Journal articles: 'Minutiae. eng'

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Bishara, Azmi. "The minutiae of racism*." Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802391001.

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This article tackles the historical basis and development of the issue of anti-Semitism and examines its perception and impact in the Arab world. The author argues persuasively that anti-Semitism is specific to European racism against Jews. He does not attempt to deflect the term by arguing, as some have done, that Arabs are a Semitic people, but rather unequivocally condemns anti-Semitism and racism of any sort. The author debunks major myths or misconceptions about anti-Semitism and deals frankly with questions of its political utility with regard to Zionism, Israel and Palestine. In the present day, Holocaust denial is unconscionable and, in the end, is not only morally unacceptable, but in the words of the author ‘just plain stupid’. The author castigates Arab and Muslim groups which may take such a stance, arguing that the correct response and Arab reaction to the Holocaust was the simple, straightforward and rational one – a European tragedy, but not one for which the Arabs should assume responsibility.

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Li, Zeqin, Jie Zheng, and Yukun Zhang. "Study on the Layout of 15-Minute Community-Life Circle in Third-Tier Cities Based on POI: Baoding City of Hebei Province." Engineering 11, no. 09 (2019): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2019.119041.

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Dinlenc, Caner Z. "THE 5-MINUTE UROLOGY CONSULT, 1st Edition." Journal of Endourology 14, no. 9 (November 2000): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2000.14.767.

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Baldaro, Bruno, Marco W. Battacchi, Maurizio Codispoti, Giovanni Tuozzi, Giancarlo Trombini, Roberto Bolzani, and Daniela Palomba. "Modifications of Electrogastrographic Activity during the Viewing of Brief Film Sequences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1996): 1243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1243.

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The experiment assessed the effects of two film sequences, a pleasant documentary and a distressful scene, on electrogastrographic (EGG), electromyographic (EMG), and heart-rate responses during digestion by 30 healthy students. The physiological measures were recorded before and during the projection of each film sequence. At the end of each viewing period, subjects completed a self-rating questionnaire on the emotional experience. Analysis yielded a significant increase in heart-rate and EMG values during the viewing of the film sequences and a significant decrease in amplitude of the 3 cycles per minute (cpm) wave of EGG during the unpleasant film. The type of film sequence had also a statistically significant effect on the self-ratings of emotional states.

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WILKOFF, WILLIAM G. "The 3-Minute Goose Egg." Pediatric News 44, no. 12 (December 2010): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70562-2.

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Mahuwala, Zabeen, Saumel Ahmadi, Zoltan Bozoky, Ryan Hays, Mark Agostini, and Kan Ding. "Diagnostic Yield of 2-Hour EEG Is Similar With 30-Minute EEG in Patients With a Normal 30-Minute EEG." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 36, no. 3 (May 2019): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000567.

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Grden, Darko, Nada Kučer, Blanka Beer Ljubić, Dora Ivšić Škoda, Karol Šimonji, Nika Brkljača Bottegaro, Martina Crnogaj, Iva Šmit, and Jelena Gotić. "EKG u hrvatskog posavca i lipicanca - frekvencija i ritam." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.1.4.

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Cilj istraživanja je bio ustvrditi standardne vrijednosti za frekvenciju srčnog rada i učestalost srčanog aritmija u hrvatskog posavca i lipicanca. U istraživanje su bila uključena 82 zdrava konja, različitog spola i dobi, 32 lipicanca i 50 posavaca. Svim je konjima u baznovršnom odvodu snimljen EKG u trajanju od 5 minuta. Iz snimljenog elektrokardiograma je određena srčana frekvencija, ritam i tip eventualne aritmije. Ustvrđena srednja vrijednost frekvencije (±SD) za sve konje uključene u istraživanje je 52,9 (±12,7) otkucaja u minuti, što je znatno više od bilo koje od objavljenih vrijednosti za konje do sada. Ustvrđena je učestalost aritmija od 2,4 %. Visoka frekvencija i niska učestalost srčanih artimija mogu biti pasminska karakteristika, ali mišljenja smo da su ove vrijednosti posljedica neprikladnosti primjene ambulantne elektrokardiografije u konja. Smatramo da je za istraživanje elektrokardiografskih karakteristika konja uvijek potrebno životinjama snimiti 24 satni Holter EKG u uobičajenim uvjetima držanja.

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Ahmed M. Badeeb, Ahmed M. Badeeb. "An Application of Lean Manufacturing Techniques in Paint Manufacturing Company: A Case Study." journal of King Abdulaziz University Engineering Sciences 28, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.28-2.5.

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As a result of the recession in Saudi Arabia, the manufacturing companies start thinking to reduce the operational cost and increasing the productivity through lean manufacturing principles. This paper is focused on increasing the productivity of a paint manufacturing company through implementing some of the lean manufacturing techniques. First, Value stream mapping analysis carried on throughout the manufacturing process and the areas of improvements in the company has been identified using fishbone diagram. Second, Work Place Organization (5S), Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED), Work Standardization and Kanban are the lean manufacturing techniques selected to solve different problems facing the company in these areas of improvements. A systematic approach of each technique implemented to measure its effect on the company productivity. It is observed that, applying (5S) and (SMED) techniques in the filling process decreased the changeover time by 59% and increased the daily productivity. Pareto chart recommended using work standardization in the charging process led to reduce the defects batches by 57%. Kanban system eliminated the shortages of semi-finish product and increased the output of the pre-weighing batches by 57%. In addition, overtime hours reduced by 77% and waste handling reduced by 85% and 53% for the non-hazardous and hazardous waste respectively

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Tazawa, H., Y. Suzuki, and H. Musashi. "Simultaneous acquisition of ECG, BCG, and blood pressure from chick embryos in the egg." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.478.

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The applicability of the audiocartridge system to simultaneous measurements of the ballistic movements from multiple points of the egg was examined in late chick embryos. Despite direct contact between the cartridges and the egg, minute movements of the egg attributable to cardiac contractions of the embryo (ballistocardiogram, BCG) could be simultaneously detected from at least three points. The results showed that the amplitude of BCG waves was dependent on the site of detection, indicating that the BCG was a directional wave. The cartridge system for BCG measurement was incorporated in the electrocardiography and arterial catheterization to acquire simultaneously electrocardiogram (ECG), BCG, and blood pressure from the embryo confined in the egg. Isochronal comparison of these waves indicated that the ballistic movements of the embryo might be caused not only by the ventricular contraction but also by the atrial excitation, i.e., the BCG comprised waves appearing in the ventricular presystolic, contraction, and ejection periods. For wide changes in the heart rate, the approximate isometric ventricular contraction period remained almost constant.

