Relevant bibliographies by topics / Missionaries; Humanitarian aid; Stress

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Missionaries; Humanitarian aid; Stress'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Missionaries; Humanitarian aid; Stress"

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Tønnessen, Aud V. "Faith-based NGOs in International Aid: Humanitarian Agents or Missionaries of Faith?" Forum for Development Studies 34, no. 2 (December 2007): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2007.9666383.

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McAlister, Elizabeth. "Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp." Nova Religio 16, no. 4 (February 2013): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11.

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This article addresses religious responses to disaster by examining how one network of conservative evangelical Christians reacted to the Haiti earthquake and the humanitarian relief that followed. The charismatic Christian New Apostolic Reformation (or Spiritual Mapping movement) is a transnational network that created the conditions for post-earthquake, internally displaced Haitians to arrive at two positions that might seem contradictory. On one hand, Pentecostal Haitian refugees used the movement’s conservative, right-wing theology to develop a punitive theodicy of the quake as God’s punishment of a sinful nation. On the other hand, rather than resign themselves to victimhood and passivity, their strict moralism allowed these evangelical refugees to formulate an uncompromising critique of the Haitian government, the United Nations peacekeeping mission, and foreign humanitarian relief. They rejected material humanitarian aid when possible and developed a stance of Christian self-sufficiency, anti-foreign-aid, and anti-dependency. They accepted visits only from American missionaries with “spiritual,” and not material, missions, and they launched their own missions to parts of Haiti unaffected by the quake.
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Ehrenreich, John H., and Teri L. Elliott. "Managing stress in humanitarian aid workers: A survey of humanitarian aid agencies' psychosocial training and support of staff." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 10, no. 1 (2004): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac1001_4.

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Shah, Siddharth Ashvin, Elizabeth Garland, and Craig Katz. "Secondary traumatic stress: Prevalence in humanitarian aid workers in India." Traumatology 13, no. 1 (2007): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534765607299910.

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Blanchet, Célia, and Estelle Michinov. "Relationships between stress, social support and transactive memory among humanitarian aid workers." International Journal of Emergency Management 10, no. 3/4 (2014): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2014.066484.

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Schmidt, Georg. "Managing work-related stress in humanitarian fieldwork: aid workers and resilience resources." International Journal of Emergency Management 13, no. 4 (2017): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2017.087220.

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Schmidt, Georg. "Managing work-related stress in humanitarian fieldwork: aid workers and resilience resources." International Journal of Emergency Management 13, no. 4 (2017): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2017.10007633.

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Thom, Nathaniel, Pamela S. Davis, and Luke Tseng. "The Implications of Pre-Field Training, Negative Family-Related Events, and Negative Pre-Field Events for Resilience among Cross-Cultural Workers." Journal of Psychology and Theology 48, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647119878667.

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Cross-cultural workers are often exposed to a host of environmental, interpersonal, and physical stressors. This exposure may lead to negative mental health outcomes such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, or sub-clinical psychological distress. This study sought to investigate risk and resilience factors, both broadly and in-depth, among a group of faith-based cross-cultural workers. An adapted Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory, 2nd edition (DRRI-2) along with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD–RISC) were administered to N=268 missionaries and faith-based humanitarian aid workers. A comprehensive correlational analysis revealed significant relationships to risk and resilience in the areas of pre-field preparation, negative family events while on the field, and pre-field negative events. Implications for member care are discussed.
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Nilsson, Sofia, Misa Sjöberg, Kjell Kallenberg, and Gerry Larsson. "Moral Stress in International Humanitarian Aid and Rescue Operations: A Grounded Theory Study." Ethics & Behavior 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2011.537570.

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Ager, Alastair, Eba Pasha, Gary Yu, Thomas Duke, Cynthia Eriksson, and Barbara Lopes Cardozo. "Stress, Mental Health, and Burnout in National Humanitarian Aid Workers in Gulu, Northern Uganda." Journal of Traumatic Stress 25, no. 6 (December 2012): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21764.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Missionaries; Humanitarian aid; Stress"

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Lovell, Deborah May. "Psychological adjustment among returned overseas aid workers." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-adjustment-among-returned-overseas-aid-workers(fea712b8-eecd-46b0-a5c1-01aff5daaca9).html.

