Relevant bibliographies by topics / Missing children

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Missing children'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Missing children"

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Lewit, Eugene M., and Linda Schuurmann Baker. "Missing Children." Future of Children 8, no. 2 (1998): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602681.

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Higgins, Sr Anne. "The Missing Children." English Journal 84, no. 4 (April 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819750.

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Edginton, E. "Cinema's Missing Children." Screen 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/45.1.90.

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Rodreguez, Rubin D., Cathy Nahirny, Ann W. Burgess, and Allen G. Burgess. "Missing Children Found Dead." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, no. 6 (June 1998): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19980601-11.

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Pickworth, Frances. "Children missing in education." SecEd 2016, no. 28 (November 10, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2016.28.6a.

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Ryder, Rebekah. "Children missing in education." SecEd 2017, no. 12 (April 20, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2017.12.12a.

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Feuchtwang, Anna. "Children missing from education." SecEd 2018, no. 5 (February 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2018.5.11.

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Colquohoun-Craig, Janet. "Parents of Missing Children." Children Australia 16, no. 2 (1991): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012426.

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Garcia, J. Malcolm. "Empty Streets, Missing Children." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 8, no. 2 (2006): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fge.2006.0029.

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Price, James H. "The Missing Children Issue." American Journal of Diseases of Children 141, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460070113038.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Missing children"

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Pitt, Roger Graham. "Italian cinema's missing children." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3736.

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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyse the range of resonances surrounding the lost or endangered child (or adolescent) in six Italian films made between 1992 and 2005. By drawing on and expanding Emma Wilson’s proposed understanding of the term ‘missing child’ in Cinema’s Missing Children (a transnational, cinema-based study published in 2003), this thesis will seek to open out new ways of exploring both contemporary Italian cinema and the ‘missing child’ paradigm. To this end, the following research questions are pivotal to the discursive trajectory of this thesis as a whole: What does it mean to ground contemporary Italian works which broadly correspond to the term ‘missing child’ (as proposed in Cinema’s Missing Children) within the specific context of Italian culture and society? How would recourse to a range of specifically Italian filmmaking, socio-cultural, or historical phenomena shape (or reshape) our understanding of this topos? In order to fully engage these concerns, this thesis will begin by establishing a rigorous interdisciplinary methodology. In Chapter One, I will address questions of critical reception with particular emphasis on the possible pitfalls of conventional recourse to neorealism as a means of reading the missing child in contemporary cinema. In Chapter Two, I will extend this necessary emphasis on critical reception and related notions of possible distortion and oversimplification, to include the dialogic relation between Italian cinematic articulations of (missing) children, childhoods and the experience of (biological and non-biological) parenthood, and clusters of cultural and political concerns and anxieties. In chapters Three, Four, and Five, I will bring this interdisciplinary methodology to bear on three sets of primary sources. Whilst this close textual analysis will contend with the missing male child (in a range of guises), it will also bring to the fore new ways of thinking with and about the critically neglected female child. By moving away from more normative critical frameworks (including neorealism) this thesis will not only attempt to reset and refresh understandings of important works of the last two decades, but will also work towards a recuperation of the critically disavowed gender identity (and concomitant role and status) of ‘missing’ female children.
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Sammons, Elise. "Missing from politics : the missing children of Canada's Indian residential schools." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51643.

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This paper explores The Missing Children Project of the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and examines the responses of communities and families of children who died or went missing in the residential school system from the 1870s to 1996. It uses Jenny Edkins’ discussion of how responses to missing persons and demands for information about their whereabouts, or in some cases, the circumstances of their deaths, represents a different kind of politics, one that acknowledges the person-as-such. Edkins’ framework is used to analyze comments from family and friends of some missing students and to examine family and community commemoration efforts. The paper also examines some of the Canadian federal government’s responses to the broader demand of recognition and to the Missing Children Project. The residential school system as a whole exemplified a type of politics that sought to reduce its victims to bare life; this is particularly evident in the way that deaths within the schools were handled: families were often not informed about the deaths of their children, and if they were, they were provided no details on the circumstances of their death and location of their burial. By demanding answers from the federal government, the families and communities of the missing insist on recognition, reclaiming the personhood of these victims, and seek a different type of political relationship with the Canadian state, a relationship which has at its centre an acknowledgement of the person-as-such.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Hutchings, Emma Lauren. "Risk factors associated with children who runaway or are reported missing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42860/.

