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Journal articles on the topic 'Missions and retreats'
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1
Petrovic, Ilija. "Foreign medical help in Serbian liberation wars from 1912 until 1918." Archive of Oncology 18, no. 4 (2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1004143p.
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This work concerns involvement of the foreign medical missions during the Serbian Liberation Wars from 1912 until 1918, the work of their members immediately behind the front lines and in the back, healing of the wounded and the diseased, especially at the time of the great epidemics of typhoid fever, and also the efforts of numerous Serbian friends who collected the funds and material for equipping and sending of those missions. An American mission which came first to Serbia, soon after the beginning of the war operations and which was led by Dr. Edward Ryan, was specially mentioned. For many smaller of bigger missions, it is known that they acted in some of the Serbian war zones. A special attention was paid to the work of The Scottish Women's Hospital, its formation and means of funding, work in war conditions, attitudes towards wounded Serbs and posture during the Serbian retreat before the German, Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian occupying armies. This text is largely the author's own view of his two books on medical assistance which the Serbs received from their friends from abroad (Medical Missions at Serbian Battlefields 1912-1918 and The Scottish Women with the Serbs 1914-1918). The first of these booklets contains a list with over 1350 names (of which, approximately 700 are the medical doctors), and the other 1230, were based on the author's personal inspection of the available literature and materials, significantly increased the official data of the Serbian Red Cross about the number of medical staff who reached Serbian battlefields: doubles them for the Balkan wars, while in the Great war they were at least five times greater.
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Riley, Gina. "Worldschooling: Homeschooling Away from Home." International Journal of Education 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i1.10798.
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Worldschooling is a form of home education, where travel takes the place of school. Worldschooling can be done alone, with family and friends, or more formally through a program called Project World School. The mission of Project World School is to provide learning retreats for adolescents and young adults with a strong emphasis on cooperative learning, co-creation, community, and social learning. This article is a review and analysis of the five retreats Project World School took in 2016, based on pre and post experience questionnaires filled out by the participants. A discussion of the challenges and benefits of worldschooling is also included within the article.
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Stetzer, Ed, and Andrew MacDonald. "How Can and Should We Reach and Train Our Future Pastors and Christian Leaders?" Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 17, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739891320904968.
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This article represents a plenary session address for the Asbury Seminary Faculty Retreat, September 20, 2019, by Ed Stetzer, the Billy Graham Chair of Church, Mission, and Evangelism at Wheaton College, Dean of the School of Mission, Ministry, and Leadership at Wheaton College, and Executive Director of the Billy Graham Center. The article addresses six significant trends facing theological education. Following this, three mission challenges are derived from the trends, followed by three implications moving forward.
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Willis, Leah S., Diana Topjian, Tavia Buck, Markita Ebersole, and Wynde Limehouse. "Communicating Mission, Strategic Planning, and Professional Identity at a Nursing Retreat." Nurse Leader 8, no. 5 (October 2010): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2009.12.003.
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Forster, Richard R., Laurence C. Smith, and Bryan L. Isacks. "Effects of weather events on X-SAR returns from ice fields: case-study of Hielo Patagónico Sur, South America." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012465.
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The space-shuttle-based SIR-C/X-SAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaged part of Hielo Patagónico Sur (HPS; southern Patagonia ice field, South America) for five successive days during missions in April and October 1994. A significant meteorological event occurred during each mission, including a major storm in April and a sharp temperature decrease in October. Changes in backscatter are observed for both episodes in X-SAR returns from the mid-portions of one of the two large outlet glaciers in the study area. Ground-station and satellite meteorological, and hydrological data are combined with the daily X-SAR images to interpret changes in glacier surface conditions caused by meteorological events. Effects interpreted from the April storm are (1) wind- and precipitation-influenced surface roughening of a wet snowpack, and (2) the deposition of new wet snow at lower elevation and its subsequent retreat up-glacier. An abrupt decrease in regional temperature during October is thought to reduce the snow wetness and increase grain-size. The changes in the radar-defined glacier zones due to the April precipitation event are subtle, while the October temperature drop causes significant backscatter increases. Our results suggest that trends in HPS glacier surface and near-surface conditions observable from spaceborne SARs are not significantly masked by precipitation events.
