Relevant bibliographies by topics / Miombo woodlands

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Academic literature on the topic 'Miombo woodlands'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, Y. M. Ngaga, and Angelingis A. Makatta. "The Land Use and Cover Change in Miombo Woodlands under Community Based Forest Management and Its Implication to Climate Change Mitigation: A Case of Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/459102.

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In Tanzania, miombo woodland is the most significant forest vegetation with both ecological and socioeconomic importance. The vegetation has been threatened from land use and cover change due to unsustainable utilization. Over the past two decades, community based forest management (CBFM) has been practiced to address the problem. Given the current need to mitigate global climate change, little is known on the influence of CBFM to the land use and cover change in miombo woodlands and therefore compromising climate change mitigation strategies. This study explored the dynamic of land use and covers change and biomass due to CBFM and established the implication to climate change mitigation. The study revealed increasing miombo woodland cover density with decreasing unsustainable utilization. The observed improvement in cover density and biomass provides potential for climate change mitigation strategies. CBFM also developed solidarity, cohesion, and social control of miombo woodlands illegal extraction. This further enhances permanence, reduces leakage, and increases accountability requirement for carbon credits. Collectively with these promising results, good land use plan at village level and introduction of alternative income generating activities can be among the best options to further reduce land use change and biomass loss in miombo woodlands.
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Godlee, John L., Francisco Maiato Gonçalves, José João Tchamba, Antonio Valter Chisingui, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Casey M. Ryan, Thom K. Brade, and Kyle G. Dexter. "Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040140.

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Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.
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Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, and Y. M. Ngaga. "Management, Growth, and Carbon Storage in Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629317.

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Despite the local livelihoods support function provided by miombo woodlands of Tanzania under participatory forest management, its growth still has potential for carbon storage and sequestration attractive to REDD+ initiatives. This study has revealed the average growth to be significant, despite the local community livelihoods support function. However, climate change mitigation strategy needs to be more innovative to optimize carbon storage and local livelihoods’ potentials in forest-dependent communities like miombo woodlands. Carbon credits resulting from the increased carbon stock and sequestration should contribute to sustainable development. This should also help promote participatory forest management and secure miombo woodland products and services upon which billions of people depend.
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Rannestad, Meley Mekonen, and Tigist Araya Gessesse. "Deforestation and Subsequent Cultivation of Nutrient Poor Soils of Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania: Long Term Effect on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrients." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104113.

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The miombo woodlands of Tanzania have continued to be subjected to deforestation due to mainly agricultural expansion. Knowledge of long-term productivity of the subsequent land use can help to evaluate the sustainability of the existing land management systems. We used both socioeconomic and soil survey data to assess maize yield and selected soil properties, respectively, with an increasing cultivation period since conversion from miombo woodland. Data on maize production was collected from 121 households in three villages, while soil sampling was undertaken on 15 plots in one of the study villages. Soil samples were taken from miombo woodland and from croplands with cultivation periods varying from two to 52 years. Samples were taken at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths and analyzed for the major plant nutrients. According to the results of the socioeconomic data analysis, continued cultivation of former miombo woodlands does not have a significant effect on maize yield. The results of the soil analysis also showed that the major plant nutrients on farmlands in both soil layers did not show a significant change from the adjacent miombo woodland and did not decline with increasing cultivation period. This indicates that the current farming system can maintain the levels of the major plant nutrients and thus soil productivity.
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Bulusu, Medha, Christopher Martius, and Jessica Clendenning. "Carbon Stocks in Miombo Woodlands: Evidence from over 50 Years." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070862.

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Miombo woodlands are extensive dry forest ecosystems in central and southern Africa covering ≈2.7 million km2. Despite their vast expanse and global importance for carbon storage, the long-term carbon stocks and dynamics have been poorly researched. The objective of this paper was to present and summarize the evidence gathered on aboveground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of miombo woodlands from the 1960s to mid-2018 through a literature review. We reviewed the data to find out to what extent aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon stocks are found in miombo woodlands and further investigated if are there differences in carbon stocks based on woodland categories (old-growth, disturbed and re-growth). A review protocol was used to identify 56 publications from which quantitative data on AGC and SOC stocks were extracted. We found that the mean AGC in old-growth miombo (45.8 ± 17.8 Mg C ha−1), disturbed miombo (26.7 ± 15 Mg C ha−1), and regrowth miombo (18.8 ± 16.8 Mg C ha−1) differed significantly. Data on rainfall, stand age, and land-use suggested that the variability in aboveground carbon is site-specific, relating to climatic and geographic conditions as well as land-use history. SOC stocks in both old-growth and re-growth miombo were found to vary widely. It must be noted these soil data are provided only for information; they inconsistently refer to varying soil depths and are thus difficult to interpret. The wide range reported suggests a need for further studies which are much more systematic in method and reporting. Other limitations of the dataset include the lack of systematic sampling and lack of data in some countries, viz. Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Mercader, Julio, Tim Bennett, Chris Esselmont, Steven Simpson, and Dale Walde. "Soil phytoliths from miombo woodlands in Mozambique." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.008.

