants with spinal cord injury propelled their own wheelchairs on a dynamometer at a speed of 1.3 m/s for three 5-minute trials. During a propulsion trial, 1 of 3 stimulation levels (HIGH, LOW, and OFF) was randomly applied to the participant’s abdominal and back muscle groups with a surface functional electrical stimulation device. Propulsion kinetics, trunk kinematics, metabolic responses, and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of 6 shoulder muscles were collected synchronously. Kinetic, kinematic, and EMG variables were recorded during 3 time intervals (30 seconds each) within a 5-minute trial. Metabolic variables were recorded through the entire 5-minute trial. Results. Participants with HIGH stimulation increased their gross mechanical efficiency ( P = .05) during wheelchair propulsion. No differences were found in shoulder EMG activity, energy expenditure, and trunk motion between stimulation levels. Conclusion. Functional electrical stimulation on the trunk musculature has potential advantages in helping manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury improve propulsion efficiency without placing additional demands on shoulder musculature.
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Kumar, Sheila, Nirav Thosani, Uri Ladabaum, Shai Friedland, Ann M. Chen, Rajan Kochar, and Subhas Banerjee. "Adenoma miss rates associated with a 3-minute versus 6-minute colonoscopy withdrawal time: a prospective, randomized trial." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 85, no. 6 (June 2017): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.11.030.
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Rosenthal, Eric S., Jordan J. Elm, James Ingles, Alexander J. Rogers, Thomas E. Terndrup, Maija Holsti, Danny G. Thomas, et al. "Early Neurologic Recovery, Practice Pattern Variation, and the Risk of Endotracheal Intubation Following Established Status Epilepticus." Neurology 96, no. 19 (March 23, 2021): e2372-e2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011879.
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ObjectiveTo quantify the association between early neurologic recovery, practice pattern variation, and endotracheal intubation during established status epilepticus, we performed a secondary analysis within the cohort of patients enrolled in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT).MethodsWe evaluated factors associated with the endpoint of endotracheal intubation occurring within 120 minutes of ESETT study drug initiation. We defined a blocked, stepwise multivariate regression, examining 4 phases during status epilepticus management: (1) baseline characteristics, (2) acute treatment, (3) 20-minute neurologic recovery, and (4) 60-minute recovery, including seizure cessation and improving responsiveness.ResultsOf 478 patients, 117 (24.5%) were intubated within 120 minutes. Among high-enrolling sites, intubation rates ranged from 4% to 32% at pediatric sites and 19% to 39% at adult sites. Baseline characteristics, including seizure precipitant, benzodiazepine dosing, and admission vital signs, provided limited discrimination for predicting intubation (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63). However, treatment at sites with an intubation rate in the highest (vs lowest) quartile strongly predicted endotracheal intubation independently of other treatment variables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.08–21.4, model AUC 0.70). Site-specific variation was the factor most strongly associated with endotracheal intubation after adjustment for 20-minute (aOR 23.4, 95% CI 6.99–78.3, model AUC 0.88) and 60-minute (aOR 14.7, 95% CI 3.20–67.5, model AUC 0.98) neurologic recovery.ConclusionsEndotracheal intubation after established status epilepticus is strongly associated with site-specific practice pattern variation, independently of baseline characteristics, and early neurologic recovery and should not alone serve as a clinical trial endpoint in established status epilepticus.Trial Registration InformationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01960075.
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Jung, Kyounghwa, Jongbeom Seo, Won-Sang Jung, Jisu Kim, Hun-Young Park, and Kiwon Lim. "Effects of an Acute Pilates Program under Hypoxic Conditions on Vascular Endothelial Function in Pilates Participants: A Randomized Crossover Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072584.