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Suryana, Yaya, and Rafi Aziz. "Sistem Pemonitor Detak Jantung Portable Menggunakan Tiga Sensor Elektroda." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v4i1.240.

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Abstrak - Elektrokardiogram (EKG) adalah sinyal fisiologis yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas listrik jantung. Sinyal ini direkam menggunakan elektrokardiograf. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sistem pemantauan denyut jantung dengan menggunakan tiga sensor elektroda timah. Memroses aplikasi perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi yang dihasilkan dari modul. Perangkat keras front-end adalah modul Heart Rate Monitor AD8232, mikrokontroler ATmega328 Arduino mini pro, dan elektroda. Peralatannya memiliki dimensi kecil sehingga bisa dibawa kemana saja menjadi perangkat yang dpt dipakai. Sistem ini diuji menggunakan FLUKE 410PS ECG Simulator yang bisa menghasilkan sinyal yang menyerupai detak jantung. Pengolah IDE digunakan untuk menyediakan antarmuka pengguna Beats Per Minute (BPM). Kata Kunci - Electrocardiogram (ECG), 3 Lead Elektrocardiograph, Arduino, FLUKE 410PS. Abstract - Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal that is produced from heart electricity activities. This signal is recorded using electrocardiograph. In this research a heart rate monitoring system using three lead electrodes sensor has been implemented. Processing software applications was used to display information generated from the module. The front-end hardware are Heart Rate Monitor module AD8232, ATmega328 microcontroller Arduino mini pro, and electrodes. The equipment has a small dimension so it can be brought anywhere to be a wearable devices. This system was tested using FLUKE 410PS ECG Simulator that can produce a signal resembling a heartbeat. Processing IDE was used to provide the Beats Per Minute (BPM) user interface. Keywords - Electrocardiogram (ECG), 3 Lead Elektrocardiograph, Arduino, FLUKE 410PS.

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Khan, Omar I., Christina J. Azevedo, Alendia L. Hartshorn, Justin T. Montanye, Juan C. Gonzalez, Mark A. Natola, Stephen D. Surgenor, et al. "A comparison of continuous video-EEG monitoring and 30-minute EEG in an ICU." Epileptic Disorders 16, no. 4 (December 2014): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/epd.2014.0715.

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Sakihara, Tetsuhiro, and Yutaka Kawamitsu. "Twenty-minute boiled egg white oral food challenge for infants." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 33, no. 1 (2019): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.33.106.

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Linzer, Mark, Asaf Bitton, Shin-Ping Tu, Margaret Plews-Ogan, Karen R. Horowitz, and Mark D. Schwartz. "The End of the 15–20 Minute Primary Care Visit." Journal of General Internal Medicine 30, no. 11 (April 22, 2015): 1584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3341-3.

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Wada, Eiko, Susumu Masuda, Yasuto Kondo, Hitoshi Ando, Reiko Tokuda, Yutaka Morita, Kazue Yamada, and Atsuo Urisu. "Diagnostic significance of 20-minute patch test with egg white antigens in egg white hypersensitivity." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 13, no. 2 (1999): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.13.2_7.

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Parchment, Avonie, Ryan Wohleber, and Lauren Reinerman-Jones. "The Importance of a Strong Methodology When Choosing Baselines for Physiological Assessment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601008.

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This study examines current resting baseline practices in physiological measurement. Specifically, we investigated between- and within-baseline stability of two-minute resting periods for electrocardiography (ECG), cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV), function near-infrared imaging (fNIR), and electroencephalography (EEG). A 4 x 4 within subjects ANOVA revealed instability between and within baselines for several psychophysiological measures. Planned comparisons between the final 30 seconds of each resting period, however, revealed that most measures return to a stabilized level after a period of attenuation. Outcomes suggest that researchers disregard the first minute and thirty seconds of resting baselines to allow for this attenuation when using a full suite of physiological measures.

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Rakib, Nibras Ar, SM Zamshed Farhan, Md Mashrur Bari Sobhan, Jia Uddin, and Arafat Habib. "A Novel 2D Feature Extraction Method for Fingerprints Using Minutiae Points and Their Intersections." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2547-2554.

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The field of biometrics has evolved tremendously for over the last century. Yet scientists are still continuing to come up with precise and efficient algorithms to facilitate automatic fingerprint recognition systems. Like other applications, an efficient feature extraction method plays an important role in fingerprint based recognition systems. This paper proposes a novel feature extraction method using minutiae points of a fingerprint image and their intersections. In this method, initially, it calculates the ridge ends and ridge bifurcations of each fingerprint image. And then, it estimates the minutiae points for the intersection of each ridge end and ridge bifurcation. In the experimental evaluation, we tested the extracted features of our proposed model using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately classify different fingerprint images.

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Evers, Stefan. "Advances in Medical Management of Cluster Headache." European Neurological Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.95.

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Cluster headache is a rare but extremely disabling condition. For the acute treatment of cluster headache attacks, oxygen (100%) with a flow of at least 7l/minute, 6mg subcutaneous sumatriptan and 5mg zolmitriptan nasal spray are the drugs of first choice. Prophylaxis of cluster headache should be performed with verapamil in a daily dose of at least 240mg (maximum dose depends on efficacy and tolerability). Although no placebo-controlled trials are available, steroids are clearly effective in cluster headache. Methylprednisone (or equivalent corticosteroid) at least 100mg orally or up to 500mg intravenously per day over five days (then tapering down) is recommended. Methysergide, lithium and topiramate are recommended as drugs of second choice. Although in part promising, surgical procedures require further scientific evaluation before they can be recommended.

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Silva, Délrio F., Márcia Marques Lima, Renato Anghinah, Edma R. Zanoteli, and José Geraldo C. Lima. "Dipole reversal: an ictal feature in a patient with benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spike." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 2 (June 1995): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000200015.

