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Journal articles on the topic 'Miombo woodlands'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, Y. M. Ngaga, and Angelingis A. Makatta. "The Land Use and Cover Change in Miombo Woodlands under Community Based Forest Management and Its Implication to Climate Change Mitigation: A Case of Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/459102.

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In Tanzania, miombo woodland is the most significant forest vegetation with both ecological and socioeconomic importance. The vegetation has been threatened from land use and cover change due to unsustainable utilization. Over the past two decades, community based forest management (CBFM) has been practiced to address the problem. Given the current need to mitigate global climate change, little is known on the influence of CBFM to the land use and cover change in miombo woodlands and therefore compromising climate change mitigation strategies. This study explored the dynamic of land use and covers change and biomass due to CBFM and established the implication to climate change mitigation. The study revealed increasing miombo woodland cover density with decreasing unsustainable utilization. The observed improvement in cover density and biomass provides potential for climate change mitigation strategies. CBFM also developed solidarity, cohesion, and social control of miombo woodlands illegal extraction. This further enhances permanence, reduces leakage, and increases accountability requirement for carbon credits. Collectively with these promising results, good land use plan at village level and introduction of alternative income generating activities can be among the best options to further reduce land use change and biomass loss in miombo woodlands.

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2

Godlee, John L., Francisco Maiato Gonçalves, José João Tchamba, Antonio Valter Chisingui, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Casey M. Ryan, Thom K. Brade, and Kyle G. Dexter. "Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040140.

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Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.

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3

Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, and Y. M. Ngaga. "Management, Growth, and Carbon Storage in Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629317.

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Despite the local livelihoods support function provided by miombo woodlands of Tanzania under participatory forest management, its growth still has potential for carbon storage and sequestration attractive to REDD+ initiatives. This study has revealed the average growth to be significant, despite the local community livelihoods support function. However, climate change mitigation strategy needs to be more innovative to optimize carbon storage and local livelihoods’ potentials in forest-dependent communities like miombo woodlands. Carbon credits resulting from the increased carbon stock and sequestration should contribute to sustainable development. This should also help promote participatory forest management and secure miombo woodland products and services upon which billions of people depend.

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4

Rannestad, Meley Mekonen, and Tigist Araya Gessesse. "Deforestation and Subsequent Cultivation of Nutrient Poor Soils of Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania: Long Term Effect on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrients." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104113.

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The miombo woodlands of Tanzania have continued to be subjected to deforestation due to mainly agricultural expansion. Knowledge of long-term productivity of the subsequent land use can help to evaluate the sustainability of the existing land management systems. We used both socioeconomic and soil survey data to assess maize yield and selected soil properties, respectively, with an increasing cultivation period since conversion from miombo woodland. Data on maize production was collected from 121 households in three villages, while soil sampling was undertaken on 15 plots in one of the study villages. Soil samples were taken from miombo woodland and from croplands with cultivation periods varying from two to 52 years. Samples were taken at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths and analyzed for the major plant nutrients. According to the results of the socioeconomic data analysis, continued cultivation of former miombo woodlands does not have a significant effect on maize yield. The results of the soil analysis also showed that the major plant nutrients on farmlands in both soil layers did not show a significant change from the adjacent miombo woodland and did not decline with increasing cultivation period. This indicates that the current farming system can maintain the levels of the major plant nutrients and thus soil productivity.

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5

Bulusu, Medha, Christopher Martius, and Jessica Clendenning. "Carbon Stocks in Miombo Woodlands: Evidence from over 50 Years." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070862.

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Miombo woodlands are extensive dry forest ecosystems in central and southern Africa covering ≈2.7 million km2. Despite their vast expanse and global importance for carbon storage, the long-term carbon stocks and dynamics have been poorly researched. The objective of this paper was to present and summarize the evidence gathered on aboveground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of miombo woodlands from the 1960s to mid-2018 through a literature review. We reviewed the data to find out to what extent aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon stocks are found in miombo woodlands and further investigated if are there differences in carbon stocks based on woodland categories (old-growth, disturbed and re-growth). A review protocol was used to identify 56 publications from which quantitative data on AGC and SOC stocks were extracted. We found that the mean AGC in old-growth miombo (45.8 ± 17.8 Mg C ha−1), disturbed miombo (26.7 ± 15 Mg C ha−1), and regrowth miombo (18.8 ± 16.8 Mg C ha−1) differed significantly. Data on rainfall, stand age, and land-use suggested that the variability in aboveground carbon is site-specific, relating to climatic and geographic conditions as well as land-use history. SOC stocks in both old-growth and re-growth miombo were found to vary widely. It must be noted these soil data are provided only for information; they inconsistently refer to varying soil depths and are thus difficult to interpret. The wide range reported suggests a need for further studies which are much more systematic in method and reporting. Other limitations of the dataset include the lack of systematic sampling and lack of data in some countries, viz. Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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6

