Journal articles: 'Mirror cases'

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Gu, Wei, Hadi Parsian, and Eric Sharpe. "More non-Abelian mirrors and some two-dimensional dualities." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 30 (October 30, 2019): 1950181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501811.

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In this paper, we extend the non-Abelian mirror proposal of two of the authors from two-dimensional gauge theories with connected gauge groups to the case of [Formula: see text] gauge groups with discrete theta angles. We check our proposed extension by counting and comparing vacua in mirrors to the known dual two-dimensional [Formula: see text] gauge theories. The mirrors in question are Landau–Ginzburg orbifolds, and for mirrors to [Formula: see text] gauge theories, the critical loci of the mirror superpotential often intersect fixed-point loci, so that to count vacua, one must take into account the twisted sector contributions. This is a technical novelty relative to the mirrors of gauge theories with connected gauge groups, for which critical loci do not intersect fixed-point loci and so no orbifold twisted sector contributions are pertinent. The vacuum computations turn out to be a rather intricate test of the proposed mirrors, in particular as untwisted sector states in the mirror to one theory are often exchanged with twisted sector states in the mirror to the dual. In cases with nontrivial IR limits, we also check that the central charges computed from the Landau–Ginzburg mirrors match those expected for the IR SCFTs.

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Strachan, Lesley. "Mirror Image Contralateral Pain Reproduction– Other Cases." Acupuncture in Medicine 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.24.3.137.

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Mishra, A., K. Nelson, and P. McArthur. "Mirror foot – a reflection on three cases." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 63, no. 12 (December 2010): 2146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2010.02.006.

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Voitsenya, V. S., A. F. Bardamid, and A. J. H. Donné. "Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions." Open Physics Journal 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874843001603010023.

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In the experimental fusion reactor ITER, the plasma-facing component of each optical and/or laser diagnostic needs to be based on reflective optics with at least one mirror (first mirror) facing the thermonuclear plasma. The different kinds of radiation emanating from the burning plasma (neutrons, neutral atoms, electromagnetic radiation) create hostile operating conditions for the first mirrors. Therefore, a special program has been set up under the ITER framework aimed at solving the first mirror problem. This paper will review the main results in this field that have been obtained in the Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” (in many cases in cooperation with groups of other countries, as indicated in corresponding parts of the manuscript) during long-term investigations directed to find a solution of this problem,i.e., to find a material and accompanying precautions in order to satisfy the requirements for first mirrors. The main efforts were devoted to finding solutions to overcome the impact of the most severe deteriorating factors resulting in degradation of the optical properties of mirrors: sputtering by charge exchange atoms and deposition of contaminants. The obtained results are focused on: the effects of long term sputtering on mirror specimens fabricated from different metals with different structures (polycrystals, single crystals, metal film on metal substrates, amorphous), the effects of contaminating film and the possible protection to avoid of its appearance, the role of chemical processes for some metal mirrors, and the choice of material of laser mirrors.

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Achenbach, Sven, Garth Wells, and Chen Shen. "Characterization of the surface contamination of deep X-ray lithography mirrors exposed to synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 3 (April 24, 2018): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518004939.

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In deep X-ray lithography (DXRL), synchrotron radiation is applied to pattern polymer microstructures. At the Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices (SyLMAND), Canadian Light Source, a chromium-coated grazing-incidence X-ray double-mirror system is applied as a tunable low-pass filter. In a systematic study, the surface conditions of the two mirrors are analyzed to determine the mirror reflectivity for DXRL process optimization, without the need for spectral analysis or surface probing: PMMA resist foils were homogeneously exposed and developed to determine development rates for mirror angles between 6 mrad and 12 mrad as well as for white light in the absence of the mirrors. Development rates cover almost five orders of magnitude for nominal exposure dose (deposited energy per volume) values of 1 kJ cm−3to 6 kJ cm−3. The rates vary from case to case, indicating that the actual mirror reflectivity deviates from that of clean chromium assumed for the experiments. Fitting the mirror-based development rates to the white-light case as a reference, reflectivity correction factors are identified, and verified by experimental and numerical results of beam calorimetry. The correction factors are related to possible combinations of a varied chromium density, chromium oxidation and a carbon contamination layer. The best fit for all angles is obtained assuming 7.19 g cm−3nominal chromium density, 0.5 nm roughness for all involved layers, and an oxide layer thickness of 25 nm with a carbon top coat of 50 nm to 100 nm. A simulation tool for DXRL exposure parameters was developed to verify that the development rates for all cases do coincide within a small error margin (achieving a reduction of the observed errors by more than two orders of magnitude) if the identified mirror surface conditions are considered when calculating the exposure dose.

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Kwon, Min-Soo, Hyunwoo Lee, Bo-Yeon Hwang, and Jung-Woo Lee. "Easy, Fast, and Accurate Method of 3-Dimensional Mirror Plane Creation for Actual Clinical Users." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176141.

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The first thing to do before planning the surgical treatment of unilateral defects or the asymmetry of the facial area is probably establishing adequate mid-plane for comparison and analysis of the normal and affected side. In such cases, a mirror image can be useful to obtain customized and optimized mid-plane for specific individuals considering the degree of the defect and asymmetry. With the concept of the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, the surface-based registration of the initial structure and mirrored structure allow us to generate a mirror plane that bisects the mid planes of each structure. This mirror plane would improve the quality of pre-operative evaluation and provide an appropriate start point for the treatment plan with as few errors as possible. Hence, the aim of this article is to introduce a method to create a mirror plane that can be assisting in increasing the accuracy of evaluation and analysis so a precise treatment plan would follow consequently.

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Al-Qattan, M. M., A. R. Al-Kahtani, E. M. Al-Sharif, and N. J. Al-Otaibi. "Thumb reconstruction without formal pollicization in mirror hand deformity: a series of four cases." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 38, no. 9 (January 22, 2013): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412475129.