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Forster, Richard R., Laurence C. Smith, and Bryan L. Isacks. "Effects of weather events on X-SAR returns from ice fields: case-study of Hielo Patagónico Sur, South America." Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012465.
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The space-shuttle-based SIR-C/X-SAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaged part of Hielo Patagónico Sur (HPS; southern Patagonia ice field, South America) for five successive days during missions in April and October 1994. A significant meteorological event occurred during each mission, including a major storm in April and a sharp temperature decrease in October. Changes in backscatter are observed for both episodes in X-SAR returns from the mid-portions of one of the two large outlet glaciers in the study area. Ground-station and satellite meteorological, and hydrological data are combined with the daily X-SAR images to interpret changes in glacier surface conditions caused by meteorological events. Effects interpreted from the April storm are (1) wind- and precipitation-influenced surface roughening of a wet snowpack, and (2) the deposition of new wet snow at lower elevation and its subsequent retreat up-glacier. An abrupt decrease in regional temperature during October is thought to reduce the snow wetness and increase grain-size. The changes in the radar-defined glacier zones due to the April precipitation event are subtle, while the October temperature drop causes significant backscatter increases. Our results suggest that trends in HPS glacier surface and near-surface conditions observable from spaceborne SARs are not significantly masked by precipitation events.
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Jain, Mina. "Oncology Section Missing & Vision Statement Oncology Section Retreat, Summer 1999." Rehabilitation Oncology 18, no. 3 (2000): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01893697-200018030-00003.
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Latarius, Katrin, Ursula Schauer, and Andreas Wisotzki. "Near-ice hydrographic data from Seaglider missions in the western Greenland Sea in summer 2014 and 2015." Earth System Science Data 11, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 895–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-895-2019.
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Abstract. During summer 2014 and summer 2015 two autonomous Seagliders were operated over several months close to the ice edge of the East Greenland Current to capture the near-surface freshwater distribution in the western Greenland Sea. The mission in 2015 included an excursion onto the East Greenland Shelf into the Norske Trough. Temperature, salinity and drift data were obtained in the upper 500 to 1000 m with high spatial resolution. The data set presented here gives the opportunity to analyze the freshwater distribution and possible sources for two different summer situations. During summer 2014 the ice retreat at the rim of the Greenland Sea Gyre was only marginal. The Seagliders were never able to reach the shelf break nor regions where the ice just melted. During summer 2015 the ice retreat was clearly visible. Finally, ice was present only on the shallow shelves. The Seaglider crossed regions with recent ice melt and was even able to reach the entrance of the Norske Trough. The data processing for these glider measurements was conducted at Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). The first part consists of the Seaglider Toolbox from the University of Each Anglia; the second was exclusively composed for the data from the Greenland Sea. The final hydrographic, position and drift data sets can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.893896 (Latarius et al., 2018).
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Smith, Susan. "The Holy Spirit and Mission in Some Contemporary Theologies of Mission." Mission Studies 18, no. 1 (2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338301x00207.
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AbstractIn 1990, Pope John Paul II spoke of the Spirit as "the principal agent of mission," a statement that can provoke a variety of perceptions of the contemporary practice of mission. In this article I wish to show how the mission of the Spirit enjoys chronological and spatial priority over the mission of Jesus through an examination of the work of some contemporary theologians. An emphasis on the chronological and spatial priority of the Spirit opens up, first, new possibilities for those who favor interreligious dialogue rather than an emphasis on proclamation and proselytization as privileged ways of being missionary. Second, it offers support to women who have long experienced the negative impact of androcentric Christologies in both church and society. Third, the universal presence of the Spirit in creation is an invitation for contemporary women and men to redefine their relationship to the rest of creation, for the Spirit's immanence in all creation should call for a retreat from exploitative attitudes to nature. Fourth, the energizing and vivifying power of the Spirit could challenge that institutional inertia that can encourage the church to think of church expansion and growth as the legitimate goal of missionary activity. But to speak of the Spirit as "the principal agent of mission" also requires that we need to redefine our understanding of the relationship between the Spirit and the Jesus of history. This redefinition is important, for to move from a narrow Christocentrism or theocentrism to a theology of mission that could appear to delink the Spirit from the Father and Son in favor of understanding the Spirit as a "cosmic force," a "cosmic energy" is as limiting as the problem it tries to resolve.