Mercader, Julio, Tim Bennett, Chris Esselmont, Steven Simpson, and Dale Walde. "Soil phytoliths from miombo woodlands in Mozambique." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.008.

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AbstractThis paper describes topsoil phytolith assemblages from 25 loci underneath miombo woodlands on an eco-transect intersecting the Mozambican Rift along a geographical, altitudinal, climatic and botanical gradient. We provide the first comprehensive overview of the phytolith spectrum that defines northern Mozambique's Zambezian floristic zone. Our classifying criteria derive from comparison with previously described and quantified reference collections of trees and grasses growing in the study area. We characterize the sedimentological and soil features of the matrices where phytoliths are found, establishing correlation among geo-edaphic variables and phytoliths. Descriptive statistics along with nonparametric and parametric statistical analyses evaluate phytolith grouping criteria, variation, robustness, and membership. From a taphonomic perspective, we attest that topsoil phytolith assemblages are polygenic and do not represent an episodic snapshot of extant vegetation, but a palimpsest from plants representing various disturbance episodes, succession stages, and ecological trends. Phytoliths retrieved from Mozambican miombo soils do not seem to trace altitudinal, temperature, or precipitation gradients, and no significant differences exist between highland and lowland phytolith assemblages. This article provides a phytolith analog for woodland environments that can guide future paleoenvironmental research. It also confirms that phytolith analysis is able to detect shifts in the woodland/grassland interface.

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Shirima, Deo D., Ørjan Totland, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, and Stein R. Moe. "Does the abundance of dominant trees affect diversity of a widespread tropical woodland ecosystem in Tanzania?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000231.

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Abstract:Dominant woody species can determine the structure and composition of a plant community by affecting environmental conditions experienced by other species. We explored how dominant tree species affect the tree species richness, diversity, evenness and vertical structural heterogeneity of non-dominant species in wet and dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania. We sampled 146 plots from eight districts with miombo woodlands, covering a wide range of topographic and climatic conditions. We recorded 217 woody plant species belonging to 48 families and 122 genera. Regression analysis showed significant negative linear associations between tree species richness, relative species profile index of the non-dominant and the relative abundance of the dominant tree species (Brachystegia spiciformis and Brachystegia microphylla in wet, and Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardia globiflora in dry miombo woodlands). Shannon diversity and evenness had strong non-linear negative relationships with relative abundance of dominant tree species. A large number of small individual stems from dominant and non-dominant tree species suggesting good regeneration conditions, and intensive competition affecting survival. We suggest that dominant miombo tree species are suppressing the non-dominant miombo tree species, especially in areas with high recruitments, perhaps because of their important adaptive features (extensive root systems and ectomycorrhizal associations), which enhance their ability to access limited nutrients.

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Maquia, Ivete, Silvia Catarino, Ana R. Pena, Denise R. A. Brito, Natasha S. Ribeiro, Maria M. Romeiras, and Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros. "Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo–Mopane Woodlands." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060182.

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The southern African Miombo and Mopane ecoregions constitute a unique repository of plant diversity whose diversification and evolutionary history is still understudied. In this work, we assessed the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes within the Zambezian phytoregion. Data were retrieved from several plant and gene databases and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genetic barcodes. Seventy-eight species (74 from Miombo and 23 from Mopane, 19 common to both ecoregions) have been scored. Species diversity was high within both ecoregions, but information about the actual conservation status is scarce and available only for ca. 15% of the species. Results of phylogenetic analyses were consistent with current legume classification but did not allow us to draw any conclusion regarding the evolutionary history of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes. Future studies are proposed to dissect the diversity and structure of key species in order to consolidate the network of conservation areas.

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9

Desanker, Paul V., and I. Colin Prentice. "MIOMBO — a vegetation dynamics model for the miombo woodlands on Zambezian Africa." Forest Ecology and Management 69, no. 1-3 (November 1994): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90221-6.