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Thumb reconstruction in mirror hands is usually done by pollicization. However, objective pinch strength and power grip data in mirror hands following pollicization are lacking. Alternative thumb reconstruction techniques include doing nothing, rotation osteotomy or syndactylization of the radial digits. In this article, we report a series of four cases of mirror hand deformity where the thumb was not reconstructed by formal pollicization. Two cases had non-classic mirror hand deformity (the forearm contained a radius and an ulna) and the other two had classic ulnar dimelia. In all cases, thumb reconstruction was done by keeping one of the radial fingers in place (without pollicization) as the new thumb; and then (if required) performing a secondary osteotomy procedure to rotate the new thumb into pronation. The four cases were recalled back to the clinic for functional assessment at ages 20 years, 5 years, 4 years and 2 years, respectively. The overall hand function was considered ‘fair’ in the case with concurrent unique features, and was considered ‘excellent’ in the other three cases. It was concluded that the technique of thumb reconstruction used in the current series is an acceptable option. However, objective measurements, especially with regards to pinch strength and power grip, need to be compared with the pollicization technique.

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Lin, Sophia, LaSharVeA Bailey, Thai Nguyen, Cyrus Mintz, and Kate Rosenblatt. "Extendable mirrors to improve anesthesia provider comfort for eye and positioning checks in prone patients: A pilot study." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 25, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043520914199.

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Prone positioning is frequently used for spinal surgery and is associated with risks including perioperative visual loss and stroke. Frequent eye checks and careful neck positioning are recommended. In our hospital’s current model, anesthesia providers are required to kneel on the operating room floor beneath operating room table, exposing themselves to hazards such as bodily fluids and back and knee strain. This maneuver is both time consuming and unpleasant. While new devices that enable easier visualization of patients in the prone position exist, they are costly and not universally compatible with all operating room tables. Our objective for this feasibility pilot study was to determine if simple, extendable mirrors increase anesthetist comfort during these cases. A nonrandomized survey-based feasibility pilot study was performed, evaluating comfort while performing eye checks with extendable lighted mirrors compared to the standard kneeling practice. A total of 41 nurse anesthetists and anesthesiology residents were analyzed. A mixed model logistic regression demonstrates a three-fold improvement in comfort with the prone position after mirror use (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.06–10.48; p = 0.039). The frequency of eye checks did not change significantly with introduction of the mirror. Use of the extendable mirror improves anesthesia provider comfort with patients in the prone position. We postulate that it may be a useful addition to our practice.

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Kim, Wook Kyum, Seung Ah Chung, and Jong Bok Lee. "Two Cases of Mirror-Image Eye Anomalies in Monozygotic Twins." Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 24, no. 5 (2010): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2010.24.5.314.

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Canestrari, Niccolo, Oleg Chubar, and Ruben Reininger. "Partially coherent X-ray wavefront propagation simulations including grazing-incidence focusing optics." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (August 6, 2014): 1110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514013058.

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X-ray beamlines in modern synchrotron radiation sources make extensive use of grazing-incidence reflective optics, in particular Kirkpatrick–Baez elliptical mirror systems. These systems can focus the incoming X-rays down to nanometer-scale spot sizes while maintaining relatively large acceptance apertures and high flux in the focused radiation spots. In low-emittance storage rings and in free-electron lasers such systems are used with partially or even nearly fully coherent X-ray beams and often target diffraction-limited resolution. Therefore, their accurate simulation and modeling has to be performed within the framework of wave optics. Here the implementation and benchmarking of a wave-optics method for the simulation of grazing-incidence mirrors based on the local stationary-phase approximation or, in other words, the local propagation of the radiation electric field along geometrical rays, is described. The proposed method is CPU-efficient and fully compatible with the numerical methods of Fourier optics. It has been implemented in theSynchrotron Radiation Workshop(SRW) computer code and extensively tested against the geometrical ray-tracing codeSHADOW. The test simulations have been performed for cases without and with diffraction at mirror apertures, including cases where the grazing-incidence mirrors can be hardly approximated by ideal lenses. Good agreement between theSRWandSHADOWsimulation results is observed in the cases without diffraction. The differences between the simulation results obtained by the two codes in diffraction-dominated cases for illumination with fully or partially coherent radiation are analyzed and interpreted. The application of the new method for the simulation of wavefront propagation through a high-resolution X-ray microspectroscopy beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) is demonstrated.

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Ravi Kishore, H., and Pallavi Hosakoti. "Relevance of indirect laryngoscopy as an examination tool in present day otorhinolaryngological practice." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 6 (May 22, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202212.

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Background: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in extent of laryngeal visualization between indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) mirror and rigid endoscopy (70°) and relevance of IDL in present day otolaryngological practice.Methods: 100 patients attending to the Department of ENT, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints referable to larynx and upper digestive tract were taken up for study. All patients underwent IDL mirror and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination. The extent of laryngeal visualization by the clinician was recorded for each examination. Results: Out of 100 patients who underwent IDL mirror examination and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination in 87% of cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis and in 11% of cases we needed rigid endoscopic examination for making the diagnosis. In 2% of cases we were not able to visualize the pathologies even with rigid endoscopy, in whom we needed other modalities of examination like radiological evidence to arrive at a diagnosis.Conclusions: In the present study, in 87% of the cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis. Eleven cases needed rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination to aid in diagnosis of pathologies. Even though laryngeal mirror examination is less comfortable, causing gagging for patient and may provide less complete information when compared to rigid endoscopy because of its less expensive, better depth visualization of structures and near real size images provides a versatile tool till date. Be that as it may indirect laryngoscopic mirror examination remains the mainstay of otolaryngological practice in today’s Otolaryngology practice.

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Zhao, W. Y., T. Krings, H. Alvarez, A. Ozanne, S. Holmin, and P. L. Lasjaunias. "Spontaneous Mirror Dissections of Cervicocephalic Arteries." Interventional Neuroradiology 12, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990601200115.

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While so-called twin or mirror aneurysms constitute an established subgroup of multiple aneurysms, simultaneous spontaneous mirror dissections of cervicocephalic artery have not yet been reported as a particular entity. Among the patients treated at our institution since 1989, we identified 74 patients with spontaneous, non-traumatic dissections. Six of these cases presented with simultaneous bilateral dissections and four of the six patients had mirror dissections. Acute or chronic headache was present in all four cases. Additional clinical presentations consisted of impaired consciousness, cranial nerve palsy, and tinnitus. Angiography revealed irregular stenosis, dilatation or aneurysms located in the cervical ICA (internal carotid artery), VA (vertebral artery), or MCA (middle cerebral artery) without evident location bias. Although mirror dissections seems to be an exceptional finding, they may shed light on the vulnerability of different arterial segments to specific diseases. Similar to arterial aneurysm formation, pathogenesis of mirror dissection may involve an underlying “shared defect” in the endothelial cells, since these cells demonstrate a bilateral distribution during embryological development. This particular distribution therefore also provides a chronicle trail of the first trigger striking during embryonic development and demonstrates the segmental vulnerability to highly specific triggers.