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The overarching aim of this thesis is to further understanding and knowledge of risk factors relevant to children who runaway. More specifically to; identify risk factors most relevant to children running away; establish whether risk factors can be used to distinguish between those children reported missing once versus those reported on multiple occasions; and evaluate assessment methods currently being used with this group. The systematic review explores risk factors associated with children who runaway. Successful identification of risk factors can be used to inform risk assessment which in turn inform intervention strategies. Through an electronic search 573 references were identified since 2002. However, only 15 references were included in the final review once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Through this review it was identified that runaways are a heterogeneous group. Risk factors most consistently identified to be associated with running away spanned multiple levels including; gender, socioeconomic status, family structure, history of abuse/neglect, substance use and school attachment/engagement. Implications for intervention are discussed. The empirical study utilised data collected by the Gwent Missing Children’s Team collected over a one year period (N= 523) to explore risk factors associated with repeat missing reports. The aim of this study was to develop a model that could be utilised in practice to identify those most at risk of repeat missing incidences in order to direct resources effectively. Through logistic regression analyses it was found that five risk factors can be used to distinguish between those children reported missing once (low risk, N= 275) versus those reported missing on multiple occasions (high risk, N= 248). This provided a simple summation checklist that can correctly classify 70.4% of missing cases. This checklist can be used to inform resource allocation with those children identified as high risk warranting more comprehensive intervention and support. The case study presented the assessment and intervention of an adolescent reported missing to Gwent Police. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth analysis of a missing child case making links to relevant psychological theory and highlighting implications on practice. This case study demonstrated the cross over between running away and sexual exploitation and highlighted the importance in providing specialist intervention services in order to reduce risk of harm through repeat running away. Finally, a critique of a risk assessment tool widely used in Wales with runaways who are suspected to be at risk of sexual exploitation is presented. Within this critique it was found that the Sexual Exploitation Risk Assessment Framework (SERAF) combines consistency in approach with ease and efficiency of identification and intervention for children at risk of, or abused through, sexual exploitation. However, the tool requires empirical validation and reliability analyses before it can be considered a scientific assessment of risk. Overall, this thesis provides evidence for the use of risk factors in identifying children who are likely to be reported missing or runaway. It suggests that this group is heterogeneous and that risk factors relevant to predicting running away span multiple levels. This suggests that intervention should be holistic and target identified risk factors. Risk assessments currently utilised in respect of this group require validation. Further research to inform such risk assessments is also recommended.
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Griggs, James Leonard. "Claims making in the case study of missing children: A case study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/514.

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Gandsman, Ari. "The spoils of war : accounting for the missing children of Argentina's "Dirty War"." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32911.

