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Journal articles on the topic 'Mirror system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Huang, Dengpeng, Lei Zhang, Shijun Ji, and Ji Zhao. "Tool path generation for ultra-precision polishing of freeform optical surfaces in an off-axis three-mirror imaging system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 5 (December 16, 2015): 814–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415599916.

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The optical performance of the off-axis three-mirror imaging system can be greatly improved using freeform surfaces. This article focuses on the polishing of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror in an off-axis three-mirror imaging system. The primary mirror and tertiary mirror are fabricated on one monolithic substrate and described by non-uniform rational B-spline–based freeform surfaces. The separated and integrated polishing strategies are presented for polishing the two mirrors on the four-axis computer numerical control polishing platform. A tool path generation approach is proposed for polishing of the non-uniform rational B-spline–based freeform surface. Three kinds of the tool paths are given for ultra-precision polishing of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror with the freeform surfaces. The concentric circle path and the approximately concentric circle path are generated for polishing two mirrors separately, while the spiral path is calculated for integrated polishing of two mirrors simultaneously. The polishing tool posture along the planned tool paths is also analyzed. The ultra-precision polishing experiments of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror on the four-axis computer numerical control polishing platform are performed to verify the proposed approach for tool path generation.

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2

Mehta, Bharati, and Bharti Bhandari. "The Mirror Neuron System: Basic Concepts." International Physiology 4, no. 2 (2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ip.2347.1506.4216.7.

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3

Yershov, V. N., and A. A. Nemiro. "An Autocollimation Circle Reading System for the Infrared Meridian Instrument." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 166 (1995): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900228441.

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A new autocollimation circle reading system is proposed for the reflector meridian circle (Nemiro and Streletsky, 1988). The instrument will be used for observations in the K-infrared waveband. Instead of the divided circle fixed to the instrument tube the new system has small spherical mirrors polished at the lateral surfaces of the primary mirror. The primary mirror is made from sitall and has an autocollimation system aimed at monitoring its optical axis position. The small spherical mirrors of the circle reading system link the circle readings with the primary's optical axis. The divided circles are fixed unmovable opposite to both lateral surfaces of the primary's optical block. Both surfaces have four spherical mirrors. The distance between the divided circles and the mirrors is equal to the mirrors' radii of curvature. The scales of each circle are illuminated from outside (where the measuring microscopes are placed). The mirrors form autocollimated images of the divisions at the plane of the divisions itself. Averaged coordinates of a division and its autocollimated image give the position of the mirror's optical center, and the semi-difference of the coordinates gives the angular position of the telescope. So, the measurements of the circle positions are differential ones, and any displacements of the microscope zero-points are not critical. The precision of measurements is estimated to be better then 0.05″ (random) and 0.005″ (systematical). The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Investigations (the project's code is 93-02-17095).

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4

Ma, Zhi Yong. "Research on Concept System of Rotation-Mirror Symmetry in Mechanical Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.7.

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Mechanical rotation-mirror symmetry is grouped by rotation symmetry and mirror symmetry, and belongs to mechanical static structure symmetry. Collecting and Analyzing a lot of rotation-mirror symmetric instances, and referring to the researches on concept systems of rotation symmetry and mirror symmetry, the concept system of rotation-mirror symmetry was established. The concept system is classified by discrete mirror and continuous mirror rotation-mirror symmetry, unidirectional rotation and bidirectional rotation rotation-mirror symmetry, directed rotation and deflecting rotation rotation-mirror symmetry, entire rotation and partial rotation rotation-mirror symmetry. The concept system can completely contain all kinds of existence of rotation-mirror symmetry in mechanical systems.

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5

Gong, Yan Jue, Zhao Fu, Hui Yu Xiang, Li Zhang, and Chun Ling Meng. "Dynamic Optimum of the MEMS Micro-Deformable Mirror for Food Safety Detection." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.69.

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As the important elements in adaptive optical system used for food safety detection instrument, Micro-deformable mirrors are typical Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This paper focuses on the structural optimization of the MEMS Micro-deformable mirror. With the method of finite method analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the micro-mirror are studied by the analysis of modal and frequency respond. The random vibration analysis followed shows the optimized structure parameters of the micro-mirror are effective to improve the dynamic performance of the mirror.

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6

Gai, Ke Rong, Xiao Tie Niu, and Tao Fang. "Study of Space Big Aperture New Materials Mirror and its Technology." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1475.

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In order to keep step with new materials mirrors and its technology of developed of international space optics system, and promote research level of national new material mirror, the optimization methods of new mirror materials were introduced, and the application of new material mirrors was elaborated. The researching technologies and methods of new materials mirror substrate were recommended. The researching technologies and methods of new materials mirror were narrated. And at same time, the new materials mirror technology and directions of our country were pointed out.