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This study aimed to compare the effects of an acute Pilates program under hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions on the metabolic, cardiac, and vascular functions of the participants. Ten healthy female Pilates experts completed a 50-min tubing Pilates program under normoxic conditions (N trial) and under 3000 m (inspired oxygen fraction = 14.5%) hypobaric hypoxia conditions (H trial) after a 30-min exposure in the respective environments on different days. Blood pressure, branchial ankle pulse wave velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the branchial artery were measured before and after the exercise. Metabolic parameters and cardiac function were assessed every minute during the exercise. Both trials showed a significant increase in FMD; however, the increase in FMD was significantly higher after the H trial than that after the N trial. Furthermore, FMD before exercise was significantly higher in the H trial than in the N trial. In terms of metabolic parameters, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide excretion, respiratory exchange ratio, and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly higher but fat oxidation was lower during the H trial than during the N trial. In terms of cardiac function, heart rate was significantly increased during the H trial than during the N trial. Our results suggested that, compared to that under normoxic conditions, Pilates exercise under hypoxic conditions led to greater metabolic and cardiac responses and also elicited an additive effect on vascular endothelial function.
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Mann, Jake P., Kathy Gallagher, Emer Fitzpatrick, and Anil Dhawan. "Fifteen-minute consultation: liver disease in children." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 103, no. 4 (November 9, 2017): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313036.
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Liver disease in children can present in many ways from the frequently encountered prolonged neonatal jaundice to the comparatively rare acute liver failure. In this article, we will discuss ‘red flags’ of liver disease, the initial investigations required and when to refer to a specialist liver centre. Across all presentations, the degree of elevation of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase provides only little diagnostic information. Measurement of clotting is vital, and coagulopathy should be followed by a trial of intravenous vitamin K before being repeated.
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Campa, Francesco, Hannes Gatterer, Henry Lukaski, and Stefania Toselli. "Stabilizing Bioimpedance-Vector-Analysis Measures With a 10-Minute Cold Shower After Running Exercise to Enable Assessment of Body Hydration." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0676.
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Purpose: The exercise-induced increase in skin and body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and electrolyte accumulation on the skin affects the validity of bioimpedance analysis to assess postexercise changes in hydration. This study aimed to assess the influence of a 10-min cold (22°C) shower on the time course of impedance measurements after controlled exercise. Methods: In total, 10 male athletes (age 26.2 [4.1] y and body mass index 23.9 [1.7] kg/m2) were tested on 2 different days. During both trials, athletes ran for 30 min on a treadmill in a room at 23°C. In a randomized crossover trial, the participants underwent a 10-min cold shower on the trial occasion and did not shower in the control trial. Bioimpedance analysis variables were measured before running (ie, baseline [T0]), immediately after exercising (T1), and 20 (T2), 40 (T3), and 60 min (T4) after the exercise. The shower was performed after T1 in the shower trial. Results: Body weight decreased similarly in both trials (−0.4% [0.1%], P < .001; −0.4% [0.1%], P < .001). Resistance and vector length returned to baseline at T2 in the shower trial, whereas baseline values were achieved at T3 in the control trial (P > .05). In the control trial, reactance remained at a lower level for the entire testing period (38.1 [6.9] vs 37.3 [6.7], P < .001). Forehead skin temperature returned to baseline values at T2 with shower, whereas it was still high at T4 without shower (P < .001). Conclusions: The present data show that a 10-min cold shower enables the stabilization of bioimpedance analysis measurements within 20 min after exercise, which might facilitate the assessment of hydration change after exercise.
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Rawal, Sandeep, Anirudh Ghai, and Tarsem Jindal. "Twenty-Five Percent Dextrose and EBM in Pain Relief During Heel Lance in Late Preterm Babies Using the PIPP Score: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Neonatology 32, no. 2-3 (September 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217918795027.
