Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mise en ordre d'anions'
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Ménard, Marc. "Applications du groupe de renormalisation aux conducteurs unidimensionnels dimérisés." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10493.
Full textNarjis, Abdelhadi. "Etude comparative sous champ magnétique intense des sels de Bechgaard (TMTSF)2AsF6 et (TMTSF)2NO3 : effets de la mise en ordre du réseau d'anions." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30161.
Full textWang, Hung-Chih. "Situation et ambiguïté de l'objet : la mise en ordre comme phénomène." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010513/document.
Full textThis research is an exploration, through practice, of the notion of order in its relation to the obiect. How do we organize the perception of something in order to understand it ?The status of objects changes depending on their context but also on the look that you cast on them. But as their primitive sense still remains more or Jess attached to them. they out of this fact some ambiguity. not only as to their identity but also as to their status. Where to file them? ln which place - order being also hierarchy - shall we store them in our organization of the world ?This research, both artistic and theoretical, is concerned with the terms of our outlook on everyday objects, as long as their place in the social hierarchy is not ensured by their functionality
Laversanne, René. "Localisation électronique et mise en ordre des spins dans les conducteurs organiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376070780.
Full textLaversanne, René. "Localisation électronique et mise en ordre des spins dans les conducteurs organiques." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10506.
Full textAUBAY, ERIC. "Mise en evidence et etude d'un ordre nucleaire bistable dans l'oxyde de gallium." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066394.
Full textVallee, Jean-François. "La nécessité d'une mise en cohérence d'un ordre juridique environnemental et économique mondial." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0006.
Full textIs the hypothesis of a more balanced global governance for the sustainable development ofboth trade and environment plausible?Are the institutions devoted to environmental protection really efficient?Are they not too scattered to be effective? Don’t they lack some kind of coherence?Can institutions in charge of trade development enforce environmental rules? Do they havethe means to do so?In an ultra-free market context the phenomenon of deregulation seems to favor thedevelopment of economic and financial activity at the expense of a strengthening ofenvironmental measures.It seems necessary to consider reconciling the rules of free trade-based international trade lawand the vital requirements of environmental protection law within the scope of sustainabledevelopment.Should then one contemplate creating a new specialized international body in charge ofgoverning the global environment? Or on the contrary, should one strengthen an alreadyexisting organization by granting it a dual competency , responsible for working out a newinternational sustainable development law by enacting a set of unified and coherent trade andenvironmental rules; ( A kind of international sustainable development law).The transformation of the multilateral system, the strengthening and the greening of itsstructures appear as possible solutions to handle both environmental concerns andcommercial requirements.This ambitious challenge of a fairer, more balanced global governance probably provides anopportunity to see how necessary it is to combine environmental law and international tradelaw; this coherence in global environmental and economic law seems possible
Dupuis, Nadya. "La mise en valeur de l'Amazonie brésilienne : de l'espace traditionnel au nouvel ordre planétaire." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6563.
Full textCosta, Maria Clélia Lustosa. "Le discours hygiéniste et la mise en ordre de l'espace urbain de Fortaleza, au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030044/document.
Full textFrom the hygienic and medical point of view, this thesis analyses the transformation of the urban space that took place in the city of Fortaleza - Capital of Ceará State (Brazil) - since mid XIX Century. The occurred urban transformation is comprised in an international context of the hegemony of the medical discourse that preached city's hygiene and sanitation. These ideas played a fundamental role in the process of formation and organisation of the urban space; in order to understand and explain the constellation of ideas and practices, it was necessary to study the role of the doctor in the design of a new way of thinking the city from the hygiene and health perspective, in addition to its application and adaptation to the European hygienic and urbanisation patterns - notably the French ones -, listing the State reactive and preventive actions during droughts and epidemics; the preventive policies against illness and campaign against epidemics. Geography contributed to the understanding of the role of ideas and of the impact of changes in the mentality for the creation of new territorial layouts and geographical landscapes. The dissemination of medical theories amongst the population and public authorities had significant impact in the organisation of Brazilian cities
Halley, David. "Croissance, mise en ordre chimique et relaxation des contraintes épitaxiales dans des alliages FePd et FePt." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757727.