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7

Rajmohan, V., and E. Mohandas. "Mirror neuron system." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 49, no. 1 (2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.31522.

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8

Zvonkov, A. V., A. Yu Kuyanov, J. Nuehrenberg, A. A. Skovoroda, and R. Zille. "Toroidal mirror system." Plasma Physics Reports 28, no. 9 (September 2002): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1508026.

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9

Yamamoto, Tetsu, Takaharu Ueda, Shigeki Mizuno, and Toshiro Ono. "Mirror Chopping System." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, no. 589 (1995): 3497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.3497.

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10

Verman, Boris, Srivatsan Seshadri, and Bonglea Kim. "A Simple Analytical Approach to Describe a Beam Conditioning System." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.171.

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A simple analytical approach is given to calculate the performance of parabolic mirrors for various wavelengths. Expressions are given for the efficiency of the parabolic mirror system and insertion gain. As examples, parameters for some mirrors for CuKα and MoKα radiation are calculated.

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11

Zhuo, Ren Shan, and Dong Ge Zhang. "Applications of Multi-Point Mirror Supporting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1555.

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Primary mirror (PM) supporting system design is one of the key components to the design of a telescope. This paper presents applications of extended multi-point supporting structures that are employed in ground based theodolites, 3 points positioning-9 points supporting system and 18 points supporting system. A number of theoretical studies have been performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on each supporting system, in which the extended multi-point supporting system to 0.6-m and 1-m diameter primary mirror is particularly focused. Analyzing Zerodur major mirrors with a diameter to thickness ratio less than 7.3, deformation due to supporting gives an RMS value less than 6-nm which is 24% of the design requirement of 60-nm. Series of experiments have also been conducted using 4-D interferometer. The deformation due to supporting of major mirror has been predominantly suppressed mainly by deformation during the fabrication process. This indicates that the above supporting systems perform an excellent task under given conditions.

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12

Liu, Haitao, Fengtao Yan, Wenchuan Zhao, Jieli Wu, and Min Zhou. "Fabrication of SiC Off-axis Aspheric Mirror by Using Robot Polishing." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921509004.

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Two silicon carbide (SiC) lightweight off-axis aspheric mirrors were fabricated by using robot polishing technology. One is a primary mirror with dimension 380mm×328mm, the other is a tertiary mirror with dimension 294mm×238mm. The robot polishing technology is the combination of CCOS technology and a 6-axises industrial robot. The setup of robot polishing system is discussed, and the mirror aspheric grinding, surface polishing and figuring process are reported in this paper. The final surface shape error of primary mirror is 11.4nm RMS, and the tertiary is 12.1nm RMS. The capability of off-axis aspheric mirror fabricating on robot polishing system is verified.

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13

Syniavskyi, Ivan, Yevgen Oberemok, Yuriy Ivanov, Mikhail Sosonkin, Vladimir Kireyev, and Konstantin Akinin. "Scan Mirror Assembly for the Multispectral Scanning Polarimeter of Aerosol-UA Space Mission." International Journal of Optics 2021 (May 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8854505.

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In this paper, the scan mirror assembly for the space experiment Aerosol-UA scanning polarimeter (ScanPol) is described. The aim of the Ukrainian space mission Aerosol-UA is to create a database of the optical characteristics of aerosol and cloud particles in the Earth’s atmosphere over a long period of time. The optical characteristics of aerosol and cloud particles are derived from multiangular measurements. Multiangular scanning in ScanPol is provided by scan mirror assembly, which contains a reactive torque compensator electric motor and two scan mirrors, mounted on the shaft of the motor. The control system of the scan mirror assembly enables continuous scanning with a constant speed of the space under investigation. This control system tolerates movements of the orbiting satellite and preserves invariability of its spatial position. The polarimeter ScanPol is designed to acquire spatial, temporal, and spectral-polarimetric measurements simultaneously to minimize instrumental effects and “false” polarizations due to scene movement. Instrumental polarization, introduced by the mirrors of scan assembly, is minimized through the polarization compensated two-mirror scheme which contains two mirrors with orthogonal planes of incidence. In this paper, the polarimetric model of the polarization compensated two scan mirrors is considered. Theoretical calculations are given that substantiate the maximum allowable error of the relative angular position of the mirrors is 15 arcmin (0.25°), and the method of adjustment and control of the angular position of the mirrors is proposed. The polarization properties of mirrors are modelled in the spectral range of 370–1680 nm for bulk oxide-free aluminum. It is obtained that the maximum instrumental polarization of the unadjusted mirror system should be observed at 865 nm, and thus, the polarization characteristics of the scanning system at a given wavelength could be considered as representative for ScanPol in general. The key steps for assembling the unit are illustrated.