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Zhao, W. Y., T. Krings, H. Alvarez, A. Ozanne, S. Holmin, and P. L. Lasjaunias. "Spontaneous Mirror Dissections of Cervicocephalic Arteries." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 8, no. 5 (October 1995): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099500800515.

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While so-called twin or mirror aneurysms constitute an established subgroup of multiple aneurysms, simultaneous spontaneous mirror dissections of cervicocephalic artery have not yet been reported as a particular entity. Among the patients treated at our institution since 1989, we identified 74 patients with spontaneous, non-traumatic dissections. Six of these cases presented with simultaneous bilateral dissections and four of the six patients had mirror dissections. Acute or chronic headache was present in all four cases. Additional clinical presentations consisted of impaired consciousness, cranial nerve palsy, and tinnitus. Angiography revealed irregular stenosis, dilatation or aneurysms located in the cervical ICA (internal carotid artery), VA (vertebral artery), or MCA (middle cerebral artery) without evident location bias. Although mirror dissections seems to be an exceptional finding, they may shed light on the vulnerability of different arterial segments to specific diseases. Similar to arterial aneurysm formation, pathogenesis of mirror dissection may involve an underlying “shared defect” in the endothelial cells, since these cells demonstrate a bilateral distribution during embryological development. This particular distribution therefore also provides a chronicle trail of the first trigger striking during embryonic development and demonstrates the segmental vulnerability to highly specific triggers.

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Riesz, Ferenc. "The effects of the global surface curvature on Makyoh-topogaphy imaging." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.862.

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The effects of the global curvature of the reflecting surface on Makyoh (magic-mirror) topography imaging is analysed based on a geometrical optical model. It is shown that the effects can be taken into account by introducing an equivalent screen-to-sample distance which is a function of the real screen-to-sample distance and the global curvature. The special limiting cases are discussed and analysed for practical applications. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Kugimiya, "“Makyoh”: The 2000 year old technology still alive", J. Cryst. Growth 103, 420 (1990). CrossRef P. Blaustein, S. Hahn, "Realtime inspection of wafer surfaces", Solid State Technol. 32, 27 (1989). CrossRef Z.J. Pei, G.R. Fisher, M. Bhagavat, S. Kassir, "A grinding-based manufacturing method for silicon wafers: an experimental investigation", Int. J. Machine Tools Manufacture 45, 1140 (2005). CrossRef F. Riesz, "Makyoh topography: a simple yet powerful optical method for flatness and defect characterization of mirror-like surfaces", Proc. SPIE 5458, 86 (2004). CrossRef T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama, R. Machinaka, H. Sueda, K. Ogawa, J. Japan Soc. Precision Eng. 73, 96 (2007). CrossRef G. Saines, M.G. Tomilin, "Magic mirrors of the Orient", J. Opt. Technol. 66, 758 (1999). CrossRef W.E. Ayrton, J. Perry, "The Magic Mirror of Japan. Part I", Proc. Roy. Soc. London 28, 127 (1878). CrossRef M.V. Berry, "Oriental magic mirrors and the Laplacian image", Eur. J. Phys. 27, 109 (2006). CrossRef F. Riesz, "Sensitivity and detectability in Makyoh imaging", Optik 122, 2115 (2011). CrossRef Z.J. Laczik, "Quantitative Makyoh topography", Opt. Eng. 39, 2562 (2000). CrossRef F. Riesz, "Geometrical optical model of the image formation in Makyoh (magic-mirror) topography", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33, 3033 (2000). CrossRef F. Riesz, "Camera length and field of view in Makyoh-topography instruments", Rev. Sci. Instr. 72, 1591 (2001). CrossRef J. Szabó, F. Riesz, B. Szentpáli, "Makyoh Topography: Curvature Measurements and Implications for the Image Formation", Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L258 (1996). CrossRef F. Riesz, "Non-linearity and related features of Makyoh (magic-mirror) imaging", J. Opt. 15, 075709 (2013). CrossRef A.V. Gitin, "System approach to image formation in a magic mirror", Appl. Opt. 48, 1268 (2009). CrossRef

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Weitzman, Jack. "Use of the One-Way Mirror in Child Custody Reunification Cases." Journal of Child Custody 1, no. 4 (December 22, 2004): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j190v01n04_03.

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Mogharbel, Hussain, and Jennifer C. Hunt. "Clinical Presentation and Outcome of 10 Cases of Mirror Syndrome [3P]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 131 (May 2018): 174S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000533177.85434.e5.

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Fukazawa, Hodaka, Hidehiko Kawabata, and Yoshito Matsui. "Mirror foot: treatment of three cases and review of the literature." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 3, no. 4 (August 2009): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11832-009-0186-5.

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Méneret, Aurélie, Oriane Trouillard, Marie Vidailhet, Christel Depienne, and Emmanuel Roze. "Congenital mirror movements: no mutation in DNAL4 in 17 index cases." Journal of Neurology 261, no. 10 (September 19, 2014): 2030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7505-6.

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KRATTENTHALER, C., and T. RIVOAL. "ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF MIRROR MAPS." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 92, no. 2 (April 2012): 195–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788712000122.

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AbstractWe consider a multi-parameter family of canonical coordinates and mirror maps originally introduced by Zudilin. This family includes many of the known one-variable mirror maps as special cases, in particular many of modular origin and the celebrated ‘quintic’ example of Candelas, de la Ossa, Green and Parkes. In a previous paper, we proved that all coefficients in the Taylor expansions at 0 of these canonical coordinates (and, hence, of the corresponding mirror maps) are integers. Here we prove that all coefficients in their Taylor expansions at 0 are positive. Furthermore, we provide several results about the behaviour of the canonical coordinates and mirror maps as complex functions. In particular, we address their analytic continuation, points of singularity, and radius of covergence. We present several very precise conjectures on the radius of covergence of the mirror maps and the sign pattern of the coefficients in their Taylor expansions at 0.