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We describe the case of a 15-year-old boy who had the diagnosis of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spike. During the EEG a subclinical electrographic seizure was recorded. The discharges were clearly electropositive in T4 with positive phase reversal between derivations F8-T4 and T4-T6. The whole episode lasted less than one minute (45 sec). The interictal right medio-temporal spikes reemerged after 60 sec and were electronegative in the same location after the end of the electrographic seizures. The mechanisms underlying this uncommon pattern on EEG is not well stablished.

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Ma, Y., U. S. Agarwal, J. A. J. M. Vekemans, and D. J. Sikkema. "NMR based determination of minute acid functionality: end-groups in PET." Polymer 44, no. 16 (July 2003): 4429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00402-6.

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Enfield, Kyle, Sally Gammon, Jennifer Floyd, Cassandra Falt, James Patrie, Thomas A. Platts-Mills, Jonathon D. Truwit, and Y. Michael Shim. "Six-Minute Walk Distance in Patients With Severe End-Stage COPD." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 30, no. 3 (May 2010): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hcr.0b013e3181c565e4.

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Bissett, Ann, Kenneth R. Mitchell, and Gabor Major. "The Cervico-Brachial Pain Syndrome: Muscle Activity and Pain Relief." Behaviour Change 2, no. 2 (June 1985): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900008949.

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The investigators explored whether electromyographic (EMG) mediated biofeedback would help patients with cervico-brachial pain syndrome (CBPS) reduce muscle contraction and aid in pain relief. Twenty seven volunteer subjects with medically diagnosed CBPS were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received EMG biofeedback mediated muscle relaxation of the neck for five, 40 minute sessions. The participants in the other group acted as "wait list" controls, and in turn, received treatment at the end of the study. Pre and post intervention measures consisted of EMG recordings of neck muscle activity; self-report measures of neck and general body relaxation, level of pain intensity, depression, anxiety and functional impairment. The results indicated that neck muscle activity, as measured by EMG, was significantly lower at the end of training. Associated with this reduction were a significant increase in self-reported neck and body relaxation and a significant reduction in the average intensity level of pain experienced by subjects over the pre to post intervention period. No changes were reported for the other measures.

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Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "Old Arabic Minutiae I: ḥattā, laysa, and More from the Inscriptions of the Syro-Jordanian Ḥarrah." Arabica 68, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341588.

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Abstract This is the inaugural paper of a series on material attested in ancient North Arabia inscriptions that is of particular importance to the history of Arabic, its linguistic context, and its development and classification. The article edits eleven Safaitic inscriptions, inscribed on seven stones, discovered during the 2019 Badia Survey in Northeastern Jordan. Most of these texts attest new grammatical and lexical features that shed important light on this shadowy phase of Arabic’s pre-Islamic history, including attestations of the subordinating particle ḥt (= ḥattV), the negator ls (= laysa), possible nūnation, and idioms that appear later in the Qurʾān, e.g. tmny h-mt ‘he wished for death (in combat)’ (cf. Qurʾān tamannūna l-mawta).

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Easton, P. A., T. Abe, R. N. Young, J. Smith, A. Guerraty, and A. E. Grassino. "Costal and crural diaphragm function during panting in awake canines." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1983.

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During natural panting for thermal regulation, the pattern of activation of the major respiratory muscles, including costal and crural diaphragm segments, is not known. We measured diaphragm segmental length, shortening, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in five chronically implanted canines awake and breathing spontaneously at rest and during a mild dry heat stress. During panting, minute ventilation increased fourfold from 5.07 l/min and respiratory rate increased from 16.9 to 192.8 breaths/min or 3.2 Hz. During panting, end-expiratory length of both costal and crural segments decreased, concurrent with significant increases in end-expiratory EMG. With the onset of panting, tidal costal shortening decreased significantly from 6.29% of end-expiratory length to 3.54%, whereas crural shortening decreased from 6.04 to 2.46%. Meanwhile, segmental EMG tended to increase during panting. During panting, intrabreath costal and crural segmental function revealed differential activation; the costal segment shortened in concert with inspiratory flow, whereas peak crural shortening occurred in expiration, almost 180 degrees out of phase with costal. The divergence in segmental shortening during panting was accompanied by a lesser shift in timing of segmental EMG. In the awake spontaneously panting canine, asynchronous costal and crural shortening may enhance gas mixing in a manner analogous to high-frequency ventilation.

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Meledin, Irina, Muhammad Abu Tailakh, Shlomo Gilat, Hagai Yogev, Agneta Golan, Victor Novack, and Eilon Shany. "Comparison of Amplitude-Integrated EEG and Conventional EEG in a Cohort of Premature Infants." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 48, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059416648044.

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Objective: To compare amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) and conventional EEG (EEG) activity in premature neonates. Methods: Biweekly aEEG and EEG were simultaneously recorded in a cohort of infants born less than 34 weeks gestation. aEEG recordings were visually assessed for lower and upper border amplitude and bandwidth. EEG recordings were compressed for visual evaluation of continuity and assessed using a signal processing software for interburst intervals (IBI) and frequencies’ amplitude. Ten-minute segments of aEEG and EEG indices were compared using regression analysis. Results: A total of 189 recordings from 67 infants were made, from which 1697 aEEG/EEG pairs of 10-minute segments were assessed. Good concordance was found for visual assessment of continuity between the 2 methods. EEG IBI, alpha and theta frequencies’ amplitudes were negatively correlated to the aEEG lower border while conceptional age (CA) was positively correlated to aEEG lower border ( P < .001). IBI and all frequencies’ amplitude were positively correlated to the upper aEEG border ( P ≤ .001). CA was negatively correlated to aEEG span while IBI, alpha, beta, and theta frequencies’ amplitude were positively correlated to the aEEG span. Conclusions: Important information is retained and integrated in the transformation of premature neonatal EEG to aEEG. Significance: aEEG recordings in high-risk premature neonates reflect reliably EEG background information related to continuity and amplitude.

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Howe, Lye, Josephine Chun, and Viqar Zaman. "Ultrastructure of microfilarial sheath and its comparison with egg shell." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160029.