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14

Didenko, Yu V., A. I. Radchenko, and N. V. Koval. "Information System Web Of Sciences: Mirror Or Tool?" Science and innovation 12, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine12.06.070.

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15

Sun, Hongyu, Le Wang, Zhan Song, and Geng Chen. "Three-Dimensional Mirror Surface Measurement Based on Local Blur Analysis of Phase Measuring Deflectometry System." Traitement du Signal 37, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.370508.

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Despite the marked progress in recent years, structured light-based three-dimensional (3D) measurement techniques still have difficulty in capturing mirror surface reflection. The accuracy of 3D reconstruction for mirror objects should be further improved to adapt to the high reflectivity and curvature of such objects. To improve the stripe definition and reconstruction accuracy of highly reflective mirror objects, this paper analyzes the local blur of defocus stripes in phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) system, and presents a method to analyze the spatially varying defocusing and de-blurring, with the aid of a 3D block matching algorithm, thereby focusing on defocus stripes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve micron-level reconstruction accuracy of standard flat mirrors, and detect the defects on highly reflective mirror objects at a high precision.

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16

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, and Laila Craighero. "THE MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM." Annual Review of Neuroscience 27, no. 1 (July 21, 2004): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230.

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17

Oztop, Erhan. "Models of mirror system." Scholarpedia 2, no. 10 (2007): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.3276.

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18

Casile, Antonino, Vittorio Caggiano, and Pier Francesco Ferrari. "The Mirror Neuron System." Neuroscientist 17, no. 5 (April 5, 2011): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858410392239.

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19

Puryayev, Daniil T. "Afocal two-mirror system." Optical Engineering 32, no. 6 (1993): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.143777.

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20

Hartung, Johannes, Henrik von Lukowicz, Mathias Rohde, Knut Kleinbauer, Nils Heidler, and Stefan Risse. "Measurement and correction of two-sided freeform optical elements with combined tactile-optical metrology equipment." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921508002.

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Freeform optical elements are state of the art for several years to fabricate very high performance optical systems with the necessity of, e.g., strong folding in mirror system or correction of typical asymmetric aberrations in mirror systems as well as lens systems. For freeform mirror systems, in particular for metal mirrors, the metrology is well understood and iterative process chains are well established. For transmission elements with a freeform surface on both sides, manufacturing, metrology, and correction for both sides in a parallel manner is quite difficult. The article presents a method to measure such an optical element and correct it with a well-defined correction step to have both sides in a well-defined position to each other.

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21

Yuan, Zheng, Yi Fan Dai, Xu Hui Xie, and Lin Zhou. "Ion Beam Figuring System for Ultra-Precise Optics." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.19.

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Ion beam figuring (IBF) is a novel technology for Ultra-precise optics. Material is removed from optic surface in atomic or molecular form by physical sputtering. Due to non-contact between the tool and the work piece, the problems involved in the conventional process are avoided, such as edge-effect and tool-wear. The ion beam figuring process is of high determinacy and high efficiency. All these properties make ion beam figuring one of the promising methods for producing mirrors of high precision with nm-rms accuracy. In this article, a new ion beam figuring system which contains doubled vacuum chambers is set up. Optics can be exchanged by a transport vehicle shuttling between the two vacuum chambers without opening the primary vacuum chamber and waiting for the ion source to cool completely, which means the efficiency can be increased greatly. A high performance processing robot contains three linear axes and two angular axes of motion, providing 5-axis ion source positioning capability with high accuracy. The angle can be up to 50° to figure very steep spherical and aspherical surfaces. Then, the beam removal function of Gaussian shape is obtained by an experimental method and it is extremely stable for a long time. Finally, two sample mirrors are figured by the ion beam figuring system: one is a fused silica flat mirror with a 100 mm diameter (90% effective aperture) and an ultra-precise flat mirror with a surface error of 0.89 nm rms, 14.7 nm PV is obtained; the other fused silica concave spherical mirror with a 100 mm aperture (90% effective aperture) and 420 mm radius of curvature is figured and a concave spherical mirror with 1 nm rms, 16.9 nm PV is obtained, which prove that the ion beam figuring system is favourable for the figuring process.

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22

XUE Dong-lin, 薛栋林, 郑立功 ZHENG Li-gong, and 张峰 ZHANG Feng. "Off-axis three-mirror system based on freeform mirror." Optics and Precision Engineering 19, no. 12 (2011): 2813–1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20111912.2813.