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Vít, Tomáš, Radek Melich, Jan Václavík, and Vít Lédl. "Design of Precise Lightweight Mirror." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2717.

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The presented paper shows results from the mechanical design of lightweight mirrors for space applications, where demand for maximum weight loss goes together with demands for sufficient strength, shape accuracy, and surface quality of optical surfaces. The paper illustrates the material properties of different materials, which are often used for manufacturing precise optics. It compares three materials – e.g. optical glass such as NFS-15, optical ceramic such as Zerodur, and Silicon-infiltrated sintered Silicon Carbide – from the point of view of suitability for machining and their mechanical and thermal properties. It also shows the possibility of mass reduction by using different geometries of lightweight structure. Paper shows the results of numerical simulations of specified load-cases and comparison of different lightweight structures and different materials with respect to their strength and stiffness.

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Rempfer, Gertrude F. "Toward The Simultaneous Correction of Spherical and Chromatic Aberration in Electron Optics by Means of an Electrostatic Electron Mirror." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179786.

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Optimum performance in electron and ion imaging instruments, such as electron microscopes and probe-forming instruments, in most cases depends on a compromise either between imaging errors due to spherical and chromatic aberrations and the diffraction error or between the imaging errors and the current in the image. These compromises result in the use of very small angular apertures. Reducing the spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients would permit the use of larger apertures with resulting improved performance, granted that other problems such as incorrect operation of the instrument or spurious disturbances do not interfere. One approach to correcting aberrations which has been investigated extensively is through the use of multipole electric and magnetic fields. Another approach involves the use of foil windows. However, a practical system for correcting spherical and chromatic aberration is not yet available.Our approach to correction of spherical and chromatic aberration makes use of an electrostatic electron mirror. Early studies of the properties of electron mirrors were done by Recknagel. More recently my colleagues and I have studied the properties of the hyperbolic electron mirror as a function of the ratio of accelerating voltage to mirror voltage. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the mirror are of opposite sign (overcorrected) from those of electron lenses (undercorrected). This important property invites one to find a way to incorporate a correcting mirror in an electron microscope. Unfortunately, the parts of the beam heading toward and away from the mirror must be separated. A transverse magnetic field can separate the beams, but in general the deflection aberrations degrade the image. The key to avoiding the detrimental effects of deflection aberrations is to have deflections take place at image planes. Our separating system is shown in Fig. 1. Deflections take place at the separating magnet and also at two additional magnetic deflectors. The uncorrected magnified image formed by the objective lens is focused in the first deflector, and relay lenses transfer the image to the separating magnet. The interface lens and the hyperbolic mirror acting in zoom fashion return the corrected image to the separating magnet, and the second set of relay lenses transfers the image to the final deflector, where the beam is deflected onto the projection axis.

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Standley, Eleanor. "Ladies Hunting: A Late Medieval Decorated Mirror Case from Shapwick, Somerset." Antiquaries Journal 88 (September 2008): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500001396.

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This paper examines a later medieval small find excavated from Shapwick, Somerset. A multi-disciplinary approach is taken to understand the use of the decorated object, identified as a mirror case, and its symbolic meaning as a possible love when. Comparisons are made with other finds of metal mirror cases from mainland Britain and ivory examples from the Continent with depictions of hunting scenes. The imagery of hunting and hawking is discussed in relation to contemporary material culture in order to identify the socio-cultural significance of this activity and the mirror case.

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Djalil, Thaher, Otte J. Rachman, Hadi Purnomo, and Bambang Madiyono. "Left Atrial Rhythm in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease." Paediatrica Indonesiana 18, no. 5-6 (June 13, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi18.5-6.1978.173-84.

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Rogalsky, Corianne, Tracy Love, David Driscoll, Steven W. Anderson, and Gregory Hickok. "Are mirror neurons the basis of speech perception? Evidence from five cases with damage to the purported human mirror system." Neurocase 17, no. 2 (March 11, 2011): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2010.509318.

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Juranic, Pavle, Kai Tiedtke, Shigeki Owada, Takahiro Tanaka, Ulf Jastrow, Andrey Sorokin, Luc Patthey, et al. "Transmission measurement at the Bernina branch of the Aramis Beamline of SwissFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 2081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519013237.

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The transmission of the optical components of the Bernina branch of the Aramis beamline at SwissFEL has been measured with an X-ray gas monitor from DESY and compared with a PSI gas detector upstream of the optical components. The transmission efficiencies of the Mo, Si and SiC mirror coatings of the Aramis beamline and the various other in-beam components were evaluated and compared with theoretical calculations, showing an agreement of 6% or better in all cases. The experiment has also shown the efficacy of the high-harmonic rejection mirrors at the Bernina branch of the Aramis beamline at SwissFEL, and characterized the transmission efficiency of the on-line spectrometer in the Aramis beamline. The theoretical transmission of the mirror coatings match the experimental data to within 7%. The accuracy of these measurements was checked against a radiative bolometer from a Japanese collaboration and found to agree to a level of 4% or better. Further comparisons with a diamond detector from a US-based inter-institute collaboration demonstrated a good agreement for the attenuator settings of the beamline.

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Panaite, Florin. "Iterated crossed products." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 13, no. 07 (May 2, 2014): 1450036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498814500364.

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We define a "mirror version" of Brzeziński's crossed product and we prove that, under certain circumstances, a Brzeziński crossed product D ⊗R,σ V and a mirror version [Formula: see text] may be iterated, obtaining an algebra structure on W ⊗ D ⊗ V. Particular cases of this construction are the iterated twisted tensor product of algebras and the quasi-Hopf two-sided smash product.

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Arif, Muhammad, Suci Mustika, and Def Primal. "PENGARUH TERAPI CERMIN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN GERAK PADA PASIEN STROKE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KUMPULAN KABUPATEN PASAMAN." JURNAL KESEHATAN PERINTIS (Perintis's Health Journal) 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v6i1.239.