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In this study the ultrastructure of the uterus of Brugia malayi and its contents were studied especially to reveal the relationship between the sheath of the microfilaria and the egg shell, as it is claimed that the egg shell ultimately forms the microfilairal sheath (Rogers et al, 1976).The cross section of the worm revealed a distinct cuticle, musculature, a single patent fut and paired uteri. The uterine contents were filled with eggs at various stages of development. Inside each egg were embryonic cells which corresponded to the so-called “nuclei” of microfilaria which are seen in the light microscope. The egg shell was discernable as a membrane with minute electron-dense projections on its surface. At higher magnification the egg shell was seen to consist of two structures - a homogenous basement membrane and electron dense projections which rested on it. These projections were found all around the egg shell and consisted of a broad base and a pointed anterior end.

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Rimbi, Mary, Immaculate Nakitende, Teopista Namujwiga, and John Kellett. "How well are heart rates measured by pulse oximeters and electronic sphygmomanometers? Practice-based evidence from an observational study of acutely ill medical patients during hospital admission." Acute Medicine Journal 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0767.

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Background: heart rates generated by pulse oximeters and electronic sphygmomanometers in acutely ill patients may not be the same as those recorded by ECG Methods: heart rates recorded by an oximeter and an electronic sphygmomanometer were compared with electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rates measured on acutely ill medical patients. Results: 1010 ECGs were performed on 217 patients while they were in the hospital. The bias between the oximeter and the ECG measured heart rate was -1.37 beats per minute (limits of agreement -22.6 to 19.9 beats per minute), and the bias between the sphygmomanometer and the ECG measured heart rate was -0.14 beats per minute (limits of agreement -22.2 to 21.9 beats per minute). Both devices failed to identify more than half the ECG recordings that awarded 3 NEWS points for heart rate. Conclusion: Heart rates of acutely ill patients are not reliably measured by pulse oximeter or electronic sphygmomanometers.

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SRIHARI, SARGUR N., and HARISH SRINIVASAN. "COMPARISON OF ROC AND LIKELIHOOD DECISION METHODS IN AUTOMATIC FINGERPRINT VERIFICATION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 22, no. 03 (May 2008): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001408006326.

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The biometric verification task is to determine whether or not an input and a template belong to the same individual. In the context of automatic fingerprint verification the task consists of three steps: feature extraction, where features (typically minutiae) are extracted from each fingerprint, scoring, where the degree of match between the two sets of features is determined, and decision, where the score is used to accept or reject the hypothesis that the input and template belong to the same individual. The paper focuses on the final decision step, which is a binary classification problem involving a single score variable. The commonly used decision method is to learn a score threshold from a labeled set of inputs and templates, by first determining the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the task. The ROC method works well when there is a well-registered fingerprint image. The paper shows that when there is uncertainty due to fingerprint quality, e.g. the input is a latent print or a partial print, the decision method can be improved by using the likelihood ratio of match/non match. The likelihood ratio is obtained by modeling the distributions of same finger and different finger scores using parametric distributions. The parametric forms considered are Gaussian and Gamma distributions whose parameters are learnt from labeled training samples. The performances of the likelihood and ROC methods are compared for varying numbers of minutiae points available for verification. Using either Gaussian or Gamma parametric distributions, the likelihood method has a lower error rate than the ROC method when few minutiae points are available. Likelihood and ROC methods converge to the same accuracy as more minutiae points are available.

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Baker, A. B., and A. J. Roxburgh. "Computerised EEG Monitoring for Carotid Endarterectomy." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 14, no. 1 (February 1986): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8601400108.

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A prospective study was undertaken in twenty patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy using computerised EEG monitoring in the form of a density-modulated spectral array, spectral edge frequency and integrated EEG power for monitoring cerebral ischaemia. This form of monitoring proved to be easy to use and understand. Because ischaemic EEG events longer than one minute were not necessarily followed by postoperative deficits, the definition of significant events that would cause ischaemia may need to be modified.

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Wessel, Hans U., Janette F. Strasburger, and Brett M. Mitchell. "New Standards for the Bruce Treadmill Protocol in Children and Adolescents." Pediatric Exercise Science 13, no. 4 (November 2001): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.13.4.392.

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We have developed normal standards for the Bruce exercise (EX) protocol since a review of 875 studies in patients with congenital or acquired heart disease showed that only 5.1% achieved the predicted 50th percentile for EX time of the standards reported by Cumming, Everatt, and Hastman (Am. J Cardiol 41:69, 1978). Our data are based on 160 males and 103 females, age 4–18 years who met the following criteria: trivial or no heart disease, maximal effort, maximal EX heart rate (HR) > 180 beats/min, and normal resting and EX ECG without arrhythmia. The ECG was monitored continuously and HR computed from the ECG and the end of each minute of EX. Comparison with the predicted data of Cumming et al. for each age group by stage showed essentially identical submaximal EX heart rates but slightly lower maximal HR (–2%), which averaged 197 beats per minute in males and females. EX times were on average 15% lower than the predicted 50th percentile for most age groups in males and females. We developed regression equations, which predict exercise time from age and body size or age, body size and 2nd stage exercise heart rate. They better reflect the capabilities of untrained, asymptomatic children and adolescents seen in our laboratory in the 1990s than the Canadian data of 1978.

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Dutschmann, Mathias, and Horst Herbert. "Pontine cholinergic mechanisms enhance trigeminally evoked respiratory suppression in the anesthetized rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1059.

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In the present study, we investigated in anesthetized rats the influences of the pontine rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep center on trigeminally induced respiratory responses. We evoked the nasotrigeminal reflex by electrical stimulation of the ethmoidal nerve (EN5) and analyzed the EN5-evoked respiratory suppression before and after injections into the pontine reticular nuclei of the cholinergic agonist carbachol. After injections of 80–100 nl of carbachol (20 mM), we observed a decrease in respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume, and blood pressure but an increase in tidal volume. In those cases in which carbachol injections alone caused these REM sleep-like autonomic responses, we also observed that the EN5-evoked respiratory suppression was significantly potentiated. Unfortunately, carbachol injections failed to depress genioglossus electromyogram (EMG) effectively, because the EMG activity was already strongly depressed by the anesthetic α-chloralose. We assume that pontine carbachol injections in our anesthetized rats cause autonomic effects that largely resemble REM sleep-like respiratory and vascular responses. We therefore conclude that the observed potentiation of EN5-evoked respiratory suppression after carbachol might be due to REM sleep-associated neuronal mechanisms. We speculate that activation of sensory trigeminal afferents during REM sleep might contribute to pathological REM sleep-associated respiratory failures.