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10

Lupala, Z. J., L. P. Lusambo, and Y. M. Ngaga. "Feasibility of Community Management of Miombo Woodlands for Carbon Project in Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Journal of Ecology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8965983.

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In response to the pressing global challenges of climate change, community based management of miombo woodlands in Tanzania is promoted for carbon credit project development. However, evidence on its feasibility is scanty and questionable. This study examined the economic feasibility of carbon credit project development in community based forest management (CBFM) using four similar miombo woodlands from Southern highlands. The analysis was based on 144 sample plots from managed woodlands and 100 plots from business as usual (BAU) (open access). Allometric equation was applied to convert biomass to carbon per hectare. Improved carbon stock was determined and its economic value ascertained based on global voluntary carbon markets. Project feasibility analysis was performed using discounted cash flow, internal rate of return, and benefits/costs methods. Annual opportunity cost and variable costs were subtracted from total revenue to obtain annual net profit. The annual rate of return on investment was calculated by dividing profits by total costs. It was revealed that carbon stock improved significantly in CBFM compared to BAU (P<5%). The improvement had positive net present value and benefit-cost ratio of 1.83. Moreover, sensitivity analysis showed that if any unexpected situation occurs, the project will still be of worthiness. The findings are useful to enrich the debate on carbon credit development under community based management of miombo woodlands in Tanzania.

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11

Soka, Geofrey, and Nanjiva Nzunda. "Application of Remote Sensing and Developed Allometric Models for Estimating Wood Carbon Stocks in a North-Western Miombo Woodland Landscape of Tanzania." Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (June 5, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/714734.

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Quantifying ecosystem carbon stocks is vital for understanding the relationship between changes in land use and cover (LULC) and carbon emissions; however, few studies have documented the impacts of carbon cycling on Miombo ecosystems. Here, we estimate the amounts of wood carbon which is stored and lost as a result of LULC changes in Kagoma Forest Reserve (KFR) for the periods between 1988 and 2010 using GIS data, Landsat imagery, and field observations. The land cover was captured on the basis of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM. The amounts of wood carbon stored and lost were estimated based on four previously developed allometric models. Spatial analysis of the Landsat images shows that in the year 1988, woodlands dominated the area by covering 32.66% whereas in the year 2010 the woodlands covered only 7.34% of the total area. The findings of the current study reveal that KFR had undergone notable changes in terms of LULC for the period of 1988–2010. It was estimated that the woodlands in the KFR lost an average of 4409.79 t Cyr-1. In this study, the amount of carbon stocks stored was estimated to be 21457.02 tonnes in tree stem biomass based on the area (1226.12 ha) that was covered by woodlands. We estimated that an average of 17.79 t Ch-1 was stored in the Miombo woodlands based on the four models. The efforts to ensure sustainable management of the Miombo ecosystem can contribute to the creation of a considerable carbon sink.

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Chidumayo, Emmanuel N. "Biotic interactions, climate and disturbance underlie the distribution of two Julbernardia tree species in miombo woodlands of Africa." Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000584.

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Abstract:Occurrence data for Julbernardia globiflora and J. paniculata at 617 sites in the miombo woodland region of central, eastern and southern Africa and forest inventory data for 512 woodland plots in Zambia were used to determine species distribution and dominance. Distribution of the two Julbernardia species overlaps in the central region of the miombo woodland range while the eastern and western range regions are exclusively for only one of the two species. In the region of co-occurrence, there is a clear spatial separation in the dominance of the two species. In old-growth woodland a significant proportion of the variation in the dominance of J. globiflora was explained by the dominance of J. paniculata while mean annual maximum temperature and tree species richness negatively affect the dominance of J. paniculata. Old-growth woodland clearing changes the local climatic conditions and alters the way Julbernardia species in re-growth stands respond to potential evapo-transpiration (PET). Climate change, especially global warming, may further reinforce the impacts of PET to differentially favour J. globiflora. Because of this altered response of Julbernardia species in re-growth miombo, preserving old-growth miombo and preventing present human disturbances in designated areas, such as forest reserves and national parks, may be a useful climate adaptation strategy for these species.

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13

Manyanda, Bernardol John, Emmanuel F. Nzunda, Wilson Ancelm Mugasha, and Rogers Ernest Malimbwi. "Estimates of Volume and Carbon Stock Removals in Miombo Woodlands of Mainland Tanzania." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (March 29, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4043965.