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Scharien, RK, R. Segal, JJ Yackel, SEL Howell, and S. Nasonova. "Linking winter and spring thermodynamic sea-ice states at critical scales using an object-based image analysis of Sentinel-1." Annals of Glaciology 59, no. 76pt2 (November 27, 2017): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.43.
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ABSTRACTChanging Arctic sea-ice extent and melt season duration, and increasing economic interest in the Arctic have prompted the need for enhanced marine ecosystem studies and improvements to dynamical and forecast models. Sea-ice melt pond fraction fp has been shown to be correlated with the September minimum ice extent due to its impact on ice albedo and heat uptake. Ice forecasts should benefit from knowledge of fp as melt ponds form several months in advance of ice retreat. This study goes further back by examining the potential to predict fp during winter using backscatter data from the commonly available Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar. An object-based image analysis links the winter and spring thermodynamic states of first-year and multiyear sea-ice types. Strong correlations between winter backscatter and spring fp, detected from high-resolution visible to near infrared imagery, are observed, and models for the retrieval of fp from Sentinel-1 data are provided (r2 ≥ 0.72). The models utilize HH polarization channel backscatter that is routinely acquired over the Arctic from the two-satellite Sentinel-1 constellation mission, as well as other past, current and future SAR missions operating in the same C-band frequency. Predicted fp is generally representative of major ice types first-year ice and multiyear ice during the stage in seasonal melt pond evolution where fp is closely related to spatial variations in ice topography.
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Won, Tae Joon. "Britain's Retreat East of Suez and the Conundrum of Korea 1968–1974." Britain and the World 9, no. 1 (March 2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0215.
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This article examines the discussions and decisions which occurred within the British government concerning Britain's military involvement in the Korean peninsula at a time when Britain was pulling out of its military obligations in Asia – colloquially known as the ‘retreat East of Suez’ – in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. After the end of the Korean War, Britain created the Commonwealth Liaison Mission in Seoul and provided a frigate for use in Korean waters by the American-led United Nations Command and British soldiers for the United Nations Honour Guard. When relations between North and South Korea reached crisis point at the end of the 1960s, London was concerned that Britain could be entangled in an unaffordable military conflict in the Korean peninsula. The Ministry of Defence therefore argued for the abolition of the commitment of the British frigate, but the Foreign Office opposed this initiative so as to mitigate the blow to Anglo-American relations caused by Britain's refusal to commit troops to Vietnam. When Edward Heath's government negotiated a Five Power Defence Agreement with Singapore, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in April 1971, the Ministry of Defence was, despite the objections of the Foreign Office, finally successful in repealing the frigate commitment for reasons of overstretching military resources. Furthermore, the Ministry of Defence then called for the abolition of the Commonwealth Liaison Mission altogether when it was then discovered that the British contingent of the United Nations Honour Guard would have to fight under the command of the United Nations Commander in case of a military conflict in the Korean peninsula. But this proposal too was rebuffed by the Foreign Office, concerned that such a move would greatly damage Anglo-Korean relations at a time when Britain was considering establishing diplomatic relations with North Korea.
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Mostaccio, Silvia. "Shaping the Spiritual Exercises: the Maisons des retraites in Brittany during the Seventeenth Century as a Gendered Pastoral Tool." Journal of Jesuit Studies 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2015): 659–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00204007.