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A questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the psychological adjustment of people who had been aid workers overseas. Nearly fifty percent of the sample of returned aid workers (n = 145) reported that they had experienced psychological difficulties while they were overseas or following their return to Britain. Most had not received any treatment for their difficulties. People who reported psychological problems had, on average, spent longer as aid workers than those who reported no psychological problems. Compared with a group of people preparing for their first term as overseas aid workers (n = 43), returned aid workers had significantly higher mean scores on measures assessing depression, intrusive thoughts, and, among women, avoidance. Aid workers who invalidated their feelings appeared to be especially vulnerable to developing psychological difficulties. When compared with people who did not intend to become aid workers (n = 71), returned aid workers and people preparing to become aid workers were found to perceive the world as a more benevolent and meaningful place. However, a small proportion of returned aid workers expressed views that the world was malevolent and meaningless; such views were related to the development of psychological problems. This finding was discussed with relation to Janoff-Bulman's (1992) theory of shattered assumptions. Implications of the findings were considered, including implications for the selection, preparation and treatment of aid workers.
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Jachens, Liza J. "Job stress among humanitarian aid workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52237/.

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Objective: This thesis examined the prevalence of burnout, alcohol consumption, and psychological distress and their association with stress-related working conditions – defined either in terms of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model, or the ERI model combined with the Job Demand-Control-Support (job strain) model (DCS) – in two large-scale international samples of humanitarian aid workers. The studies herein were the first in the extant literature to examine organisational stressors using job stress models in this occupational group. Furthermore, given the paucity of previous research on the subjective stress-related experiences of humanitarian aid workers, this thesis also contains an interview-based study that explored how humanitarian aid workers perceived the transactional stress process. One key characteristic of this thesis was that both quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilised to provide a deep and ecologically valid understanding of the stressor-strain relationship. Identifying the links between stressful aspects of work and both psychological and behavioural health outcomes may help inform the design of sector-specific health interventions. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted to allow for a thorough examination of the prevalence of health and health-related behavioural outcomes, their relationship to stress-related working conditions (psychosocial stressors), and the concept of work-related stress in the population under study. Survey designs were used for Study 1 and 2 and involved the administration of a structured questionnaire. For the first study (Parts 1-2, Organisation A), logistic regression analyses were run based on a cross-sectional survey (N = 1,980) conducted separately for men and women to investigate the relations between ERI and both burnout (Part 1) and heavy alcohol consumption (Part 2) while controlling for demographic and occupational characteristics. In Study 2 (Organisation B), logistic regression analyses were based on a cross-sectional survey (N = 283) conducted separately for men and women to investigate the independent and combined relations between the ERI and DCS models and psychological distress while controlling for demographic and occupational characteristics. The final study was interview-based (Study 3, Organisation B) and it explored how humanitarian aid workers (N = 58) employed by a United Nations-aligned organisation perceived the transactional stress process. Results: The prevalence rates for the burnout components were as follows: high emotional exhaustion—36% for women and 27% for men; high depersonalisation—9% and 10%; and low personal achievement—47% and 31% for women and men, respectively. Intermediate and high ERI scores were associated with a significantly increased risk of high emotional exhaustion, with mixed findings for depersonalisation and personal achievement. The prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption among women (18%) was higher than the corresponding rate for men (10%), lending support for the effort-reward perspective only among women. Intermediate and high ERI scores in women was associated with a three-fold risk of heavy alcohol consumption. The results broadly suggest that occupational stressors from the ERI and DCS models, both individually and in combination, are significantly associated with psychological distress. A thematic analysis undertaken within the qualitative study revealed several main themes. An emergency culture was found where most employees felt compelled to offer an immediate response to humanitarian needs. The rewards of humanitarian work were perceived as motivating and meaningful, and employees experienced a strong identification with humanitarian goals and reported high engagement. Constant change and urgent demands were reported by the participants to result in work overload. Finally, managing work-life boundaries, and receiving positive support from colleagues and managers, helped buffer perceived stress, work overload, and negative health outcomes. Conclusions: The results of the present thesis convincingly demonstrate the usefulness of the ERI model as a framework for investigating burnout and heavy alcohol consumption among humanitarian aid workers. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the independent and combined predictive effects of components of two alternative job stress models (ERI and DCS) on psychological distress. Taken together, the findings underscore the deleterious associations between work-related psychosocial hazards and mental and behavioural health outcomes. Specifically, unique insights were obtained about the work-related stress process in relation to humanitarian aid workers – for example, the emergency culture shaping organisational norms. The results suggest that interventions based on these two influential theories, and supplemented by knowledge on role-specific stressors evident in the sector, hold promise for reducing health outcomes. The practical implications of the results are discussed and suggestions are made in the light of the present research and stress theory.
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Hearns, Annette. "Humanitarian Aid Workers' Perceptions of Stress Management Services." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3248.

