Relevant bibliographies by topics / Miombo woodland

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Academic literature on the topic 'Miombo woodland'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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Rannestad, Meley Mekonen, and Tigist Araya Gessesse. "Deforestation and Subsequent Cultivation of Nutrient Poor Soils of Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania: Long Term Effect on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrients." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104113.

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The miombo woodlands of Tanzania have continued to be subjected to deforestation due to mainly agricultural expansion. Knowledge of long-term productivity of the subsequent land use can help to evaluate the sustainability of the existing land management systems. We used both socioeconomic and soil survey data to assess maize yield and selected soil properties, respectively, with an increasing cultivation period since conversion from miombo woodland. Data on maize production was collected from 121 households in three villages, while soil sampling was undertaken on 15 plots in one of the study villages. Soil samples were taken from miombo woodland and from croplands with cultivation periods varying from two to 52 years. Samples were taken at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths and analyzed for the major plant nutrients. According to the results of the socioeconomic data analysis, continued cultivation of former miombo woodlands does not have a significant effect on maize yield. The results of the soil analysis also showed that the major plant nutrients on farmlands in both soil layers did not show a significant change from the adjacent miombo woodland and did not decline with increasing cultivation period. This indicates that the current farming system can maintain the levels of the major plant nutrients and thus soil productivity.
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Godlee, John L., Francisco Maiato Gonçalves, José João Tchamba, Antonio Valter Chisingui, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Casey M. Ryan, Thom K. Brade, and Kyle G. Dexter. "Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040140.

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Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.
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Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, Y. M. Ngaga, and Angelingis A. Makatta. "The Land Use and Cover Change in Miombo Woodlands under Community Based Forest Management and Its Implication to Climate Change Mitigation: A Case of Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/459102.

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In Tanzania, miombo woodland is the most significant forest vegetation with both ecological and socioeconomic importance. The vegetation has been threatened from land use and cover change due to unsustainable utilization. Over the past two decades, community based forest management (CBFM) has been practiced to address the problem. Given the current need to mitigate global climate change, little is known on the influence of CBFM to the land use and cover change in miombo woodlands and therefore compromising climate change mitigation strategies. This study explored the dynamic of land use and covers change and biomass due to CBFM and established the implication to climate change mitigation. The study revealed increasing miombo woodland cover density with decreasing unsustainable utilization. The observed improvement in cover density and biomass provides potential for climate change mitigation strategies. CBFM also developed solidarity, cohesion, and social control of miombo woodlands illegal extraction. This further enhances permanence, reduces leakage, and increases accountability requirement for carbon credits. Collectively with these promising results, good land use plan at village level and introduction of alternative income generating activities can be among the best options to further reduce land use change and biomass loss in miombo woodlands.
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Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, and Y. M. Ngaga. "Management, Growth, and Carbon Storage in Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629317.

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Despite the local livelihoods support function provided by miombo woodlands of Tanzania under participatory forest management, its growth still has potential for carbon storage and sequestration attractive to REDD+ initiatives. This study has revealed the average growth to be significant, despite the local community livelihoods support function. However, climate change mitigation strategy needs to be more innovative to optimize carbon storage and local livelihoods’ potentials in forest-dependent communities like miombo woodlands. Carbon credits resulting from the increased carbon stock and sequestration should contribute to sustainable development. This should also help promote participatory forest management and secure miombo woodland products and services upon which billions of people depend.
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Chidumayo, E. N. "Species structure in Zambian miombo woodland." Journal of Tropical Ecology 3, no. 2 (May 1987): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001838.

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ABSTRACTMiombo woodland in Zambia is divided into wetter and drier types by the 1100 mm mean rainfall isohyet. In the present study two wetter (Northern, Northwestern) and three drier (Central, Eastern, Western) miombo subtypes were recognized.A survey of the woody flora of 94 old-growth and 58 coppice stands in the five miombo subtypes revealed some significant differences in species diversity among them. The floristic differentiantion of miombo subtypes was best achieved by the use of the Shannon species diversity index (H′) and species density (number of species 0.1 ha−1 or 0.4 ha−1). H′ in miombo decreased from 2.247 in Northwestern to 2.136 in Northern, 2.052 in Eastern, 1.918 in Central and 1.824 in Western subtypes. Although species density was not significantly different between wetter miombo subtypes, this decreased in a similar fashion from 18.78 0.1 ha−1 in Northwestern to 18.30 in Northern, 16.65 in Eastern, 14.79 in Central and 12.29 in Western subtypes. The low species diversity in Western drier miombo was attributed to the combined effects of low soil fertility and rainfall.Although the mean number of species per 0.1 ha plot was higher in coppice samples, species richness (d) and index of diversity (H′) were lower than in old-growth samples. These results indicate lower species diversity in regenerating miombo. The dynamic aspects of species structure should therefore be considered in the future conservation of biological diversity in miombo woodland.
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Chidumayo, Emmanuel N. "Biotic interactions, climate and disturbance underlie the distribution of two Julbernardia tree species in miombo woodlands of Africa." Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000584.