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Iglesias, Beatriz, María José Rodríguez, Esther Aleo, Enrique Criado, Jose Martínez-Orgado, and Luis Arruza. "3-lead electrocardiogram is more reliable than pulse oximetry to detect bradycardia during stabilisation at birth of very preterm infants." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 103, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): F233—F237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311492.

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ObjectivesCurrent neonatal resuscitation guidelines suggest the use of ECG in the delivery room (DR) to assess heart rate (HR). However, reliability of ECG compared with pulse oximetry (PO) in a situation of bradycardia has not been specifically investigated. The objective of the present study was to compare HR monitoring using ECG or PO in a situation of bradycardia (HR <100 beats per minute (bpm)) during preterm stabilisation in the DR.Study designVideo recordings of resuscitations of infants <32 weeks of gestation were reviewed. HR readings in a situation of bradycardia (<100 bpm) at any moment during stabilisation were registered with both devices every 5 s from birth.ResultsA total of 29 episodes of bradycardia registered by the ECG in 39 video recordings were included in the analysis (n=29). PO did not detect the start of these events in 20 cases (69%). PO detected the start and the end of bradycardia later than the ECG (median (IQR): 5 s (0–10) and 5 s (0–7.5), respectively). A decline in PO accuracy was observed as bradycardia progressed so that by the end of the episode PO offered significantly lower HR readings than ECG.ConclusionsPO detects the start and recovery of bradycardia events slower and less accurately than ECG during stabilisation at birth of very preterm infants. ECG use in this scenario may contribute to an earlier initiation of resuscitation manoeuvres and to avoid unnecessary prolongation of resuscitation efforts after recovery.

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Follis, Jack L., and Dejian Lai. "Modeling Volatility Characteristics of Epileptic EEGs using GARCH Models." Signals 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals1010003.

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Objective: To determine if there was a difference in the volatility characteristics of seizure and non-seizure onset channels in the intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: The half-life of volatility for the different EEG channels was determined using Autoregressive Moving Average–Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARMA–GARCH) models; confidence intervals were constructed using the delta method and an asymptotic method for comparing the half-lives. Results: Clinically determined seizure onsets occurred over strip electrodes named RAST (Right Anterior Subtemporal) and RMST (Right Mid Subtemporal), at locations 2, 3 and 4, on the strip electrodes. The half-lives of volatility for two of the three seizure channels, RAST3 and RAST4, were found to be significantly lower the rest of the channels for six one-minute EEG segments prior to seizure onset and nine one-minute EEG segments of an awake state. The half-lives of volatility for RAST3 and RAST4 were not significantly different to the non-seizure channels for ten one-minute segments of sleep and ten one-minute segments of sleep-to-awake states. The estimates for the half-lives were consistent for randomly selected one-minute EEG segments. Conclusions: The use of GARCH models may be a useful tool in determining hidden properties in epileptiform EEGs that may lead to better understanding of the seizure generating process.

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Teplan, Michal, Anna Krakovská, and Marián Špajdel. "Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0032.

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Abstract Short-lasting psycho-physiological relaxation was investigated through an analysis of its bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics. In 8 subjects, 6-channel EEG data of 3-minute duration were recorded during 88 relaxation sessions. Time course of spectral EEG features was examined. Alpha powers were decreasing during resting conditions of 3-minute sessions in lying position with eyes closed. This was followed by a decrease of total power in centro-parietal cortex regions and an increase of beta power in fronto-central areas. Represented by EEG coherences the interhemispheric communication between the parieto-occipital regions was enhanced within a frequency range of 2-10 Hz. In order to discern between higher and lower levels of relaxation distinguished according to self-rated satisfaction, EEG features were assessed and discriminating parameters were identified. Successful relaxation was determined mainly by the presence of decreased delta-1 power across the cortex. Potential applications for these findings include the clinical, pharmacological, and stress management fields.

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Myrnerts Höök, Susanna, Nicolas J. Pejovic, Francesco Cavallin, Clare Lubulwa, Josaphat Byamugisha, Jolly Nankunda, Thorkild Tylleskär, and Tobias Alfven. "Smartphone app for neonatal heart rate assessment: an observational study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (July 2020): e000688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000688.

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BackgroundHeart rate (HR) assessment is crucial in neonatal resuscitation, but pulse oximetry (PO) and electrocardiography (ECG) are rarely accessible in low-resource to middle-resource settings. This study evaluated a free-of-charge smartphone application, NeoTap, which records HR with a screen-tapping method bypassing mental arithmetic calculations.MethodsThis observational study was carried out during three time periods between May 2015 and January 2019 in Uganda in three phases. In phase 1, a metronome rate (n=180) was recorded by low-end users (midwives) using NeoTap. In phase 2, HR (n=69) in breathing neonates was recorded by high-end users (paediatricians) using NeoTap versus PO. In phase 3, HR (n=235) in non-breathing neonates was recorded by low-end users using NeoTap versus ECG.ResultsIn high-end users the mean difference was 3 beats per minute (bpm) higher with NeoTap versus PO (95% agreement limits −14 to 19 bpm), with acquisition time of 5 seconds. In low-end users, the mean difference was 6 bpm lower with NeoTap versus metronome (95% agreement limits −26 to 14 bpm) and 3 bpm higher with NeoTap versus ECG in non-breathing neonates (95% agreement limits −48 to 53 bpm), with acquisition time of 2.7 seconds. The agreement between NeoTap and ECG was good in the HR categories of 60–99 bpm and ≥100 bpm; HR <60 bpm had few measurements (kappa index 0.71, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.79).ConclusionHR could be accurately and rapidly assessed using a smartphone application in breathing neonates in a low-resource setting. Clinical assessment by low-end users was less accurate with wider CI but still adds clinically important information in non-breathing neonates. The authors suggest low-end users may benefit from auscultation-focused training. More research is needed to evaluate its feasibility in clinical use.