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Background: Stroke is a disease or functional disorder of the brain in the form of nerve paralysis due to inhibition of blood vassel flow to the brain. Based on Medikal Record data of Kumpulan Public Health Center 2016, there were 67 cases. Whereas in 2017 there were 81 cases of stroke 25 witch of them outpatients who experience weakness in the limb and have never received mirror therapy. Objective: This study was to investigate "the effect of mirror therapy on the ability of motion in stroke patients in Kumpulan Public Health Center on 2018. Method: This study used the quasi-experimental method of One Group Pretest-postest. Interventions: Mirror therapy performed 5-10 minutes, once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The sample in this study were 11 respondents. Results: This research has been conducted from February 5 to March 3, 2018. The results of statistical tests obtained p value 0,000 wich it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the mirror therapy on the ability of motion in stroke patients in Kumpulan Public Health 2018 year. Conclusion and Suggestions: It is recommended that mirror therapy should be used as one of the nonpharmacologic therapies in patients with weak extremities either through the provision of education in educational institutions and in health services by health care provider.

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Meneret, A., C. Depienne, F. Riant, O. Trouillard, D. Bouteiller, M. Cincotta, P. Bitoun, et al. "Congenital mirror movements: Mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases." Neurology 82, no. 22 (May 7, 2014): 1999–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000000477.

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Torul, Damla, and Mehmet Omezli. "Mirror-image phenomenon in Turkish monozygotic twins: A report of 3 cases." Dental and Medical Problems 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/dmp/114248.

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Mitra, Sayantanava, S. Haque Nizamie, Nishant Goyal, Sai Krishna Tikka, and Anjana Rao Kavoor. "Comparing mirror neuron system activity between sporadic and familial cases of schizophrenia." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 21 (June 2016): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2015.06.020.

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Galitsyna, Aleksandra Alekseevna, Ekaterina Evgenyevna Khrameeva, Sergey Vladimirovich Razin, Mikhail Sergeevich Gelfand, and Aleksey Aleksandrovich Gavrilov. ""Mirror reads" in Hi-C data." Genomics and Computational Biology 3, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18547/gcb.2017.vol3.iss1.e36.

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The detailed analysis of chromatin structure has been enabled due to rapid development of chromosome conformation capture techniques. One of the most popular and widespread variations is high throughput conformation capture, or Hi-C, based on paired-end sequencing. Although a standard data analysis protocol exists to process Hi-C output, some results are still controversially interpreted, for example pairs of reads that are mapped to the same strand of the same restriction fragment. Here we propose the name ”mirror reads” for these cases and investigate possible biological and methodological context of their emergence. We test multiple hypotheses of mirror reads origin, such as genome duplications, replication fork, cohesion of sister chromatids, and homologous chromosome pairing. The current work demonstrates the association of mirror reads with the presence of homologous chromosomes in the nuclei, and homologous pairing. The results support biological relevance of mirror reads.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The effect of Tilt Angle, Surface Azimuth and Mirror in Solar Cell Panel Output in Baghdad." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.652-657.

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In this research (100* 40* 4 cm) solar cell panel was used in Baghdad at autumn season (2010), to get best solar cell panel angles experimentally, and then a mirror (40*50 cm) is use to concentrate incident sunlight intensity on a panel. At first case we get (Tilt angle ?P =60°and Surface Azimuth angle ?P =36°E) is the best angles and other case, we add a mirror at angle = 120° at bottom of panel, then we get output power (27.48watt) is bigger than without using a mirror (25.16watt). We can benefit from these cases in variety applications.

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CIARCELLUTI, PAOLO. "COSMOLOGY WITH MIRROR DARK MATTER II: COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND AND LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 02 (February 2005): 223–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006225.

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This is the second paper of a series devoted to the study of the cosmological implications of the existence of mirror dark matter. The parallel hidden mirror world has the same microphysics as the observable one and couples the latter only gravitationally. The primordial nucleosynthesis bounds demand that the mirror sector should have a smaller temperature T′ than the ordinary one T, and by this reason its evolution can be substantially deviated from the standard cosmology. In this paper we take scalar adiabatic perturbations as the input in a flat Universe, and compute the power spectra for ordinary and mirror CMB and LSS, changing the cosmological parameters, and always comparing with the CDM case. We find differences in both the CMB and LSS power spectra, and we demonstrate that the LSS spectrum is particularly sensitive to the mirror parameters, due to the presence of both the oscillatory features of mirror baryons and the collisional mirror Silk damping. For x<0.3 the mirror baryon–photon decoupling happens before the matter–radiation equality, so that CMB and LSS power spectra in linear regime are equivalent for mirror and CDM cases. For higher x-values the LSS spectra strongly depend on the amount of mirror baryons. Finally, qualitatively comparing with the present observational limits on the CMB and LSS spectra, we show that for x<0.3 the entire dark matter could be made of mirror baryons, while in the case x≳0.3 the pattern of the LSS power spectrum excludes the possibility of dark matter consisting entirely of mirror baryons, but they could present as admixture (up to ~50%) to the conventional CDM.

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Joshi, Pushpa Raj, Sharad Pokhrel, and Narad Prashad Thapaliya. "Mirror of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Lumbini Provincial Hospital." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v10i2.29672.

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Background: Upper Gastro Intestinal (UGI) endoscopy is a common and important procedure for UGI problems. In Nepal, especially to this region, there have not been many scientific studies about the pattern of diseases seen on UGI endoscopy. This study aimed to enlist patterns of upper GI endoscopic findings done in Lumbini Provincial Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients who underwent UGI endoscopy from August 2017 to February 2018. Data were retrieved retrospectively from prospectively maintained data in computer-based systems and analyzed with SPSS-20. Results: A total of 200 patients underwent UGI Endoscopy during the study period. Among them, females were 110 (55.0%) and males were 90(45.0%). The mean age of the study population was 46.3% (SD, 17.75). The pain abdomen was the most common indication for UGI endoscopy with 166 cases (83.0%) followed by gastrointestinal bleeding with 22 cases (11.0%). Benign lesions were seen in most of the cases which include non-ulcerative lesions 117(58.5%) and ulcerative benign lesions 72(36%). Malignancies found in 7(3.5%) cases and normal findings in 4 cases. Conclusions: This study outlines the most common indications for upper GI endoscopy in our set up and disease patterns in those patients. This study will be helpful for an epidemiological study.

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Stasiewicz, K., and C. Z. Cheng. "Modelling of mirror mode structures as propagating slow magnetosonic solitons." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 12 (December 2, 2009): 4379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4379-2009.