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Abstract:Occurrence data for Julbernardia globiflora and J. paniculata at 617 sites in the miombo woodland region of central, eastern and southern Africa and forest inventory data for 512 woodland plots in Zambia were used to determine species distribution and dominance. Distribution of the two Julbernardia species overlaps in the central region of the miombo woodland range while the eastern and western range regions are exclusively for only one of the two species. In the region of co-occurrence, there is a clear spatial separation in the dominance of the two species. In old-growth woodland a significant proportion of the variation in the dominance of J. globiflora was explained by the dominance of J. paniculata while mean annual maximum temperature and tree species richness negatively affect the dominance of J. paniculata. Old-growth woodland clearing changes the local climatic conditions and alters the way Julbernardia species in re-growth stands respond to potential evapo-transpiration (PET). Climate change, especially global warming, may further reinforce the impacts of PET to differentially favour J. globiflora. Because of this altered response of Julbernardia species in re-growth miombo, preserving old-growth miombo and preventing present human disturbances in designated areas, such as forest reserves and national parks, may be a useful climate adaptation strategy for these species.
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Bulusu, Medha, Christopher Martius, and Jessica Clendenning. "Carbon Stocks in Miombo Woodlands: Evidence from over 50 Years." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070862.

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Miombo woodlands are extensive dry forest ecosystems in central and southern Africa covering ≈2.7 million km2. Despite their vast expanse and global importance for carbon storage, the long-term carbon stocks and dynamics have been poorly researched. The objective of this paper was to present and summarize the evidence gathered on aboveground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of miombo woodlands from the 1960s to mid-2018 through a literature review. We reviewed the data to find out to what extent aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon stocks are found in miombo woodlands and further investigated if are there differences in carbon stocks based on woodland categories (old-growth, disturbed and re-growth). A review protocol was used to identify 56 publications from which quantitative data on AGC and SOC stocks were extracted. We found that the mean AGC in old-growth miombo (45.8 ± 17.8 Mg C ha−1), disturbed miombo (26.7 ± 15 Mg C ha−1), and regrowth miombo (18.8 ± 16.8 Mg C ha−1) differed significantly. Data on rainfall, stand age, and land-use suggested that the variability in aboveground carbon is site-specific, relating to climatic and geographic conditions as well as land-use history. SOC stocks in both old-growth and re-growth miombo were found to vary widely. It must be noted these soil data are provided only for information; they inconsistently refer to varying soil depths and are thus difficult to interpret. The wide range reported suggests a need for further studies which are much more systematic in method and reporting. Other limitations of the dataset include the lack of systematic sampling and lack of data in some countries, viz. Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Mercader, Julio, Tim Bennett, Chris Esselmont, Steven Simpson, and Dale Walde. "Soil phytoliths from miombo woodlands in Mozambique." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.008.

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AbstractThis paper describes topsoil phytolith assemblages from 25 loci underneath miombo woodlands on an eco-transect intersecting the Mozambican Rift along a geographical, altitudinal, climatic and botanical gradient. We provide the first comprehensive overview of the phytolith spectrum that defines northern Mozambique's Zambezian floristic zone. Our classifying criteria derive from comparison with previously described and quantified reference collections of trees and grasses growing in the study area. We characterize the sedimentological and soil features of the matrices where phytoliths are found, establishing correlation among geo-edaphic variables and phytoliths. Descriptive statistics along with nonparametric and parametric statistical analyses evaluate phytolith grouping criteria, variation, robustness, and membership. From a taphonomic perspective, we attest that topsoil phytolith assemblages are polygenic and do not represent an episodic snapshot of extant vegetation, but a palimpsest from plants representing various disturbance episodes, succession stages, and ecological trends. Phytoliths retrieved from Mozambican miombo soils do not seem to trace altitudinal, temperature, or precipitation gradients, and no significant differences exist between highland and lowland phytolith assemblages. This article provides a phytolith analog for woodland environments that can guide future paleoenvironmental research. It also confirms that phytolith analysis is able to detect shifts in the woodland/grassland interface.
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CHIDUMAYO, EMMANUEL N. "Estimating tree biomass and changes in root biomass following clear-cutting of Brachystegia-Julbernardia (miombo) woodland in central Zambia." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000210.

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SUMMARYThis study aimed at developing allometric models from destructive sample field data for estimating both aboveground and belowground tree biomass and assessing changes in root biomass after old-growth Brachystegia-Julbernardia (miombo) woodland clearing in central Zambia. Logarithmic linear models were selected for estimating tree biomass because they gave the most accurate (low mean error) predictions. On average aboveground and belowground biomass in regrowth woodland represented 29% and 41%, respectively, of the biomass in old-growth woodland. The root:shoot ratios were 0.54 and 0.77 in old-growth and regrowth woodland, respectively. Ten years after clear-cutting old-growth woodland, root biomass loss was about 60% of the original biomass. The main cause of post clearing root biomass loss was fire which at the study sites occurred annually or biannually. Control of fire in cleared sites should be encouraged in forest management for carbon storage and sequestration in miombo woodland of southern Africa.
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Jenkins, R. K. B., G. R. Corti, E. Fanning, and K. Roettcher. "Management implications of antelope habitat use in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania." Oryx 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000236.