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Miombo woodlands are major vegetation type covering about 93% of the forest land of Mainland Tanzania. It forms an integral part of the rural landscape in Tanzania and plays a crucial role in providing a wide range of goods and services including carbon sequestration. However, the sustainability of forest resources is mostly affected by the magnitude of its utilization. There should be a balance between the forest growth and removals. Nevertheless, the magnitude of removed volume and carbon in the country is not known. Quantification of volume, biomass, and carbon stocks removals is vital in developing effective climate change mitigation strategies, decision making, and promoting sustainable forest management. Based on the National Forest Resources Monitoring and Assessment data (NAFORMA) comprising 7,026 stumps collected from 16,803 circular plots of 10 m and 15 m radii established in Miombo woodlands of Mainland Tanzania, volume and carbon stock removals were estimated with the use of models that utilize stump diameter (SD) as the sole predictor. Results indicate that the annual volumes, aboveground biomass removed, and belowground biomass removed were 1.71 ± 0.54 m3 ha−1 year−1, 1.23 ± 0.37 t ha−1 year−1, and 0.43 ± 0.12 t ha−1 year−1, respectively. In addition, the corresponding aboveground and belowground carbon removed were found to be 0.6 ± 0.18 tC ha−1 year−1 and 0.21 ± 0.05 tC ha−1 year −1 respectively. Since the estimated annual volume removals exceed estimated mean annual increment of 1.6 ± 0.2 m3 ha−1 year−1 in Miombo woodlands, the removals indicate unsustainability that would end up into forest degradation. The results also show that removals are more prominent in the following categories: shifting cultivation, production forest, grazing land, general land, village land, and Eastern and Southern zones. This paper calls for increased appropriate management strategies to ensure sustainability in these land categories and in the entire Miombo woodlands of Mainland Tanzania.

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Rees, Robert M., Menas Wuta, Peter A. Furley, and Changsheng Li. "Nitrous oxide fluxes from savanna (miombo) woodlands in Zimbabwe." Journal of Biogeography 33, no. 3 (March 2006): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01423.x.

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Amaya, Paola C., Marie Nourtier, Frédérique Montfort, Alessandro Fusari, Telina Randrianary, Emmanuelle Richard, Thomas Prin, and Hugo Valls‐Fox. "Are elephants attracted by deforested areas in miombo woodlands?" African Journal of Ecology 59, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12882.

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16

Guy, Peter R. "The influence of elephants and fire on a Brachystegia-Julbernardia woodland in Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003503.

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ABSTRACTBrachystegia-Julbernardia (miombo) woodlands inside and outside the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe, show major differences in structure, biomass and species composition. The woodlands inside the research area have a lower stem area, tree density and biomass than those outside it. The shrubs inside the research area occur at a higher density than they do outside it, but the biomasses of shrubs in the two woodlands are similar. The woodlands inside the research area are affected by elephants and fire, whereas those outside it are affected mainly by fire. It is postulated that the policy of maintaining the elephant population at 250 in the research area is having a beneficial effect and, provided elephants and fire are kept in check, the woodlands inside the research area will eventually recover.

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Ribeiro, N. S., A. Cangela, A. Chauque, R. R. Bandeira, and A. I. Ribeiro-Barros. "Characterisation of spatial and temporal distribution of the fire regime in Niassa National Reserve, northern Mozambique." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 12 (2017): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17085.

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The Niassa National Reserve (NNR) is the largest conservation area of the Miombo woodlands in southern Africa, representing one of the most remote and pristine biodiversity spots. Anthropogenic fires have long been one of the main ecological drivers in these woodlands. However, the constraint in understanding fire effects results from limited data and accessibility to existing fire records. This study is intended to contribute to the understanding of fire ecology in these woodlands by assessing the fire regime in NNR. We used the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily active fire (MDC14ML) and burned-area (MCD45A1) products to characterise the fire regime in terms of seasonality, intensity, density, burned area, frequency and mean return interval for the period from 2000 to 2012. The results indicated that fire activity starts c. April and peaks in the late dry season (August–October). Approximately 45% of the area burns every year, especially the north-central and eastern sectors, with fire intensity displaying an inverse relationship with frequency. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the relevance of remote sensing for describing the spatial and temporal patterns of fire occurrence in the Miombo eco-region and highlights the necessity for controlling fire and managing fuels in this important conservation area.

