Journal articles: 'Mirror images'

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Herald, Kaitlin J., and Daniel A. Tolpin. "Images in Anesthesiology: Mirror Image." Anesthesiology 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001250.

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Raven, Arlene, and Frances Borzello. "Mirror Images." Women's Review of Books 16, no. 4 (January 1999): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023103.

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Donahue, Arwen, Julia Epstein, and Lori Hope Lefkovitz. "Mirror Images." Women's Review of Books 19, no. 4 (January 2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023843.

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Williamson, H. G. M. "Mirror Images." Expository Times 117, no. 1 (January 2005): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524605058720.

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Doody, Timothy John. "Mirror Images." Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 64, no. 1 (March 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154230501006400114.

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Lackenbauer, P. Whitney. "Mirror Images?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 65, no. 4 (December 2010): 879–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070201006500417.

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McClintock, P. V. E. "Mirror images." Nature 345, no. 6274 (May 1990): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345396a0.

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Sisson, George M. "Mirror images." Vistas in Astronomy 35 (January 1992): 345–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(92)90001-m.

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BENEDEK, ELISSA P. "Mirror Images." American Journal of Psychiatry 142, no. 12 (December 1985): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.12.1502.

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Desjardins, Julie K., and Russell D. Fernald. "What do fish make of mirror images?" Biology Letters 6, no. 6 (May 12, 2010): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0247.

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Fish act aggressively towards their mirror image suggesting that they consider it another individual, whereas in some mammals behavioural response to mirrors may be an evidence of self-recognition. Since fish cannot self-recognize, we asked whether they could distinguish between fighting a mirror image and fighting a real fish. We compared molecular, physiological and behavioural responses in each condition and found large differences in brain gene expression levels. Although neither levels of aggressive behaviour nor circulating androgens differed between these conditions, males fighting a mirror image had higher immediate early gene (IEG) expression in brain areas homologous to the amygdala and hippocampus than controls. Since amygdalar responses are associated with fear and fear conditioning in other species, higher levels of brain activation when fighting a mirror suggest fish experience fear in response to fights with a mirror image. Clearly, the fish recognize something unusual about the mirror image and the differential brain response may reflect a cognitive distinction.

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Yan, Shuqin. "Mirror Images in "The Double Life of Vronique"." Communications in Humanities Research 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/24/20231658.

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Krzysztof Kielowski was a world-class French director of Polish descendant whose early documentaries had a strong realistic style, and his later work, represented by the Red, White, and Blue Trilogy, showed a strong personal style and philosophical thinking of human beings. The Double Life of Vronique is his transition work, essential in the shift from Poland to the West. The use of mirrors as imagery and the mirror-parallel structure of the two women's stories become an essential way to express the core of the film. This paper will analyze the film's audio-visual language and mirror expressions, starting from the mirror and the mirror-parallel structure, to reveal how Kielowski uses virtual images and metaphors to express the universal experience of women as subjectivity in the filmusing Jacques Lacan's mirror stage to illustrate how Weronika and Vronique establish their subjectivity. Also, Krzysztof Kielowski created several layers of mirror relationships, all of which apply to the crystal of time of Gilles Deleuze's theory.

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Ueno, Hiroshi, Shunsuke Suemitsu, Shinji Murakami, Naoya Kitamura, Kenta Wani, Yu Takahashi, Yosuke Matsumoto, Motoi Okamoto, and Takeshi Ishihara. "Behavioural Changes in Mice after Getting Accustomed to the Mirror." Behavioural Neurology 2020 (February 3, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4071315.