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Scozzafava, James, Muhammad S. Hussain, Peter G. Brindley, Michael J. Jacka, and Donald W. Gross. "The role of the standard 20 minute EEG recording in the comatose patient." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17, no. 1 (January 2010): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2009.03.008.

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Minami, Mayumi, Yutaka Ishikawa, Yoko Matsumoto, Hirotsugu Atarashi, and Keiichiro Atarashi. "Three-Minute ECG Recording and Arrhythmia Detectionin the Evaluation and Promotion of Health." Internal Medicine 46, no. 5 (2007): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.46.1870.

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Классина, S. Klassina, Фудин, and N. Fudin. "The Condition of Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems in the Recovery Period After the Refusal of Intensive Physical Load." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13313.

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The article is devoted to studying the condition of central and autonomic nervous systems in the recovery period after the refusal of intensive physical load. The study involved 25 young men aged 18, 4 ± 0, 3 year. Each of them, it was offered a test with increasing in intensity step-dosed physical load on the cycle ergometer. "Sports Art 5005" ergometer was used for load testing and the testing itself was conducted under ECG and EEG control. A spectral analysis of ECG and analysis of heart rate variability were conducted. The heart rate, Kerdo index, stroke volume, cardiac output blood flow were calculated. The full EEG spectral power and spectral powers of separate rhythms were evaluated. Blood pressure was measured in the «background» status, at the moment of failure to take the load and after the recovery. The authors evaluated the level of self-feeling and fixed subjective complaints. It is shown, that at the time of failure of intense load subjects reach of the limit of their physical capacity level, which is reflected in the increasing of sympathetic effects. It´s marked in increase in heart rate and hemodynamic parameters. At time when the motoric program was stopped, the subjects were begun to the recovery. It was accompanied by a significant increase in spectral power of delta waves in the prefrontal and occipital cortex of the left and right hemispheres in the 1st minute of recovery. The appearance of delta waves was due to the increasing of inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex as a result of fatigue and they have of defensive nature. The recovery process is characterized by significant reorganizations of vegetative regulation mechanisms. It was marked a sharp increase in spectral power of VLF -waves on the third minute of recovery and a reducing of heart rate variability to the 6-th minute of recovery. Thus, the recovery process after intense physical load is characterized by significant reorganizations in condition of central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

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Nickerson, D., Brian Tracy, Roger Paxton, Dwayne Yamasaki, and James Anderson. "Acute Improvement in Intraoperative EMG Following Common Fibular Nerve Decompression in Patients with Symptomatic Diabetic Sensorimotor Peripheral Neuropathy: 1. EMG Results." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 78, no. 05 (December 30, 2016): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593958.

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Background and Study Aims Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the fibularis longus (FL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were performed intraoperatively during common fibular nerve (CFN) nerve decompression (ND) in patients with symptomatic diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) and clinical nerve compression. Materials and Methods Forty-six legs in 40 patients underwent surgical ND by external neurolysis; FL and TA muscles were monitored intraoperatively. Evoked EMGs were recorded just prior to and within 1 minute after ND. Results Thirty-eight legs (82.6%) demonstrated EMG improvement 1 minute after ND. Sixty muscles (31 FL, 29 TA) were monitored, with 44 (73.3%) improving in EMG amplitude. Mean change in EMG amplitude represented a 73.6% improvement (p < 0.0001). Changes in EMG amplitudes correlated with visual analog scale pain improvement (p = 0.03). Conclusion This is the first report of acute changes in objective EMG responses during ND of CFN in DSPN patients and demonstrates that patients with symptomatic DSPN and clinical nerve entrapment have latent but functional axons that surgical ND can improve immediately.

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Bhattarai, Sulove, Sudip Bhujel, Santosh Adhikari, and Shanta Maharjan. "Design and Implementation of a Portable ECG Device." Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v3i1.34336.

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Electrocardiography(ECG) is the technology of measuring the electrical changes of the heart. The electrical change is due to the depolarization and repolarization of the heart cells which produces a specific wave or complex. The potential developed is captured by the electrodes placed on the skin, which ranges in micro to millivolts. Weak signals captured by the electrodes are amplified and converted into a voltage that is readable for microcontroller ATmega328P. ECG is represented by the waves called P, QRS, and T waves. One cardiac cycle of the heart consists of P-QRS-T waves in ECG. The amplitude of the waves, complexes, and the time interval between different waves or segments conveys the total information on the working activity of the heart. A proper study of those waveforms and time intervals on ECG aids to determine and diagnose different cardiac abnormalities. This paper presents a method of extraction of voltage generated during cardiac movement of the human body using an electrode, amplifier, microcontroller and OLED screen. It describes the method of calculating heartbeats per minute from the ECG signal and displays beats per minute on the same OLED screen.

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Goemans, Nathalie, Janbernd Kirschner, and Eugenio Mercuri. "New Perspectives in the Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." European Neurological Review 9, no. 1 (2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2014.09.01.78.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked, rare, progressive, life-threatening disease with no currently approved therapy targeting the underlying cause. DMD is characterised by a lack of dystrophin, which leads to severe myofibre degeneration. Laboratory techniques have evolved to enable identification of DMD patients from blood samples. The importance of a multi-disciplinary clinical management approach in achieving optimal outcomes in DMD is well recognised, and there is an emphasis on utilising care guidelines to treat effectively the multiple clinical manifestations of DMD. The aim of managing DMD is to prolong ambulation and delay other disease milestones, therefore maintaining quality of life for as long as possible. In the absence of any other approved treatments, corticosteroids have been adopted as a standard of treatment for DMD, with evidence supporting their clinical utility in delaying some disease milestones, while recognising their side effects. A major challenge with DMD has been the identification of meaningful clinical outcome measures for clinical studies. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) has emerged as a strong predictor of physical functioning and disease progression, with strong evidence of validity and reliability. As a result, it is currently the most accepted primary clinical endpoint in ambulatory DMD clinical trials. The 6MWT has been utilised in a variety of DMD studies of potential drug treatments, including large multinational trials of the nonsense mutation readthrough agent, ataluren, which is under development for nonsense mutation-mediated DMD, in trials of exon skipping agents in development for specific exon linked DMD mutations and in trials investigating optimal steroid dose regimens.