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HEMP, CLAUDIA, and KLAUS-GERHARD HELLER. "Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa." Zootaxa 4671, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 151–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1.

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A list of the Orthoptera of Miombo woodlands of the Manyara, Dodoma and Tabora Regions of Tanzania is presented. 64 Ensifera species were recorded of which two genera (Kefalia n. gen. with three species newly described; Sentia n. gen., 1 species) and Melidia adfinia n. sp. are new to science. Further 4 new species of Acrometopini are described from the area (Horatosphaga laticerca n. sp., Horatosphaga scalata n. sp., Peronura wottae n. sp., and Tenerasphaga mpwapwae n. sp.). 78 Acridoidea species were recorded. Miombo woodlands are vanishing rapidly these days so that faunal information will become an important tool to measure habitat quality of a certain forested area and for restauration measures. The species Peronura wottae n. sp. and Kefalia grafika n. sp. must be considered as Critically Endangered since only known from Wotta Forest Reserve on the Mpwapwa plateau. This forest reserve is heavily degraded by illegal cutting and lifestock grazing and will disappear in the near future if no immediate measures are taken by responsible authorities.

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Sitoe, Almeida A. "Miombo woodlands in a changing environment: securing the resilience and sustainability of people and woodlands." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 83, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2021.1884031.

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Scogings, Peter F. "Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 38, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2020.1861097.

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Mercader, Julio, Tim Bennett, Chris Esselmont, Steven Simpson, and Dale Walde. "Phytoliths in woody plants from the Miombo woodlands of Mozambique." Annals of Botany 104, no. 1 (May 9, 2009): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp097.

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Hemp, Claudia. "A new species of Physocrobylus (Caelifera: Acridoidea: Acrididae: Coptacrinae), with notes on the phenology and habitat of the genus." Journal of Orthoptera Research 30, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.53375.

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A new species of Physocrobylus, P. venetussp. nov., is described from the Nguru Mountains of Tanzania. It is the third species in the genus restricted to Tanzanian localities. While P. venetussp. nov. and P. tessa Hochkirch prefer moister forest communities from lowland to submontane forest in the East Usambara and Nguru Mountains, P. burtti Dirsh is an inhabitant of Miombo woodlands.

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Hardouin, Marie, Charlotte E. Searle, Paolo Strampelli, Josephine Smit, Amy Dickman, Alex L. Lobora, and J. Marcus Rowcliffe. "Density responses of lesser-studied carnivores to habitat and management strategies in southern Tanzania’s Ruaha-Rungwa landscape." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e0242293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242293.

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Compared to emblematic large carnivores, most species of the order Carnivora receive little conservation attention despite increasing anthropogenic pressure and poor understanding of their status across much of their range. We employed systematic camera trapping and spatially explicit capture-recapture modelling to estimate variation in population density of serval, striped hyaena and aardwolf across the mixed-use Ruaha-Rungwa landscape in southern Tanzania. We selected three sites representative of different habitat types, management strategies, and levels of anthropogenic pressure: Ruaha National Park’s core tourist area, dominated by Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets; the Park’s miombo woodland; and the neighbouring community-run MBOMIPA Wildlife Management Area, also covered in Acacia-Commiphora. The Park’s miombo woodlands supported a higher serval density (5.56 [Standard Error = ±2.45] individuals per 100 km2) than either the core tourist area (3.45 [±1.04] individuals per 100 km2) or the Wildlife Management Area (2.08 [±0.74] individuals per 100 km2). Taken together, precipitation, the abundance of apex predators, and the level of anthropogenic pressure likely drive such variation. Striped hyaena were detected only in the Wildlife Management Area and at low density (1.36 [±0.50] individuals per 100 km2), potentially due to the location of the surveyed sites at the edge of the species’ global range, high densities of sympatric competitors, and anthropogenic edge effects. Finally, aardwolf were captured in both the Park’s core tourist area and the Wildlife Management Area, with a higher density in the Wildlife Management Area (13.25 [±2.48] versus 9.19 [±1.66] individuals per 100 km2), possibly as a result of lower intraguild predation and late fire outbreaks in the area surveyed. By shedding light on three understudied African carnivore species, this study highlights the importance of miombo woodland conservation and community-managed conservation, as well as the value of by-catch camera trap data to improve ecological knowledge of lesser-studied carnivores.