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Patients with brain function disorders due to stroke or dementia may show inability to recognize themselves in the mirror. Although the cognitive ability to recognize mirror images has been investigated in many animal species, the animal species that can be used for experimentation and the mechanisms involved in recognition remain unclear. We investigated whether mice have the ability to recognize their mirror images. Demonstrating evidence of this in mice would be useful for researching the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying this ability. We examined whether mice preferred mirrors, whether plastic tapes on their heads increased their interest, and whether mice accustomed to mirrors learnt its physical phenomenon. Mice were significantly more interested in live stranger mice than mirrors. Mice with tape on their heads spent more time before mirrors. Becoming accustomed to mirrors did not change their behaviour. Mice accustomed to mirrors had significantly increased interest in photos of themselves over those of strangers and cage-mates. These results indicated that mice visually recognized plastic tape adherent to reflected individuals. Mice accustomed to mirrors were able to discriminate between their images, cage-mates, and stranger mice. However, it is still unknown whether mice recognize that the reflected images are of themselves.

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Zhao, Wu-Xiang, Han-Le Zhang, Qing-Lin Ji, Huan Deng, and Da-Hai Li. "Aerial Projection 3D Display Based on Integral Imaging." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090381.

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We proposed an aerial projection 3D display based on integral imaging. It is composed of a projector, a lens-array holographic optical element (HOE), and two parabolic mirrors. The lens-array HOE is a diffraction grating and is made by the volume holography technique. The lens-array HOE can be produced on a thin glass plate, and it has the optical properties of a lens array when the Bragg condition is satisfied. When the display beams of the element image array (EIA) are projected on the lens-array HOE, 3D images can be reconstructed. The two parabolic mirrors can project 3D images into the air. The Bragg-unmatched light simply passes through the lens-array HOE. Therefore, the aerial projection 3D images appear to be imaged in the air without any medium. In the experiment, a BenQ projector was used for the projection of 3D images, with a resolution of 1600 × 1200. The diameter and the height of each parabolic mirror are 150 mm and 25 mm, respectively. The inner diameter of the parabolic mirror is 40 mm. The 3D images were projected in the air, and the experimental results prove the correctness of our display system.

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Diver, Richard B., and Timothy A. Moss. "Practical Field Alignment of Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrators." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (June 5, 2006): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710496.

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In this paper a new technique for parabolic trough mirror alignment based on the use of an innovative theoretical overlay photographic (TOP) approach is described. The technique is a variation on methods used to align mirrors on parabolic dish systems. It involves overlaying theoretical images of the heat collection element (HCE) in the mirrors onto carefully surveyed photographic images and adjustment of mirror alignment until they match. From basic geometric principles, for any given viewer location the theoretical shape and location of the reflected HCE image in the aligned mirrors can be predicted. The TOP approach promises to be practical and straightforward, and inherently aligns the mirrors to the HCE. Alignment of an LS-2 mirror module on the rotating platform at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) with the TOP technique along with how it might be implemented in a large solar field is described. Comparison of the TOP alignment to the distant observer approach on the NSTTF LS-2 is presented and the governing equations used to draw the theoretical overlays are developed. Alignment uncertainty associated with this technique is predicted to be less than the mirror slope error.

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Craven, Rebecca. "Mirror images of asymmetry." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, no. 9 (September 2005): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1757.

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Nute, H. Dale. "Mirror Images in Knots." Journal of Forensic Sciences 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 11881J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs11881j.

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Xu, Ke, Tsun Wai Siu, and Rynson W. H. Lau. "ZOOM: Learning Video Mirror Detection with Extremely-Weak Supervision." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 6 (March 24, 2024): 6315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i6.28450.

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Mirror detection is an active research topic in computer vision. However, all existing mirror detectors learn mirror representations from large-scale pixel-wise datasets, which are tedious and expensive to obtain. Although weakly-supervised learning has been widely explored in related topics, we note that popular weak supervision signals (e.g., bounding boxes, scribbles, points) still require some efforts from the user to locate the target objects, with a strong assumption that the images to annotate always contain the target objects. Such an assumption may result in the over-segmentation of mirrors. Our key idea of this work is that the existence of mirrors over a time period may serve as a weak supervision to train a mirror detector, for two reasons. First, if a network can predict the existence of mirrors, it can essentially locate the mirrors. Second, we observe that the reflected contents of a mirror tend to be similar to those in adjacent frames, but exhibit considerable contrast to regions in far-away frames (e.g., non-mirror frames). To this end, in this paper, we propose ZOOM, the first method to learn robust mirror representations from extremely-weak annotations of per-frame ZerO-One Mirror indicators in videos. The key insight of ZOOM is to model the similarity and contrast (between mirror and non-mirror regions) in temporal variations to locate and segment the mirrors. To this end, we propose a novel fusion strategy to leverage temporal consistency information for mirror localization, and a novel temporal similarity-contrast modeling module for mirror segmentation. We construct a new video mirror dataset for training and evaluation. Experimental results under new and standard metrics show that ZOOM performs favorably against existing fully-supervised mirror detection methods.