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Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of 25% dextrose and expressed breast milk (EBM) in pain relief during heel lance in late preterm babies using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Study Design: Prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: The neonatal intensive care unit of Jaipur Golden Hospital, Rohini, Delhi. Participants: One-hundred eleven late preterm babies who required heel lancing for glycemic control and who were on oral feeds and were hemodynamically stable. Methodology: The babies were randomized into 2 intervention groups (25% dextrose and EBM) and control group (sterile water). The test solution of 2mL was given to baby 2 minutes before heel lancing. The facial response to pain (brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial furrow) was analyzed from the video. Maximum heart rate (HR) and minimum blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were also recorded at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2.5 minutes after heel lancing by another camera. Outcome Variable: PIPP score, HR, SpO2 at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2.5 minutes after heel lancing. Results: A total of 63 babies were considered for final analysis with 21 each in the 25% dextrose, EBM, and sterile water groups. The mean PIPP score in the 25% dextrose, EBM, and control groups at 30 seconds were 4.52, 6.86, and 10.14, respectively ( P < .001). At 1 minute, the PIPP scores were 3.24, 5.14, and 8.24, respectively, for the 25% dextrose, EBM, and control groups ( P < .001). Twenty-five percent dextrose gave better pain relief than EBM. Mean difference between the PIPP score in the 25% dextrose and EBM groups was –2.34 and –1.9 at 30 seconds and 1 minute, respectively, after the painful procedure ( P = .001). Babies in intervention groups had less increase in HR and less decrease in SpO2. Conclusions: Twenty-five percent dextrose and EBM significantly reduced procedural pain in neonates, though pain relief was better in the 25% dextrose group as compared to the EBM group.
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Bottoms, L., R. Westhead, J. Evans, J. Blyth, T. Sleet, and J. Sinclair. "The effects of carbohydrate ingestion on 30 minute rowing time trial performance." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140018.
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The aim of the study was to determine whether ingestion of 6.4% carbohydrate solution prior to 30 min rowing had any effect on distance rowed. Twelve male participants (aged 22.21±2.47 years) volunteered to take part. Participants ingested either 500 ml of 6.4% flavourless maltodextrin solution (CHO) or water (PLA) prior to exercise. During 30 min of self-paced rowing heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), stroke rate, power output and distance covered were recorded every 6-min throughout. Participants rowed significantly (P<0.05) further during the CHO trial (6,714.2±409.9 m) compared to the PLA trial (6,390.8±448.1 m). Power also increased during the CHO trial compared to the PLA (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in RPE. In conclusion, from the current investigation rowers who wish to improve their time trial performance in longer duration events may benefit from the ingestion of CHO prior to competition.
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Figueroa-Casas, J. B., S. M. Connery, and R. Montoya. "Changes in Breathing Variables During a 30-Minute Spontaneous Breathing Trial." Respiratory Care 60, no. 2 (October 14, 2014): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.03385.
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Liang, Guopeng, Tingting Liu, Yihua Zeng, Yunfeng Shi, Wei Yang, Yunqin Yang, and Yan Kang. "Characteristics of Subjects Who Failed a 120-Minute Spontaneous Breathing Trial." Respiratory Care 63, no. 4 (February 6, 2018): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.05820.
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Robson-Ansley, Paula, Martin Barwood, Clare Eglin, and Les Ansley. "The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Interleukin-6 Response to a 90-Minute Run Time Trial." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.2.186.
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Fatigue is a predictable outcome of prolonged physical activity; yet its biological cause remains uncertain. During exercise, a polypeptide messenger molecule inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) is actively produced. Previously, it has been demonstrated that administration of recombinant IL-6 (rhIL-6) impairs 10-km run performance and heightened sensation of fatigue in trained runners. Both high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have a blunting effect on IL-6 levels post endurance exercise. We hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion may improve performance during a prolonged bout of exercise as a consequence of a blunted IL-6 response. Seven recreationally trained fasted runners completed two 90-min time trials under CHO supplemented and placebo conditions in a randomized order. The study was of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design. Distance covered in 90 min was significantly greater following exogenous carbohydrate ingestion compared with the placebo trial (19.13 ± 1.7 km and 18.29 ± 1.9 km, respectively, p = .0022). While post exercise IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the CHO trial compared with the placebo trial (5.3 ± 1.9 pg·mL−1 and 6.6 ± 3.0 pg·mL−1, respectively; p = .0313), this difference was considered physiologically too small to mediate the improvement in time trial performance.