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High cattle densities, expanding human settlements and the conversion of miombo woodland into farms and teak plantations are threatening wildlife populations in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, and conservation research on this internationally important wetland is required as part of an integrated approach to its future management. The effect of land-use change on antelopes (family Bovidae) was investigated by surveying tracks and dung during three seasons over 1999–2000 in an area of mixed land-use. Use of miombo woodland, grassland and farmland habitats by antelopes was highest during the wet season (April–May), probably representing the movements of animals away from the floodplain. Duiker, puku Kobus vardoni and reedbuck Redunca spp. predominantly used the farmland during the wet season, at which time buffalo Syncerus caffer were more common in the miombo woodland. The findings of this study have three main implications for the conservation of the valley. Firstly, the inadvertent provision of suitable wet season habitats for puku and other small-medium antelopes by rice farmers could lead to higher levels of illegal hunting, and may increase the potential for conflict between agriculture and wildlife. Secondly, the loss of miombo vegetation will most strongly affect the larger species of antelope (sable Hippotragus niger and waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus), which favour open-woodland habitats; future work should therefore determine levels of habitat use by antelopes in and around maturing teak plantations. Thirdly, any management prescriptions to conserve the Kilombero Valley should include the land on the edge of the floodplain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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Syampungani, Stephen. "Vegetation change analysis and ecological recovery of the copperbelt Miombo woodland of Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4833.