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Weier, Sina M., Mark Keith, Götz G. Neef, Daniel M. Parker, and Peter J. Taylor. "Bat Species Richness and Community Composition along a Mega-transect in the Okavango River Basin." Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050188.

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The Okavango River Basin is a hotspot of bat diversity that requires urgent and adequate protection. To advise future conservation strategies, we investigated the relative importance of a range of potential environmental drivers of bat species richness and functional community composition in the Okavango River Basin. During annual canoe transects along the major rivers, originating in the central Angolan highlands, we recorded more than 25,000 bat echolocation calls from 2015 to 2018. We corrected for possible biases in sampling design and effort. Firstly, we conducted rarefaction analyses of each survey year and sampling appeared to be complete, apart from 2016. Secondly, we used total activity as a measure of sample effort in mixed models of species richness. Species richness was highest in the Angola Miombo Woodlands and at lower elevations, with higher minimum temperatures. In total, we identified 31 individual bat species. We show that even when acoustic surveys are conducted in remote areas and over multiple years, it is possible to correct for biases and obtain representative richness estimates. Changes in habitat heterogeneity will have detrimental effects on the high richness reported here and human land-use change, specifically agriculture, must be mediated in a system such as the Angolan Miombo Woodland.

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Jew, Eleanor K. K., Oliver J. Burdekin, Andrew J. Dougill, and Susannah M. Sallu. "Rapid land use change threatens provisioning ecosystem services in miombo woodlands." Natural Resources Forum 43, no. 1 (February 2019): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12167.

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Fuller, Douglas O. "Canopy phenology of some mopane and miombo woodlands in eastern Zambia." Global Ecology and Biogeography 8, no. 3-4 (May 1999): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00130.x.

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Williams, M., C. M. Ryan, R. M. Rees, E. Sambane, J. Fernando, and J. Grace. "Carbon sequestration and biodiversity of re-growing miombo woodlands in Mozambique." Forest Ecology and Management 254, no. 2 (January 2008): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.033.

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Chidumayo, E. N. "Management implications of tree growth patterns in miombo woodlands of Zambia." Forest Ecology and Management 436 (March 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.018.

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Vinya, Royd, Yadvinder Malhi, Joshua B. Fisher, Nick Brown, Timothy J. Brodribb, and Luiz E. Aragao. "Xylem cavitation vulnerability influences tree species’ habitat preferences in miombo woodlands." Oecologia 173, no. 3 (May 7, 2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2671-2.

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Maquia, Ivete Sandra Alberto, Paula Fareleira, Isabel Videira e. Castro, Ricardo Soares, Denise R. A. Brito, Aires Afonso Mbanze, Aniceto Chaúque, et al. "The Nexus between Fire and Soil Bacterial Diversity in the African Miombo Woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081562.

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(1) Background: the Miombo woodlands comprise the most important vegetation from southern Africa and are dominated by tree legumes with an ecology highly driven by fires. Here, we report on the characterization of bacterial communities from the rhizosphere of Brachystegia boehmii in different soil types from areas subjected to different regimes. (2) Methods: bacterial communities were identified through Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA). Vigna unguiculata was used as a trap to capture nitrogen-fixing bacteria and culture-dependent methods in selective media were used to isolate plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). PGP traits were analysed and molecular taxonomy of the purified isolates was performed. (3) Results: Bacterial communities in the Miombo rhizosphere are highly diverse and driven by soil type and fire regime. Independent of the soil or fire regime, the functional diversity was high, and the different consortia maintained the general functions. A diverse pool of diazotrophs was isolated, and included symbiotic (e.g., Mesorhizobium sp., Neorhizobium galegae, Rhizobium sp., and Ensifer adhaerens), and non-symbiotic (e.g., Agrobacterium sp., Burkholderia sp., Cohnella sp., Microvirga sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Stenotrophomonas sp.) bacteria. Several isolates presented cumulative PGP traits. (4) Conclusions: Although the dynamics of bacterial communities from the Miombo rhizosphere is driven by fire, the maintenance of high levels of diversity and functions remain unchanged, constituting a source of promising bacteria in terms of plant-beneficial activities such as mobilization and acquisition of nutrients, mitigation of abiotic stress, and modulation of plant hormone levels.

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MEERTS, PIERRE. "An annotated checklist to the trees and shrubs of the Upper Katanga (D.R. Congo)." Phytotaxa 258, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.258.3.1.