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Martin-Conty, José Luis, Begoña Polonio-López, Clara Maestre-Miquel, Alicia Mohedano-Moriano, Carlos Durantez-Fernández, Laura Mordillo-Mateos, Jesús Jurado-Palomo, Antonio Viñuela, Juan José Bernal-Jiménez, and Francisco Martin-Rodríguez. "Physiological Response of Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Crossover Trial on Mannequin in Extreme Temperature Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 5835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165835.
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Background: To determine the relationship between physiological fatigue and the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in trained resuscitators in hostile thermal environments (extreme cold and heat) simulating the different conditions found in an out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. Methods: Prospective observational study involving 60 students of the health sciences with training in resuscitation, who simulated CPR on a mannequin for 10 min in different thermal environments: thermo-neutral environment (21 °C and 60% humidity), heat environment (41 °C and 98% humidity) and cold environment (−35 °C and 80% humidity). Physiological parameters (heart rate and lactic acid) and CPR quality were monitored. Results: We detected a significant increase in the number of compressions per minute in the “heat environment” group after three minutes and in the mean rate after one minute. We observed a negative correlation between the total number of compressions and mean rate with respect to mean depth. The fraction of compressions (proportion of time in which chest compressions are carried out) was significant over time and the mean rate was higher in the “heat environment”. Physiological parameters revealed no differences in heart rate depending on the resuscitation scenario; however, there was a greater and faster increase in lactate in the “heat environment” (significant at minute 3). The total proportion of participants reaching metabolic fatigue was also higher in the “heat environment”. Conclusions: A warm climate modifies metabolic parameters, reducing the quality of the CPR maneuver.
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Boota, Brig (Retd) Muhammad, Sohail Nasir, and Imran Hyder. "GABAPENTIN." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4528.
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Introduction: There have been several methods used to prevent or attenuate the adverse hemodynamic changes following endotracheal intubation, but not many studies have been done for the same purpose in patients undergoing nasotracheal intubation. Deepening of anaesthesia, omitting cholinergic premedication, pre-treatment with vasodilators such as nitroglycerine, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and opioids are few of the different techniques used when trachea is intubated orally or nasally, to blunt significant swings in hemodynamic parameters. We assessed the effectiveness of oral gabapentin to determine changes in hemodynamic response in normotensive patients following nasotracheal intubationwith or without laryngoscopy for elective maxillofacial surgeries. Study Design: Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: 18 months after approval from the ethical committee. Material & Methods: Total 130 patients were included in the study. These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In Group-A patients were given 800 mg gabapentin and in Group-B patients were given placebo. Heart rate and mean arterial pressures were recorded just before intubation as base line values, and then average readings were taken at 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after intubation. Bradycardia and hypotension were adequately treated with intravenous atropine and vasopressors. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS 17. Results: Total 130 patients who underwent elective surgeries were included in the study and divided into 2 groups each group containing 65 patients each. At 1st minute MAP in Group-A (oral gabapentin) and in Group-B (Placebo) was 86.89±4.36 and 98.70±4.39. At 3rd minute MAP in Group-A, in Group-B was 83.40±4.05 and 92.93±4.79. At 5th minute MAP was 82.50±5.00 and 88.03±4.22 and lastly at 10th minute MAP was 79.81±5.37 in Group-A and 83.18±4.77 in Group-B respectively. P-value at 1st, 3rd, 5th and at 10th minutes showed that statistically MAP was different in both treatment groups at the above mentioned time intervals. 1st minute: p-value=0.042, 3rd minute: p-value=0.000, 5th minute: p-value=0.000 and at 10th minute: p-value=0.000. At 1st minute heart rate in Group-A and Group-B was 87.89±1.39 and 93.47±6.88 respectively. At 3rd minute heart rate in Group-A and Group-B was 83.47±5.47 and 89.70±6.76. At 5th minute heart rate was 82.10±5.01 and 84.60±5.91 and lastly at 10th minute heart rate was 78.09±6.79 in Group-A and 77.27±5.34 in Group-B respectively. P -value at 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes showed that statistically heart rate was different in both treatment groups at the above mentioned time intervals. But at 10th minute heart rate was statistically same in both treatment groups. 1st minute: p-value=0.144, 3rd minute: p-value=0.000, 5th minute: p-value=0.011 and at 10th minute: p-value=0.448. Conclusion: According to the results of this study it was observed that oral gabapentin is effective in modifying hemodynamic response to nasotracheal intubation in normotensive patients undergoing elective maxillofacial surgeries. MAP (10th Minute: Group-A vs. Group-B: 0.000) & Heart Rate (10th Minute: Group-A vs. Group-B:0.448)
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Kimura, Kenichi, Kenichi Masuda, and Ikuro Wakayama. "Changes in Skin Blood Flow and Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Manual Acupuncture Stimulation in Humans." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 34, no. 02 (January 2006): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x06003758.