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Abstract. Cluster measurements in the magnetosheath with spacecraft separations of 2000 km indicate that magnetic pulsations interpreted as mirror mode structures are not frozen in plasma flow, but do propagate with speeds of up to ~50 km/s. Properties of these pulsations are shown to be consistent with propagating slow magnetosonic solitons. By using nonlinear two fluid theory we demonstrate that the well known classical mirror instability condition corresponds to a small subset in a continuum of exponentially varying solutions. With the measured plasma moments we have determined parameters of the polybaric pressure model in the region of occurrence of mirror type structures and applied it to numerical modelling of these structures. In individual cases we obtain excellent agreement between observed mirror mode structures and numerical solutions for magnetosonic solitons.

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Abdulkadyrov, Magomed, Aleksandr Semenov, Nikolay Dobrikov, Aleksandr Ignatov, and Vladimir Patrikeev. "Final Figuring of Optical Components Surfaces Considering Deformations Introduced by Support System." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921506005.

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Membrane-pneumatic support systems for mirror mounting are often used at JSC LZOS during working surface tests while producing of large-dimensioned optical components of astronomical and space application. However, in some cases, it is necessary to support the mirror by glued interface elements. In such case, the difference in the surface shape between the standard and the technological support, which is considered during figuring, is calculated by means of modelling.

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Cooney, Craig A. "Epigenetics—DNA-Based Mirror of our Environment?" Disease Markers 23, no. 1-2 (2007): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/394034.

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Epigenetics affects health, appearance and behavior and propagates mammalian phenotypes across generations. Nutrients, drugs and behavior can all direct changes in epigenetics. In at least some cases, these directed changes are propagated across generations. This range of influences on epigenetics suggests that epigenetics is highly interactive with the environment. Changes in the environment may regularly change epigenetics and influence our future responses to the environment. The current research challenge is to understand these influences and use them to direct epigenetics toward improved health and longevity.

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Machado-Atias, Ivan, Guillermo Anselmi, Ivan Machado-Hernandez, and Cecilia Febres. "Discordances between the different types of atrial arrangement and the positions of the thoraco-abdominal organs." Cardiology in the Young 11, no. 5 (September 2001): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951101000798.

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Numerous investigations have addressed the most appropriate anatomical structures to be used for the identification of segmental arrangement (“situs”). Variations from normal have been termed “heterotaxy syndromes”. The assumption is frequently made that, in such instances, all the organs in a given individual case follow the same rules for segmental morphology. This leads to confusion. The starting point for cardiac analysis is the structure of the atriums. On this basis, we can define viscero-atrial discordance when, in usual arrangement, mirror imagery, and heterotaxy, the atriums and their appendages are no longer concordant with the remaining thoracic and abdominal organs. With this in mind, we examined a large number of autopsied specimens to identify all possible variations of thoracic structures and abdominal organs relative to atrial arrangement. We analyzed 1100 malformed hearts. Of these, 1046 had usual arrangement with normally situated heart (95%); 10 cases had usual arrangement with right-sided heart (0.90%); 25 showed mirror imagery (2.27%), and 19 were found with heterotaxy (1.72%). There was a total of 54 hearts of usual arrangement with right-sided heart, mirror imagery and heterotaxy, (4.90%) and, amongst them, 17 showed viscero-atrial discordances (31.48%). In those having usual arrangement with right-sided heart, there were 2 cases (20%); 8 in those with mirror imagery (32%); and 7 in heterotaxy (36.8%). In the 1046 cases of usual arrangement with normally situated heart, there were 12 examples of viscero-atrial discordances (1.14%). In all, we found a total of 29 cases of viscero-atrial discordances. Taken together, the discordances are best dealt with by describing separately, in every case of normal or abnormal atrial arrangement, the thoracic structures, the atrial appendages, and the abdominal organs. In the final analysis, the diagnosis of the cardiac arrangement rests on the location and morphology of the atriums and their appendages.

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Sheikh, Ali Sibtain Farooq, and Ernest Wong. "Erosive rheumatoid arthritis in a young patient with mirror hand." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 2 (February 2019): bcr—2018–227739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-227739.

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Mirror hand is a congenital anomaly characterised by duplication of the ulnar ray, resulting in polydactyly and functional disability of the hand. It can cause arthralgias and weakness in intrinsic muscles of the hand. We present a young woman who had a surgically corrected mirror hand and subsequently developed aggressive rheumatoid arthritis, which increased her limitations to a significant degree. Early diagnosis and treatment in such cases is very important to prevent long-term disability.

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Lucek, E. A., M. W. Dunlop, A. Balogh, P. Cargill, W. Baumjohann, E. Georgescu, G. Haerendel, and G. H. Fornacon. "Identification of magnetosheath mirror modes in Equator-S magnetic field data." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 12 (December 31, 1999): 1560–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1560-9.

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Abstract. Between December 1997 and March 1998 Equator-S made a number of excursions into the dawn-side magnetosheath, over a range of local times between 6:00 and 10:40 LT. Clear mirror-like structures, characterised by compressive fluctuations in |B| on occasion lasting for up to 5 h, were observed during a significant fraction of these orbits. During most of these passes the satellite appeared to remain close to the magnetopause (within 1–2 Re), during sustained compressions of the magnetosphere, and so the characteristics of the mirror structures are used as a diagnostic of magnetosheath structure close to the magnetopause during these orbits. It is found that in the majority of cases mirror-like activity persists, undamped, to within a few minutes of the magnetopause, with no observable ramp in |B|, irrespective of the magnetic shear across the boundary. This suggests that any plasma depletion layer is typically of narrow extent or absent at the location of the satellite, at least during the subset of orbits containing strong magnetosheath mirror-mode signatures. Power spectra for the mirror signatures show predominately field aligned power, a well defined shoulder at around 3–10 x 10 –2 Hz and decreasing power at higher frequencies. On occasions the fluctuations are more sinusoidal, leading to peaked spectra instead of a shoulder. In all cases mirror structures are found to lie approximately parallel to the observed magnetopause boundary. There is some indication that the amplitude of the compressional fluctuations tends to be greater closer to the magnetopause. This has not been previously reported in the Earth's magnetosphere, but has been suggested in the case of other planets.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetosheath; plasma waves and instabilities; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers)

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Gomaa, Mohamed, Ramadan Mustafa, Hegazy Rezk, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, and A. Al-Salaymeh. "Sizing Methodology of a Multi-Mirror Solar Concentrated Hybrid PV/Thermal System." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123276.