Full textCopreaux, Jean. "Cristallisation et mise en ordre de plagioclases synthetiques : microscopie electronique en transmissionet diffraction de rayons x." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066114.
Full textBARNABE, ANTOINE. "Phenomenes de mise en ordre des charges et proprietes des perovskites ln 1 xca xmno 3." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2038.
Full textRoulin, Gilles. "Etude des premiers stades de mise en ordre dans les alliages martensitiques du système cuivre-aluminium." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES085.
Full textZhao, Lulu. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de nouveaux matériaux adsorbants d'anions à base de ferrihydrite ou d'Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires intégrés dans un gel d'alginate." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0105/document.
Full textWater pollution is currently a major concern from both health and environmental point of view. In order to solve this problem, efficient decontamination processes, economic and sustainable are constantly being developed and adsorption process remains a widely used method in the wastewater treatment. Many studies are devoted to the adsorption of cationic pollutants, but the development of suitable supports able to interact with the anionic contaminants is less discussed. The main objective of this work is to form two anionic adsorbents: the LDH (Layered Double Hydroxide) Mg/Al and two-line ferrihydrite. These adsorbents were associated with an alginate gel in order to produce composite materials that can be implemented in continuous reactors for the removal of anionic contaminants. The adsorption studies in batch reactor on LDH and ferrihydrite confirmed good removal efficiency for some anions. Ferrihydrite showed a higher adsorption capacity than LDH for the removal of inorganic anions. Increasing the Mg/Al ratio was favorable for the methyl orange (MO) adsorption, and an Mg/Al ratio of 3 (L3) was selected for the following work. Two protocols were evaluated for the integration of adsorbent into alginate gel: encapsulation and direct synthesis in the gel structure. The effect of crosslinking cation and the making of macroporosity were studied. The encapsulation of solids decreased slightly the adsorption ability of anions; however, the macroporosity counterbalances this negative effect of alginate gel. The MO adsorption studies with encapsulated beads showed that the increase of the bead size and the amount of solid in the beads were accompanied with a decrease in the adsorption capacity. The replacement of Ca2+ by Ba2+ strengthened the gel structure and improved the adsorption kinetics but decreased the adsorption capacity. The characterization of the support material prepared by direct synthesis in alginate gel showed a different structure from the expected materials (L3 or ferrihydrite), and therefore a different reactivity. The sorption mechanisms of various organic and inorganic anions were proposed for the studied adsorbents. The ferrihydrite/alginate beads prepared by encapsulation showed a good adsorption for all the anions used in this work, especially for inorganic anions (phosphate, chromate and arsenate); while those produced by direct synthesis in alginate gel removed only arsenate and phosphate essentially by a precipitation mechanism of the anions at the surface of the iron oxides and oxy-hydroxides. The sorption of MO in a continuous reactor showed that the increasing of the flow rate had a negative effect on sorption while higher initial concentration presented a favorable effect on the sorption, which is in accordance with results obtained in batch reactor. A desorption ratio of 30% for ferrihydrite/alginate macroporous beads (BPENFh-Ba) was observed in batch reactor with the possibility of reusing the adsorbent.This study confirms the performance and the possibility to use the composite materials of LDH or ferrihydrite in an alginate gel for the removal of anionic compounds contained in wastewater
Legrand, Marine. "La mise en ordre écologique des parcs urbains : savoirs, pratiques et paysages : exemple d'un grand parc francilien." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0008.