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A checklist to the trees and shrubs of Upper Katanga (the Zambezian part of Katanga, ca. 260,000 km²) (D.R. Congo) is presented. It comprises 694 taxa (664 species, 15 subspecies, 15 varieties). For each accepted taxon the list provides habitat and geographic distribution. Eleven taxa are new records for the D.R. Congo and 29 are new records for Upper Katanga. Fourteen new synonyms are proposed. Two families stand out as particularly species-rich, i.e. Fabaceae (110 taxa, i.e. Caesalpinioideae: 50; Faboideae: 29; Mimosoideae: 31) and Rubiaceae (74). Six genera comprise 10 taxa or more i.e. Ficus (25), Combretum (17), Monotes (17), Brachystegia (15), Diospyros (11), Acacia (11). The three most important woody vegetation types in Upper Katanga have different phytogeographic and taxonomic assemblages: miombo woodland (254 taxa, 62% of which are Zambezian, over-representation of Caesalpinioideae), riverine and swamp forest (196 taxa, 36% of which are Guineo-Congolian, 17% Afromontane), and Zambezian dry evergreen forest (117 taxa, 37% of which are Guineo-Congolian, Rubiaceae over-represented). Twenty taxa (3%) are strictly endemic to Upper Katanga, most of which occur only in the Katango-Zambian sector of the Zambezian region. Taxonomic uncertainties are emphasized including 13 endemics known by one or two collections only. Forty-nine taxa are almost exclusively associated with termite mounds. For the miombo woodlands eight ecological groups of indicator species are proposed.

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GREEN, EMMA L., FELIX EIGENBROD, KATE SCHRECKENBERG, and SIMON WILLCOCK. "Modelling tree growth to determine the sustainability of current off-take from miombo woodland: a case study from rural villages in Malawi." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 1 (December 5, 2016): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000485.

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SUMMARYMiombo woodlands supply ecosystem services to support livelihoods in southern Africa, however, rapid deforestation has necessitated greater knowledge of tree growth and off-take rates to understand the sustainability of miombo exploitation. We established 48 tree inventory plots within four villages in southern Malawi, interviewed representatives in these same villages about tree management practices and investigated the impact of climate on vegetation dynamics in the region using the ecosystem modelling framework LPJ-GUESS. Combining our data with the forest yield model MYRLIN revealed considerable variation in growth rates across different land uses; forested lands showed the highest growth rates (1639 [95% confidence interval 1594–1684] kg ha–1 year–1), followed by settlement areas (1453 [95% confidence interval 1376–1530] kg ha–1 year–1). Based on the modelled MYRLIN results, we found that 50% of the villages had insufficient growth rates to meet estimated off-take. Furthermore, the results from LPJ-GUESS indicated that sustainable off-take approaches zero in drought years. Local people have recognized the unsustainable use of natural resources and have begun planting activities in order to ensure that ecosystem services derived from miombo woodlands are available for future generations. Future models should incorporate the impacts of human disturbance and climatic variation on vegetation dynamics; such models should be used to support the development and implementation of sustainable forest management.

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N.D., Mganga, and Lyaruu H.V.M. "Applicability of Satellite Remote Sensing in Accounting AboveGround Carbon in Miombo Woodlands." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 4, no. 1 (October 23, 2015): 1334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.121.

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Pereira, José M. C., Bernardo Mota, Jeff L. Privette, Kelly K. Caylor, João M. N. Silva, Ana C. L. Sá, and Wenge Ni-Meister. "A simulation analysis of the detectability of understory burns in miombo woodlands." Remote Sensing of Environment 93, no. 3 (November 2004): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.01.009.

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35

Mauya, Ernest W., Wilson A. Mugasha, Eliakimu Zahabu, Ole M. Bollandsås, and Tron Eid. "Models for estimation of tree volume in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 76, no. 4 (September 23, 2014): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.957594.

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36

Mugasha, Wilson A., Ole M. Bollandsås, Terje Gobakken, Eliakimu Zahabu, Josiah Z. Katani, and Tron Eid. "Decision-support tool for management of miombo woodlands: a matrix model approach." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 79, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1233776.

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37

Handavu, Ferdinand, Paxie W. Chirwa, Stephen Syampungani, and Larwanou Mahamane. "A review of carbon dynamics and assessment methods in the miombo woodlands." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 79, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1277643.