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AbstractThis paper describes topsoil phytolith assemblages from 25 loci underneath miombo woodlands on an eco-transect intersecting the Mozambican Rift along a geographical, altitudinal, climatic and botanical gradient. We provide the first comprehensive overview of the phytolith spectrum that defines northern Mozambique's Zambezian floristic zone. Our classifying criteria derive from comparison with previously described and quantified reference collections of trees and grasses growing in the study area. We characterize the sedimentological and soil features of the matrices where phytoliths are found, establishing correlation among geo-edaphic variables and phytoliths. Descriptive statistics along with nonparametric and parametric statistical analyses evaluate phytolith grouping criteria, variation, robustness, and membership. From a taphonomic perspective, we attest that topsoil phytolith assemblages are polygenic and do not represent an episodic snapshot of extant vegetation, but a palimpsest from plants representing various disturbance episodes, succession stages, and ecological trends. Phytoliths retrieved from Mozambican miombo soils do not seem to trace altitudinal, temperature, or precipitation gradients, and no significant differences exist between highland and lowland phytolith assemblages. This article provides a phytolith analog for woodland environments that can guide future paleoenvironmental research. It also confirms that phytolith analysis is able to detect shifts in the woodland/grassland interface.
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Shirima, Deo D., Ørjan Totland, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, and Stein R. Moe. "Does the abundance of dominant trees affect diversity of a widespread tropical woodland ecosystem in Tanzania?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000231.

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Abstract:Dominant woody species can determine the structure and composition of a plant community by affecting environmental conditions experienced by other species. We explored how dominant tree species affect the tree species richness, diversity, evenness and vertical structural heterogeneity of non-dominant species in wet and dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania. We sampled 146 plots from eight districts with miombo woodlands, covering a wide range of topographic and climatic conditions. We recorded 217 woody plant species belonging to 48 families and 122 genera. Regression analysis showed significant negative linear associations between tree species richness, relative species profile index of the non-dominant and the relative abundance of the dominant tree species (Brachystegia spiciformis and Brachystegia microphylla in wet, and Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardia globiflora in dry miombo woodlands). Shannon diversity and evenness had strong non-linear negative relationships with relative abundance of dominant tree species. A large number of small individual stems from dominant and non-dominant tree species suggesting good regeneration conditions, and intensive competition affecting survival. We suggest that dominant miombo tree species are suppressing the non-dominant miombo tree species, especially in areas with high recruitments, perhaps because of their important adaptive features (extensive root systems and ectomycorrhizal associations), which enhance their ability to access limited nutrients.
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Maquia, Ivete, Silvia Catarino, Ana R. Pena, Denise R. A. Brito, Natasha S. Ribeiro, Maria M. Romeiras, and Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros. "Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo–Mopane Woodlands." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060182.

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The southern African Miombo and Mopane ecoregions constitute a unique repository of plant diversity whose diversification and evolutionary history is still understudied. In this work, we assessed the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes within the Zambezian phytoregion. Data were retrieved from several plant and gene databases and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genetic barcodes. Seventy-eight species (74 from Miombo and 23 from Mopane, 19 common to both ecoregions) have been scored. Species diversity was high within both ecoregions, but information about the actual conservation status is scarce and available only for ca. 15% of the species. Results of phylogenetic analyses were consistent with current legume classification but did not allow us to draw any conclusion regarding the evolutionary history of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes. Future studies are proposed to dissect the diversity and structure of key species in order to consolidate the network of conservation areas.
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Desanker, Paul V., and I. Colin Prentice. "MIOMBO — a vegetation dynamics model for the miombo woodlands on Zambezian Africa." Forest Ecology and Management 69, no. 1-3 (November 1994): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90221-6.

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Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, and Y. M. Ngaga. "Feasibility of Community Management of Miombo Woodlands for Carbon Project in Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Ecology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8965983.

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In response to the pressing global challenges of climate change, community based management of miombo woodlands in Tanzania is promoted for carbon credit project development. However, evidence on its feasibility is scanty and questionable. This study examined the economic feasibility of carbon credit project development in community based forest management (CBFM) using four similar miombo woodlands from Southern highlands. The analysis was based on 144 sample plots from managed woodlands and 100 plots from business as usual (BAU) (open access). Allometric equation was applied to convert biomass to carbon per hectare. Improved carbon stock was determined and its economic value ascertained based on global voluntary carbon markets. Project feasibility analysis was performed using discounted cash flow, internal rate of return, and benefits/costs methods. Annual opportunity cost and variable costs were subtracted from total revenue to obtain annual net profit. The annual rate of return on investment was calculated by dividing profits by total costs. It was revealed that carbon stock improved significantly in CBFM compared to BAU (P<5%). The improvement had positive net present value and benefit-cost ratio of 1.83. Moreover, sensitivity analysis showed that if any unexpected situation occurs, the project will still be of worthiness. The findings are useful to enrich the debate on carbon credit development under community based management of miombo woodlands in Tanzania.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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Wuta, Menas. "Nutrient dynamics in miombo woodlands in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27719.