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Thesis (PhD (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study aimed at developing a new understanding of the Miombo woodland recovery dynamics when exposed to single tree selection, slash & burn agriculture and charcoal production. Five specific studies were conducted to examine different parts of this overall study: Miombo woodland utilization, management and conflict resolution among stakeholders; speciesstem curves as a tool in sampling the development of Miombo woodland species richness in charcoal and slash & burn regrowth stands over time; the impact of human disturbance on the floristic composition of Miombo woodland; regeneration and recruitment potentials of key Miombo woodland species after disturbance; and age and growth rate determination using selected Miombo woodland species. Different methods were developed for each specific study. The study of woodland utilization and management employed semi-structured and key informant interviews. STATISTICA statistical package version 6.0 was used for data collation and analysis. Chi-square tests were used to show levels of significance in differences that existed between different user groups. Species-stem curves were used to determine the sample size to assess Miombo woodland dynamics in regrowth stands after slash & burn and charcoal production, and a fixed-area method was used for the mature woodland stands. The study sites in each of three study areas were selected to represent ages ranging from 2 to 15+ years since each disturbance was terminated. The undisturbed woodland was chosen to act as a control. Various analyses using the STATISTICA statistical package and CANOCO version 4.0 were conducted to understand responses of Miombo woodland to these different disturbances. The research revealed that single tree selection, slash & burn agriculture and charcoal production are the main forms of Copperbelt Miombo woodland utilization which will always be there. Additionally, the the Miombo woodland stands were characterized based on the size class profile they exhibit on exposure to human disturbance factors through forest utilization. The characterization has revealed that the woodland is dominated by light demanding species. As such single tree selection harvesting does not support the regeneration and establishment of the timber species which are canopy species under shade conditions. This implies that selection harvesting of timber species, although it appears to be a non event in terms of disturbance at stand level may be a disaster at population level. The study also revealed that clearing of the woodland for either slash & burn agriculture or charcoal production results in enhanced regeneration and establishment of the dominant Miombo woodland species. The study concludes that charcoal production and slash & burn agriculture are important components to which the woodland ecosystem is adapted. As such these disturbance factors may be considered as incorporated disturbances. It is recommended from the study that woodland utilization and management should integrate charcoal production and slash & burn agriculture into forest management. Cutting cycles should be based on growth rate of the selected species. Timber species harvesting should go side by side with these disturbance factors so as to open up the canopy in order that maximum sunlight can reach the regeneration stock. The study also brings out the other management and utilization opportunities (such as managing for Uapaca kirkiana and Anisophyllea boehmii fruits) that arise from different development stages of the woodland. Lastly, it is recommended to ascertain the optimum gap sizes for both charcoal production or slash & burn agriculture which would still support the Miombo woodland recovery.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is gedoen om ‘n nuwe begrip te ontwikkel vir die hersteldinamika van Miombo boomveld na onderwerping aan enkelboomseleksie, kap & brand lanbou en houtskoolproduksie. Vyf spesifieke studies is gedoen om verskillende komponente van die total studie te ondersoek: benutting, bestuur en konflikresolusie tussen gebruikers van Miombo boomveld; species-stam kurwes as ‘n instrument in die bemonstering van die ontwikkeling van Miombo boomveld species-rykdom oor tyd na afloop van houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou; die impak van menslike versteuring op die floristiese samestelling van Miombo boomveld; verjongingspotensiaal van sleutelsoorte in Miombo boomveld na versteuring; en bepaling van ouderdom en groeitempo in ge-selekteerde Miombo boomveldsoorte. Verskillende metodes is ontwikkel vir elke spesifieke studie. In die studie van boomveldgebruik en –bestuur is semigestruktureerde en sleutel-informant onderhoude gebruik. Die STATISTICA statistiese packet weergawe 6.0 is gebruik vir dataverwerking en -ontleding. Chi-kwadraat toetse is gebruik om vlakke van betekenisvolheid te toon wat bestaan tussen verskillende gebruikersgroepe. Speciesstamkruwes is gebruik om monstergrootte te bepaal vir die evaluering van Miombo boomvelddinamika in hergroeiopstande na kap & brand en houtskoolproduksie, terwyl vastegrootte persele gebruik is vir volwasse boomveldopstande. Die studieplekke in elk van drie studiegebiede is geselekteer om verskillende ouderdomme tussen 2 en 15+ jaar na be-eindiging van die versteuring te verteenwoordig. Onversteurde boomveld is gebruik as kontrole. Verskeie ontledings, met die STATISTICA statistiese pakket en CANOCO weergawe 4.0 is gedoen om die reaksie van Miombo boomveld op die verskillende versteurings te verstaan. Die navorsing het getoon dat enkelboomseleksie, kap & brand landbou en houtskoolproduksie is die hoof vorme van Copperbelt Miombo boomveld benutting wat altyd daar sal wees. Verder is die Miombo boomveldopstande gekarakteriseer gebaseer op die grootteklasprofiel wat hulle vertoon na menslike versteuringsfaktore in die vorm van boomveldbenutting. Die karakterisering het getoon dat die boomveld gedomineer word deur ligeisende soorte. Daarom ondersteun enkelboomseleksie nie die verjonging en vestiging van die dominante houtsoorte wat kroonsoorte is onder skadutoestande. Dit impliseer dat selektiewe inoesting van houtsoorte, alhoewel dit voorkom as ‘n onbelangrike gebeurtenis in terme van versteuring op opstandsvlak, ‘n ramp is op populasievlak. Die studie het ook getoon dat skoonmaak van die boomveld vir of kap & brand landbou of houtskoolproduksie, lei tot verbeterde verjonging en vestiging van die dominante Miombo boomveldsoorte. Die studie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou belangrike komponente is waarby die boomveldsisteem aangepas is. Daarom kan hierdie versteuringsfaktore beskou word as ingeslote versteurings. Vanuit die studie word daarom aanbeveel dat boomveldbenutting en –bestuur houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou binne die bosbestuur integreerd moet word. Kapsiklusse moet gebaseer word op die groeitempos van geselekteerde soorte. Inoesting van houtsoorte moet saamloop met hierdie versteuringsfaktore sodat die kroondak oopgemaak kan word sodat maksimum sonlig die verjonging bereik. Die studie bring ook na vore die bestuur en benuttingsgeleenthede (soos bestuur vir die vrugte van Uapaca kirkiana en Anisophyllea boehmii) wat voorkom in verskillende ontwikkelingstadiums van die boomveld. Laastens word aanbeveel dat die optimum openinggroottes vir beide kap & brand en houtskoolbereiding wat herstel van Miombo boomveld ondersteun, bepaal.
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Sharp, Cathy. "Macrofungi in a miombo woodland in Central Zimbabwe." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25501.

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Abbot, Patrick G. "The supply and demand dynamics of Miombo woodland : a household perspective." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU094745.

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This thesis is concerned with the way householders use their woodland and tree resources in the face of physical and socio-economic resource constraints. Its rationale is the belief that the identification of the characteristics that control the supply and demand dynamics of small holders' woodland and tree use will contribute to the understanding of how forestry interventions can more positively influence the way they manage their environment. The study takes the form of a case-study of a smallholder farming community in North Kasungu District, Central Malawi. It uses a range of research methodologies in an attempt to broaden the scope of analysis and accommodate a multi-disciplinary approach to the dynamics of household miombo utilisation. The research methods used are a participatory woodland inventory, a questionnaire survey, participatory household and household tree resource survey and a 25-month programme of monitoring household woodland and tree utilisation. The analysis is based on statistical interpretation of cross-tabulated data and supported by correlation and multivariate analysis techniques. Whilst perceptions of environmental change and utilisation constraints reflected the availability of the woody resource, the availability of household resources - particularly labour - influenced household collection and tree-planting strategies. The findings of the research indicate that socio-economic, as opposed to physical, supply constraints influence the patterns of woodland utilisation between and within household types. Resource availability and seasonality exacerbate the household differentiation, reducing the capacity of the poorer, smaller and female-headed households to adapt. The 25-month monitoring of firewood and woodland food utilisation revealed the extent of the intra-household division of labour, which was largely manifested along the lines of either age class or gender. Modelling the results of firewood collection indicated that whilst the wife remained the main collector, the relative labour supply elasticity of the household members to collection related to the marginal valuation of their labour. This was shown to be influenced by season, gender, social differentiation and employment opportunity.
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Woollen, Emily Skovmand. "Carbon dynamics of African miombo woodlands : from the leaf to the landscape." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11676.