Full textIn France, local public authorities have taken a growing interest in ecological landscape management of urban parks and gardens since the 1980’s. It results in the emergence of a new landscape model that embodies the encounter between two tendencies in urban territories. First, the growing influence of biological sciences on urban planning through the “urban ecology” political horizon. Second, the enlargement of nature conservation policies, that starts to include ordinary nature and urban biodiversity. The aim of this PhD was to analyse the relations between local practices, knowledge construction and landscape production, implied by the attempt of a local public authority to reconcile urban leisure and biodiversity conservation in the same place without segregation. This work was based on an ethnographic study in the Seine-Saint-Denis district near Paris, where a local model was created to express this idea, the “harmonious management” model. It emerged after a conflict about the preservation of a marsh in a large park built in the 1960’s. Today the 400 ha of the park welcome more than 2 million visitors per year. The fact that the park shelters rare birds and amphibian species, pointed at local associations, has led to the integration of this place to a Natura 2000 site. The park history is closely linked to the influence of the hygienist ideology on the urbanisation of Paris region. In contrast with this history, the redefinition of the environmental public action is associated to the implication of local public authorities in considering biodiversity as a management objective. It leads to the creation a new institutional landscape model, which management is at the confluence between horticulture and ecosystem restoration. This redefinition goes along with the reconfiguration of knowledge and practices legitimacies, where scientific approaches gain influence. The rationalisation of public action toward biodiversity conservation also goes along with the production of new constraints for city-dweller practices, and surveillance devices, which are nonetheless never complete
Dourar, Karima. "Femmes et cosmésis : formes et évolution d’une mise en ordre de soi (VIIIème – Ier siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3114.
Full textMirrored with current debates on female appearance and control by public officials, the same questions and concerns arose in ancient Greece. Indeed, women in ancient times exercised - it any control over the way she dress? The appearance of women depended on - it of a personal desire or was - she influenced and controlled by members of the city? HWhat terms sent back to the ordering of gestures? What techniques were used? Gestures and adornment of the body, or voluntary restraint so arranged, are objects to see and analyze the historian. The ornaments include an individual in a group as they can devalue
Gaudin, Etienne. "Sur la stabilité et la mise en ordre des ions Cu+ et Ag+ dans divers chalcogénures ternaires et quaternaires." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2076.
Full textBerroudji, Sid-Ahmed. "Cinétique de mise en ordre à courte distance et caractéristiques des lacunes et des autointerstitiels dans les alliages tau-FeNiCr." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611880h.
Full textCollet, Éric. "Etude de la condensation et de la mise en ordre d'excitations de transfert de charge a la transition neutre-ionique." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10132.
Full textBerroudji, Sid-Ahmed. "Cinétiques de mise en ordre à courte distance et caractéristiques des lacunes et des autointerstitiels dans des alliages [gamma]-FeNiCr." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10095.
Full textJebari, Fouad. "Contribution à l'étude structurale et spectroscopique du tétrachlorocadmiate de diéthylène triammonium et mise en évidence d'une transition de phase." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Jebari.Fouad.SMZ9455.pdf.
Full textIn this work is presented an experimental and theoretical study of (denH3)CdCl5 relative to physical, chemical and structural properties. It has been possible to obtain the following new results : the structure of the material is non-centrosymmetric ; it can be described as orthorhombic pseudo-Pnma=D16#2h, very close to the pseudo-tetragonal Pn4#2m=C4#4v structure, but its true symmetry is Pn2#1a=C9#2v. The interpretation of the Raman scattering spectra, namely as functions of temperature, has been possible with the help of an order-disorder concerning the orientation of the -NH3+ groups. The assignment of certain Raman scattering lines due to the lattice vibrations was possible, as well as of certain lines characteristic of the (denH3)3+ chain deformations or of the -NH3+ groups. This assignment, although partial, allows to separate the vibrational modes of the CdCl6 octahedra from the vibrational modes of the organic cation. A phase transition of second order with no hysteresis effect was determined. The transition temperature is Tc=168K. Below Tc the structure remains orthorhombic pseudo-tetragonal. This transition manifests by the presence of a central peak scattering corresponding to a dynamic relaxational process. The detailed study of the torsion mode of the -NH3+ group allowed to determine the hight of the double well potential barrier, the orientation correlation time, as well as the critical exponents characteristic of the long range order. The correlation length at room temperature was found to be of the order of 15 elementary cells. The study of the skeleton deformation mode (at 335 cm-1) showed that it is coupled to the jump motions of the -NH3+ groups. The linewidths analysis showed their double origin : dispersion of their frequency due to the desorder, anharmonicity (essentially cubic)
Charrier, Francis. "Politiser la technicité : une analyse spatiale de la mise en ordre de la société de l'information au moyen du commerce électronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24144/24144.pdf.