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Miombo woodlands are tropical savanna formations dominated by genera Brachystegia, Julbernardia and Isoberlinia and are widespread in central and southern Africa. These woodlands are an important resource providing among other things, grazing and browse for livestock and wildlife, medicines for local people, food like mushroom and honey and timber for building and fuel. Understanding the structural and functional characteristics of miombo ecosystems and the factors affecting and controlling production is therefore important, both for their significance in understanding the environment and also for their value to local communities. In addition to soil moisture, herbivory and fire, soil nutrients are known to be an important determinant of savanna ecosystems. Nutrient dynamics have been studied at two Zimbabwean sites providing a range of representative miombo environments - the Henderson Research Station near Mazowe and the Mukuvisi Woodlands in Harare. The aim of the research has been to assess the major inputs and outputs of macronutrient nutrients (principally N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in miombo woodlands and to determine the effects of fire on nutrient cycling. The quantities of nutrients added in rainfall and throughfall were measured during the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 rainy seasons. Additions of mineral N in rainfall were 14.7 and 7.4 kg/ha/yr at the Mukuvisi Woodlands experimental sites for the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 rainy seasons respectively. Mineral N added at the Henderson Research Station experimental sites was 12.3 and 5.7 kg/ha/yr for the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 rainy seasons respectively. Cation input in rainfall was very low at Henderson compared to Mukuvisi, a result which can be explained by the high level of pollution in and around Harare. The amount of cations added during the 2000/2001 ranged from 0.8 to 7.8 kg/ha/yr and 0.2 to 1.2 kg/ha/yr for Mukuvisi Woodlands and Henderson Research Station experimental sites respectively, with K being the highest added in rainfall at both study areas. Nutrients were altered significantly by the canopy. Most of the N was absorbed and/or adsorbed whereas cations were significantly increased. Stem flow was measured only at Henderson Research Station sites and nutrient additions were very low (< 0.3 kg/ha/yr) compared to throughfall. Dominant miombo tree species were found to conserve nutrients by re-absorbing them from senescing leaves. Phosphorus had the largest percentage withdrawn for all the dominant tree species and this ranged from 48 to 75 % of the total P in mature leaves (in November 1999). Total N, K and Mg withdrawn ranged from 22 to 33, 22 to 31 and 12 to 21 % respectively. Litterfall at the study sites ranged from 2.20 to 4.44 t/ha/yr. Litterfall (< 2 cm) is the largest nutrient cycling pathway in miombo woodlands, transferring between 36.6 to 65.2 kg N/ha/yr; 5.5 to 10.2 kg P/ha/yr; 15.3 to 26.7 kg K/ha/yr; 28.7 to 53.8 kg Ca/ha/yr; 4.9 to 8.6 kg Mg/ha/yr and 1.2 to 2.1 kg Na/ha/yr to the woodland floor. Litter decomposition was faster at the Henderson sites where there is evidence of high termite activity. K and Na were released fastest from decomposing litter compared to other nutrients. Nutrients leached from miombo soils were in the order K (1.24-2.52 kg/ha/yr) > N03_-N (1.11-2.30 kg/ha/yr) > Ca (0.82-1.49 kg/ha/yr) > NH4+-N (0.39-0.83 kg/ha/yr) > Na (0.28-0.54 kg/ha/yr) ≈ Mg (0.32-0.52 kg/ha/yr). Potassium was the most easily leached nutrient from litter and it was also found to be the highest cation in leachate collected from 100 cm depth. Losses of N in the form of N2O were also measured and were found to range from 0.29 to 0.60 kg/ha/yr and 0.27 to 0.62 kg/ha/yr at Mukuvisi Woodlands and Henderson Research Station experimental areas respectively. Compared to nutrient additions, losses through this pathway are low. Early burning resulted in loss of nutrients N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Na from herbaceous vegetation and, from litter, only N was lost in significant amounts. From the study it can be concluded that rainfall is an important nutrient input. Throughfall also contributes substantially to nutrients added to soils in miombo woodlands especially bases. The results from this study seem to indicate that miombo woodlands cycle nutrients efficiently with minimum losses. The internal nutrient cycling comprising mainly litterfall is able to re-circulate the largest proportion of nutrients. Losses through gaseous N20 emissions and leaching losses relative to the sum of throughfall and stem flow were found to be low. Fire resulted in some nutrient losses confirming the hypothesis that burning miombo woodlands results in significant loss of nutrients.
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Bowers, Samuel Jonathan. "Fire dynamics and carbon cycling in miombo woodlands." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28804.