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Africa’s carbon (C) cycle is one of the least well understood components of the global C cycle. Miombo woodlands are the most common woodland type in southern Africa, but despite their vast extent and importance in the biogeochemical cycles of Africa, their C dynamics are not well understood. This thesis addresses a set of science questions related to miombo woodland C dynamics that cover a range of scales, from the leaf to the landscape. The questions are related to seasonal controls on C uptake at the leaf level, to spatial distributions and scales of variation of C stocks in the landscape, and to the drivers and spatial patterns of deforestation and degradation at the regional scale. In miombo woodlands, the seasonality of productivity remains poorly understood, and it is unclear whether stomatal limitations or variations in leaf traits cause seasonal changes in productivity. I use data of leaf gas exchange and leaf traits collected in dry and wet seasons to assess the response of photosynthesis to seasonality. I found a large degree of inter-specific responses, where photosynthetic capacity was maintained between seasons in some tree species but not in others. This was linked to inter-specific stomatal regulation on leaf gas exchange, access to soil water and varied leaf traits, indicating differing timing of leaf development during the dry season. Differing timing of leaf flushing can create niche separation, facilitating the co-existence of miombo woodland tree species. I use data collected along a 5 km transect through miombo woodland to characterise the spatial distributions and scales of variation of C stocks in woody biomass and soils, and assess the links between them. I found that on the scale of a few meters, soil C stocks varied in relation to soil texture. At the kilometre scale, surface soil and woody C stocks were coupled, and varied in relation to topography. By understanding the scales of variation I was able to make recommendations for optimal sampling of C stocks in a miombo woodland landscape for improved C stock assessments. I developed and tested a simple spatial model of deforestation and degradation, using a rule-based approach, to produce risk maps of areas more likely to be affected by deforestation and degradation for a study site in central Mozambique. I found that my model was able to accurately predict the locality of high risk areas, and that roads were the major axis for forest biomass loss. Risk maps created from this method are useful for exploring the drivers of deforestation and degradation in a region dominated by miombo woodland, and for targeting policy and management efforts. Overall, this thesis has contributed significantly to our understanding of natural and human driven miombo woodland C dynamics over a range of scales, from the leaf to the landscape. In the final chapter, I discuss the implications of each chapter for our understanding of miombo woodland C dynamics, and suggest areas for further research.
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Abbot, Joanne Irene Olive. "Rural subsistence and protected areas : community use of the Miombo woodlands of Lake Malawi National Park." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349603/.

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This study examines the utilisation of miombo woodland by fishing communities in Lake Malawi National Park (LMNP). Combining methodologies from the natural and social sciences, patterns of use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and the impact of harvesting practices on the resource base, are described. The main focus is the commercial and subsistence use of primary woodland resources including: fuelwood, construction materials and grass thatch. Aerial photographic analysis and a quadrat based vegetation survey are used to examine the impact of local utilisation practices on the miombo woodland. Multivariate analyses assess the importance of different environmental variables in explaining the floristic composition of the woodland vegetation. A range of NTFPs are used locally but market surveys indicate that few products are traded outside the villages. A marketing analysis suggests that urban trade is constrained by the low economic value of woodland resources compared to the high cost of rural transport. Specific patterns of collection and use are apparent for each resource. This thesis explores the impact of different harvesting practices on the miombo woodlands. Using household surveys and time allocation, the effects of children on patterns of wood collection and use are examined. The role of daughters in fuelwood collection is discussed in relation to theories of fertility and family size. Furthermore, behavioural ecology approaches are used to examine the decision making in wood collection. This research provides a useful framework for investigating resource use because it combines concurrent studies of village and woodland communities. The quantitative and rigorous approach enables the factors that influence resource use, and their impact, to be defined. This study contributes to theories of conservation and the practice of integrated management of natural resources. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the importance of woodland resources to the subsistence strategies of rural communities within a protected area system.
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Ryan, Casey Merlin. "Carbon cycling, fire and phenology in a tropical savanna woodland in Nhambita, Mozambique." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4345.