Full textLejeune, Sidonie. "Chypre en transition : les cités chypriotes de la fin des royaumes autonomes à la mise en ordre lagide, IVe-IIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100070.
Full textBy 332 B.C., the Cypriot kings put an end to about two centuries under Achaemenid rule and rallied Alexander’s campaign. After the Conqueror died, they suffered from the continuous fights between the Diadochoi. Ptolemy finally took the opportunity of eliminating the Cypriot kingdoms. When he established his firm and long-term authority over the island, he was now ruling cypriot poleis, the number of which grew throughout the 3rd cent. B.C. This research deals with the transition from the autonomous kingdoms to the Hellenistic poleis. It describes the political organization of Cyprus throughout this changing period. The political actors in the island are the main concern. We focus on questions such as sovereignty, autonomy, domination and subjection. It shows that Cypriot political communities are particularly dynamic and well involved into the defense of their interests
Di, Méo Nicolas. "Entre décadence et mise en ordre du monde : le cosmopolitisme dans la littérature française de la première moitié du XXe siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30039.
Full textMy doctoral dissertation studies the problem of cosmopolitanism in French literature in the years 1890-1950 by relating it to the various manners of conceiving the unity and the diversity of humanity at the time. Cosmopolitanism was often linked to the notion of decadence, many authors holding it responsible for cultural uniformization and for the decline of national identities. To many writers of the period, insisting on diversity by constructing strong differences between nations was a way of criticizing modernity, which they deemed both absurd and chaotic. However, the relationship between nationalism and cosmopolitanism was far more complex and the latter often became a component of patriotic discourses. Indeed, French identity was frequently built on the theme of unity within diversity. This ideological construction was aimed at explaining France’s alleged extraordinary openness to the world, that is to say France’s unique ability to welcome and assimilate foreign influences without losing its own cultural personality. Even those who advocated internationalist or universalistic ideologies also emphasized the importance of cultural diversity. In many attempts to reorganize the world, such as Marguerite Yourcenar’s Mémoires d’Hadrien, published in 1951, cultural differences were used and exploited rather than called into question
Bloy, Géraldine. "Entre règles et marchés, la mise en ordre du travail : Contribution à l'étude de la formation de la relation de travail." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-207.pdf.
Full textLeduc, François-Xavier. "Etude du processus de mise en ordre des tétratèdres ZnCl4, en corrélation avec la séquence de transitions de phases modulées dans K2ZnCl4." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10106.
Full textL'observation d'une configuration ordonnée à longue portée des tétraèdres dans les phases désordonnées est l'un des résultats les plus originaux du travail. L'analyse détaillée du profil de la diffusion diffuse a révèlé la mise en ordre locale des tétraèdres à l'intérieur de clusters distribués irrégulièrement au sein d'une matrice ordonnée, dans la phase finale du processus de mise en ordre. Un ordre à longue portée des tétraèdres a été également observé dans les phases désordonnées de Rb2ZnCl4 et Cs2ZnCl4 qui présentent un degré de désordre orientationnel moins élevé que K2ZnCl4. L'arrangement de la configuration ordonnée des tétraèdres est discuté en fonction du degré de désordre des composés, et montre que les effets de volume ne sont pas la seule origine des défauts de structure
Attané, Jean-Philippe. "Interactions entre parois magnétiques et défauts structuraux, et mise en ordre chimique par irradiation, observées dans des couches minces d'alliages FePt(Pd)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10150.
Full textChazareix, Anne. "L'Etat et le secteur privé de la sécurité : vers la mise en cause du monopole de la fonction régalienne de sécurité." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0054.