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During the military dictatorship in Argentina (1976--1983), 30,000 civilians disappeared. Most of these people were taken by the military to clandestine prisons where they were tortured and killed. The children of these victims were also seized, and pregnant women were kept alive long enough to give birth. An estimated five hundred infants and young children of the disappeared were given for adoption to highly connected families. This thesis consists of a historical background of these events and then offers a series of explanations as to why the military did this.
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OLIVEIRA, SANDRA RODRIGUES DE. "WHERE ARE YOU NOW THAN HERE, INSIDE ME?: THE GRIEF OF THE MOTHERS OF MISSING CHILDREN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12034@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O desaparecimento de pessoas é um fenômeno complexo que suscita sentimentos ambíguos, tais como esperança/desesperança, tristeza, culpa, raiva e impotência. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto do desaparecimento de um filho, sob circunstâncias desconhecidas, a partir da ótica das mães. Participaram da pesquisa 11 mães com filhos desaparecidos misteriosamente, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2002 e 2005. As crianças tinham entre 11 meses e 11 anos na ocasião do desaparecimento. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, os dados foram agrupados em 4 categorias, assim nomeadas: 1)impacto do desaparecimento; 2) relacionamento com marido/companheiro/namorado/pai da criança; 3) relacionamento com outros filhos; 4) enfrentando o desaparecimento: facilitadores e complicadores. Constatou-se que, diante do desaparecimento súbito e misterioso de seus filhos, todas as participantes apresentaram inicialmente reações de negação, choque, entorpecimento, desespero e medo. Após o choque inicial, foram citadas reações de ansiedade e sentimentos de culpa, impotência, descrença, tristeza e raiva, em contraposição a sentimentos de esperança, fé, determinação e certeza do reencontro com o filho desaparecido. As entrevistadas também se sentiram desamparadas por seus maridos/companheiros atuais, pois esperavam que estes expressassem seu luto da mesma forma que elas, considerando-os inadequados e negligentes por não o fazerem. Na relação com os outros filhos, nota-se que, se por um lado algumas mães tornaram-se superprotetoras, há casos nos quais estas passaram a negligenciá-los. Conclui-se, por fim, que, para estas mães, fatores como a falta de certezas sobre como e onde está o filho, a inexistência de rituais, o prolongamento indefinido da situação e o julgamento de outras pessoas (especialmente de outras mães) podem contribuir negativamente para o processo de elaboração da perda. Por outro lado, a formação de grupos com mães de crianças desaparecidas e a possibilidade de compartilhar sentimentos apresenta-se como um importante recurso para a reestruturação e reorganização destas mulheres.
The disappearance of people is a complex phenomenon that raises ambiguous feelings such as hope/despair, sadness, guilt, anger and helplessness. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the disappearance of a child, under unknown circumstances, from the mothers` perspectives. Eleven mothers with children disappeared mysteriously participated in the survey, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between 2002 and 2005. The children were between 11 months and 11 years old at the time of the disappearance. Semi-structured interviews were performed and, from the technical analysis of content, the data were grouped into 4 categories, named: 1) impact of the disappearance, 2) relationship with husband / partner / boyfriend / father of the child, 3) relationships with other children, 4) facing the disappearance: facilitators and complications. It was found that, before the sudden and mysterious disappearance of their children, all participants initially had reactions of denial, shock, numbness, despair and fear. After the initial shock, reactions of anxiety and feelings of guilt, helplessness, disbelief, sadness and anger were said, as opposed to feelings of hope, faith, determination and certainty of meeting again the disappeared child. The interviewees also felt helplessness by their husbands / partners, because they hoped to express their mourning in the same way as them, considering them unsuitable and negligent for not acting equally. Regarding to the other children, note that, if on the one hand, some mothers have become overprotective, there are cases where they neglected them. It is concluded, finally, that for these mothers, factors such as the lack of certainty about how and where the child is, the lack of rituals, the indefinite extension of the situation and the judgment of other people (especially by other mothers) can contribute negatively to the process of coping. Furthermore, the formation of groups with mothers of missing children and the possibility of sharing feelings presents itself an important resource for the restructuring and reorganization of these women.
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Paoletti, Andrew Michael. "DELAYED OR MISSING PREVENTATIVE CARE AND PROBLEMS GETTING SPECIALIST CARE IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/440758.

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Epidemiology
M.S.
Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to use the National Survey of Children's Health 2011/2012 (NSCH 2011/12) data set to determine if children with diagnosed mental health disorders (MHD) (depression and/or anxiety) have delayed or missed preventative healthcare services (medical, dental, vision care), and if their parents reported difficulty getting them the care they need at a different rate than children without MHD. Population of interest: Children (0-18 years of age) and their guardians who completed the survey were included in the analyses. Methods: For both hypotheses, we defined subject’s exposure (having MHD) and outcome (missed or delayed care/problem getting care) based on parental response to interview questions (N = 73,632,881). Covariates adjusted for in our models included child/parent demographics, insurance status, household employment, and DHHS poverty level. Both research questions were evaluated using multi-variable logistic regression (adjusted as necessary using the correct sampling methods as suggested by the NSCH). Results: The odds of having missing or delayed care for a child with MHD were 2.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.82-2.77) than a child without MHD. The odds of the parent reporting problems getting care for a child with MHD were 2.11 times higher (95% CI: 1.74-2.60) than a child without MHD. Clinical Relevance: These findings highlight a need to focus on finding ways to promote and provide all of the healthcare that a child needs. Children with MHD have many healthcare needs that other children may not, but they still need adequate preventative care. This may bring the specific needs of a population needing extra help to the attention of healthcare providers and outreach programs.
Temple University--Theses
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Torney, Kim Lynette. "From 'babes in the wood' to 'bush-lost babies' : the development of an Australian image /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1543.

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In this thesis I argue that the image of a child lost in the bush became a central strand in the Australian colonial experience, creating a cultural legacy that remains to this day. I also argue that the way in which the image developed in Australia was unique among British-colonised societies. I explore the dominant themes of my thesis - the nature of childhood, the effect of environment upon colonisers, and the power of memory - primarily through stories. The bush-lost child is an image that developed mainly in the realms of ‘low’ culture, in popular journals, newspapers, stories and images including films, although it has been represented in such ‘high’ cultural forms as novels, art and opera. I have concentrated on the main forms of its representations because it is through these that the image achieves its longevity. (For complete abstract open document)
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Mehess, Shawn James. "Finding the Missing Links: A Comparison of Social Network Analysis Methods." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2728.