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In the second half of the seventeenth century, on the periphery of Catholic Europe, Brittany was the site of intensive missionary activity aimed at both men and women. Based on a heterogeneous corpus of manuscripts, printed books, and iconographic sources, this article shows how, far from Rome, Jesuits and devout laywomen adopted a gendered perspective in reconceptualizing mission. In the city of Vannes, the Jesuit Vincent Huby and the aristocrat Catherine de Francheville instructed large groups of men and women in the Spiritual Exercises. They supervised two retreat houses to welcome them and created a “missionary kit” of moral images adapted to their gendered pastoral field. The Breton context presents a particularly good example of the importance of gender to missionary interactions. Here, the Jesuit “way of proceeding” allowed for the integration of local communitarian perspectives, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the mission.
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Marcotte, Sophie. "Fictional representations of rural Québec in The Night Manager, Autour d’Éva and Sur la 132." British Journal of Canadian Studies: Volume 33, Issue 2 33, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2021.14.
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In John le Carré’s The Night Manager (1993), the main character, Jonathan Pine, after fleeing Cairo and having resided in Zurich and Cornwall, retreats for several months to a remote mining community called Espérance, in the Abitibi region, north of Val d’Or, in the province of Québec. Pine, hiding under the alias of Jacques Beauregard, is hired as a cook at the Château Babette hotel. His stay in Abitibi covers the whole of Chapter 9. He will later pursue his mission in the Bahamas. Le Carré’s humoristic representation of regional Québec contrasts with his darker caricatures of Switzerland, and especially the Bahamas. It also contrasts with the dark portrayal of Québec’s rural regions in Québec novels Autour d’Éva (2016), by Louis Hamelin, and Sur la 132 (2012), by Gabriel Anctil.
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Herzfeld, Ute C., Craig S. Lingle, and Li-Her Lee. "Recent advance of the grounding line of Lambert Glacier, Antarctica, deduced from satellite-radar altimetry." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1994aog20-1-43-47.
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Satellite radar-altimeter data from Seasat (1978) and the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission (1987–89) are evaluated to investigate the question of advance or retreat of Lambert Glacier, Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. New maps based on a fine-scale 3 km grid arc calculated using ordinary kriging. The break in slope at the 100 m elevation contour, relative to the WGS 1984 ellipsoid, is taken as a proxy for the grounding line. Measurements indicate that the irregular grounding line, which includes shoals, advanced approximately 10km between 1978 and 1987‐89, corresponding to a mean advance rate of about 1000 m year-1.
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Herzfeld, Ute C., Craig S. Lingle, and Li-Her Lee. "Recent advance of the grounding line of Lambert Glacier, Antarctica, deduced from satellite-radar altimetry." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500016219.
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Satellite radar-altimeter data from Seasat (1978) and the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission (1987–89) are evaluated to investigate the question of advance or retreat of Lambert Glacier, Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. New maps based on a fine-scale 3 km grid arc calculated using ordinary kriging. The break in slope at the 100 m elevation contour, relative to the WGS 1984 ellipsoid, is taken as a proxy for the grounding line. Measurements indicate that the irregular grounding line, which includes shoals, advanced approximately 10km between 1978 and 1987‐89, corresponding to a mean advance rate of about 1000 m year-1.
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Curley, Christina B., and Nadia Abgrab Noormohamed. "Social Media Marketing Effects On Corporate Social Responsibility." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i1.8379.
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Todays customers are marketing representatives, product designers, intimate and privileged friends of the company, and de facto managers sitting in at a corporate retreat; they are major stakeholders who bring the concept of corporate social responsibility to the forefront. Since sustainability, connection with community and serving society are expectations consumers require from companies from which they buy, work, and invest; companies must continually look for innovative methods to communicate their alignment of socially responsible policies into their strategic plan. While such concepts are rooted in a collaborative mission, social media marketing is a natural platform for cultivating and instilling such corporate messages.