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23

XU Xin-hang, 徐新行, 王兵 WANG Bing, 乔健 QIAO Jian, 刘长顺 LIU Chang-shun, and 时魁 SHI Kui. "Lightweight design of mirror in fast-steering mirror system." Chinese Journal of Optics and Applied Optics 5, no. 1 (2012): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20120501.0035.

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24

Wang, Chen-chen, Lei Zhang, Yuan Xie, Li-min Wei, and Xiao Tian. "Design and analysis of segmented-mirror primary mirror system." Optik 243 (October 2021): 167165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167165.

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25

Kisara, Katsuto, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Toichiro Ishikawa, Kazuhisa Fujita, and Hiroshi Masumoto. "Prototype Design and Evaluation of Lightweight Mirror and Wavelength Selective Filter for Space Solar Power Systems." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.519.

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The large scale SSPS (Space Solar Power System) needs large reflection mirrors for sunlight concentration. To use film mirror in space, the mirror must have lightweight structures and resistive to harsh space environment. The wavelength selective filter to avoid heat is a dielectric multilayer film which has FGM structure. In this article, we will report the development of a lightweight wavelength selective mirror and wavelength selection on the solar light excitation laser.

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26

Ermolaeva, E. V., V. A. Zverev, Yu A. Podgornykh, and I. N. Timoshchuk. "Parametric synthesis of three-mirror optical systems based on a two-mirror system." Journal of Optical Technology 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.80.000670.

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27

Lu, Yifan, Marco Amabili, Jian Wang, Fei Yang, Honghao Yue, Ye Xu, and Hornsen Tzou. "Active vibration control of a polyvinylidene fluoride laminated membrane plate mirror." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 19-20 (July 11, 2019): 2611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319862445.

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Lightweight optical mirrors usually play key roles in aerospace and optical structural systems applied to space telescopes, radars, solar collectors, communication antennas, etc. Due to their high flexibility and low damping properties, external excitations such as orbital maneuver may induce unexpected oscillations and thus reduce their working performance. Active vibration control is therefore essential for the lightweight optical mirror systems. In this spirit, a lightweight mirror structronic system with a linear quadratic optimal controller is presented. The mirror is modeled as a membrane plate with pretension and distributed polyvinylidene fluoride sensors and actuators. The sensing sensitivity of the piezoelectric (PVDF) sensors and the modal actuation factor of the PVDF actuators are derived. The state-space equations are established and the feedback control gains between sensing and control signals are obtained. Sensor and actuator of different shape, size, and position are employed to actively control the first four natural modes of the mirror. The influences of mode order, pretension, and the two weighting factors Q and R on the control performance are also investigated. Analytical results in this paper could guide the design and layout of the PZT sensor and actuator on lightweight membrane plate mirrors.

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28

Dai, Y., Hitoshi Ohmori, Wei Min Lin, H. Eto, and N. Ebizuka. "Ultraprecision Fabrication of Large-Scale SiC Spherical Mirror Using ELID Grinding Process." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.73.

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Lightweight mirrors of SiC (Silicon Carbide) are currently used for numerous space telescopes. The most favorable characteristics of the material are high specific stiffness, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion (CTE). For large-scale SiC mirrors, however, the machining cost is very high using traditional polishing process. In this study, a large-scale SiC spherical mirror (φ360mm) was designed as reducing-weight structure with many open-back triangular cells. The ELID mirror grinding technique was conducted to finish the mirror. A unique jig composed of many hydrostatic actuators was developed for reducing the deformation resulted from the grinding force. By using an on-machine measurement system, the form error of the finished surface was measured. The surface roughness of the mirror was also examined with a mobile AFM. As result, a high quality mirror surface, which has form accuracy 0.8µm P-V and roughness of Ra 7.8nm, was achieved. This paper presents the experimental procedure and results.

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29

Artiukhina, N. K., L. A. Perosa, and L. Zambrano. "AFOCAL SYSTEMS FORMED BY MIRROR OFF-AXIS PARABOLOID." Science & Technique 16, no. 5 (October 5, 2017): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2017-16-5-407-414.