Full textLe, Bouar Yann. "Influence des effets elastiques lors de la mise en ordre coherente dans le systeme co-pt : microstructures de biphasage l1#0 + l1#2." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0066.
Full textGaonach, Christine. "Dilatation thermique à basse température dans les conducteurs organiques à transfert de charge (TMTSF) ₂X." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112094.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of low temperature behaviour of the lattice of quasi-1D charge transfer organic conductors (TMTSF)2X. For this, we develop a capacitance technique for thermal expansion measurements, which provides a very good precision (10-8 for ∆2/2) on the variation of the lattice parameters along the stacking axis of TMTSF (tetramethyltetraselenofulvalene) molecules. The results obtained on the two compounds (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTSF)2ClO4 have been correlated to their physical, electronic and structural properties at low temperature. Especially: - in (TMTSF)2PF6 no anomaly was observed at the metal to magnetic insulator transition at ambient pressure. - In (TMTSF)2ClO4 an extra contraction of the lattice accompanies the anion ordering of ClO4-; this term is proportional to the square of the order parameter deduced from X-ray measurements. A phenomenological Ising 3D analysis (treated first in a mean field approximation and then in a Bethe approximation) has been developed and allows us to estimate quantitatively the physical parameters of the model such as the effective interaction between the ions, its variation with the a-axis lattice constant and the elastic constant at the system along this axis
Rharif, Nour-Eddine. "Fermetures au second ordre de la turbulence : Modèle réalisable anisotherme appliqué à un jet impactant une paroi, et mise en oeuvre en éléments finis." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0010.
Full textIn a first part, a second moment closure model of turbulence called "Cubic" (Craft & Launder 1991) has been implemented in a finite volume code. The numerical approach is based on fractional steps method with a structured non-orthogonal and semi-staggered grid. The cubic model has been applied to a round and heated jet impinging normally on a flat plate. Comprisons, of results obtained by both cubic and standard Reynolds stress model of Gibson & Launder (1978), have been made with experimental data. The results are improved by the cubic model compared to the Gibson & Launder model predictions. The second part deals withe the introduction and the feasibility of second moment closure trubulence model (Reynolds Stress Model) in a industrial finite element code. The Gibson & Launder model has been implemented in this code. The numerical approach is based on a time discretization using fractional steps method. Diffusion step is solved by a classical Galerkin finite element method and semi-implicit method coupling all the variables. The Gibson & Launder model, in the finite element code, has been applied to a flow in sub-channel of staggered tube bundle. Comparisons, of results obtained by both Reynolds stress model and k-epsilon model, have been made with experimental data investigated by Simonin and Barcouda (1988) at L. N. H. Weaknesses of closure models are pointed out. Numerical tests (preconditioning of the algorithm) have allowed a substantial reduction of CPU time
Faké, Abdel Ilah. "Repulsion et attraction lors de la mise en ordre de films bidimensionnels de métaux alcalins, le césium et le lithium sur la surface NI(111)." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0275_FAKE.pdf.
Full textCharbonnier, Pierre. "Influence des traitements thermiques, sur la transformation martensitique d'un alliage a memoire de forme Cu-Zn-Al-Ni : Phénomènes d'oxydation et de mise en ordre." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0095.
Full textWe have studied the possibility to obtain a range of martensitic transformation temperatures Ms for a Cu-Zn-Al-Ni alloy by varying the heat treatment conditions. Prolonged homogenization treatment in phase at high temperature induces superficial oxidation phenomena which lead to a raising of martensitic transformation temperature Ms by losing constitutive elements of the alloy. Several conditions in quenching and annealing allow us to obtain different states of order, characterized by transmission electron microscopy. We show that ordering has a great influence on martensitic transformation temperature Ms and we study the evolutions at room temperature of the metastable state of the alloy, particularly by isothermal dilatometry and calorimetry. Our results are interpreted by interactions between vacancies and ordering
Vignaud, Guillaume. "Etude par réflectivité et diffusion des rayons X de la mise en ordre et de la morphologie de surface de films minces de copolymères PS-PBMA." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1017.