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Huang, Tianyu, Bowen Dong, Jiaying Lin, Xiaohui Liu, Rynson W.H. Lau, and Wangmeng Zuo. "Symmetry-Aware Transformer-Based Mirror Detection." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i1.25173.

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Mirror detection aims to identify the mirror regions in the given input image. Existing works mainly focus on integrating the semantic features and structural features to mine specific relations between mirror and non-mirror regions, or introducing mirror properties like depth or chirality to help analyze the existence of mirrors. In this work, we observe that a real object typically forms a loose symmetry relationship with its corresponding reflection in the mirror, which is beneficial in distinguishing mirrors from real objects. Based on this observation, we propose a dual-path Symmetry-Aware Transformer-based mirror detection Network (SATNet), which includes two novel modules: Symmetry-Aware Attention Module (SAAM) and Contrast and Fusion Decoder Module (CFDM). Specifically, we first adopt a transformer backbone to model global information aggregation in images, extracting multi-scale features in two paths. We then feed the high-level dual-path features to SAAMs to capture the symmetry relations. Finally, we fuse the dual-path features and refine our prediction maps progressively with CFDMs to obtain the final mirror mask. Experimental results show that SATNet outperforms both RGB and RGB-D mirror detection methods on all available mirror detection datasets.

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Jones, SE, and CJC Phillips. "The effects of mirrors on the welfare of caged rabbits." Animal Welfare 14, no. 3 (August 2005): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600029353.

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AbstractMirrors can enrich the environment of some social animals kept in isolation. In this study, the effect of mirrors on the behaviour of isolated, or partially isolated, caged rabbits was tested. In a changeover experiment, four treatments were investigated: isolated without mirrors; partially isolated (with a conspecific housed behind a partition) without mirrors; isolated with mirrors; and partially isolated with mirrors. Behaviour was recorded during the first hour for which the rabbits were in the cages with the stimuli, and then again after one week. Initially, the rabbits' alertness increased, which may be because they perceived the mirror image to be a potential threat. The mirrors also stimulated investigation by the rabbits, which initially scraped them rapidly with their forepaws (scrabbling) and sniffed them. Although sniffing was maintained until the end of the week, scrabbling was not, probably because the rabbits failed to elicit the normal reactions of a conspecific from their mirror images. Mirrors also reduced the time rabbits spent sitting in their living area looking out of the cage, and increased their behavioural complexity, as determined from the number of behaviours performed per minute. In a second experiment, the responses of seven rabbits to four stimuli were recorded: a conspecific; a toy animal; a mirror; and a blank card. The rabbits were presented with pairs of stimuli at either end of a marked board. The responses of the rabbits to mirrors were more similar to their responses to a blank card or to a soft toy than to a conspecific. Although the rabbits did not respond to mirror images as if they were conspecifics, the mirrors may have had benefits to the complexity of behaviour of rabbits in small cages.

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Isik, Hakan. "Students’ perceptual practices with real and virtual images." Physics Education 58, no. 6 (August 14, 2023): 065003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/acea52.