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The use of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system significantly reduces the required solar cell area that often accounts for the major cost of a PV solar system. A comprehensive performance analysis of a multi-mirror solar concentrated hybrid PV thermal (CPVT) system was conducted. Among different concentrating systems, Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) systems are more effective due to their simplicity of operation and low fabrication cost. A mathematical model and the simulation of a CPVT system employing a linear configuration and horizontal absorber is developed here in order to evaluate its performance parameters, using a FORTRAN programing technique. The concentrator system consists of, different width of flat glass mirrors placed under various inclination angles, focusing sunlight on to the PV solar cells mounted along the active cooling system. The effect of focus distance on concentration ratio, collector width, and heat gained by the coolant fluid are investigated. All parameters of the linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator system are determined and the effect of cooling mass flow rate and cooling inlet temperature upon the system performance is evaluated. With regards to simulation results obtained via the focus distances, the width of mirrors decreased by increasing the number of mirrors, and in turn by increasing the focus distances, this resulted in an increase in CR values. For the specific number of mirrors, concentration ratio increased simultaneously increasing the focus distance; furthermore, increasing the number of mirrors resulted in a reduction in both the width of the mirrors and their inclination angles, and an increase in CR values. The results further confirmed that the total (combined electrical-thermal) efficiency is higher than that of the individual electrical as well as thermal efficiency; reaching approximately 80% and showed no sensitivity to the rises in cooling water temperature for temperature cases under consideration.

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Prasad, G., and Sumit Sinha. "Traumatic Symmetric Biparietal Extradural Hematoma: Report of Two Cases." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 06, no. 02 (April 12, 2017): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584596.

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AbstractTraumatic bilateral epidural hematomas (EDHs) are uncommon and are mostly found in the frontal region because of extension of fracture across the midline and tear of venous sinus. Authors report two cases of mirror image biparietal extradural hematoma after sustaining a high-velocity motor vehicle accident. Both were adult males and had a very low admission GCS of less than 8. Emergency hematoma evacuation was performed bilaterally and good outcomes were achieved in both. Mean follow-up duration was 9 months. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are different from solitary EDH as are the clinical features and outcomes. The rarity of these lesions and surgical nuances are highlighted.

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Störkle, Johannes, Luzia Hahn, and Peter Eberhard. "Simulation of segmented mirrors with adaptive optics." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2018-0063.

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Abstract This work deals with the simulation-based investigation and control of optical systems that are mechanically influenced. Here, the focus is on the dynamic-optical modeling of vibration-sensitive, segmented mirror systems, which are used, for example, in large astronomic telescopes. Furthermore, an adaptive optical unit usually compensates for the optical aberrations due to atmospheric disturbances. In practice, these aberrations are detected and corrected within a few seconds using deformable mirrors. However, to further improve the performance of these optical systems, dynamic disturbances in the mechanics, i.e. small movements and deformations of the optical surfaces, must also be taken into account. For the investigation of such cases, multidisciplinary simulation methods are developed and presented.

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Levy, Walter J. "Proposal for Bipolar Coagulation of the Sella Turcica Wall during Pituitary Tumor Operation." Neurosurgery 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198710000-00030.

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Abstract Convoluted morphology, limited visualization, and the lack of appropriate instruments limit the surgical approach to the walls of the sella turcica. They are, however, a site of local invasion and retained tumor fragments in cases of pituitary lesions. Effective bipolar coagulation within the sella turcica could reduce recurrence from local invasion, but it is made difficult because rigid bipolar forceps cannot fit effectively or safely against the complex contours of the walls there. Effective coagulation and thorough tumor removal are further frustrated by the lack of direct visualization of either the sella walls or the part of the floor adjacent to the surgical opening. It would be desirable, however, to coagulate the dura mater and retained tumor fragments. As an aid in this problem, we are reporting the use of a flexible bipolar coagulation system in two forms and of a mirror system for visualization in the sella without requiring the removal of one hand from surgical maneuvers. A pair of parallel flexible wire extensions to the standard bipolar forceps can be shaped by the surgeon into a contour that will coagulate the specific local terrain. A web of wire woven into one surface of a cotton patty, which is a bipolar coagulation system, supplements the wire loops. This allows the walls of the sella turcica to be coagulated more effectively where the contours are difficult to gauge and not well visualized. For visualization of the sella turcica walls and floor, we have used a small front surface mirror 1.0 mm thick. With a small suction-cotton patty placed behind the mirror, the mirrior can be used to dry fields or those with a mild ooze. It provides good visualization of the sellar walls when focused on by an operating microscope. In 11 cases, this system was an aid in control of bleeding and allowed coagulation of the sella walls. Furthermore, it has allowed identification of persistent tumor fragments on the sella wall in 3 cases. These fragments were then removed, and their attachment was coagulated. This capability may allow identification and coagulation of tumor that cannot be reached currently. If these sites are so treated, recurrence rates may be reduced significantly.

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Grzegorzewski, Paweł, Kamila Stańczak, Andrzej Grzegorzewski, and Piotr Kozłowski. "MIRROR FOOT, POSSIBLE CORRECTION OF DEFORMATION – CASE REPORT." Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion – IRONS, no. 34 (March 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19271/irons-000132-2021-34.

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The mirror foot is a rare, congenital defect characterized by a mirror image of polydactyly. Due to a small number of cases and rarity of this condition, the definitions and classifications are incomplete. This report provides description of the treatment of patient hadeight fingers and eight metatarsal bones in his right foot with normal crus bones. A positive result of treatment was achieved with surgical treatment by removing the three middle fingers along with the metatarsal bones and bringing the first and fifth radii of the foot closer. One year after surgery, the appearance and function of the foot are normal, and the child is wearing standard footwear. There are no clear guidelines for treatment of mirror foot. In the case of proper tibia and fibula, resection of the excess radii of the foot is recommended, starting with the hypoplastic radii. Keywords: mirror foot, resection of foot radius, deformation classification

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Olivella, A., J. M. Martínez, M. López, M. Del Río, M. Bennasar, B. Puerto, O. Coll, and E. Gratacós. "P05.07: Two cases of ‘Mirror syndrome’ in TTTS with and without fetoscopic treatment." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2006): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.3582.