Full textRwabihama, Jean-Paul. "Éthique de la recherche biomédicale dans les pays émergents : mise en place de comités d'éthique en Afrique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1600/.
Full textOver the years, ethics of medical research has grown remarkably. The complexity of the research process and the ethical issues raised by the clinical trials in African countries has drawn our attention. The creation of ethics committees in Africa in order to facilitate the expansion of biomedical research in the Global South based on Western texts has raised questionings on the protection of vulnerable populations in these countries from the South. The implementation of the ethical principles developed in such a way that it integrates with difficulty into the African culture and despite of the benefits of medical research, the impression of exploitation persists among African populations. In this context, and in order to propose new lines of enquiry, it seemed important to gather certain general principles of the ethics of research and the related texts, whose implementation in Africa does not harmoniously integrate with the local socio-cultural values. The notions of informed consent and individual autonomy clash with certain African values like community life with the sense of belonging to its ethnic group, whose interests come before those of the individual. The particularities bound by the African context such as illiteracy, the inaccessibility of primary health care, different traditional representations seem unsuitable for the current requirements of research ethics. This contrast between the countries from the North and from the South is very distinguishable within this field. How to call for participants to a research project for the evolution of modern medicine when 80% of the potential participants treat themselves with traditional medicine? It is important to specify that the interest of pursuing medical research in the countries of the South cannot be questioned, however, the way of conducting research does require a major revision. In order for us to understand the creation process of the ethics committees in charge of protecting the participants in medical research, a survey was conducted in 20 African countries demonstrating the evolution of ethics in this region. The consultation with the ANRS' sites in Africa and the Pan-African clinical trial network that took place subsequently, confirmed an evolving operating North-South partnership. Yet it is still necessary to contextualize and to reinforce independence. This task may be reserved for scientists and researchers in African humanities and social sciences. The fundamental principles of research ethics should be Africanized in order for Africans to adhere to the procedure of medical research conducted in their settings by the appropriation of the revised principles based on the cultural markers that identify them
Lefevre, Igor. "La mise en oeuvre des politiques locales de sécurité et de prévention de la délinquance : l'exemple des villes moyennes de Midi-Pyrénées." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10021.
Full textThe present research, by taking the case of the mid-sized cities of the region Midi-Pyrénées (France), attempts to describe the mechanisms of construction and production of local security policies. By combining the systemic and strategic approaches, this research brings elements of understanding about the references and the representations which drive the implementation of such local policies. Concrete cases illustrate the various stages of this process of construction, gives to know about various manners the actors of the local systems of public action of security understand and use the concepts, tools and methods defined in the national, even international level. The systematic round trip between reports of ground and theoretical elements allows revealing some attitudes developed by the concerned actors, and some myths which go through local systems. The grounded approach, also allows to formalize several typologies of actors, but also to know various dimensions which come in the composition of the local systems. The ground reports also gave the occasion to list certain obstacles to the realization of these local policies, but also the attempts and the means mobilized by certain members of the local systems to overcome
Schmuck-Pareige, Cristelle. "Etude par sonde atomique tomographique et simulation Monte Carlo de la mise en ordre et de la séparation de phase dans des superalliages modèles Ni-Cr-Al." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES073.
Full textChbihi, Abdelahad. "Etude de l'effet d'une déformation plastique préalable sur les transformations de phases dans les alliages modèles : CuCr et FePd." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648671.
Full textRauwel-Buzin, Erwan. "Elaborations et caractérisations de films minces d'oxydes de manganèse Ln0. 5Ca0. 5MnO3 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm), présentant une mise en ordre des charges, déposés par ablation laser pulsé." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2072.
Full textEl, Omari Mohamed. "Correlations entre propriétés électriques et ordre à courte distance au sein de quelques solutions solides de structure de type fluorine excédentaires en anions : mise en place d'un modèle." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10509.