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Humanitarian aid workers live and work in harsh circumstances far from loved ones and support mechanisms. The problem is that international aid must continue to work effectively despite stress levels. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand how aid workers perceive their work-related stressors, examine their subsequent experiences of in-house stress management services, and describe the factors that influence aid workers' decisions to access in-house stress management services. The conservation of resources theory was used to understand aid workers experience of stress. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify 12 aid workers with a minimum of 5 years of field experience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews conducted via Skype. After the data were reviewed, unit meanings were assigned and grouped to develop themes. The themes generated were organizational culture, social support, operational environment, the aid worker, adapting and strategizing, stress management services, and services. The greatest stressors participants reported related to the lack of safety and unpredictable working environments, and their experience of accessing stress management services were varied. Assurances of confidentiality and professionalism were the key factors that influenced aid workers engagement with stress management services. Participants received a summary of the findings which included recommendations for aid organizations on improving stress management services for aid workers. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the well-being of aid workers, supporting social change to improve the quality of care for the affected populations they serve.
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Bjällfalk, Emelie. "Building Stress- Resilience among Swedish Humanitarian Aid Workers : - The Pre- Deployment Preparation from the Humanitarian Aid Workers’ Perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24004.

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The aim of the study is to examine how well MSB (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) prepare the Swedish humanitarian aid workers to face stressful situations, looking at the pre- deployment preparation received. The study investigates how effective and relevant the pre- deployment preparation is in terms of building resilience against stress, according to the humanitarian aid workers’ experience. This study has been conducted with a quantitative online survey, combined with a qualitative open- ended survey. The surveys were based on research models on work-related stress and on resilience- building among humanitarian aid workers. The frameworks point out criteria needed to be fulfilled by an organization in order to build sufficient stress- resilience among humanitarian aid workers in the pre- deployment phase. The results reveal that MSB is able to fulfill most of the criteria set in accordance with the theoretical framework. The one and only criterion MSB fails in providing is an open, in- depth discussion about mental health before the aid worker is deployed. This also corresponds to the aid workers experience of not being provided with this. The aid workers’ experience reveals that resilience against stress is important, however, many seem to build resilience independently from MSB.
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Willner-Reid, Matthew. "Mercenaries, missionaries and misfits : competition in the 'aid marketplace' in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fea436f-50d7-4649-8c06-ffbf8efa5214.

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Both practitioners and academics have recently begun referring to humanitarian agencies operating within an active 'aid marketplace' in which limited funding pits actors against each other in pursuance of their own projects and wider aims. This thesis seeks to explore how the pressures of a competitive environment impact on the motivations and actions of aid actors at an individual and organizational level. Based on the common saying that aid workers are 'mercenaries, missionaries and misfits', I construct a typology of pressures (interest-based, altruistic, and bureaucratic), which, it is argued, can be used to explain and understand much of this competitive and collaborative behaviour. A particular focus of the thesis is the impact of these various influences on the process and politics of information transfer and discourse creation regarding the process of needs assessment, monitoring and evaluation. I explore all of these issues through the medium of a case study of UNHCR's interventions in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2015, and seek to provide a detailed history of the agency's activities, politics and challenges during this period. In particular I am interested in the motivations driving the agency's actions; the strategies it has employed to achieve its aims; the calculated narratives that it has crafted to justify its interventions and attract greater support; and the very different ways in which it has approached the needs of different categories of displaced people.
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Ambrose, Josh D. "Evaluating Community Dependence on Short-Term International Medical Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Masatepe, Nicaragua." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1463133502.