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Too many students leave school without even the essential skills (ACT, 2011), and many others are so drained by the experience they lack a desire to continue on to a post-secondary education. Academic engagement has emerged as a construct representing students’ personal investment in school (Greenwood, Delquadri, & Hall, 1984), and may be a psychological variable which can be intervened on. However, interventions must occur as quickly as possible to maximize their efficiency (Heckman, 2007). Students’ peer groups may be a particularly potent venue of intervention, however several options exist for how to go about measuring their social networks. In this thesis, social networking data of the only middle school of a small town in the north-eastern United States is analyzed to determine the properties of two collection methods (self-reported networks and participant observations) and four network identification methods (probability scores, reciprocal nominations, factor-analyses, and rule-based). Analyses overwhelmingly supported participant observations as a more inclusive, less biased data collection method than self-reports. Meanwhile, hypothesis tests were somewhat mixed on the most inclusive, least biased network identification method, but after a consideration of the findings and the structural properties of each network, the probability score method was deemed the most useful network. Implications, future research, strengths, and limitations are discussed.
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Choi, Hayoung. "Teaching rejecting response using wrong-item format embedding into missing-item format for children with developmental disabilities." [Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6560.

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Books on the topic "Missing children"

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E, Hyde Lawrence, ed. Missing children. New York: Watts, 1985.

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Guernsey, JoAnn Bren. Missing children. New York: Crestwood House, 1990.

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Hyde, Margaret O. Missing children. New York: Watts, 1985.

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McGloin, Sarah. The missing children. Manorhamilton, Co. Leitrim: The Upstairs Writers Group, 2006.

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Andolan, Bachpan Bachao. Missing children of India. New Delhi: Vitasta Publishing, 2012.

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Rowley, Brent. Missing children: A novel. Orem, Utah: GoldenWings, 2000.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, ed. "Missing children": Found facts. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1990.

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Hyde, Margaret O. Missing and murdered children. New York: F. Watts, 1998.

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Taylor, Harry H. Missing children: A novel. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.

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Forst, Martin Lyle. Missing children: Rhetoric and reality. New York: Lexington Books, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Missing children"

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Missing Children Act." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1747–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_699.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Missing Children Act." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2361–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_699.

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Stobbe, Mark. "Missing Are the Children." In No-Body Homicides, 54–67. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003372134-5.

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Saiz, María, Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero, Juan Carlos Alvarez, and Jose Antonio Lorente. "Forensic Genetics Against Children Trafficking: Missing Children Genetic Identification." In Handbook of Missing Persons, 177–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_13.

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Plass, Peggy S. "Secondary Victimization in Missing Children Events." In Handbook of Missing Persons, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_5.

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Lampinen, James Michael, Christopher S. Peters, Vicki Gier, and Lindsey N. Sweeney. "The Psychology of the Missing: Missing and Abducted Children." In Child Forensic Psychology, 241–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29251-3_10.

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Schellinski, Kristina E. "From missing other towards union with self." In Individuation for Adult Replacement Children, 150–70. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315733746-9.

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Berra, Jorge, Diana Grinspon, Norberto Liwski, and Morris Tidball Binz. "Genetical Identification of “Missing” Children in Argentina." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 443–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71150-3_97.

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Morewitz, Stephen J. "Children Abducted and Missing During Child Custody." In Clinical and Psychological Perspectives on Foul Play, 99–131. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26840-4_4.

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Roberts, Steve. "Ordinary Working Lives and the “Missing Middle” of Youth Studies." In Handbook of Children and Youth Studies, 569–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-15-4_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Missing children"

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R., Sowmya M., Kirti Chaudhary, Soumya R, and Prity Panjiyar. "AI-Assisted Search for Missing Children." In 2022 IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mysurucon55714.2022.9972347.

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Sridhar, B., P. Srinivasa Rao, M. Raju Naik, Sudeep Sharma, SVS Prasad, and Vishal Vishwanath. "Missing Children Identification using Face Recognition." In 2022 International Conference on Advancements in Smart, Secure and Intelligent Computing (ASSIC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/assic55218.2022.10088405.