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Abstract This study examined how university students learn real and virtual images using vision-based perception cues such as binocular parallax, monocular parallax, binocular fuzziness, monocular fuzziness, and convergence. Two activities on the cues were conducted with university students. In the pre-activity, they learned about the perceptual cues and practiced each cue without using a lens or mirror. Then, four setups with convex lenses and concave mirrors were designed, enabling the study of the clues, and in the main activity, the students practiced each cue on the setups. Their experiences in the main activity were acquired through written reports, student observations, and interviews. Following the activities, the students related their perceptual experiences to their prior knowledge of images. Additionally, the students were questioned regarding their opinions on the use of five perceptual cues as image-learning strategies. The students found that the observation of binocular parallax in a lens or mirror represents a real image. They identified the relative positions of real and virtual images and their objects with the help of monocular parallaxes. They also connected their understanding of optics to the perceptual cues that real images appeared in front of mirrors and on the opposite side of the object in lenses, but virtual images appeared behind mirrors and on the object side of lenses. Conclusions were suggested for optics instructions.

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Hochstein, Shaul. "The Eyes Wide Shut Illusion." Perception 47, no. 9 (July 12, 2018): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618786863.

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The new “eyes wide shut” illusion uses a standard enlarging (shaving or makeup) mirror. Close one eye and look at the closed eye in the mirror; the eye should take up most of the mirror. Switch eyes to see the other closed eye. Switch back-and-forth a few times, then open both eyes. You see an open eye. Which eye is it? To find out, close one eye. Whichever you close, that’s the eye you see. How can this be possible? The brain is fusing two images of the two eyes! The illusion depends on (a) binocular fusion: The brain combines two images to a single percept; (b) symmetry: Mirrors don’t affect appearance of left–right symmetric objects and the eyes are sufficiently left–right symmetric for the brain to combine them. Why aren’t the lingering asymmetries sufficient to prevent fusion? (c) Only vision with scrutiny affords conscious access to scene details. Consistent with reverse hierarchy theory, vision at a glance grants conscious perception of the gist of the scene, integrating images of nonperfectly symmetric eyes.

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Zhu, Kaiyu, and Bing Pan. "Panoramic/Dual-Surface Digital Image Correlation Measurement Using a Single Camera." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093266.

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We propose a cost-effective and simple-to-implement mirror-assisted single-camera panoramic digital image correlation (DIC) method for panoramic/dual-surface profile and deformation measurement. Specifically, two planar mirrors and a single camera attached with a four-mirror adapter are used to capture stereo images of the front and rear surfaces of a test object. These stereo images can be processed by regular stereo-DIC to retrieve shape and kinematics fields of each surface. Further, with the speckle patterns prefabricated on the mirrors, reflection transformation matrices are obtained and applied to transform all reconstructed surfaces into a common world coordinate system. As such, panoramic/dual-surface shape and deformation measurements can be realized. For validation, a high-resolution smartphone camera and an industrial camera were, respectively, used to construct mirror-assisted single-camera panoramic DIC systems. Real experiments, including panoramic shape measurement of an aluminum cylinder, dual-surface shape measurement of an aluminum plate and uniaxial tensile tests of aluminum sheet specimens, were performed, confirming the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Since only a single camera and a few auxiliary reflective mirrors are required, the proposed method provides a cost-effective and convenient way for taking panoramic/dual-surface shape and deformation measurements of regular-sized cylindrical and bar samples.

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Zhu, Kaiyu, and Bing Pan. "Panoramic/Dual-Surface Digital Image Correlation Measurement Using a Single Camera." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093266.

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We propose a cost-effective and simple-to-implement mirror-assisted single-camera panoramic digital image correlation (DIC) method for panoramic/dual-surface profile and deformation measurement. Specifically, two planar mirrors and a single camera attached with a four-mirror adapter are used to capture stereo images of the front and rear surfaces of a test object. These stereo images can be processed by regular stereo-DIC to retrieve shape and kinematics fields of each surface. Further, with the speckle patterns prefabricated on the mirrors, reflection transformation matrices are obtained and applied to transform all reconstructed surfaces into a common world coordinate system. As such, panoramic/dual-surface shape and deformation measurements can be realized. For validation, a high-resolution smartphone camera and an industrial camera were, respectively, used to construct mirror-assisted single-camera panoramic DIC systems. Real experiments, including panoramic shape measurement of an aluminum cylinder, dual-surface shape measurement of an aluminum plate and uniaxial tensile tests of aluminum sheet specimens, were performed, confirming the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Since only a single camera and a few auxiliary reflective mirrors are required, the proposed method provides a cost-effective and convenient way for taking panoramic/dual-surface shape and deformation measurements of regular-sized cylindrical and bar samples.