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Savannah ecosystems play a prominent role in the global carbon (C) cycle, yet fluxes are poorly quantified, and the key processes regulating vegetation dynamics are uncertain. Insight is particularly deficient in southern Africa’s miombo woodlands, a woody savannah that is home to over 100 million people. This biome is heavily disturbed, with widespread deforestation and degradation associated with agriculture, charcoal and timber extraction, and frequent fires from anthropogenic sources. In this thesis I combine plot inventory data with remote sensing and modelling techniques to improve our understanding of the miombo woodland C cycle. Using a network of forest inventory plots, I characterise floristic and functional diversity in a savannah-forest mosaic in southeastern Tanzania. Divergent vegetation structures are associated with variation in fire frequency, water supply, and soil chemo-physical properties. Corresponding differences are noted in fire resilience, water-use, and nutrient acquisition plant functional traits, suggesting that multiple interrelated environmental filters act to assemble heterogeneous tree communities. Re-inventory of forest plots was used to quantify key aspects of the woody C cycle. Tree growth rates are slow, calling for careful management of woodland resources, and significantly reduced where stems were damaged. Stem mortality is rare, though elevated in the smallest trees and where damage was recorded. Contemporary strategies to incentivise the conservation of miombo woodland ecosystems, such as the REDD+ programme of the United Nations, advocate payments for sustaining ecosystem services such as C sequestration. I report on a pilot REDD+ project aiming to reduce woodland degradation from frequent high intensity fires in southeastern Tanzania. Model simulations suggest that woody biomass is being gradually lost from the region, and that setting early season fires has the potential to reverse this trend. Realising substantial changes in C storage requires a demanding reduction to late fire frequency, and uncertainty in model predictions remains high. I quantify the C cycle of southern African woodlands by combining observational data with a diagnostic C cycle model under a model-data fusion framework. Model outputs show substantial variation in primary production, C allocation patterns, and foliar and canopy traits, which are associated with differences in woody cover, fire, and precipitation properties. C cycle dynamics correspond poorly to conventional land cover maps, indicating they may be unsuited to upscaling measurements and models of the terrestrial C cycle.
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Lusambo, Leopold Pascal. "Economics of household energy in miombo woodlands of eastern and southern Tanzania." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506171.

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Woollen, Emily Skovmand. "Carbon dynamics of African miombo woodlands : from the leaf to the landscape." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11676.

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Africa’s carbon (C) cycle is one of the least well understood components of the global C cycle. Miombo woodlands are the most common woodland type in southern Africa, but despite their vast extent and importance in the biogeochemical cycles of Africa, their C dynamics are not well understood. This thesis addresses a set of science questions related to miombo woodland C dynamics that cover a range of scales, from the leaf to the landscape. The questions are related to seasonal controls on C uptake at the leaf level, to spatial distributions and scales of variation of C stocks in the landscape, and to the drivers and spatial patterns of deforestation and degradation at the regional scale. In miombo woodlands, the seasonality of productivity remains poorly understood, and it is unclear whether stomatal limitations or variations in leaf traits cause seasonal changes in productivity. I use data of leaf gas exchange and leaf traits collected in dry and wet seasons to assess the response of photosynthesis to seasonality. I found a large degree of inter-specific responses, where photosynthetic capacity was maintained between seasons in some tree species but not in others. This was linked to inter-specific stomatal regulation on leaf gas exchange, access to soil water and varied leaf traits, indicating differing timing of leaf development during the dry season. Differing timing of leaf flushing can create niche separation, facilitating the co-existence of miombo woodland tree species. I use data collected along a 5 km transect through miombo woodland to characterise the spatial distributions and scales of variation of C stocks in woody biomass and soils, and assess the links between them. I found that on the scale of a few meters, soil C stocks varied in relation to soil texture. At the kilometre scale, surface soil and woody C stocks were coupled, and varied in relation to topography. By understanding the scales of variation I was able to make recommendations for optimal sampling of C stocks in a miombo woodland landscape for improved C stock assessments. I developed and tested a simple spatial model of deforestation and degradation, using a rule-based approach, to produce risk maps of areas more likely to be affected by deforestation and degradation for a study site in central Mozambique. I found that my model was able to accurately predict the locality of high risk areas, and that roads were the major axis for forest biomass loss. Risk maps created from this method are useful for exploring the drivers of deforestation and degradation in a region dominated by miombo woodland, and for targeting policy and management efforts. Overall, this thesis has contributed significantly to our understanding of natural and human driven miombo woodland C dynamics over a range of scales, from the leaf to the landscape. In the final chapter, I discuss the implications of each chapter for our understanding of miombo woodland C dynamics, and suggest areas for further research.
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Vinya, Royd. "Stem hydraulic architecture and xylem vulnerability to cavitation for miombo woodlands canopy tree species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9028b995-5379-4969-8a7b-59a7aa7ab533.