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RAMACHANDRAN, V., RAVI P. RAMACHANDRAN, and C. S. GARGOUR. "NEW Z-DOMAIN CONTINUED FRACTION EXPANSIONS BASED ON AN INFINITE NUMBER OF MIRROR-IMAGE AND ANTI-MIRROR-IMAGE POLYNOMIAL DECOMPOSITIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 03 (June 2008): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004423.

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A magnitude response preserving modification of the denominator polynomial of a causal and stable digital transfer function leads to an infinite number of decompositions into a mirror-image polynomial (MIP) and an anti-mirror-image polynomial (AMIP). Properties and identifications of the MIP and AMIP are given. The identifications of Schussler and Davis, and the line spectral frequency formulation are special cases of the general MIP and AMIP decompositions introduced in this paper. Two types of Discrete Reactance Functions (DRF) are constructed. From these DRFs, five new continued fraction expansions (CFE) are developed, and some properties are obtained.

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Treumann, Rudolf A., and Wolfgang Baumjohann. "Electron mirror branch: observational evidence from “historical” AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S measurements." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 6 (November 28, 2018): 1563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018.

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Abstract. Based on now “historical” magnetic observations, supported by few available plasma data, and wave spectra from the AMPTE-IRM spacecraft, and also on “historical” Equator-S high-cadence magnetic field observations of mirror modes in the magnetosheath near the dayside magnetopause, we present observational evidence for a recent theoretical evaluation by Noreen et al. (2017) of the contribution of a global (bulk) electron temperature anisotropy to the evolution of mirror modes, giving rise to a separate electron mirror branch. We also refer to related low-frequency lion roars (whistlers) excited by the trapped resonant electron component in the high-temperature anisotropic collisionless plasma of the magnetosheath. These old data most probably indicate that signatures of the anisotropic electron effect on mirror modes had indeed already been observed long ago in magnetic and wave data, though they had not been recognised as such. Unfortunately either poor time resolution or complete lack of plasma data would have inhibited the confirmation of the required pressure balance in the electron branch for unambiguous confirmation of a separate electron mirror mode. If confirmed by future high-resolution observations (like those provided by the MMS mission), in both cases the large mirror mode amplitudes suggest that mirror modes escape quasilinear saturation, being in a state of weak kinetic plasma turbulence. As a side product, this casts as erroneous the frequent claim that the excitation of lion roars (whistlers) would eventually saturate the mirror instability by depleting the bulk temperature anisotropy. Whistlers, excited in mirror modes, just flatten the anisotropy of the small population of resonant electrons responsible for them, without having any effect on the global electron-pressure anisotropy, which causes the electron branch and by no means at all on the ion-mirror instability. For the confirmation of both the electron mirror branch and its responsibility for trapping of electrons and resonantly exciting high-frequency whistlers, also known as lion roars, high time- and energy-resolution observations of electrons (as provided for instance by MMS) are required.

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Fliess, Sabine, Stefan Dyck, and Mailin Schmelter. "Mirror, mirror on the wall – how customers perceive their contribution to service provision." Journal of Service Management 25, no. 4 (August 12, 2014): 433–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-09-2013-0266.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate customer perceptions of their own contribution to service provision, in order to enhance our understanding of customer contribution and its dimensions. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 27 in-depth interviews were conducted across nine service contexts. Qualitative data were then analyzed to identify the various dimensions of customer contribution. Findings – First, the study contributes to the understanding of customer contribution in identifying physical, mental, and emotional dimensions. The physical and mental dimensions of customer contribution are represented by activities, while emotions comprise mood and emotional states. Second, relationships among the three dimensions were identified; in particular, physical and mental activities were found to influence customer emotions. Third, the findings reveal that customer understanding of their own contribution to service provision encompass the co-creative sphere of customer and provider, and extends to the customer-sphere before the service encounter. Research limitations/implications – The qualitative study is limited in terms of generalizability, since the 27 interview cases were based on nine interviews each covering three service settings. Further research is needed to investigate how the dimensions of customer contribution are linked to different outcomes (e.g. service value, satisfaction, loyalty), thus providing a quantitative validation of our findings. Practical implications – Understanding the customer contribution to service provision is pivotal for service design. Service managers need to reflect on how the different dimensions of contribution manifest in their existing or potential service offering, since physical and mental customer activities shape their emotions, which in turn impact on the service experience and value. Originality/value – Little in-depth research has been conducted on the nature and dimensionality of customer contributions to service provision, particularly with regard to perceptions of their own contribution. Most previous empirical research on customer contribution is limited to a specific context and concerned with customer behaviors. Hence, this qualitative study examines customer contribution across different service context, focussing on customer perceptions in terms of physical, mental, and emotional contributions to service provision.

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Жихарев, Л., and L. Zhikharev. "Reflection from Curved Mirrors in a Plane." Geometry & Graphics 7, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c9203adb22641.01479568.

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Reflection from a certain mirror is one of the main types of transformations in geometry. On a plane a mirror represents a straight line. When reflecting, we obtain an object, each point of which is symmetric with respect to this straight line. In this paper have been considered examples of reflection from a circle – a general case of a straight line, if the latter is defined through a circle of infinite radius. While analyzing a simple reflection and generalization of this process to the cases of such curvature of the mirror, an interesting phenomenon was found – an increase in the reflection dimension by one, that is, under reflection of a one-dimensional object from the circle, a two-dimensional curve is obtained. Thus, under reflection of a point from the circle was obtained the family of Pascal's snails. The main cases, related to reflection from a circular mirror the simplest two-dimensional objects – a segment and a circle at their various arrangement, were also considered. In these examples, the reflections are two-dimensional objects – areas of bizarre shape, bounded by sections of curves – Pascal snails. The most interesting is the reflection of two-dimensional objects on a plane, because the reflection is too informative to fit in the appropriate space. To represent the models of obtained reflections, it was proposed to move into three-dimensional space, and also developed a general algorithm allowing obtain the object reflection from the curved mirror in the space of any dimension. Threedimensional models of the reflections obtained by this algorithm have been presented. This paper reveals the prospects for further research related to transition to three-dimensional space and reflection of objects from a spherical surface (possibility to obtain four-dimensional and five-dimensional reflections), as well as studies of reflections from geometric curves in the plane, and more complex surfaces in space.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mirror cases'

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