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Mercuri, Eugenio, Ros Quinlivan, and Sylvie Tuffery-Giraud. "Early Diagnosis and Treatment – The Use of Ataluren in the Effective Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." European Neurological Review 13, no. 1 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2018.13.1.31.

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The understanding of the natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing rapidly and new treatments are emerging that have the potential to substantially improve the prognosis for patients with this disabling and life-shortening disease. For many, however, there is a long delay between the appearance of symptoms and DMD diagnosis, which reduces the possibility of successful treatment. DMD results from mutations in the large dystrophin gene of which one-third are de novo mutations and two-thirds are inherited from a female carrier. Roughly 75% of mutations are large rearrangements and 25% are point mutations. Certain deletions and nonsense mutations can be treated whereas many other mutations cannot currently be treated. This emphasises the need for early genetic testing to identify the mutation, guide treatment and inform genetic counselling. Treatments for DMD include corticosteroids and more recently, ataluren has been approved in Europe, the first disease-modifying therapy for treating DMD caused by nonsense mutations. The use of ataluren in DMD is supported by positive results from phase IIb and phase III studies in which the treatment produced marked improvements in the 6-minute walk test, timed function tests such as the 10 m walk/run test and the 4-stair ascent/descent test compared with placebo. In these trials, ataluren was well tolerated and adverse event profiles were similar to placebo. As such disease-modifying treatments become more widely available, the outlook for children with DMD will improve but physicians must be aware of the disease, rapidly initiate testing where it is suspected and promptly begin appropriate treatment.

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Ward, Matthew J., and Michael E. Barnes. "Evaluation of Two Formalin Concentrations During Yellow Perch Egg Incubation." Aquatic Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v8i1.16056.

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Daily 15-minute treatments of formalin at 1667 mg/L are typically used to prevent water mold infestations in coolwater fish eggs. This study evaluated the use of a reduced concentration of 834 mg/L during yellow perch Perca flavescens egg incubation until the eyed stage of egg development. No water mold was observed on the perch eggs using either formalin treatment regime. Median survival to the eyed stage of egg development was not significantly different between the treatments and approached 90%. There was also no significant difference in egg survival to hatch. In addition, fry length at hatching, although relatively short overall, was not significantly different between the formalin treatment concentrations. The results of this study indicate that reducing daily 15-minute formalin concentration from 1667 to 834 mg/L during yellow perch egg incubation will not affect survival through hatch or larval length at hatching.

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Wiegand, L., C. W. Zwillich, and D. P. White. "Collapsibility of the human upper airway during normal sleep." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1800–1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1800.

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Upper airway resistance (UAR) increases in normal subjects during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. To examine the influence of sleep on upper airway collapsibility, inspiratory UAR (epiglottis to nares) and genioglossus electromyogram (EMG) were measured in six healthy men before and during inspiratory resistive loading. UAR increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from wakefulness to non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep [3.1 +/- 0.4 to 11.7 +/- 3.5 (SE) cmH2O.1–1.s]. Resistive load application during wakefulness produced small increments in UAR. However, during NREM sleep, UAR increased dramatically with loading in four subjects although two subjects demonstrated little change. This increment in UAR from wakefulness to sleep correlated closely with the rise in UAR during loading while asleep (e.g., load 12: r = 0.90, P less than 0.05), indicating consistent upper airway behavior during sleep. On the other hand, no measurement of upper airway behavior during wakefulness was predictive of events during sleep. Although the influence of sleep on the EMG was difficult to assess, peak inspiratory genioglossus EMG clearly increased (P less than 0.05) after load application during NREM sleep. Finally, minute ventilation fell significantly from wakefulness values during NREM sleep, with the largest decrement in sleeping minute ventilation occurring in those subjects having the greatest awake-to-sleep increment in UAR (r = -0.88, P less than 0.05). We conclude that there is marked variability among normal men in upper airway collapsibility during sleep.

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Payra, Arajush, and Gaurab Nandi Das. "Notes on the records of Suastus minuta aditia Evans (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Southern West Bengal, India." REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 46, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.46.2.20.02.

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McGuire, Luke A., Francis K. Rengers, Nina Oakley, Jason W. Kean, Dennis M. Staley, Hui Tang, Marian de Orla-Barile, and Ann M. Youberg. "Time Since Burning and Rainfall Characteristics Impact Post-Fire Debris-Flow Initiation and Magnitude." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-20-00029.

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ABSTRACT The extreme heat from wildfire alters soil properties and incinerates vegetation, leading to changes in infiltration capacity, ground cover, soil erodibility, and rainfall interception. These changes promote elevated rates of runoff and sediment transport that increase the likelihood of runoff-generated debris flows. Debris flows are most common in the year immediately following wildfire, but temporal changes in the likelihood and magnitude of debris flows following wildfire are not well constrained. In this study, we combine measurements of soil-hydraulic properties with vegetation survey data and numerical modeling to understand how debris-flow threats are likely to change in steep, burned watersheds during the first 3 years of recovery. We focus on documenting recovery following the 2016 Fish Fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, and demonstrate how a numerical model can be used to predict temporal changes in debris-flow properties and initiation thresholds. Numerical modeling suggests that the 15-minute intensity-duration (ID) threshold for debris flows in post-fire year 1 can vary from 15 to 30 mm/hr, depending on how rainfall is temporally distributed within a storm. Simulations further demonstrate that expected debris-flow volumes would be reduced by more than a factor of three following 1 year of recovery and that the 15-minute rainfall ID threshold would increase from 15 to 30 mm/hr to greater than 60 mm/hr by post-fire year 3. These results provide constraints on debris-flow thresholds within the San Gabriel Mountains and highlight the importance of considering local rainfall characteristics when using numerical models to assess debris-flow and flood potential.

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Gabdullin, Nikita, Sadjad Madanzadeh, and Alexey Vilkin. "Towards End-to-End Deep Learning Performance Analysis of Electric Motors." Actuators 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10020028.