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Africa's miombo woodlands constitute one of the most important dry tropical forests on earth, yet the hydraulic function of these woodlands remains poorly researched. Given the current predictions of increased aridity by the end of this century in the miombo ecoregion, understanding the likely response of miombo woodlands tree species to water stress is crucial in planning adaptation strategies. Predicting the response of miombo woodlands to future climate trends is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the physiology of the common miombo woodlands tree species. In particular, plant-water relations for this woodlands type are not well understood. An understanding of plant-water relations for this woodlands type will provide insights into how water limits tree species distribution in this ecosystem. This will also improve our prediction model on the likely response of this ecosystem to predicted climate change. For this reason, the overall objective of this research was to evaluate the hydraulic architecture and xylem vulnerability to cavitation for nine principal miombo woodlands tree species differing in drought tolerance ability and habitat preference. This was achieved by; examining the hydraulic properties and evaluating the extent to which each hydraulic design was vulnerable to water stress-induced xylem cavitation; investigating how seasonal changes in plant-water relations influences seasonal patterns of leaf display and; analyzing the relationship between stem hydraulic supply and leaf functional traits related to drought tolerance ability. This research has found that drought-intolerant tree species with mesic specialization have more efficient stem hydraulic systems than co-occurring habitat broad ranging species. Broad ranging tree species attain wider habitat distribution by adjusting their hydraulic supply in response to changing ecosystem water availability. The finding that hydraulic properties differ significantly between tree species with contrasting habitat preference suggests that tree hydraulic design may have some adaptive ecological role in influencing species habitat preferences in miombo woodlands. The evaluation of xylem vulnerability to cavitation revealed that mesic specialized tree species were more vulnerable to water stress-induced cavitation than habitat broad ranging tree species. Vulnerability to cavitation in individuals from the same broad-ranging species growing in contrasting habitats showed only marginal and statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) differences between wet and dry sites. In the investigation of the influence of seasonal changes in stem water relations on seasonal leaf display, seasonal rhythms in stem water status were found to exert significant controls on leaf phenology. Mesic specialists had strong stem water controls throughout the year in comparison to broad ranging tree species. An analysis of the relationship between stem hydraulic supply and leaf functional traits suggests that stem hydraulic supply constrains leaf biomass allocation patterns among miombo tree species. Mesic specialists tend to invest more in leaf longevity than broad ranging tree species. This thesis has uncovered some interesting relationships between plant-water-relations and the distribution of miombo woodlands tree species. These results lead to the conclusion that in an event of increased ecosystem drying under future climate trends, tree species with mesic specialisation are at a greater risk of experiencing cavitation related species mortality than broad ranging ones.
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Cruz, Maria (Maria Regina Torres). "The impact of plant product harvesting on Derre Miombo woodlands, Mozambique / by Maria Cruz." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53124.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how information on plant products can be used to incorporate local users into joint forest management planning by developing guidelines for sustainable collaborative management in Derre miombo woodland in the Zambézia Province in Mozambique. From the participatory appraisal, it was found that 46 woody miombo species were used in the five villages for at least 29 different purposes. Five of these species (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea and Swartzia madagascariensis) were selected for analysis because of their multiple uses and the unknown impact of their harvesting on the future survival of those hardwood trees species. In order to determine the impact of human resource extraction on the forest and on the dynamics of tree canopy populations an inventory of woody plants was.carried out for two categories of forest land-use, namely selective harvesting and fallow land (approximately 15 years old). This was done for Golombe and Arame villages and for selective harvesting only for Mphoto village, on 23, I-ha random selected plots in the woodland adjacent to the three villages. The population structure of the five species T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii and B. spiciformis showed different trends in each of the three villages. Size class distribution of the first tree species gave evidence that the species were being harvested for building poles. This study has shown that, through plant species products, miombo contribute to the livelihoods of the local communities living in Derre woodlands. In this study it was found that usually more than one species were used for one product as well as most of the species being trees with multiple uses. This study has also provided some evidence that P. angolensis and S. madagascariensis can benefit from shifting cultivation and fire, which encourages coppice regeneration. More research is required to further validate this evidence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikhede wat inligting oor spesifieke plantprodukte bied, in die betrekking van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die proses van gesamentlike bosbestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke. Verder word riglyne opgestel aangaande die volhoubaarheid van die gesamentlike bestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke in die Derre miombo bosveld, in die Zambézia Provinsie in Mozambique. Inligting verkry vanuit die deelnemende opname dui aan dat in die vyf nedersettings wat ondersoek is, 46 houtagtige miombo spesies vir ten minste 29 verskillende doeleindes aangewend word. Vyf van die spesies (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea en Swartzia madagascariensis) is geselekteer vir gebruik in analises as gevolg van hul benutbaarheid deur plaaslike inwoners en die feit dat minimale inligting beskikbaar is oor die impak van gebruik van die harde hout spesies op hul volhoubare benutting en voortbestaan. 'n Opname van houtagtige spesies is uitgevoer in areas wat val in een van twee bosgrondgebruiks kategoriee nl. areas wat selektief geoes en benut word, en braaklande (ongeveer 15 jaar oud). Dit is gedoen om die impak wat verwydering van boshulpbronne deur mense op die boomkruin populasies het, vas te stel. Die opname strategie is gevolg in 23 ha persele, uitgelê in die gebiede wat die Golombe, Arame en Mphoto nedersettings omring - in die geval van laasgenoemde nedersetting is slegs die impak van selektiewe benutting ondersoek. Die populasie struktuur van die vyf studiespesies (T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii en B. spiciformis) het verkil vir elk van die drie nedersettings wat ondersoek is. Die verspreiding van grootte klasse vir die eerste spesie, het aangedui dat die spesie vir gebruik as konstruksie pale geoes word. Die miombo bosveld plantegroei-tipe dra by tot die lewensonderhoud van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die vorm van plant produkte, in die Derre omgewing. Daar is verder gevind dat meer as een spesie dikwels vir dieselfde doel aangewend kan word en die meeste van die spesies wat benut word is boomagtig met meer as een gebruik. In die studie is verder aanduidings gevind dat P. angolensis en S. madagascariensis kan baatvind by grondverbouings praktyke wat gereeld verskuif word en ook brande, omdat beide praktyke kreupelhout regenerasie stimuleer. Verdere navorsing word egter benodig om dié bevinding te ondersteun.
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Ryan, Casey Merlin. "Carbon cycling, fire and phenology in a tropical savanna woodland in Nhambita, Mozambique." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4345.