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Rack, Wolfgang, Christopher S. M. Doake, Helmut Rott, Andreas Siegel, and Pedro Skvarca. "Interferometric analysis of the deformation pattern of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, compared to field measurements and numerical modeling." Annals of Glaciology 31 (2000): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756400781819851.
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AbstractThe motion field of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, was analyzed using radar interferometry in combination with field measurements and finite-element model calculations. The ice shelf between Jason Peninsula and Seal Nunataks has been in steady retreat since January 1995. Model calculations suggest that the ice shelf is in a stage of irreversible retreat since the last calving events in summer 1998/99. The interferometric analysis is based on synthetic-aperture radar data of the tandem mission of European remote-sensing satellites ERS-1 and –2 in austral spring 1995. The phase contributions due to tidal motion were estimated from the vertical displacement at those parts of the grounding zone where the horizontal motion is close to zero" in order to separate the vertical and horizontal motion components over the ice shelf. Satellite-derived velocities compare well with the long-term field measurements along a transverse and a longitudinal profile. The real interferograms and synthetic interferograms, calculated from model velocities, show reasonable agreement over the main parts of the ice shelf, but differ in the boundary zones where the details are not resolved by the model.
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Li, Zhiguo, Lide Tian, Hongbo Wu, Weicai Wang, Shuhong Zhang, Jingjing Zhang, and Xuexin Li. "Changes in glacier extent and surface elevations in the Depuchangdake region of northwestern Tibet, China." Quaternary Research 85, no. 1 (January 2016): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.12.005.
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Remote sensing data, including those from Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM +), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM4.1 DEM), and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (Glas/ICESat), show that from 1991 to 2013 the glacier area in the Depuchangdake region of northwestern Tibet decreased from 409 to 393 km2, an overall loss of 16 km2, or 3.9% of the entire 1991 glacial area. The mean glacier-thinning rate was − 0.40 ± 0.16 m equivalent height of water per year (w.e./yr), equating to a glacier mass balance of − 0.16 ± 0.07 km3 w.e./yr. Total mass loss from 2003 to 2009 was − 1.13 ± 0.46 km3. Glacier retreat likely reflects increases in annual total radiation, annual positive degree days, and maximum temperature, with concurrent increases in precipitation insufficient to replenish glacial mass loss. The rate of glacier retreat in Depuchangdake is less than that for Himalayan glaciers in Indian monsoon-dominated areas, but greater than that for Karakoram glaciers in mid-latitude westerly-dominated areas. Glacier type, climate zone, and climate change all impact on the differing degrees of long-term regional glacial change rate; however, special glacier distribution forms can sometimes lead to exceptional circumstances.
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Clark, James. "The Evangelical Sensibility of the Benedict Option." Evangelical Quarterly 90, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-09002001.
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Since the publication of Rod Dreher’s The Benedict Option, commentators have scrutinized his claim that the Western church is undergoing an existential crisis. Many doubt that the state of Western Christianity is as dire as Dreher thinks. But the more important question is, even if Dreher’s warnings of a crisis are inaccurate, what reason do we have for not adopting his suggested practices? This essay attempts to show that the Benedict Option, rather than being a retreat from the world as is commonly believed, is consonant with evangelicalism’s emphasis on mission and outreach. Specifically, it is an attempt to live out the parable of salt and light by grounding people in Christian distinctiveness so that their light to the world can shine truly.
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Verhoeyen, Etienne. "De geheime zendingen vanuit Duitsland naar Vlaanderen na september 1944: roekeloos, onuitvoerbaar en onuitgevoerd." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 70, no. 1 (March 24, 2011): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v70i1.12329.