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To determine the effects of manual acupuncture stimulation (MAS) on skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), SSNA and skin blood flow (SBF) were measured during a resting period and during MAS. Twelve healthy male subjects were divided into an acupuncture group ( n = 7) and a control group ( n = 5). SSNA was recorded from the left median nerve at the elbow using microneurography, while SBF was recorded using laser Doppler flowmeter. In the acupuncture group, MAS was delivered to LI 4 point in the right thenar muscle. The acupuncture needle was retained for 2 minutes before being removed. SSNA and SBF recordings were performed for a total of 12 minutes, from 5 minutes prior to MAS until the end of the trial. In the control group, the 2-minute period of acupuncture was replaced by 2 minutes of rest. During the first minute of MAS, we observed an increase in SSNA accompanied by a reduction in SBF. In the acupuncture group, these parameters returned to baseline values in the second minute of MAS. Parameters in the control group were unchanged throughout the experimental procedure. A significant negative correlation was observed between changes in SSNA and SBF during the first minute of MAS. In addition, a negative correlation was demonstrated between the basal value of SSNA and the change in SSNA in response to MAS. These results suggest that MAS elicited a transient increase in SSNA and that this increase is dependent on the baseline of SSNA.
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Sheel, A. William, P. Alexander Derchak, David F. Pegelow, and Jerome A. Dempsey. "Threshold effects of respiratory muscle work on limb vascular resistance." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): H1732—H1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00798.2001.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the human diaphragm, like limb muscle, has a threshold of force output at which a metaboreflex is activated causing systemic vasoconstriction. We used Doppler ultrasound techniques to quantify leg blood flow (QL) and utilized the changes in mouth twitch pressure (ΔPMT) in response to bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation to quantify the onset of diaphragm fatigue. Six healthy male subjects performed four randomly assigned trials of identical duration (8 ± 2 min) and breathing pattern [20 breaths/min and time spent on inspiration during the duty cycle (time spent on inspiration/total time of one breathing cycle) was 0.4] during which they inspired primarily with the diaphragm. For trials 1- 3, inspiratory resistance and effort was gradually increased [30, 40, and 50% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)], diaphragm fatigue did not occur, and QL, limb vascular resistance (LVR), and mean arterial pressure remained unchanged from control ( P > 0.05). The fourth trial utilized the same breathing pattern with 60% MIP and caused diaphragm fatigue, as shown by a 30 ± 12% reduction in PMT with bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. During the fatigue trial, QL and LVR were unchanged from baseline at minute 1, but LVR rose 36% and QL fell 25% at minute 2 and by 52% and 30%, respectively, during the final minutes of the trial. Both LVR and QL returned to control within 30 s of recovery. In summary, voluntary increases in inspiratory muscle effort, in the absence of fatigue, had no effect on LVR and QL, whereas fatiguing the diaphragm elicited time-dependent increases in LVR and decreases in QL. We attribute the limb vasoconstriction to a metaboreflex originating in the diaphragm, which reaches its threshold for activation during fatiguing contractions.