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In the savanna woodlands of Southern Africa, locally know as miombo, carbon cycling is poorly quantified and many of the key processes remain obscure. For example, seasonal constraints on productivity and leaf display are not well understood. Also, fire is known to be a key process, with around 50% of the annual global area burned occurring in Africa, but detailed understanding of its ecological effects is lacking. Land use change and woodland degradation are changing the structure and functioning of these tropical woodlands, which cover 2.7 million km2 of Southern Africa and provide ecosystem services which support the livelihoods of over 100 million people. In this thesis I quantify the major carbon stocks of the woodlands in Nhambita Regulado, Gorongosa District in Sofala Province, Mozambique. I also examine processes that affect these stocks, including fire and clearance for agriculture. Furthermore, I quantify the seasonal cycle of leaf display, and its relationship to climate. I conducted a series of experimental burns and found that fire intensity was strongly related to rates of top-kill and root stock mortality. Top-kill rates decreased as tree diameter increased up to 10 cm DBH. After this point increased size did not affect top-kill rates, possibly because of accumulated wounds and rottenness. I then extrapolated these results to long term predictions of tree populations and carbon stocks by modelling the interactions of fire, mortality and tree growth. The model was able to successfully predict woody vegetation structure at two sites with known fire regimes, including a 50-year fire experiment in Marondera, Zimbabwe. The results show that annual fires in miombo suppress all woody vegetation. Low intensity fires every 2.5 years are required to maintain observed stem biomass in Nhambita. High intensity fires lead to high top-kill rates (12%), even among large stems. Manipulating fire intensity rather than frequency seems to be the most practical approach to limiting degradation by fire in these ecosystems. Using a three year time series of hemispherical photographs of the tree canopy, combined with satellite data, I find that tree leaf phenology is not directly related to seasonal rainfall patterns, both in Nhambita and across Southern Africa. Pre-rain green-up is the dominant phenology, from the semi arid savannas of the south of the continent to the wet miombo of the Congo basin. Wet miombo woodlands have longer periods of green-up before rain onset (mean 60 days) compared with dry miombo (37 days). Green up-dates show little interannual variability but large spatial variability. The importance of pre-rain green-up in determining how these ecosystems will respond to changing rainfall patterns is unknown, but is an important area for future study. I quantified carbon stocks in the Nhambita woodlands in the soil (69% of total carbon stocks of 111 tC ha-1), tree stems (19%) and roots (8%) as well as other smaller pools. An allometric relationship between root and stem biomass and stem diameter was developed, and used to evaluate the uncertainties in stem carbon estimation at plot and landscape scale. We find that the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) at plot scale can be quite large (60% of the mean) but this is reduced to around 25% at landscape scale. Strategies for effective inventories of miombo woodland are presented. Using a chronosequence of abandoned farmland, we estimate that stem biomass recovers from clearance after around 30 years of abandonment. Changes in soil carbon stocks are less well understood and need further work. This thesis concludes by outlining further work needed to model the carbon cycle of these woodlands, as well as discussing the implication of pre-rain green-up for satellite observations of land cover changes and biomass mapping.
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Nelson, Ingrid, and Ingrid Nelson. "A Feminist Political Ecology of Livelihoods and Intervention in the Miombo Woodlands of Zambézia, Mozambique." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12509.