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Van Den Dool, H. M. "Mirror Images of Atmospheric Flow." Monthly Weather Review 119, no. 9 (September 1991): 2095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2095:mioaf>2.0.co;2.

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Policar, A. "Racism and Its Mirror Images." Telos 1990, no. 83 (April 1, 1990): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3817/0390083099.

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Walsh, Vincent. "Neuropsychology: Reflections on mirror images." Current Biology 6, no. 9 (September 1996): 1079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)70670-2.

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Chernov, E. I., N. E. Sobolev, and V. A. Stepanov. "Method of Mirror Noise Images." Measurement Techniques 59, no. 8 (November 2016): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-016-1061-7.

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Lidsey, James E. "Mirror images of string cosmologies." Classical and Quantum Gravity 15, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): L77—L84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/15/11/002.

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Sinai, Nicolai. "AL-SUHRAWARDĪ ON MIRROR VISION AND SUSPENDED IMAGES (MUTHUL MU ʿALLAQA)." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 25, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423915000053.

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AbstractThe notion of a “World of Images” located somewhere between the immaterial and the material world was a mainstay of eschatological speculation in late medieval Islam. As has been recognised before, the concept was launched by al-Suhrawardī (d. 1191). However, its more properly philosophical underpinnings, in particular the notion of “suspended” images – images which somehow have an objective, rather than just a mental or subjective, status – merit further clarification, which this article attempts to provide. Since the concept of “suspended forms”, while applied to eschatological matters in the last treatise of the Philosophy of Illumination, makes its first appearance in a discussion of mirror vision, I examine in some detail Avicenna's understanding of mirror vision as presented in the Shifāʾ, to which al-Suhrawardī reacts. I then undertake a detailed reconstructive analysis of two paragraphs of the Philosophy of Illumination, paying particular attention to the question of the ontological status of “suspended” or “self-subsistent” images as well as to the idea that mirrors serve, not as loci in which images inhere, but as loci at which they become manifest (singular maẓhar).

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Shinshi, Tadahiko, Daisuke Shimizu, Kazuhide Kodeki, and Kazuhiko Fukushima. "A Fast Steering Mirror Using a Compact Magnetic Suspension and Voice Coil Motors for Observation Satellites." Electronics 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9121997.

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Fast steering mirrors (FSMs) are used to correct images observed by satellites. FSMs need to have large apertures and realize high precision and the positioning of the mirror in the tip-tilt and axial directions needs to be highly precise and highly responsive in order to capture large-scale, high-resolution images. An FSM with a large-diameter mirror supported by a compact magnetic suspension and driven by long-stroke voice coil motors (VCMs) is proposed in this paper. The magnetic suspension and VCM actuators enable the mirror to be highly responsive and to have long-range movement in the tip-tilt and axial directions without friction and wear. The magnetic suspension is a hybrid that has active control in the lateral directions and passive support in the tip-tilt and axial directions. An experimental FSM with an 80 mm diameter dummy mirror was fabricated and tested. The mirror’s driving ranges in the tip-tilt and axial directions were ±20 mrad and ±500 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the servo bandwidths in the tip-tilt and axial directions were more than 1 kHz and 200 Hz, respectively.

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You, Chengwu, Zhenyu Long, Defeng Liu, Wei Liu, Tianyi Wang, Zhengang Yang, Kejia Wang, and Jinsong Liu. "An Imaging Enhancement Method for a Terahertz Rotation Mirror Imaging System Based on a Scale-Recurrent Network." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222821.