Full textBessenay, Gilles. "Mesures d'intensité diffuse sur monocristal en rayonnement synchrotron : mise en place de l'appareillage et tests, aspects structuraux et cinétiques de l'ordre local dans les alliages Au-Cu." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066019.
Full textBlanc, Nils. "Caractérisation structurale et magnétique de nanoparticules de CoPt : mise en évidence de la transition de phase A1 vers L10." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466192.
Full textDidier, Christophe Gilbert René. "Etude des oxydes lamellaires NaxVO2 : électrochimie, structure et propriétés physiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14784/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the study of the lamellar oxides NaxVO2. Several phases have been obtained with different stacking of the [VO2] sheets: O3-NaVO2, P’3-Na0.56VO2 and P2-Na0.73VO2. These three materials have been the subject of an electrochemical study in sodium batteries coupled with in situ X-ray diffraction in order to understand the structural transitions taking place as a function of the composition. A superstructure appears at Na1/2VO2 for the three stackings. This composition has been obtained by potentiostatic synthesis. The structural characterization shows that at this composition the three polytypes present a Na+/vacancy ordering and suggests the presence of clusters of vanadium ions. An unusual behaviour of the physical properties is observed as a result of this peculiar organization. This work demonstrates the important electronic correlations in this family of materials and paves the path to future studies in solid-state chemistry and physics
Kameche, Farid. "Assemblage dirigé de nanocristaux métalliques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066305/document.
Full textThe fine control of nanoparticles bi-dimensional organization remains a main challenge for magnetic recording applications. Although the current size for a data bit is around a few tens of nanometers, it could be reduced to the nanometer scale simply through using magnetic nanoparticles. Nonetheless, intrinsic parameters of the nanoparticles such as their sizes, shapes and chemical compositions have a direct incidence on their periodic arrangement. Two different chemical routes were used to synthesize 2 nm CoPt and Co33Pt67 nanoalloys. Due to the high chemical disordering of these nanocrystals, the blocking temperature and coercive fields were lower than wished for data storage applications. In order to exhibit a higher chemical ordering, in situ annealing of these nanocrystals was carried out. It has been shown that ordering occurred around 400°C. Plus, size and shape for Co33Pt67 were kept after annealing but not for equiatomic composition. Nevertheless, only poor mesoscopic ordering between nanoparticles is observed, as reported elsewhere. This hurdle could be overcome in using organic molecules able to self-assemble on graphite and forming a porous two-dimensional supramolecular template. Thus, such template was designed and used to demonstrate that 2 nm Pt nanoparticles can locally organize in quasi-hexagonal or monoclinic lattices
Ziller, Tiffany. "Étude du mélange à l'état solide lors de la mécanosynthèse d'alliages Fe-X (X = CR, MN, V, MO) et étude de la mise en ordre d'alliages Fe-V élaborés par cette technique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_ZILLER_T.pdf.
Full textThe evolutions of Fe-X (X=Cr,Mn,V,Mo) elemental powders mixtures during mechanical alloying have been characterized from the scale of the powder particle down to the atomic scale by laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis, X-ray and neutron diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic and susceptibility measurements. When the thermodynamic evolution of the system leads to mixing (Fe₀. ₂₈Mn₀. ₇₂), the combination of the elements is faster th an when it leads to unmixing (Fe₀. ₃₀Cr₀. ₇₀). In our milling conditions, the stationary state of Fe₀. ₃₀Cr₀. ₇₀ powders mixture is not a homogeneous solid solution but presents nanosized composition fluctuations. These results can only be explained in the light of a competition between a driven mixing mechanism and a thermal unmixing process. During mechanical alloying of Fe₀. ₃₀Mo₀. ₇₀ and Fe₀. ₆₆Mo₀. ₃₄ powder mixtures, an amorphous phase is formed at the interfaces between the Fe and Mo layers. This amorphisation seems to be due to the asymmetry of the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mo added to a destabilization of the crystalline lattice linked to the driven mixing of the elements beyond a critical concentration. The ordering (A2-+B2) under annealing of Fe-V alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying has been studied by neutrons diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. At 450°C, the order parameter of Fe₀. ₅₃ V₀. ₄₇ stabilizes at an unusual low value that can be attributed residual fragments of antiphase boundaries. Only high enough temperatures can lead to the elimination of these defects thanks to long range migration of vacancies. An A2+B2 two phase domain, predicted by the theory, has been observed in Fe₀. ₃₇V₀. ₆₃ alloy annealed at 450°C
Claeys-Broutin, Odile. "Le pluralisme juridique international : contribution des juges internationaux à la mise en cohérence du droit international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100175.