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Vildósola, P., F. Vera, J. Ramírez, J. Rencoret, H. Pretel, OB Oliveira, M. Tonetto, J. Martín, and E. Fernández. "Comparison of Effectiveness and Sensitivity Using Two In-Office Bleaching Protocols for a 6% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel in a Randomized Clinical Trial." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-043-c.
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SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this blinded and randomized clinical trial was to compare two application protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications). We then assessed the effectiveness of the bleaching and any increase in sensitivity that was induced by bleaching via a split-mouth design. Methods and Materials: Thirty patients were treated. One group had a half arch of teeth treated with a traditional application protocol (group A: 3 × 12 minutes for two sessions). The other received an abbreviated protocol (group B: 1 × 36 minutes over two sessions). Two sessions were appointed with a two-day interval between them. The tooth color was registered at each session, as well as one week and one month after completing the treatment via a spectrophotometer. This measured L*, a*, and b*. This was also evaluated subjectively using the VITA classical A1-D4 guide and VITA Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. Tooth sensitivity was registered according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. Tooth color variation and sensitivity were compared between groups. Results: Both treatments changed tooth color vs baseline. The ΔE* = 5.71 ± 2.62 in group A, and ΔE* = 4.93 ± 2.09 in group B one month after completing the bleaching (p=0.20). No statistical differences were seen via subjective evaluations. There were no differences in tooth sensitivity between the groups. The absolute risk of sensitivity reported for both groups was 6.25% (p=0.298). The intensity by VAS was mild (p=1.00). Conclusions: We used hydrogen peroxide (6%) that was light activated with a hybrid LED/laser and two different protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications each for two sessions). These approaches were equally effective. There were no differences in absolute risk of sensitivity; both groups reported mild sensitivity.
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Spendiff, Owen, and Ian G. Campbell. "Influence of Timing of GlucoseDrink Ingestion on Selected Responsesof Wheelchair Athletes." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.1.50.
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Seven athletes with low lesion paraplegia ingested a 7.6% 648ml glucose drink using two schedules of ingestion (4 × 162 ml per 20 min & 2 × 324 ml per 60 min) in a crossover design. Participants exercised at 65% peak oxygen uptake for one hour, followed by a 20-minute performance test. The cardiorespiratory responses during the one-hour tests were similar between trials. Plasma glucose concentrations significantly increased after ingestion and remained stable during the 162 trial, but reduced over time during the 324 trial. Free fatty acid concentrations increased for both trials but increased significantly more during the 324 trial. The results of this study suggest that the ingestion of glucose during exercise is the best strategy for wheelchair athletes competing in endurance events.
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Kumar, Sheila, Nirav C. Thosani, Rajan Kochar, Shai Friedland, Uri Ladabaum, Ann M. Chen, and Subhas Banerjee. "229 A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Adenoma Miss Rates At Colonoscopy Associated With 3-Minute vs. 6-Minute Withdrawal Time." Gastroenterology 146, no. 5 (May 2014): S—57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(14)60199-2.
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Kumar, Sheila, Nirav C. Thosani, Rajan Kochar, Shai Friedland, Uri Ladabaum, Ann M. Chen, and Subhas Banerjee. "229 a Prospective, Randomized Trial of Adenoma Miss Rates At Colonoscopy Associated With 3-Minute vs. 6-Minute Withdrawal Time." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 79, no. 5 (May 2014): AB125—AB126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.02.069.