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Pavarini, Gabriela, Sheila Giardini Murta, Josimar Mendes, Felipe Rodrigues Siston, Rafael Ribeiro Alves de Souza, Rafaela Cunha, Julyana Alves Ferreira, et al. "Your best friend is missing and only you can find him." In IDC '23: Interaction Design and Children. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3594496.

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K, Kavitha, and Samundeswari S. "Missing Children Face Identification Using Deep Learning Algorithm." In 2023 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpcsn58827.2023.00013.

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Coimbra Vieira, Carolina, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Marilia R. Nepomuceno, and Tom Theile. "Desaparecidxs: characterizing the population of missing children using Twitter." In WebSci '22: 14th ACM Web Science Conference 2022. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3531589.

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Li, Qingyao, Ying Yu, and Ming Yan. "Shade-GAN-Based 3D Reconstruction of Missing Children Faces." In 2023 International Conference on Culture-Oriented Science and Technology (CoST). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cost60524.2023.00013.

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Deb, Debayan, Divyansh Aggarwal, and Anil K. Jain. "Identifying Missing Children: Face Age-Progression via Deep Feature Aging." In 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9411913.

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"A COLLECTIVE AWARENESS PLATFORM FOR MISSING CHILDREN INVESTIGATION AND RESCUE." In International Conferences on ICT, Society and Human Beings (ICT 2020), Connected Smart Cities (CSC 2020) and Web Based Communities and Social Media (WBC 2020). IADIS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ict_csc_wbc_2020_202008l004.

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Karsli Calamak, Elif. "Syrian Children and Families in Turkey: Missing Stories and Counternarratives." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1572109.

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Ayyappan, S., and S. Matilda. "Criminals And Missing Children Identification Using Face Recognition And Web Scrapping." In 2020 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscan49426.2020.9262390.

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Reports on the topic "Missing children"

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LaLumia, Sara, and James Sallee. The Value of Honesty: Empirical Estimates from the Case of the Missing Children. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17247.

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Svynarenko, Radion, Theresa L. Profant, and Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of concurrent care to improve pediatric and family outcomes at the end of life: An analytic codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/m5fbbq.

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Implementation of the section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a prognosis of 6 months to live to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. Although concurrent hospice care became available more than a decade ago, little is known about the socio-demographic and health characteristics of children who received concurrent care; health care services they received while enrolled in concurrent care, their continuity, management, intensity, fragmentation; and the costs of care. The purpose of this study was to answer these questions using national data from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which covered the first three years of ACA – from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013.The database included records of 18,152 children younger than the age of 20, who were enrolled in Medicaid hospice care in the sampling time frame. Children in the database also had a total number of 42,764 hospice episodes. Observations were excluded if the date of birth or death was missing or participants were older than 21 years. To create this database CMS data were merged with three other complementary databases: the National Death Index (NDI) that provided information on death certificates of children; the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey that provided information on characteristics of communities where children resided; CMS Hospice Provider of Services files and CMS Hospice Utilization and Payment files were used for data on hospice providers, and with a database of rural areas created by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). In total, 130 variables were created, measuring demographics and health characteristics of children, characteristics of health providers, community characteristics, clinical characteristics, costs of care, and other variables.
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Svynarenko, Radion, Guoping Huang, Theresa L. Profant, and Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of End-of-Life Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in Rural Appalachia: An Analytic Codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/n89xhm.

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Appalachia is one of the most medically underserved areas in the nation. The region has provider shortages and limited healthcare infrastructure. Children and adolescents in this area are in poor health and do not receive the needed quality care. Implementation of section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a terminal illness to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. In addition to being more comprehensive than standard hospice care, this relatively new type of care is more culturally congruent with the end-of-life values of rural Appalachian families, who often view standard hospice as hastening death. The overall goal of this project was to investigate access to pediatric concurrent hospice care in Appalachia. Our central hypothesis was that concurrent care reduces rural/urban disparities in access to hospice care. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) used in this project was used and included 1,788 children who resided in the Appalachian region– from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. Observations with missing birth dates, death dates, and participants older than 21 years were removed from the final sample. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases were created to map the boundaries of the Appalachian region, hospice locations, and driving times to them.
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Riederer, Bernhard, Nina-Sophie Fritsch, and Lena Seewann. Singles in the city: happily ever after? Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res3.2.