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Nilsson, Sofia. "Civil and Military Leadership Processes in Situations of Extreme Environmental Demands." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8571.

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The aim of the studies included in this thesis has been to develop the knowledge about civil and military leadership processes and the conditions for these in situations characterized by extreme environmental demands. The main part of the thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through semi-structured qualitative interviews with Swedish civil and military leaders. The studies, published in four articles, focused leadership during situations characterized by extreme environmental demands. The fourth article aimed at validating the theoretical model that was developed in study one. The thesis has pursued an integrated view in seeking to understand leadership and environment interactions during the conduct of international humanitarian aid and military peacekeeping operations. Hence it has been a matter of considering the individual leader in relation to the organisational and the external environment in order to study human adaption to meet the challenges and demands of disasters and conflicts. The results show that leadership during international humanitarian aid and military peacekeeping operations is a highly complex and demanding task. Premises for the processes involve a great number of environmental factors. In order to restore system balance within a larger system, there has to be congruence between individual appraisal of the organizational and the external environment to achieve successful task completion. Inconsistency among the environmental factors influencing leadership processes may evoke adaptional struggles characterized by both positive and negative stress responses that may affect performance and task completion. Reappraisal processes are shown to involve continuous assimilation processes of, and accommodation processes to, the environment, illustrating the shifting balances between environmental forces, organizational pressures, and individual initiative.  The findings on stress responses are in line with earlier research, demonstrating that stress reactions exhibit great similarities regardless of hierarchical level while also indicating a double-edged pattern concerning the overall development of stress reactions. However, it does seems that hierarchical differences exist with regard to moral stress, while moral stress appears to lack the double-edged pattern since no positive reactions are reported even at moderate levels of stress impact. Taken together, future civil and military leaders need education in complex person-environment interactions in order to get a holistic picture of the underlying mechanisms, thus promoting the development of their adaptive capabilities. It is suggested that this thesis can be regarded as a context-specific contribution to complex system theory by providing insight into the organizational and external environmental factors/demands that influence civil and military leadership.
Projekt 1. Räddningsverkets internationella insatser: Analys och utveckling av ledningssystemet. Projekt 2. Försvarsmakten FoT 7-område Ledarskap och stress.
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Jabes, Hend. "Le stress cumulatif et post-traumatique du personnel humanitaire sur le terrain et les mécanismes de défenses ou Coping." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100120.

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On parle souvent de population en détresse, mais rarement d’humanitaires en détresse. Et pourtant ils sont sur le terrain et subissent les mêmes événements et « malheurs » que la population elle-même et il n'y a plus de mois maintenant sans qu'une organisation ne déplore de situations graves pour son personnel. Mission après mission, les humanitaires s’exposent de façon répétée à des situations hautement stressantes, voire traumatiques. Et garder son équilibre et un niveau de stress correctement géré concerne soi-même et le reste du groupe, et au final la réussite de la mission. Connaître ses propres limites et ses modes de réaction à des situations par définition stressantes font partie de l’hygiène de base de chacun, tant pour sa propre survie, que celle des équipes.Le problème étant connu et inévitable, il est éventuellement possible d’y remédier par ce qu’on ap-pelle les stratégies d’ajustement au stress, connues sous le nom de COPING. Cette thèse a pour but d’expliciter des différentes formes et facteurs de stress dont les humani-taires peuvent souffrir ainsi que de leurs conséquences au niveau professionnel, relationnel, compor-temental, somatique et émotionnel à court et à long terme. Elle se propose de cibler le thème d’ajustement du coping, ou les stratégies pour faire face au stress par rapport à chaque type de per-sonnalité. On doit bien préciser ici que le but de cette recherche n’est pas de prédire la réaction de chaque personnalité face au stress, mais de mieux comprendre et par la suite adapter les stratégies de coping à chaque type de personnalité du travailleur humanitaire, décrit selon le modèle de personna-lité en cinq facteurs. Nous explorons par la suite le lien entre ces domaines de personnalité et le ni-veau de pratique dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire, assimilable à un niveau d’expertise
We often talk about people in distress, but rarely about humanitarian distress. And yet they are on the ground and suffer the same events and "misfortune" that the population itself and there's no more months now without that an organization regrets the serious conditions for its staff.Mission after mission, humanitarians are repeatedly exposed to highly stressful situations and even traumatic. The humanitarian has to keep his balance and stress levels run properly for himself and the rest of the group, and ultimately for the success of the mission. Know our own limits and our ways of reaction to stressful situations by definition are part of the basic hygiene of each, and are important for our own survival.The problem is known and inevitable; it may be possible to remedy it by coping strategies to stress.This thesis aims to explain the different forms and stressors that humanitarians can suffer and their consequences at the professional level, relational, behavioral, somatic and emotional short and long term. It intends to focus the theme of coping adjustment, or strategies of coping with stress in relation to each personality type. We must make it clear here that the purpose of this research is not to predict the reaction of each person deal with stress, but to better understand and subsequently adapt coping strategies to each personality type of aid worker, described by the Five Factors personality model. We explore also the relationship between these domains of personality and level of practice in the field of humanitarian aid, similar to a level of expertise
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St-Laurent, Julie. "Trouble de stress post-traumatique chez des travailleurs humanitaires de retour de mission : vers une meilleure identification des facteurs de risque et de protection." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20627.