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Mirror systems make it possible to reduce device dimensions and its weight while preserving high input aperture and these systems are characterized by a number of other advantages. Their significant disadvantage is a central screening of an entrance pupil that leads to lower image quality. The paper contains description of the investigations on afocal systems formed by eccentrically cut-out mirror paraboloids (off-axis mirrors) where aperture diaphragm is displaced in the meridian plane for a defined value and a central field point is located on the optical axis. The canonic Mersenne systems are accepted as base schemas (modules) for these compositions. The paper considers two types of such systems: visible increases – Г > 0 and Г < 0. Algorithms for calculation of centered afocal systems with two and four reflections have been written in the paper and the systems are free from spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism when an input pupil is located in superimposed focal planes of all parabolic mirrors. An aberration in curvature image has been additionally corrected in three-mirror quart-parabolic scheme which is a combination of two classical telescopic Mersenne systems. The paper presents schemes and calculation results. Two-mirror schemes with non-screened input pupil have been studied in the paper and in this case all the system remains centered and an aperture diaphragm is decentered for the distance Cm which is commensurable with the diaphragm size. The paper contains description of the investigated afocal schemes with four reflections from off-axis mirror paraboloids, a prepared algorithm for calculation, the obtained formulas for making combination of canonic afocal systems formed by two mirrors. Computer simulation in software environment Opal and Zemax has been carried out in the paper. Basic description has been prepared while using two alternative methods for the class of decentered systems and aberration characteristics and schematic solutions for telescopic systems without screening with two and four reflections have been ob-tained in the paper. Two-mirror afocal systems with low-powered magnification are of some interest for practical application as accessories for registering object lenses.

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30

Liu, Ruoxin, Zexiao Li, Yiting Duan, and Fengzhou Fang. "A Design for a Manufacturing-Constrained Off-Axis Four-Mirror Reflective System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 5387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155387.

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Off-axis reflective optical systems find wide applications in various industries, but the related manufacturing issues have not been well considered in the design process. This paper proposed a design method for cylindrical reflective systems considering manufacturing constraints to facilitate ultra-precision raster milling. An appropriate index to evaluate manufacturing constraints is established. The optimization solution is implemented for the objective function composed of primary aberration coefficients with weights and constraint conditions of the structural configuration by introducing the genetic algorithm. The four-mirror initial structure with a good imaging quality and a special structural configuration is then obtained. The method’s feasibility is validated by designing an off-axis four-mirror afocal system with an entrance pupil diameter of 170 mm, a field of view of 3° × 3° and a compression ratio of five times. All mirrors in the system are designed to be distributed along a cylinder.

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31

Wang, Xiao Yong, Chong Ling Guo, Yong Li Hu, and Hong Yan He. "Optimal Design for Front Body Structure of Space Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 290 (February 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.290.53.

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The primary and secondary mirrors of on-axis three mirror anastigmatic (TMA) space camera are connected and supported by its front mirror-body structure, which affects both imaging performance and stability of the camera. In this paper, the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) thin-walled cylinder and titanium alloy connecting rod have been used for the front mirror-body opto-mechanical structure of the long-focus on-axis and TMA space camera optical system. The front mirror-body component structure has then been optimized by finite element analysis (FEA) computing. Each performance of the front mirror-body structure has been tested by mechanics and vacuum experiments in order to verify the validity of such structure engineering design.

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32

Hu, Hai Li, Bao Jun Zuo, Fan Yang Dang, Min Da Xu, and Zhi Gang Fan. "Support Mechanism Design of Large Aperture Reflective Mirror for Large Temperature Variations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3473.

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Cold-background multitarget compounding system provides infrared targets for hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, in which large aperture reflective mirrors are employed. In this paper, we proposed a combined belt-back structure and designed the flexible connection to solve support mechanism of large aperture mirrors for 100K temperature variations. By Finite Element Method analysis, root mean square (RMS) of optimized mirror was better than λ/40 under self-gravity and 100K temperature variations. By Zernike polynomial fitting, MTF of multitarget compounding system was over 0.5 and RMS spot diameter was less than 0.05mrad. Results demonstrated that the proposed support mechanism was effective and provided analytical data for 1m level mirror in large environment temperature variations.

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33

Kanev, Feodor, Nailia Makenova, and Roman Nesterov. "Mechanical Oscillations Simulation of an Adaptive Flexible Mirror." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.546.

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The whole model of adaptive optics system of energy and information transfer should include a model of an active element [1] construction of which is defined by parameters of the system and beam control algorithm. In the algorithm of full-field phase conjugation a nonlinear crystal or two flexible mirrors with a layer of free space between them are usually employed [2, 3], while a system of phase conjugation requires a flexible mirror as an active element [4]. In the paper the model of a flexible mirror is considered which takes into account dynamic oscillation of reflecting surface.

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34

Lee, Sang-Kyung, Jun-Yeup Kim, Seung-Min Park, Kwang-Enu Ko, and Kwee-Bo Sim. "Development of Mirror Neuron System-based BCI System using Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2012): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2012.22.1.62.

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35

Wang, Ge, Haiou Shen, Kumar Durairaj, Xin Qian, and Wenxiang Cong. "The First Bioluminescence Tomography System for Simultaneous Acquisition of Multiview and Multispectral Data." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijbi/2006/58601.