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More people than ever are living in cities, and in these cities, more and more people are living alone. Using the example of Vienna, this paper investigates the subjective well-being of single households in the city. Previous research has identified positive and negative aspects of living alone (e.g., increased freedom vs. missing social embeddedness). We compare single households with other household types using data from the Viennese Quality of Life Survey (1995–2018). In our analysis, we consider overall life satisfaction as well as selected dimensions of subjective wellbeing (i.e., housing, financial situation, main activity, family, social contacts, leisure time). Our findings show that the subjective well-being of single households in Vienna is high and quite stable over time. While single households are found to have lower life satisfaction than two-adult households, this result is mainly explained by singles reporting lower satisfaction with family life. Compared to households with children, singles are more satisfied with their financial situation, leisure time and housing, which helps to offset the negative consequences of missing family ties (in particular with regard to single parents).
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Bano, Masooda. The Missing Link: Low-Fee Private Tuition and Education Options for the Poor – The Demand-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/113.

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Low-fee private schools are today recognised as important players in the education market in developing countries, as they are argued to provide at least marginally better education than is on offer in the state schools. Leading international development agencies have begun encouraging governments in developing countries to include them within the policy-planning process. Based on fieldwork in two urban neighbourhoods in Pakistan, this paper shows that low-income parents are keen to secure good-quality education for their children, but they have to choose not only between state schools and low-fee private schools but also from among an array of low-fee tuition providers in their immediate neighbourhood to ensure that the child can cope in class, complete daily homework assignments, and pass exams in order to transition to the next grade. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that whether their child is enrolled in a state school or in a low-fee private school, the parents’ dependence on low-fee tuition providers is absolute: without their services, the child will not progress through the primary grades. Yet the sector remains entirely under-researched. The paper argues for the need to map the scale of this sector, document the household spending on it, and bring it within policy debates, placing it alongside low-fee private schools and state schools in order to provide access to primary education to all and improve the quality of education. At the same time it complicates the existing debates on low-fee private schools, by showing that parents on very low incomes — in this case households where mothers are employed as domestic workers and fathers are in casual employment — find them inaccessible; it also shows that household spending on education needs to take into account not just the charges imposed by low-fee schools, but also the cost of securing religious education, which is equally valued by the parents and is not free, and also the cost of paying the low-fee tuition provider. When all these costs are taken into account, the concerns that low-fee private schools are not truly accessible to the poor gain further traction. The paper also shows that mothers end up bearing the primary burden, having to work to cover the costs of their children’s education, because the core income provided by the father can barely cover the household costs.
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Gust, Sarah. Global Universal Basic Skills: Current Deficits and Implications for World Development. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/114.

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How far is the world away from ensuring that every child obtains the basic skills needed to be internationally competitive? And what would accomplishing this mean for world development? Based on the micro data of international and regional achievement tests, we map achievement onto a common (PISA) scale. We then estimate the share of children not achieving basic skills for 159 countries that cover 98.1 percent of world population and 99.4 percent of world GDP. We find that at least two-thirds of the world’s youth do not reach basic skill levels, ranging from 24 percent in North America to 89 percent in South Asia and 94 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our economic analysis suggests that the present value of lost world economic output due to missing the goal of global universal basic skills amounts to over $700 trillion over the remaining century, or 11 percent of discounted GDP.
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Shammo, Turkiya, Diana Amin Saleh, and Nassima Khalaf. Displaced Yazidi Women in Iraq: Persecution and Discrimination Based on Gender, Religion, Ethnic Identity and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.010.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by displaced Yazidi women in Iraq. Throughout the history of their presence in Iraq, the Yazidis have experienced harassment, persecution, killing and displacement. Most recently, they have been exposed to genocide from the Islamic State (ISIS) group after they took control of Sinjar district and the cities of Bahzani and Bashiqa in the Nineveh Plain in 2014, destroying Yazidi homes, schools, businesses and places of worship. Yazidi people were killed or forced to convert to Islam. Over 6,000 were kidnapped, including over 3,500 women and girls, many of whom were forced into sexual slavery. Men and boys were murdered or forced to become soldiers. Any remaining citizens were displaced. Seven years later, more than 2,000 Yazidi women and children were still missing or in captivity, more than 100,000 Yazidis had migrated abroad, and over 200,000 Yazidi people were still displaced, living in camps.
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E, Flemyng, and Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9656.v3.

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Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
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E, Flemyng, and Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9699.v2.

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Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
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E, Flemyng, and Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Update. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9639.v2.

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Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
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