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The terahertz (THz) rotation mirror imaging system is an alternative to the THz array imaging system. A THz rotation mirror imaging system costs less than a THz array imaging system, while the imaging speed of a THz rotation mirror imaging system is much higher than the imaging speed of a THz raster-scan imaging system under the same hardware conditions. However, there is some distortion in the THz image from the THz rotation mirror imaging system. The distortion, which makes images from the THz rotation mirror imaging system difficult to identify, results from the imaging principle of the THz rotation mirror imaging system. In this article, a method based on the scale-recurrent network (SRN) is put in place to correct the distortion. A comparison between distorted THz images and corrected images shows that the proposed method significantly increases the structural similarity between the THz images and the samples.

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Rauw, Wendy M., Luis A. García-Cortés, Morris Villarroel, and Luis Gomez-Raya. "Short communication: Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to mirror images." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): e05SC02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-10136.

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The response of cultured rainbow trout to their mirrored image was investigated. Thirty fish were placed individually in two novel aquariums consecutively for 10 min each. Walls in one aquarium were covered with mirrors on all four sides, whereas the walls of the other aquarium were non-transparent black. Because all four walls were covered with mirrors, the mirrored image of the fish was reproduced multiple times such that ‘a group’ of fish was created surrounding the individual. Half of the fish started in the aquarium with the mirrors, whereas the other half started in the mirrorless aquarium. Fish swim faster in the aquarium with mirrors than in the mirrorless aquarium (2.95 vs. 2.40 cm/s; p < 0.01), indicating a positive behavioural response towards their mirrored images. Fish did not show aggressive interactions towards their mirrored images. Being confronted with ‘a group’ of fish and not just one ‘opponent’ may have inhibited aggressive behavior, or individuals may not have considered the images to be fellow individuals. Fish that swam faster in the mirrorless aquarium also did so in the aquarium with mirrors (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001), indicating a persistent behavioural coping response (boldness) in response to the two novel environments. Mirrors may be used to influence social behaviour of fish in aquaculture; further research is needed to investigate the influence of mirror placement in tanks of group housed trout on growth and behaviour.

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Shorland, Gladez, Emilie Genty, Jean-Pascal Guéry, and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Investigating self-recognition in bonobos: mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics." PeerJ 8 (August 28, 2020): e9685. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685.

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The question of whether animals have some sort of self-awareness is a topic of continued debate. A necessary precondition for self-awareness is the ability to visually discriminate the self from others, which has traditionally been investigated through mirror self-recognition experiments. Although great apes generally pass such experiments, interpretations of results have remained controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate how bonobos (Pan paniscus) respond to different types of images of themselves and others, both before and after prolonged mirror exposure. We first presented presumably mirror-naive subjects with representations of themselves in three different ways (mirror image, contingent and non-contingent video footage) as well as representations of others (video footage of known and unknown conspecifics). We found that subjects paid significantly less attention to contingent images of themselves (mirror image, video footage) than to non-contingent images of themselves and unfamiliar individuals, suggesting they perceived the non-contingent self-images as novel. We then provided subjects with three months of access to a large mirror centrally positioned in the enclosure. Following this manipulation, subjects showed significantly reduced interest in the non-contingent self-images, while interest in unknown individuals remained unchanged, suggesting that the mirror experience has led to a fuller understanding of their own self. We discuss implications of this preliminary investigation for the on-going debate on self-awareness in animals.

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Cardullo, Bert. "Mirror Images, or Children of Paradise." Hudson Review 52, no. 4 (2000): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3853289.

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Korsch, H. J., and A. Wagner. "Fractal mirror images and chaotic scattering." Computers in Physics 5, no. 5 (1991): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.168403.

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SWANN, CHARLES. "MISS HARLETH, MISS MACKENZIE: MIRROR IMAGES?" Notes and Queries 43, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/43-1-47.

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SWANN, CHARLES. "MISS HARLETH, MISS MACKENZIE: MIRROR IMAGES?" Notes and Queries 43, no. 1 (1996): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/43.1.47.

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Toepker, Terrence P. "Spherical mirror images of dynamic objects." Physics Teacher 30, no. 4 (April 1992): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343532.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha, and Gadi Katzir. "Mirror images: Fish versus terrestrial animals." Journal of Theoretical Biology 294 (February 2012): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.10.023.