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Na de bevrijding deden in België allerlei verhalen de ronde over ondergrondse pro-Duitse verzetsgroepen, die zich voorbereidden op een rol bij de verwachte terugkeer van de Duitse legers. Dat stemt maar ten dele overeen met de werkelijkheid. Echte ‘witte maquis’, zoals deze veronderstelde groepen soms genoemd werden, hebben niet bestaan. Wel had de Duitse militaire inlichtingen-en sabotagedienst (de Abwehr) voor de terugtocht van de Duitsers in totaal meer dan honderd stay behind-agenten gevormd – velen in het bezit van een geheime zender – die pas in actie zouden komen als het Duitse tegenoffensief begonnen was. In dit verband had de Abwehr ongeveer zeventig munitie- en wapenopslagplaatsen in België aangelegd.Afdeling II van de Abwehr (sabotage) rekruteerde na september 1944 een twintigtal Vlaamse vrijwilligers onder de collaborateurs die naar Duitsland waren gevlucht. Zij kregen een opleiding als geheim agent en als saboteurs en zouden met een opdracht op dit gebied naar Vlaanderen worden gezonden. In totaal was de parachutering van veertien agenten in vijf groepen voorzien. De ligging van de wapenopslagplaatsen werd hun medegedeeld en zij kregen de opdracht contact te maken met het veronderstelde ‘wit maquis’, onder meer ook met VNV-leden die nog niet gearresteerd waren. Slechts zes agenten werden daadwerkelijk uitgezonden. Geen van hen is zelfs maar aan het begin van de uitvoering van zijn opdracht toegekomen. Doorgaans gaven ze zichzelf aan bij de Belgische politie. De enige radio-operateur die contact hield met Duitsland was na zijn arrestatie door de geallieerden ‘gedraaid’ en werkte in feite voor de Amerikanen. Zodoende kunnen deze post-liberation geheime zendingen als een volledig fiasco worden beschouwd.________The secret missions from Germany to Flanders after September 1944: reckless, impracticable and not carried outAfter the liberation there were a lot of rumours going around about underground pro-German resistance movements who were preparing for a role in the expected return of the German armies. This is only partially true. Real ‘white maquis’as these supposed groups were sometimes called never existed. However, the German military intelligence and sabotage service (the Abwehr) had constituted in total more than a hundred stay behind-agents before the retreat of the Germans -many of them with a secret transmitter- who would only get into action once the German counteroffensive had started. For this purpose the Abwehr had established around seventy munitions- and weapons depots in Belgium. After September 1944 Section II of the Abwehr (sabotage) recruited around twenty Flemish volunteers among the collaborators who had fled to Germany. They were trained as secret agents and saboteurs and were supposed to be sent to Flanders with a mission in this specialty. It had been planned to air drop fourteen agents in five groups via parachute. They were informed about the location of the weapons depots and were ordered to contact the supposed ‘white maquis’, including also members of the VNV who had not yet been arrested. In fact only six agents were sent on mission. None of them got as far as even the beginning of carrying out his assignment. Usually they surrendered to the Belgian police. The only radio-operator who kept in touch with Germany had been ‘recruited’ by the Allies after his arrest and in fact worked for the Americans. Therefore these post-liberation secret missions can be considered as a complete failure.
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Rankl, M., S. Vijay, C. Kienholz, and M. Braun. "Glacier changes in the Karakoram region mapped by multi-mission satellite imagery." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 13, 2013): 4065–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-4065-2013.
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Abstract. Glaciers in the Karakoram region are known to show stable and advancing terminus positions or surging behavior, which contrasts the worldwide retreat of many mountain glaciers. The present study uses Landsat imagery to derive an updated and extended glacier inventory. Surging and advancing glaciers and their annual termini position changes are mapped in addition. Out of 1334 glaciers, 134 show advancing or surging behavior, with a marked increase since 2000. The length distribution of surging glaciers differs significantly from non-surging glaciers. More than 50% of the advancing/surging glaciers are shorter than 10 km. Besides a regional spatial coverage of ice dynamics, high-resolution SAR data allows to investigate very small and comparably fast flowing glaciers (up to 1.8 m day−1). Such data enables mapping of temporal changes of ice dynamics of individual small surging or advancing glaciers. In a further case study, glacier volume changes of three glaciers around Braldu Glacier are quantified during a surge event comparing digital elevation models from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the new TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement (TanDEM-X) Mission. We recommend regular acquisitions of high resolution (bi-static) SAR satellite data and further exploitation of the archives in order to generate an improved database for monitoring changes, and to at least partially compensate for the lack of in-situ and long-term climatological measurements in the Karakoram region.