Full textInternational law evolves at a rapid pace, and results in a strong increase in norms, organizations and international courts, raising increasing fears about a fragmentation of international law within the international legal order itself. The international legal order is defined, in the broadest sense of the term, as international law aimed at governing international society. This includes specialized international legal systems, made up of a number of international organizations ; each one including a court or an arbitral tribunal. The aim of this thesis is to determine, through the study of international legal pluralism, weather this foreseen risk of a possible fragmentation of the international law is, in the end, proven or not. In order to fulfill this aim, our work is based, on the one hand, on a systemic analysis of international legal orders, this in order to determine whether these bodies establish legal relationships between themselves, and on the other hand, on a normative analysis of legal systems, to determine this time whether each one sets up, or not, its proper inner coherence.In the first part, we show that the international legal pluralism seems to be uncoordinated, inducing a risk of fragmentation of international law, this due, in part, to the proliferation of international legal orders and, and in other part, to their lack of institutional ground. In the second part, we aim at proving that the international legal pluralism finds best its balance when international law is put into practice by international judges. They coordinate international jurisprudence through their jurisdictio (apply the law) and set out the boundaries of a true international judicial power through their imperium (to pronounce a binding decision)
FLAMENT, XAVIER. "Etude par simulation monte-carlo et diffraction de rayons x de la cinetique de mise en ordre dans les alliages : cas particuliers d'un systeme a etat de base degenere (pd 3v) et d'un systeme incommensurable avec structures a longue periode (cu 3pd)." Cergy-Pontoise, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CERG0101.
Full textHillion, Arnaud. "Étude des propriétés magnétiques d'assemblées de nanoparticules de Co, FeRh et FeAu." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757131.
Full textBarbut, Jean-Marc. "Texturation d'YBa2Cu3O(7-[delta]) par fusion de zone sous champ magnétique : détermination par mesure de courant critique de son diagramme de phase dans le plan [H,[THETA]] à 77 K : mise en évidence par mesures résistives de l'existence en champ nul d'une transition du 1er ordre dans l'état supraconducteur." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10049.
Full textHillion, Arnaud. "Études des propriétés magnétiques d'assemblées de nanoparticules de Co, FeRh et FeAu." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10155/document.
Full textNanomagnets are at the limit between a molecular complex and the bulk state. From a fundamental standpoint, the effects due to the small size of the system and particularly the increasing surface to volume ratio are likely to bring about new properties. Nanoparticles have found numerous applications in areas such as magnetic information storage, catalysis, biotechnology, medical diagnostics and energy. In this work, nanoparticles of 1.5 to 5 nm in diameter were synthesized by low energy cluster beam deposition (LECBD) and encapsulated in different matrices. As a first step, model systems based on cobalt nanoparticles strongly diluted in different matrices were fabricated in order to study more precisely the intrinsic properties of the nanomagnets. The continuation of this work consisted in increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in order to characterize the influence of interactions on the macroscopic magnetic behavior of the particles. Finally, after the development of tools to accurately determine the properties of model systems, these tools have been applied to bimetallic systems of significant theoretical and applicative interest (FeRh and FeAu). In particular, this work shows that after annealing under ultrahigh vacuum, the FeRh alloy nanoparticles in a carbon matrix show a phase transition A1 to B2 with no trace of pollution or coalescence. This transition has been demonstrated structurally by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and magnetically by SQUID magnetometry and X-ray magnetic dichroism (XMCD)