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In the savanna woodlands of Southern Africa, locally know as miombo, carbon cycling is poorly quantified and many of the key processes remain obscure. For example, seasonal constraints on productivity and leaf display are not well understood. Also, fire is known to be a key process, with around 50% of the annual global area burned occurring in Africa, but detailed understanding of its ecological effects is lacking. Land use change and woodland degradation are changing the structure and functioning of these tropical woodlands, which cover 2.7 million km2 of Southern Africa and provide ecosystem services which support the livelihoods of over 100 million people. In this thesis I quantify the major carbon stocks of the woodlands in Nhambita Regulado, Gorongosa District in Sofala Province, Mozambique. I also examine processes that affect these stocks, including fire and clearance for agriculture. Furthermore, I quantify the seasonal cycle of leaf display, and its relationship to climate. I conducted a series of experimental burns and found that fire intensity was strongly related to rates of top-kill and root stock mortality. Top-kill rates decreased as tree diameter increased up to 10 cm DBH. After this point increased size did not affect top-kill rates, possibly because of accumulated wounds and rottenness. I then extrapolated these results to long term predictions of tree populations and carbon stocks by modelling the interactions of fire, mortality and tree growth. The model was able to successfully predict woody vegetation structure at two sites with known fire regimes, including a 50-year fire experiment in Marondera, Zimbabwe. The results show that annual fires in miombo suppress all woody vegetation. Low intensity fires every 2.5 years are required to maintain observed stem biomass in Nhambita. High intensity fires lead to high top-kill rates (12%), even among large stems. Manipulating fire intensity rather than frequency seems to be the most practical approach to limiting degradation by fire in these ecosystems. Using a three year time series of hemispherical photographs of the tree canopy, combined with satellite data, I find that tree leaf phenology is not directly related to seasonal rainfall patterns, both in Nhambita and across Southern Africa. Pre-rain green-up is the dominant phenology, from the semi arid savannas of the south of the continent to the wet miombo of the Congo basin. Wet miombo woodlands have longer periods of green-up before rain onset (mean 60 days) compared with dry miombo (37 days). Green up-dates show little interannual variability but large spatial variability. The importance of pre-rain green-up in determining how these ecosystems will respond to changing rainfall patterns is unknown, but is an important area for future study. I quantified carbon stocks in the Nhambita woodlands in the soil (69% of total carbon stocks of 111 tC ha-1), tree stems (19%) and roots (8%) as well as other smaller pools. An allometric relationship between root and stem biomass and stem diameter was developed, and used to evaluate the uncertainties in stem carbon estimation at plot and landscape scale. We find that the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) at plot scale can be quite large (60% of the mean) but this is reduced to around 25% at landscape scale. Strategies for effective inventories of miombo woodland are presented. Using a chronosequence of abandoned farmland, we estimate that stem biomass recovers from clearance after around 30 years of abandonment. Changes in soil carbon stocks are less well understood and need further work. This thesis concludes by outlining further work needed to model the carbon cycle of these woodlands, as well as discussing the implication of pre-rain green-up for satellite observations of land cover changes and biomass mapping.
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Grundy, Isla Mary. "Regeneration and management of Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. and Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin in Miombo woodland, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2207086c-328c-4200-a243-f1391be3b1ce.

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Miombo is dry deciduous woodland dominated by leguminous tree species, covering a significant area of Africa south of the equator, including large parts of Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This woodland type reaches its driest, most species-poor limit in Zimbabwe. Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardia globiflora are the two main dominants of the drier form of miombo. Miombo woodland represents a rich and diverse resource base for small-scale farmers throughout the region, the importance of which has been ignored in the past by managers and policy-makers. The development of sustainable management strategies for this resource has therefore been hampered by a lack of knowledge. For this reason, the overall objective of this research was to define the basis for sustainable management of these woodlands, firstly by developing techniques for measuring biomass and monitoring woody growth; secondly, by examining the effect of site conditions on productivity; and thirdly, by investigating biological and social aspects of the management of these woodlands. This research has found that good estimations of standing wood biomass of these two species can be derived from diameter and stem length measurements, thus providing woodland managers with a means of assessing the standing stock. The finding that B. spiciformis forms annual rings can be used in ageing the trees, projecting future yields more accurately, as well as monitoring the effects of management on growth. In the investigation of the effects of climatic and edaphic conditions on tree growth, soil depth was found to have the greatest influence, followed by mean annual rainfall and clay content. Dominant height was found to be the best morphological variable to estimate site potential, in the absence of detailed studies of soil characteristics. The experimental findings from silvicultural trials have important implications for management. Regrowth from coppice stools was vigorous even in dry years, and greatest from medium to large stools. Productivity in general was extremely variable, both of coppiced and uncoppiced trees, due to site effects. The most productive sites are also potentially the best for agriculture and are therefore unlikely to be left exclusively for woodland management. The silvicultural techniques of coppice reduction and water harvesting were not found to enhance coppice regrowth. Browsing by livestock was found to severely reduce coppice regrowth, particularly of J. globiflora, at least in the initial stages, so that protection from browsing in the first year or two after felling is recommended if maximum regrowth is desired. An assessment of the use and management of the indigenous wood resources in a resettlement area in central Zimbabwe suggests that the present harvesting of wood products is unsustainable, due largely to the lack of any woodland management policy for these areas. Local villagers feel powerless to exclude outsiders from their resource, and thus the incentives to manage it sustainably are low. Major changes in government legislation are necessary to alter this situation. In the interim, resource-sharing schemes are suggested as a method of improving the sustainability of use. Some of the results reported here have a direct application in miombo management; these are summarised at the end of this work in the form of guidelines for management. Others identify the need for further work to expand these initial findings. One of the outcomes of this research has been the reminder of how little is known of the appropriate management of this important vegetation type.
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Vermeulen, Sonja Joy. "Distribution of mistletoes in a patchy habitat." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11219.