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Three recent global economic trends are shifting forest livelihoods and ‘development’ intervention in Mozambique. These trends are China’s growing influence in Africa, large–scale land grabbing and climate change politics. Based on eighteen months of mixed–methods research between 2009 and 2011, this dissertation examines the interactions of these global trends with day–to–day social, political and ecological processes in two rural communities in Zambézia Province (central Mozambique)—one in the miombo woodlands of Maganja da Costa district and the other near expanding timber plantations in Gurué district. The community in Maganja da Costa is at the center of clashes between conservation groups and illegal loggers selling precious hardwoods to China. The community in Gurué is responding to a Presidential mandate for every local leader to establish ‘forests’ (predominantly exotic monocultures) that represent a dispersed form of land grabbing. Drawing on recent agendas within the field of feminist political ecology, the author highlights key encounters or ‘place–events’ (following Doreen Massey) that explain the complex historical, political and ecological dynamics shaping contemporary forest transformation in Zambézia. These place–events can only be understood through attention to bodies and identity performance, key sites where assemblages of power and meaning are enacted and negotiated. This approach provides insight into less visible dimensions of landscape change by moving beyond commodity chain analysis and local/national/global hierarchies of causality. Examples of place–events examined include: girls becoming women through scarification with battery acid in a forest grove; men singing about their boss’ wife as they haul timber; NGO staff distributing pesticide spray information pamphlets in an anti–malaria campaign and elite women beating their husbands for planting ‘government’ trees. Attention to bodily performances that fundamentally constitute these place–events demonstrates how interventions in the name of sustainable development play out and often fail. It also elucidates how some loggers are able to extract valuable timber more than others. In fact, local community members see all of these outsiders—despite their distinct ideologies—as equally foreign based on similar ‘outsider’ bodily comportment. Such embodied dynamics are political and cultural, and they should be a key concern for anyone involved in shaping the future of Mozambique’s forests.
10000-01-01
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Halperin, James J. "Monitoring miombo woodlands of Southern Africa with multi-source information in a model-based framework." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60664.

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Acquiring forest resources information for tropical developing countries is challenging due to financial and logistical constraints, yet this information is critical for enhancing management capability and engaging in initiatives such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). In this dissertation, I investigated innovative approaches to monitoring forest resources and deepened understanding of multi-source information (i.e., remote-sensing, environmental, and disturbance data) needs by examining methods using a model-based framework for assessment of a jurisdictional landscape in the miombo ecoregion of Zambia. I focused on percent canopy cover (CC) and above-ground biomass (AGB) within a National Forest Inventory (NFI) context because both are important for land management and REDD+. First, I compared multi-source information and four modeling methods to estimate CC and total forest area. Landsat outperformed RapidEye and a generalized additive model was most precise. Available soil water content (AWC), slope, distance to district capital, and texture of remotely sensed data were crucial predictor variables in improving estimates. Second, I used multi-source information and compared methods with and without predicted CC in three modeling methods to estimate total AGB. A nonlinear sigmoidal model was most precise when using predicted CC, AWC, pH, occurrence of late season fire, and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index as predictor variables. Third, I developed an innovative monitoring framework using time series classification and a stock-difference approach to estimate change in land cover and AGB over a 16-year annual time series of Landsat data. Forest/nonforest change trajectories were used to develop change classes relevant to underlying biotic and abiotic factors and provided ecologically meaningful context for land cover change and AGB change. Overall, predictor variables related to soil moisture, topography, shortwave infrared bands and texture of vegetation indices from remotely sensed data are vital to accurate models of CC and AGB. Genetic algorithms provide an opportune method for predictor variable selection across a diversity of modeling methods. Further, robust change estimates are feasible when using annual monitoring methods based on freely available, multi-source information. In conclusion, the model-based framework provides a precise, statistically sound, approach to estimating and mapping forest attributes within an NFI context.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Abbot, Joanne Irene Olive. "Rural subsistence and protected areas : community use of the Miombo woodlands of Lake Malawi National Park." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349603/.

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This study examines the utilisation of miombo woodland by fishing communities in Lake Malawi National Park (LMNP). Combining methodologies from the natural and social sciences, patterns of use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and the impact of harvesting practices on the resource base, are described. The main focus is the commercial and subsistence use of primary woodland resources including: fuelwood, construction materials and grass thatch. Aerial photographic analysis and a quadrat based vegetation survey are used to examine the impact of local utilisation practices on the miombo woodland. Multivariate analyses assess the importance of different environmental variables in explaining the floristic composition of the woodland vegetation. A range of NTFPs are used locally but market surveys indicate that few products are traded outside the villages. A marketing analysis suggests that urban trade is constrained by the low economic value of woodland resources compared to the high cost of rural transport. Specific patterns of collection and use are apparent for each resource. This thesis explores the impact of different harvesting practices on the miombo woodlands. Using household surveys and time allocation, the effects of children on patterns of wood collection and use are examined. The role of daughters in fuelwood collection is discussed in relation to theories of fertility and family size. Furthermore, behavioural ecology approaches are used to examine the decision making in wood collection. This research provides a useful framework for investigating resource use because it combines concurrent studies of village and woodland communities. The quantitative and rigorous approach enables the factors that influence resource use, and their impact, to be defined. This study contributes to theories of conservation and the practice of integrated management of natural resources. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the importance of woodland resources to the subsistence strategies of rural communities within a protected area system.
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Books on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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N, Nemarundwe, Matose Frank, and University of Zimbabwe. Centre for Applied Social Sciences., eds. Conflict and conflict resolution in the management of miombo woodlands: Three case studies of miombo woodlands in Zimbabwe. Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 2001.