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38

Mangora, Mwita M. "Ecological impact of tobacco farming in miombo woodlands of Urambo District, Tanzania." African Journal of Ecology 43, no. 4 (December 2005): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00603.x.

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39

Chamshama, S. A. O., A. G. Mugasha, and E. Zahabu. "Stand biomass and volume estimation for Miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo, Morogoro, Tanzania." Southern African Forestry Journal 200, no. 1 (March 2004): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2004.10431761.

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40

Pelletier, Johanne, Alain Paquette, Keddy Mbindo, Noah Zimba, Abel Siampale, Bwalya Chendauka, Freddie Siangulube, and Jonathan Wesley Roberts. "Carbon sink despite large deforestation in African tropical dry forests (miombo woodlands)." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 094017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aadc9a.

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41

Muvengwi, Justice, Tatenda Chisango, Kudzai Mpakairi, Monicah Mbiba, and E. T. F. Witkowski. "Structure, composition and regeneration of miombo woodlands within harvested and unharvested areas." Forest Ecology and Management 458 (February 2020): 117792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117792.

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42

Fujita, Tomohiro. "The woodland tree Brachystegia floribunda facilitates the encroachment of forest tree species into miombo woodlands in northern Malawi." Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2013): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jene2012.0345.

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43

Ryan, Casey M., Rose Pritchard, Iain McNicol, Matthew Owen, Janet A. Fisher, and Caroline Lehmann. "Ecosystem services from southern African woodlands and their future under global change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1703 (September 19, 2016): 20150312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0312.

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Miombo and mopane woodlands are the dominant land cover in southern Africa. Ecosystem services from these woodlands support the livelihoods of 100 M rural people and 50 M urban dwellers, and others beyond the region. Provisioning services contribute $9 ± 2 billion yr −1 to rural livelihoods; 76% of energy used in the region is derived from woodlands; and traded woodfuels have an annual value of $780 M. Woodlands support much of the region's agriculture through transfers of nutrients to fields and shifting cultivation. Woodlands store 18–24 PgC carbon, and harbour a unique and diverse flora and fauna that provides spiritual succour and attracts tourists. Longstanding processes that will impact service provision are the expansion of croplands (0.1 M km 2 ; 2000–2014), harvesting of woodfuels (93 M tonnes yr −1 ) and changing access arrangements. Novel, exogenous changes include large-scale land acquisitions (0.07 M km 2 ; 2000–2015), climate change and rising CO 2 . The net ecological response to these changes is poorly constrained, as they act in different directions, and differentially on trees and grasses, leading to uncertainty in future service provision. Land-use change and socio-political dynamics are likely to be dominant forces of change in the short term, but important land-use dynamics remain unquantified. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation’.

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Kachamba, Daud, Tron Eid, and Terje Gobakken. "Above- and Belowground Biomass Models for Trees in the Miombo Woodlands of Malawi." Forests 7, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f7020038.

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45

Barbara, Nkolola, Nyasa Linda, and Chilekana Ngonga. "Drivers of Deforestation in the Miombo Woodlands and Their Impacts on the Environment." Advances in Research 6, no. 5 (January 10, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2016/23831.

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Kachamba, Daud J., and Tron Eid. "Total tree, merchantable stem and branch volume models for miombo woodlands of Malawi." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 78, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2015.1108615.

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Mugasha, Wilson A., Tron Eid, Ole M. Bollandsås, and Lawrence Mbwambo. "Modelling diameter growth, mortality and recruitment of trees in miombo woodlands of Tanzania." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 79, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1233755.

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Shirima, Deo D., Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, Simon L. Lewis, Neil D. Burgess, Andrew R. Marshall, Andrew Balmford, Ruth D. Swetnam, and Eliakimu Mnkondo Zahabu. "Carbon storage, structure and composition of miombo woodlands in Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains." African Journal of Ecology 49, no. 3 (May 19, 2011): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01269.x.

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Koller, Ralf, and Cyrus Samimi. "Deforestation in the Miombo woodlands: a pixel-based semi-automated change detection method." International Journal of Remote Sensing 32, no. 22 (September 19, 2011): 7631–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.527390.

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Romijn, Henny A. "Land clearing and greenhouse gas emissions from Jatropha biofuels on African Miombo Woodlands." Energy Policy 39, no. 10 (October 2011): 5751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.041.

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