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Daliot‐Bul, Michal. "Mirror images: popular culture and education." Journal of Peace Education 8, no. 1 (April 2011): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.552267.

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Beis, J. M., J. M. André, A. Barre, and J. Paysant. "Mirror images and unilateral spatial neglect." Neuropsychologia 39, no. 13 (January 2001): 1444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00065-3.

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Al-Ghazi, Muthana. "Ukraine and Iraq are Mirror Images." Advances in Radiation Oncology 9, no. 1 (January 2024): 101348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2023.101348.

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Bishayi, Debolina, Kavya Suvarna, Surmayee Singh, Arindam Dutta, and Manuel S. Thomas. "Technique Tips: A Reflection on Mouth Mirrors: Types, Usage and Modifications." Dental Update 50, no. 9 (October 2, 2023): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2023.50.9.792.

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The mouth mirror is an essential tool in the dental armamentarium. Among its many functions, the most significant is being able to visualize aspects of the oral cavity that are not accessible visually with an appropriate operator posture. Various mouth mirrors are available and can differ in their design, head size and reflective surface. While in use, clinicians may encounter multiple circumstances that can hamper the quality of the reflected image. This in turn can negatively influence the diagnosis and treatment delivered. Hence, the purpose of this Technique Tip is to provide information on various designs of mouth mirrors as well as to provide solutions to counter the challenges associated with the use of mouth mirrors. Clinical relevance: Sharp, bright, reflected images may be provided for dental clinicians using simple methods and other equipment associated with the mouth mirror.

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Collecott, Diana. "« Mirror-images: images of mirrors... in Poems by Sylvia Plath, Adrienne Rich, Denise Levertov and H.D. »." Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines 30, no. 1 (1986): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfea.1986.1248.

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Borra, Ermanno F. "Liquid mirrors." Canadian Journal of Physics 73, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1995): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p95-017.

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The surface of a spinning liquid takes the shape of a paraboloid that can be used as a reflecting mirror. This very old and nearly forgotten concept has recently been revived and I review its present status. Extensive interferometric tests of liquid mirrors (the largest one having a diameter of 2.5 m) show excellent optical qualities. I discuss the factors that can limit the optical quality of liquid mirrors, how to minimize them as well as the basic technology. A handful of liquid mirrors have now been built that are used for scientific work. I show representative data obtained from 2.65 m diameter liquid mirror telescopes used for astronomy and the atmospheric sciences (LIDAR). Section 5, of particular interest to cosmologists or astronomers using surveys, examines the expected performance of 4 m liquid mirror telescopes (LMTs) dedicated to cosmological surveys. It is rather impressive, due to the fact that the instruments work full-time on 4 year surveys: Spectrophotometry reaches B = 24 for all objects within over 100 square degrees and wide-band photometry reaches about B = 28. I consider the future of liquid mirror telescopes: limits to their sizes, engineering issues, as well as speculations on lunar or space LMTs. I briefly mention the possibility of nonrotating GRIN (gradient index) liquid mirrors. Finally, I address the issues of the field accessible to LMTs equipped with novel optical correctors. Optical design work, and some exploratory laboratory work, indicate that a single LMT should be able to access, with excellent images, small regions anywhere inside fields as large as 45°.

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Kohda, Masanori, Shumpei Sogawa, Alex L. Jordan, Naoki Kubo, Satoshi Awata, Shun Satoh, Taiga Kobayashi, Akane Fujita, and Redouan Bshary. "Further evidence for the capacity of mirror self-recognition in cleaner fish and the significance of ecologically relevant marks." PLOS Biology 20, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): e3001529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001529.