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Gou, Yaqing. "Analysing the spatial pattern of deforestation and degradation in miombo woodland : methodological issues and practical solutions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31456.

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Although much emphasis has been given to the analysis of continuous forest conversion in tropical regions, our understanding in detecting, mapping and interpreting the spatial pattern of woodland deforestation and degradation is still limited. This thesis focuses on two factors contributing to this limitation: uncertainties in retrieving woodland change from remote sensing imagery, and the complex processes that may cause woodland deforestation and degradation. Firstly, I investigate approaches to minimising uncertainty in ALOS PALSAR-derived biomass maps by modifying a widely used processing chain, with the aim of provide recommendations for producing radar-based biomass maps with reduced uncertainty. Secondly, to further improve the retrieval of woody biomass from ALOS PALSAR imagery, the semi-empirical Water Cloud Model (WCM) is introduced to account for backscattering from soil. In wooded areas with low canopy (such as the miombo woodland which dominates the study area) the effect from soil moisture on the received backscattered signal is critical. Thirdly, based on the biomass maps retrieved from the refined radar-remote-sensing-based methodology discussed above, the influence of driving variables of the woodland deforestation and degradation, and how they alter the spatial patterns of these two processes, are analysed. The threshold for defining woodland deforestation and degradation in terms of biomass loss intensity is generated through integration of radar-based biomass loss maps, an optical forest cover change map and fieldwork investigation. Multi-linear model simulations of the spatial variation of deforestation and degradation events were constructed at a district and 1 km resolution respectively to rank the relative importance of driving variables. Results suggest that biomass-backscatter relationships based on plots of approximately 1 ha, and processed with high resolution DEMs, are needed for low uncertainty biomass maps using ALOS PALSAR data. Although plots sizes of 0.1 - 0.5 ha lead to large uncertainties, aggregating 0.1 ha plots into larger calibration sites shows some promise even in hilly terrain, potentially opening up the use of common forest inventory data to calibrate remote-sensing-based biomass retrieval models. Such relationships appear to hold across the miombo woodland ecoregion, which implies that there is a consistent relationship at least in the miombo woodland. From this I infer that random error, different processing methods and fitting techniques, and data from small plots are the source of the differences in the savanna biomass-backscatter relationships seen in the literature. The interpreted WCM presented in this study for L-band backscatter at HV polarisation improves biomass retrieval for areas with a biomass value less than 15 tC/ha (or 0.025 m2/m2 in backscatter). Use of the WCM also results in better quality regional biomass mosaics. This is because the WCM helped to improve the correlation of biomass estimation for overlay areas by reducing bias between adjacent paths, especially the bias introduced by changes in soil moisture conditions between different acquisition dates for different paths. Result shows that active and combined soil moisture datasets (from the Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture Dataset) can be used as effective soil moisture proxies in the WCM for biomass retrieval. This quantitative analysis on the driving variables of woodland deforestation and degradation suggests that large uncertainty exists in modelling the occurrence of deforestation and degradation, especially at a 1 km scale. The spatial patterns of woodland deforestation and degradation differ in terms of shape, size, intensity, and location. Agriculture-related driving variables account for most of the explained variance in deforestation, whereas for degradation, distance to settlements also plays an important role. Deforestation happens regardless of the original biomass levels, while degradation is likely to happen at high biomass areas. The sizes of degradation events are significantly smaller than those of deforestation events, with 90% of deforestation events sharing boundaries with degradation events. This thesis concludes by outlining the importance and difficulties in integrating 'distal' (underlying) drivers in modelling the spatial dynamics of deforestation and degradation. Further work on the causal connection between deforestation and degradation is also needed. The processing chain and biomass retrieval models presented in this study could be used to support monitoring and analysis of biomass change elsewhere in the tropics, and should be compatible with data derived from ALOS-2 and the future SAOCOM and BIOMASS satellite missions.
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Iida, Eriko. "Behavioral and ecological studies of bush hyraxes (Heterohyrax brucei) in miombo woodland, Ugalla area, western Tanzania." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200487.

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Books on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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Dewees, P. A. Social and economical aspects of Miombo woodland management on Southern Africa: Options and opportunities for research.. Jakarta: Center for International Forestry Research, 1994.

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N, Nemarundwe, Matose Frank, and University of Zimbabwe. Centre for Applied Social Sciences., eds. Conflict and conflict resolution in the management of miombo woodlands: Three case studies of miombo woodlands in Zimbabwe. Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 2001.

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Varmola, M. Research and development for sustainable management of semi-arid miombo woodlands in East Africa. Vantaa: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008.

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Lowore, J. D. Stackwood volume estimations for miombo woodlands in Malawi. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1993.

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Lowore, J. D. Coppice regeneration in some miombo woodlands of Malawi. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1999.