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We describe the system design of the first bioluminescence tomography (BLT) system for parallel acquisition of multiple bioluminescent views around a mouse in a number of spectral channels simultaneously. The primary component of this BLT system is a novel mirror module and a unique mouse holder. The mirror module consists of a mounting plate and four mirrors with stages. These mirror stages are right triangular blocks symmetrically arranged and attached to the mounting plate such that the hypotenuse surfaces of the triangular blocks all make45∘to the plate surface. The cylindrical/polygonal mouse holder has semitransparent rainbow bands on its side surface for the acquisition of spectrally resolved data. Numerical studies and experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this system. It is shown that bioluminescent signals collected using our system can produce a similar BLT reconstruction quality while reducing the data acquisition time, as compared to the sequential data acquisition mode.

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36

Martawati, Mira Esculenta, Sugeng Hadi Susilo, Asrori A, and Lulut W. "Automatic Mirror Folding Design Arduino-Based." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 21, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v21i2.2503.

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The rear-view mirror is one of the main devices found in cars. A mirror is a mirror used to see the traffic of a vehicle behind when it is about to veer, stop or change lanes. The purpose of this study was to design a pre-crash performance test of the rearview mirror. That is a system that will automatically perform mirror folding automatically based on the distance of the object in front of it. The system will reduce the risk of broken or scratched due to driver negligence. The research method at a time when the barrier is 30cm (±20cm) away from the front or back of the rearview mirror will read that distance which will then transmit to the Arduino. Arduino will process the data and send data for the speed reduction process by warning that there is an object in front or behind the rearview mirror and when the distance is <30cm from the barrier object, then the Arduino will order to fold the rearview mirror automatically, by activating the servo motor to fold the rear and rearview mirrors. The result of this study was to find out the performance of the GP2Y0A21 distance sensor reading and the performance of the rearview mirror pre-crash system. In this study, the bound variable was the distance measurement of the sensor's reading. The free variable used is the sensor reading metering distance displayed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).

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Corballis, Michael C. "FOXP2 and the mirror system." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 2004): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.007.

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Schneider, Philip J. "Mirror to health-system pharmacy." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 56, no. 2 (January 1999): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/56.2.123.

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Ding, Jun-Ren, Chien-Lin Huang, Jin-Kun Lin, Jar-Ferr Yang, and Chung-Hsien Wu. "Interactive multimedia mirror system design." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 54, no. 3 (August 2008): 972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4637575.

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Hardiyanto, Denny, Galang Wicaksono, Anggoro S. Pramudyo, Rian Fahrizal, and Romi Wiryadinata. "Designing a Smart Mirror as a Laboratory Information Media Using Raspberry Pi." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 3, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.48436.

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Development of microprocessor technology provides new ideas for creating smart devices, one of which is in the field of smart home. Smart home is a concept of a home integrated with a smart system and supported by technology that enables all work to be more effective and efficient. Mirror is a household device that is beneficial to humans. In this paper, a research on smart mirrors is explained. A smart mirror is a mirror integrated with an intelligent system so that it can display multimedia data originating from the internet using Raspberry as a computing tool, PIR sensor as a tool to control monitors, and DC fans as a tool to control temperature system. In this paper, the mirror was able to display information about time, weather, academic calendar, lab work schedules, prayer schedules, and academic news. A PIR sensor has a good accuracy when the device is placed at 180 cm above the ground and the distance between mirror and humans when mirroring is 70 cm. A DC fan was utilized to stabilize the system temperature in a range of 40 to 50 oC.

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Mazzae, Elizabeth N., W. Riley Garrott, and Anthony J. Cacioppo. "Utility Assessment of Side Object Detection Systems for Heavy Trucks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 9 (October 1994): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800903.

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Side object detection systems (SODS) alert drivers to the presence of traffic alongside their vehicle within a defined detection zone. Their intent is to reduce lane changing and merging collisions. The effect of right SODS on the safety related behavior of commercial vehicle drivers was examined in this study. Eight subjects drove a tractor-semitrailer equipped with four different sets of right SODS or mirrors. Subjects were tested with two right SODS (a radar-based system, and an ultrasonic-based system), a fender-mounted convex mirror, and, for comparison, standard side view mirrors. For each case, subjects drove the test vehicle through a set route for one day. The effect of these systems on driver behavior and the extent to which safety may be improved by implementing SODS were assessed based upon the correctness of responses and verbal response times to Right Clear questions, and upon subject glance fixations and durations. A debriefing questionnaire was used to acquire subjects' opinions about the SODS. Driver performance with SODS was not significantly improved over that observed with standard side view mirrors. Analysis of the correctness of responses to Right Clear questions showed that subjects' accuracy in assessing the traffic situation along the right side of the vehicle was not improved by the SODS, but was improved by the fender-mounted convex mirror. Verbal response times to Right Clear questions were significantly lower with the SODS and fender-mounted convex mirror than with standard mirrors. This difference may have resulted from a learning effect caused by presenting the standard mirrors first to each subject. Glance data showed that subjects only sometimes visually sampled the SODS displays. Responses to debriefing questionnaires indicated that subjects were receptive to the concept of SODS and very positive about the fender-mounted convex mirror. However, if SODS are to offer significant safety benefits in the future, more work is needed to refine their performance and design.