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An animal that tries to remove a mark from its body that is only visible when looking into a mirror displays the capacity for mirror self-recognition (MSR), which has been interpreted as evidence for self-awareness. Conservative interpretations of existing data conclude that convincing evidence for MSR is currently restricted to great apes. Here, we address proposed shortcomings of a previous study on MSR in the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, by varying preexposure to mirrors and by marking individuals with different colors. We found that (1) 14/14 new individuals scraped their throat when a brown mark had been provisioned, but only in the presence of a mirror; (2) blue and green color marks did not elicit scraping; (3) intentionally injecting the mark deeper beneath the skin reliably elicited spontaneous scraping in the absence of a mirror; (4) mirror-naive individuals injected with a brown mark scraped their throat with lower probability and/or lower frequency compared to mirror-experienced individuals; (5) in contrast to the mirror images, seeing another fish with the same marking did not induce throat scraping; and (6) moving the mirror to another location did not elicit renewed aggression in mirror-experienced individuals. Taken together, these results increase our confidence that cleaner fish indeed pass the mark test, although only if it is presented in ecologically relevant contexts. Therefore, we reiterate the conclusion of the previous study that either self-awareness in animals or the validity of the mirror test needs to be revised.

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Vaillant, Gabriela Gonzalez. ""Mirror Mirror": A Qualitative Analysis of Intergenerational Images of Masculinities in Uruguay." Culture, Society and Masculinities 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/csm.0201.19.

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Yoshimura, Hirokazu, and Tatsuo Tabata. "Relationship between Frames of Reference and Mirror-Image Reversals." Perception 36, no. 7 (July 2007): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5529.

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The mirror puzzle related to the perception of mirror images as left–right reversed can be more fully understood by considering an extended problem that includes also the perception of mirror images that are not left–right reversed. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the physical aspect of this extended problem logically and parsimoniously. Separate use of the intrinsic frame of reference that belongs to the object and one that belongs to its mirror image always leads to the perception of left–right reversal when the object has left–right asymmetry; on the other hand, the perception of left–right nonreversal is always due to the application of a common frame of reference to the object and its mirror image.

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Liu, Zhong Yan, Guo Quan Wang, and Dong Ping Wang. "A 3D Reconstruction Method Based on Binocular View Geometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.299.

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A method was proposed to gain three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on binocular view geometry. Images used to calibrate cameras and reconstruct car’s rearview mirror by image acquisition system, by calibration image, a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, projective and fundamental matrixes were drawn by Matlab7.1;the collected rearview mirror images is pretreated to draw refined laser, extracted feature points, find the very appropriate match points by epipolar geometry principle; according to the camera imaging model to calculate the coordinates of space points, display point cloud, fitting space points to reconstruct car’s rearview mirror; experimental results show this method can better restore the car’s rearview mirror of 3D information.

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Genzel, Daria, Susanne Hoffmann, Selina Prosch, Uwe Firzlaff, and Lutz Wiegrebe. "Biosonar navigation above water II: exploiting mirror images." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 1146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00264.2014.

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As in vision, acoustic signals can be reflected by a smooth surface creating an acoustic mirror image. Water bodies represent the only naturally occurring horizontal and acoustically smooth surfaces. Echolocating bats flying over smooth water bodies encounter echo-acoustic mirror images of objects above the surface. Here, we combined an electrophysiological approach with a behavioral experimental paradigm to investigate whether bats can exploit echo-acoustic mirror images for navigation and how these mirrorlike echo-acoustic cues are encoded in their auditory cortex. In an obstacle-avoidance task where the obstacles could only be detected via their echo-acoustic mirror images, most bats spontaneously exploited these cues for navigation. Sonar ensonifications along the bats' flight path revealed conspicuous changes of the reflection patterns with slightly increased target strengths at relatively long echo delays corresponding to the longer acoustic paths from the mirrored obstacles. Recordings of cortical spatiotemporal response maps (STRMs) describe the tuning of a unit across the dimensions of elevation and time. The majority of cortical single and multiunits showed a special spatiotemporal pattern of excitatory areas in their STRM indicating a preference for echoes with (relative to the setup dimensions) long delays and, interestingly, from low elevations. This neural preference could effectively encode a reflection pattern as it would be perceived by an echolocating bat detecting an object mirrored from below. The current study provides both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that echo-acoustic mirror images can be exploited by bats for obstacle avoidance. This capability effectively supports echo-acoustic navigation in highly cluttered natural habitats.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mirror images'

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