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Book chapters on the topic "Missionaries; Humanitarian aid; Stress"

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Gushulak, Brian D., and Douglas W. MacPherson. "Humanitarian aid workers, disaster relief workers, and missionaries." In Essential Travel Medicine, 227–34. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118597361.ch22.

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Smith, Barbara, Inger Agger, Yael Danieli, and Lars Weisæth. "Emotional Responses of International Humanitarian Aid Workers." In International Responses to Traumatic Stress, 397–423. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315224312-17.

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Laderman, Charlie. "The Missionary Solution." In Sharing the Burden, 80–110. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618605.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the attempt by American missionaries to help remold the Ottoman state into a constitutional political system in the aftermath of the 1909 Young Turk Revolution. It explains why Americans, who had long regarded their missionaries as humanitarian aid agents helping to support and uplift the Armenians through their mission stations, now looked to them to extend their “civilizing mission” across the Empire. It explores the growth of the Protestant missionary lobby in the United States and the ways in which it developed support for an attempt to build a civil society in the Ottoman Empire that would ensure security for the Armenians within a reformed Ottoman polity. It explains why missionaries and their supporters viewed this as part of a larger mission to spread Christian ideals and representative government around the world alongside British evangelists. Missionary dreams of a new Ottoman nation collapsed when, amidst World War One, the Ottoman Armenians faced wholesale destruction. This chapter concludes by exploring how Woodrow Wilson’s administration and the missionaries responded to this “Crime Against Humanity,” and why their determination to maintain American neutrality so infuriated Theodore Roosevelt. It examines how the missionary lobby pioneered an unprecedented relief operation, and worked in partnership with the leading British champion of the Armenians, James Bryce, to publicize the atrocities and plan for Armenia’s ultimate liberation from Ottoman rule.
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Clark, Peter Yuichi, Denah M. Joseph, and Jessi Humphreys. "Cultural, Psychological, and Spiritual Dimensions of Palliative Care in Humanitarian Crises." In A Field Manual for Palliative Care in Humanitarian Crises, 127–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066529.003.0016.

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This chapter examines the complex psychological, sociocultural, and spiritual dynamics that arise when offering palliative care during humanitarian crises. It asserts the importance of being aware of one’s unconscious beliefs, biases, and assumptions, while advocating for cultural awareness, curiosity, and humility when engaging with those impacted by crises. It encourages readers to consider common dilemmas in cross-cultural caregiving situations. It also reviews factors that can increase psychological morbidities, stress resilience, principles of psychological first aid (PFA), and grief and bereavement, including a description of the types of loss people experience and how they may cope with grief. The chapter ends by discussing spirituality as a vital dimension of human experience, principles of spiritual first aid (SFA), and the essential accompanying that marks spiritual care in disaster situations.
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