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Yates, Luke, and Hannah Hobson. "Continuing to look in the mirror: A review of neuroscientific evidence for the broken mirror hypothesis, EP-M model and STORM model of autism spectrum conditions." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 1945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320936945.

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The mirror neuron system has been argued to be a key brain system responsible for action understanding and imitation. Subsequently, mirror neuron system dysfunction has therefore been proposed to explain the social deficits manifested within autism spectrum condition, an approach referred to as the broken mirror hypothesis. Despite excitement surrounding this hypothesis, extensive research has produced insufficient evidence to support the broken mirror hypothesis in its pure form, and instead two alternative models have been formulated: EP-M model and the social top-down response modulation (STORM) model. All models suggest some dysfunction regarding the mirror neuron system in autism spectrum condition, be that within the mirror neuron system itself or systems that regulate the mirror neuron system. This literature review compares these three models in regard to recent neuroscientific investigations. This review concludes that there is insufficient support for the broken mirror hypothesis, but converging evidence supports an integrated EP-M and STORM model. Lay abstract The mirror neuron system has been argued to be a key brain system responsible for understanding the actions of others and for imitation. It has therefore been proposed that problems within this system could explain the social difficulties experienced by people with autism spectrum condition. This idea is referred to as the broken mirror hypothesis. However, research has produced insufficient evidence to support the broken mirror hypothesis in its original form. Therefore, two other models have been suggested: EP-M model and the social top-down response modulation (STORM) model. All models suggest something is different regarding the mirror neuron system in autism spectrum condition: either within the mirror neuron system itself or within the systems that control the activity of the mirror neuron system. This literature review compares these three models in regard to recent neuroscientific investigations. This review concludes that there is insufficient support for both the broken mirror hypothesis, but converging evidence supports an integrated EP-M and STORM model.

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Gomaa, Mohamed, Ramadan Mustafa, Hegazy Rezk, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, and A. Al-Salaymeh. "Sizing Methodology of a Multi-Mirror Solar Concentrated Hybrid PV/Thermal System." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123276.

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The use of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system significantly reduces the required solar cell area that often accounts for the major cost of a PV solar system. A comprehensive performance analysis of a multi-mirror solar concentrated hybrid PV thermal (CPVT) system was conducted. Among different concentrating systems, Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) systems are more effective due to their simplicity of operation and low fabrication cost. A mathematical model and the simulation of a CPVT system employing a linear configuration and horizontal absorber is developed here in order to evaluate its performance parameters, using a FORTRAN programing technique. The concentrator system consists of, different width of flat glass mirrors placed under various inclination angles, focusing sunlight on to the PV solar cells mounted along the active cooling system. The effect of focus distance on concentration ratio, collector width, and heat gained by the coolant fluid are investigated. All parameters of the linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator system are determined and the effect of cooling mass flow rate and cooling inlet temperature upon the system performance is evaluated. With regards to simulation results obtained via the focus distances, the width of mirrors decreased by increasing the number of mirrors, and in turn by increasing the focus distances, this resulted in an increase in CR values. For the specific number of mirrors, concentration ratio increased simultaneously increasing the focus distance; furthermore, increasing the number of mirrors resulted in a reduction in both the width of the mirrors and their inclination angles, and an increase in CR values. The results further confirmed that the total (combined electrical-thermal) efficiency is higher than that of the individual electrical as well as thermal efficiency; reaching approximately 80% and showed no sensitivity to the rises in cooling water temperature for temperature cases under consideration.

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Lv, Jin Guang, Jing Qiu Liang, Zhong Zhu Liang, Yu Xin Qin, Chao Tian, and Wei Biao Wang. "Design and Manufacture of Micro Interference System in Spatial Modulation Fourier Transform Spectrometer." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.973.