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International Workshop on Miombo Woodlands in the New Millennium: Trends, Uses, and their Role in Sustainable Development (2001 Chimoio, Manica District, Mozambique). Miombo woodlands in the new millennium: Trends, uses, and their role in sustainable development : Miombo Network--FAO international workshop. [Maputo]: Miombo Network, 2001.

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Buckle, Catherine. History of the Mukuvisi Woodlands: 1910-2010. Harare, Zimbabwe: Mukuvisi Woodlands Association, 2010.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Yemi Katerere, Paxie W. Chirwa, and Isla M. Grundy, eds. Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4.

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Makungwa, S. D. Estimation of standing crop in miombo woodlands: A case study of Liwonde Forest Reserve. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1999.

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Msangi, Rashid B. R. A comparison of native and introduced browse species for dry season feeding of goats in the Miombo woodland of western Tanzania. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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Ruvuga, Peter Rogers, Ismail Said Selemani, and Anthony Zozimus Sangeda. "Ecological Sustainability: Miombo Woodland Conservation with Livestock Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Climate Change Management, 237–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12974-3_11.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Pedro L. Silva de Miranda, and Jonathan Timberlake. "Biogeography and Ecology of Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 9–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_2.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Isla M. Grundy, Francisco M. P. Gonçalves, Isabel Moura, Maria J. Santos, Judith Kamoto, Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros, and Edson Gandiwa. "People in the Miombo Woodlands: Socio-Ecological Dynamics." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 55–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_3.

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Zulu, Leo C., Judith F. M. Kamoto, Ida N. S. Djenontin, Aires A. Mbanze, Cuthbert Kambanje, and Yemi Katerere. "Governance and Institutional Arrangements for Sustainable Management of Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 139–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_5.

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Dziba, Luthando, Abel Ramoelo, Casey Ryan, Sam Harrison, Rose Pritchard, Hemant Tripathi, Nadia Sitas, et al. "Scenarios for Just and Sustainable Futures in the Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 191–234. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_6.

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Syampungani, Stephen, Paxie W. Chirwa, Coert J. Geldenhuys, Ferdinand Handavu, Mwale Chishaleshale, Alfan A. Rija, Aires A. Mbanze, and Natasha S. Ribeiro. "Managing Miombo: Ecological and Silvicultural Options for Sustainable Socio-Economic Benefits." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 101–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_4.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Yemi Katerere, Paxie W. Chirwa, and Isla M. Grundy. "Introduction." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_1.

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K. Nkwabi, Ally, John K. Bukombe, Hamza K. Kija, Steven D. Liseki, Sood A. Ndimuligo, and Pius Y. Kavana. "Avifauna in Relation to Habitat Disturbance in Wildlife Management Areas of the Ruvuma Miombo Ecosystem, Southern Tanzania." In Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97332.

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Understanding of relative distribution of avifauna provides insights for the conservation and management of wildlife in the community managed areas. This study examined relative diversity, abundance, and distribution of avifauna in selected habitat types across five Wildlife Management Areas of the Ruvuma landscape in miombo vegetation, southern Tanzania. Five habitat types were surveyed during the study: farmland, swamps, riverine forest, dense and open woodland. Transect lines, mist-netting, and point count methods were used to document 156 species of birds in the study sites. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare species richness and diversity across habitat types. We found differences in avifaunal species distribution in the study area whereby farmland had the highest abundance of avifauna species and lowest in the riverine forest. These results suggest that variations of avifauna species abundance, diversity, and distribution could be attributed by human activities across habitat types; due to the reason that habitats with less human encroachment had good species diversity and richness. Therefore, to improve avitourism and avoid local extinction of species, we urge for prompt action to mitigate species loss by creating awareness in the adjacent community through conservation education on the importance of protecting such biodiversity resources.
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Moura, Isabel, Ivete Maquia, Alfan A. Rija, Natasha Ribeiro, and Ana Isabel Ribeiro-Barros. "Biodiversity Studies in Key Species from the African Mopane and Miombo Woodlands." In Genetic Diversity. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66845.

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Ribeiro, Natasha Sofia, Stephen Syampungani, Nalukui M. Matakala, David Nangoma, and Ana Isabel Ribeiro-Barros. "Miombo Woodlands Research Towards the Sustainable Use of Ecosystem Services in Southern Africa." In Biodiversity in Ecosystems - Linking Structure and Function. InTech, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59288.

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Conference papers on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Gregory S. Okin, Herman H. Shugart, and Robert J. Swap. "The influence of rainfall, vegetation, elephants and people on fire frequency of miombo woodlands, Northern Mozambique." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417378.

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Reports on the topic "Miombo woodland"

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L., German, Schoneveld G., Wertz-Kanounnikoff S., and Gumbo D. Chinese trade and investment and its impacts on forests: A scoping study in the miombo woodlands. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003729.

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L., German, Schoneveld G., Wertz-Kanounnikoff S., and Gumbo D. Chinese trade and investment and its impacts on forests: A scoping study in the miombo woodlands [Chinese]. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005543.

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