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Lowore, J. D. Stackwood volume estimations for miombo woodlands in Malawi. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1993.

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Lowore, J. D. Coppice regeneration in some miombo woodlands of Malawi. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1999.

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Varmola, M. Research and development for sustainable management of semi-arid miombo woodlands in East Africa. Vantaa: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008.

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Buckle, Catherine. History of the Mukuvisi Woodlands: 1910-2010. Harare, Zimbabwe: Mukuvisi Woodlands Association, 2010.

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International Workshop on Miombo Woodlands in the New Millennium: Trends, Uses, and their Role in Sustainable Development (2001 Chimoio, Manica District, Mozambique). Miombo woodlands in the new millennium: Trends, uses, and their role in sustainable development : Miombo Network--FAO international workshop. [Maputo]: Miombo Network, 2001.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Yemi Katerere, Paxie W. Chirwa, and Isla M. Grundy, eds. Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4.

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Makungwa, S. D. Estimation of standing crop in miombo woodlands: A case study of Liwonde Forest Reserve. Zomba [Malawi]: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1999.

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Dewees, P. A. Social and economical aspects of Miombo woodland management on Southern Africa: Options and opportunities for research.. Jakarta: Center for International Forestry Research, 1994.

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1953-, Campbell B. M., and Center for International Forestry Research., eds. The miombo in transition: Woodlands and welfare in Africa. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Pedro L. Silva de Miranda, and Jonathan Timberlake. "Biogeography and Ecology of Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 9–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_2.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Isla M. Grundy, Francisco M. P. Gonçalves, Isabel Moura, Maria J. Santos, Judith Kamoto, Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros, and Edson Gandiwa. "People in the Miombo Woodlands: Socio-Ecological Dynamics." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 55–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_3.

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Zulu, Leo C., Judith F. M. Kamoto, Ida N. S. Djenontin, Aires A. Mbanze, Cuthbert Kambanje, and Yemi Katerere. "Governance and Institutional Arrangements for Sustainable Management of Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 139–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_5.

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Dziba, Luthando, Abel Ramoelo, Casey Ryan, Sam Harrison, Rose Pritchard, Hemant Tripathi, Nadia Sitas, et al. "Scenarios for Just and Sustainable Futures in the Miombo Woodlands." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 191–234. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_6.

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Syampungani, Stephen, Paxie W. Chirwa, Coert J. Geldenhuys, Ferdinand Handavu, Mwale Chishaleshale, Alfan A. Rija, Aires A. Mbanze, and Natasha S. Ribeiro. "Managing Miombo: Ecological and Silvicultural Options for Sustainable Socio-Economic Benefits." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 101–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_4.

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Yemi Katerere, Paxie W. Chirwa, and Isla M. Grundy. "Introduction." In Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50104-4_1.

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Ruvuga, Peter Rogers, Ismail Said Selemani, and Anthony Zozimus Sangeda. "Ecological Sustainability: Miombo Woodland Conservation with Livestock Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Climate Change Management, 237–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12974-3_11.

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Moura, Isabel, Ivete Maquia, Alfan A. Rija, Natasha Ribeiro, and Ana Isabel Ribeiro-Barros. "Biodiversity Studies in Key Species from the African Mopane and Miombo Woodlands." In Genetic Diversity. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66845.

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Ribeiro, Natasha Sofia, Stephen Syampungani, Nalukui M. Matakala, David Nangoma, and Ana Isabel Ribeiro-Barros. "Miombo Woodlands Research Towards the Sustainable Use of Ecosystem Services in Southern Africa." In Biodiversity in Ecosystems - Linking Structure and Function. InTech, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59288.

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Ribeiro, Natasha, Micas Cumbana, Faruk Mamugy, and Aniceto Chaque. "Remote Sensing of Biomass in the Miombo Woodlands of Southern Africa: Opportunities and Limitations for Research." In Remote Sensing of Biomass - Principles and Applications. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/16608.

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Conference papers on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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Ribeiro, Natasha S., Gregory S. Okin, Herman H. Shugart, and Robert J. Swap. "The influence of rainfall, vegetation, elephants and people on fire frequency of miombo woodlands, Northern Mozambique." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417378.

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Reports on the topic "Miombo woodlands"

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L., German, Schoneveld G., Wertz-Kanounnikoff S., and Gumbo D. Chinese trade and investment and its impacts on forests: A scoping study in the miombo woodlands. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003729.

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L., German, Schoneveld G., Wertz-Kanounnikoff S., and Gumbo D. Chinese trade and investment and its impacts on forests: A scoping study in the miombo woodlands [Chinese]. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005543.

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