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Ballmann, Christopher G., Mason L. Favre, Matthew T. Phillips, Rebecca R. Rogers, Joseph A. Pederson, and Tyler D. Williams. "Effect of Pre-Exercise Music on Bench Press Power, Velocity, and Repetition Volume." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 1183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211002406.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to pre-exercise music on bench press performance. We recruited 10 resistance trained males (M age= 22.8, SD = 5.8 years; M height= 173.7, SD = 8.3 cm; M body mass = 81.0, SD = 18.2 kg) for this crossover counterbalanced research design. Participants completed two bench press exercise trials of (a) No music (NM), and (b) Pre-exercise music (PreExM) separated by at least 48 hours. For each trial, following a warm-up, participants listened to music or no music for three minutes. After this 3-minute period, they completed one set of bench press repetitions with maximum explosive intent at 75% one repetition maximum (1 RPM). We used a rotary encoder to measure power and velocity of barbell movement. After a 3-minute rest during which they again listened to music or no music, participants completed another set of repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1RM. Immediately following this second set of repetitions, we measured exercise motivation with a visual analog scale (VAS). We found that the PreExM condition increased mean power output (p = 0.005; d = 0.792) and barbell velocity (p = 0.015; d = 0.722). RTF were significantly higher during the PreExM versus NM trial (p = 0.002; d = 0.985), and motivation was significantly higher in the PreExM trial versus NM (p = 0.001; d = 0.932). These findings suggest improved muscle power explosiveness and strength-endurance when listening to music before a bench press exercise. From a practical standpoint, athletes who have the option of listening to music immediately prior to resistance exercise may benefit from its use.
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Salgado, Patrícia de Oliveira, Ludmila Christiane Rosa da Silva, Priscila Marinho Aleixo Silva, and Tânia Couto Machado Chianca. "Physical methods for the treatment of fever in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, no. 5 (October 2016): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000600016.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of physical methods of reducing body temperature (ice pack and warm compression) in critically ill patients with fever. METHOD A randomized clinical trial involving 102 adult patients with tympanic temperature ≥ 38.3°C of an infectious focus, and randomized into three groups: Intervention I - ice pack associated with antipyretic; Intervention II - warm compress associated with antipyretic; and Control - antipyretic. Tympanic temperature was measured at 15 minute intervals for 3 hours. The effect of the interventions was evaluated through the Mann-Whitney test and Survival Analysis. "Effect size" calculation was carried out. RESULTS Patients in the intervention groups I and II presented greater reduction in body temperature. The group of patients receiving intervention I presented tympanic temperature below 38.3°C at 45 minutes of monitoring, while the value for control group was lower than 38.3°C starting at 60 minutes, and those who received intervention II had values lower than 38.3°C at 75 minutes of monitoring. CONCLUSION No statistically significant difference was found between the interventions, but with the intervention group I patients showed greater reduction in tympanic temperature compared to the other groups. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-2k3kbq
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AGETA, Makoto, MASAHIKO Yamamoto, and YOSIKAZU Ohtsubo. "908 The trial production of minute angle revolving mechanism using a PZT." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2001.54 (2001): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2001.54.267.
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Anjum, Shazia, Sarbjit Singh Chhiber, Majid Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, and Talib Khan. "A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on attenuation of pressor response during laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193615.
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Background: Laryngoscopy is associated with a sympathetic response that results in a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. The mechanisms underlying these hemodynamic changes are incompletely understood. They may be caused by a reflex sympathetic discharge due to stimulation of the upper respiratory tract. It has been observed that hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations and are attenuated by β-adrenergic blockade. These hemodynamic changes may be undesirable particularly in neurosurgical patients. Aim of the study is the present study was prospective, randomized, double-blind conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dexmdetomidine and fentanyl in attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of 18–65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Class I/II of undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group D received dexmedetomidine and Group F received Fentanyl. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded preoperatively (baseline), at 5 and 8 minutes after infusion of study drug, before induction, 1 minute after induction, 2 minute after intubation, 5 minute after intubation, 10 minute after intubation and 15 minute after intubation.Results: There was a better control of Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in Group D when compared to Group F during laryngoscopy and after intubation.Conclusions: The present study shows that dexmedetomidine suppresses hemodynamic responses effectively than fentanyl.