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Deep Learning (DL) revolutionized numerous research fields including robotics, natural language processing, self-driving cars, healthcare, and others. However, DL is still relatively under-researched in physics and engineering. Recent works on DL-assisted analysis showed enormous potential of CNN applications in electrical engineering. This paper explores the possibility of developing an end-to-end DL analysis method to match or even surpass conventional analysis techniques such as finite element analysis (FEA) based on the ability of CNNs to predict the performance characteristics of electric machines. The required depth in CNN architecture is studied by comparing a simplistic CNN with three ResNet architectures. Studied CNNs show over 90% accuracy for an analysis conducted under a minute, whereas a FEA of comparable accuracy required 200 h. It is also shown that training CNNs to predict multidimensional outputs can improve CNN performance. Multidimensional output prediction with data-driven methods is further discussed in context of multiphysics analysis showing potential for developing analysis methods that might surpass FEA capabilities.

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Pihlainen, Kai, Arto J. Pesola, Joonas Helén, Keijo Häkkinen, Taija Finni, Tommi Ojanen, Jani P. Vaara, Matti Santtila, Jani Raitanen, and Heikki Kyröläinen. "Training-Induced Acute Neuromuscular Responses to Military Specific Test during a Six-Month Military Operation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010215.

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Limited data are available regarding strength and endurance training adaptations to occupational physical performance during deployment. This study assessed acute training-induced changes in neuromuscular (electromyography; EMG) and metabolic (blood lactate, BLa) responses during a high-intensity military simulation test (MST), performed in the beginning (PRE) and at the end (POST) of a six-month crisis-management operation. MST time shortened (145 ± 21 vs. 129 ± 16 s, −10 ± 7%, p < 0.001) during the operation. Normalized muscle activity increased from PRE to POST in the hamstring muscles by 87 ± 146% (116 ± 52 vs. 195 ± 139%EMGMVC, p < 0.001) and in the quadriceps by 54 ± 81% (26 ± 8 vs. 40 ± 20%EMGMVC, p < 0.001). In addition, higher acute BLa values were measured after MST during POST. Changes in BLa and EMG suggested an increased neural input and metabolic rate during POST MST, likely leading to faster performance times at the end of the operation. High EMG values throughout the different phases of MST suggested that despite the anaerobic nature of the test, the soldiers were able to maintain their voluntary muscle activation level until the end of the test. This indicates only limited neural fatigue during the two-minute high-intensity military specific performance. While learning effect may explain some part of the improvement in the MST performance times, combined strength and endurance training three times per week may improve neuromuscular performance in occupationally relevant tasks.

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Zorick, Todd, and Jason Smith. "Generalized Information Equilibrium Approaches to EEG Sleep Stage Discrimination." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6450126.

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Recent advances in neuroscience have raised the hypothesis that the underlying pattern of neuronal activation which results in electroencephalography (EEG) signals is via power-law distributed neuronal avalanches, while EEG signals are nonstationary. Therefore, spectral analysis of EEG may miss many properties inherent in such signals. A complete understanding of such dynamical systems requires knowledge of the underlying nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In recent work by Fielitz and Borchardt (2011, 2014), the concept of information equilibrium (IE) in information transfer processes has successfully characterized many different systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. We utilized a publicly available database of polysomnogram EEG data from fourteen subjects with eight different one-minute tracings of sleep stage 2 and waking and an overlapping set of eleven subjects with eight different one-minute tracings of sleep stage 3. We applied principles of IE to model EEG as a system that transfers (equilibrates) information from the time domain to scalp-recorded voltages. We find that waking consciousness is readily distinguished from sleep stages 2 and 3 by several differences in mean information transfer constants. Principles of IE applied to EEG may therefore prove to be useful in the study of changes in brain function more generally.

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Tabdar, Sushila, and Ekraj Kadariya. "Rocuronium versus Vecuronium for laparoscopic cholecystectomy." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 2, no. 4 (December 16, 2014): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i4.11776.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia using Vecuronium is quite common these days. Some alarming complications like severe bradycardia and asystole after creation of carboperitoneum is not uncommon after its injection which is very stressful to both surgeons and anaesthesiologists. As an alternative, Rocuronium has been found safe in this regard till now used in many general anaesthesia requiring cases. So, it can be useful in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as well.Objective: To compare the haemodynamic, respiratory parameters and complications between Vecuronium and Rocuronium.Methods: In this randomised prospective double blind study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College from March 2013 to September 2013, a total of sixty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups of thirty each by envelope method, with one group receiving Rocuronium and the other group receiving Vecuronium as muscle relaxants. Group A received injection Pethidine 1 mg/kg, Propofol 2.5 mg/kg and Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg for induction. Group B received injection Pethidine 1 mg/kg, Propofol 2.5 mg/kg and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg for induction. After intubation the whole anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen, air, halothane and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Intraoperative monitoring used were Pulse rate (PR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial Oxygen saturation (SpO2), end tidal Carbondioxide (ETCO2), electro cardiography (ECG) and peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS). PR, MAP, SpO2, ETCO2, ECG were recorded before muscle relaxant, one minute after muscle relaxant, before intubation, one minute after intubation, before skin incision, one minute after skin incision, before carboperitonium, one minute after carboperitoneum, before extubation and one minute after extubation. Carboperitoneum if occurred any were also noted. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 19 verson. Student t test, Fisher’s exact test and Chi square test were used for the final analysis where P value <0.05 was considered significant.Result: Using Vecuronium as a muscle relaxant for laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in haemodynamic alteration intraoperatively by a significant reduction of PR one minute after carboperitoneum (62.80±11.25 versus 87.23±14.35 in Rocuronium group) where p<0.05. Bradycardia requiring Atropine was significant in vecuronium group with p<0.05.Conclusion: Rocuronium is less likely to cause bradycardia as compared to Vecuronium in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i4.11776Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 2, No. 4, Issue 6, Oct.-Dec., 2013Page: 190-195

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ISHIKAWA, Yutaka, Yoko MATSUMOTO, Mayumi MINAMI, Toshiyuki SHIBOSAWA, and Keiichiro ATARASHI. "Three-minute ECG Recording and Arrythmia Detection in the Evaluation and Promotion of Health." Health evaluation and promotion 30, no. 6 (2003): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7143/jhep.30.562.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Minutiae. eng'

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