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Spatial modulation Fourier transform spectrometer(FTS) based on micro step mirror arrays with high optical path difference sampling precision was a new high-tech measuring instrument. To depress the interferogram aliasing resulted from the chromatic dispersion of beam splitter, considering interferogram contrast reversal as the criterion of image degradation, the thickness difference between beam splitter and compensating plate was determined smaller than 0.2μm. So as to restrain the ghost images induced by secondary reflection on the surface of beam splitter, the transmittance of anti-reflection film should be more than 98% and the transmittance of beam splitter film should be controlled within (50±5) %. Since the restriction of processing method and machining accuracy to micro step mirrors, the thickness deviation and angle deviation existed between various sub-mirrors. After the error synthesis to sub-mirror errors using Monte Carlo method, the tolerance of the thickness deviation and angle deviation was controlled in 1μm and 2×10-5rad. Meanwhile, the step height deviation of micro step mirrors may induce non uniform sampling to interference signal. Thus a spectrum method by least-squares cosines progression arithmetic was advanced and the validity of which was demonstrated well.

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Takei, Dai, Yoshiki Kohmura, Yasunori Senba, Haruhiko Ohashi, Kenji Tamasaku, and Tetsuya Ishikawa. "X-ray collimation by the parabolic cylinder mirror in SPring-8/BL29XUL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515019797.

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A combination of plane and threefold-shape X-ray mirrors was installed in SPring-8 BL29XUL. The second mirror has parabolic cylinder surfaces that collimate X-rays in the vertical direction. A performance test was conducted, yielding highly collimated 8 keV photon beams with an effective angular divergence of 0.4 µrad, below only 5% of that of the original beams. The double-mirror system preserved 70% of the total incident flux and nearly tripled the flux density at 988 m from the light source. The values of the observations were almost similar to those of our ray-tracing simulation. Based on the results a discussion of future prospects of the mirror system is included.

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Donglin Xue, Donglin Xue. "Integrated manufacturing technology of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic system." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s2 (2014): S21202–321205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s21202.

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Wenjin Liu, Wenjin Liu, Lizhi Dong Lizhi Dong, Ping Yang Ping Yang, and and Bing Xu and Bing Xu. "Zonal decoupling algorithm for dual deformable mirror adaptive optics system." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 2 (2016): 020101–20105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.020101.

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KITOMI, Kosuke, Masamichi SAKAGUCHI, Mitsuya HORIBA, and Ikuo WADA. "Development of the Mirror Therapy System with Tactile Sense Presentation." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.3.

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Liu, Xueqing, Song Yue, Luyi Lu, and Jianlan Li. "Study on Dust Deposition Mechanics on Solar Mirrors in a Solar Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234550.

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Solar energy is considered to be one of most promising renewable energy sources because of its availability and cleanliness. The phenomenon of dust deposition on solar mirrors greatly reduces the power generation of solar power plants. In this work, the motion behaviors and deposition mechanics of dust particles are analyzed by the discrete element method (DEM). The effects of environmental and solar mirror conditions and particle self-factors on dust deposition weight are systematically studied here. The research results show that dust particles, after particle collision, immediately adhere to the mirror or rebound and finally flow away from the mirror, or they otherwise may remain stationary after making some relative motion. Alternatively, they may glide for some distance and finally come to rest on the mirror or leave from the system. Different motion behaviors after particle collision depend on different leading forces. Here, the leading forces are the liquid bridge force (Fc) and the contact force (Fb). When the leading forces are Fc, or Fc, and Fb, the dust particles will be deposited on the solar mirror. Besides, the force Fc cannot be negligible when studying the motion processes of dust particles. The dust deposition weight on solar mirrors can be controlled by altering the environmental and solar mirror conditions, and particle self-factors. In essence, dust deposition weight on solar mirrors decreases when decreasing the leading force Fc or increasing the leading force Fb. The research results give theoretical guidance for the prevention and removal of dust deposition on solar mirrors.

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Amazioug, M., M. Nassik, and N. Habiballah. "Measure of general quantum correlations in optomechanics." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 05 (August 2018): 1850043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500430.

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In this paper, we analyze nonclassical correlations between bipartite states in two optomechanical systems. The first system (Sec. 2) consists of two nanoresonators spatially separated by broadband squeezed light, where each cavity has a fixed mirror and a movable one. The second system (Sec. 3) is an atom-optomechanical system consisting of an atomic ensemble placed inside an optical nanoresonator with a vibrating mirror. For both optomechanical systems, we give the Hamiltonian and the explicit expression of covariance matrix leading to the quantum equations describing the dynamic evolution of the system. Then, the nonclassical correlations are quantified using the logarithmic negativity and Gaussian quantum discord. We propose also a scheme for examining the evolution of Gaussian quantum steering and its asymmetry in each system. We show that the entanglement of the two mechanical modes is very strongly related to the parameters characterizing the environment where the movable mirrors evolve, in particular the squeeze parameter, the optomechanical cooperativity and thermal bath temperature.

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