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Shihmin, Chen. "La dissuasion nucléaire et les rapports sino-japonais - l'interaction entre une puissance nucléaire et une puissance non nucléaire en Asie de l'Est (Note)." Études internationales 28, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703804ar.
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Since the end of 1950s, the Japanese nuclear policy has consisted in keeping the legal option open for the development of the "defensive" nuclear weapons and maintaining a nuclear potential. The motivation of this" open nuclear option" of Japan would be mainly the development of the nuclear force of China. The us retreat of all the ground-launched and submarine-launched tactical nuclear weapons in 1991 implied the end of the age of dependence on tactical nuclear weapons for "war-fighting" in Asia. The conventional deterrence would already be sufficient for maintaining the stability of the East Asia. The mission of the extended nuclear deterrence of the United States could be reduced to Us vital role for countering only the nuclear attack of other country, not for any conventional attack. The controversies about the "antimissile defense" have influenced the security relationship between China and Japan. The important strategic significance of the antimissile defense for Beijing would be that a strategy of the first strike against China would be easier to consider. A theater missile defense in Japan would be less challenging for China and would be useful against the threat of missiles from North Korea. Nonetheless, a strategic missile defense could have a destabilizing impact on Sino-Japanese security relations. The Japanese nuclear policy would be a hind of "recessive deterrence" which operates by the potential and the possibility of developing nuclear weapons. The nuclear crisis in Korea provides a chance to observe the working dynamic of this deterrence. Owing to the worry about the nuclear proliferation of Japan, Tokyo finds it appropriate to ask Beijing to prevent the nuclear development of the North Korea and to maintain the credibility of the extended deterrence of the United States.
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MacEachron, Ann, and Nora Gustavsson. "Peer Support, Self-efficacy, and Combat-related Trauma Symptoms among Returning OIF/OEF Veterans." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 3 (November 13, 2012): 586–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/2391.
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The incidence of PTSD and other combat-related trauma symptoms among more than 2 million veterans returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan suggests that many will experience psychological challenges in adjusting to civilian life. However, the literature is sparse about this new group of veterans. This study examined the relationships between peer support, self-efficacy, and PTSD symptoms among 216 OIF/OEF veterans who had attended 1 of 17 Vets4Vets peer support weekend retreats. Vets4Vets is a national grassroots program whose mission is to improve the psychological well-being of returning OIF/OEF veterans. Analysis of posttest changes indicate the generalizability of previous research findings, based on other groups of trauma-affected groups, to OIF/OEF veterans. As predicted, increased perceived peer support and self-efficacy reduced PTSD symptoms. From a theoretical perspective, we found that both models of self-efficacy, situation-specific (Bandura, 1997; Benight & Bandura, 2004) and general self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Fuchs, 1996), mediated or explained the relationship between peer support and PTSD symptoms. Implications for social work are discussed.
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Jezek, Kenneth C. "RADARSAT-1 Antarctic Mapping Project: change-detection and surface velocity campaign." Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781818030.
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AbstractThe RADARSAT-1 Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) is a collaboration between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency to map Antarctica using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The first Antarctic Mapping Mission (AMM-1) was successfully completed in October 1997. Data from the acquisition phase of the 1997 campaign have been used to achieve the primary goal of producing the first high-resolution SAR image map of Antarctica. The Modified Antarctic Mapping Mission (MAMM) occurred during the fall of 2000. The acquisition strategy concentrated on collecting highest- resolution RADARSAT-1 data of Antarctica’s fast glaciers for change detection and feature-retracking estimates of surface velocity. Additionally, extensive data were acquired for interferometric analysis over the entire viewable region, which extends north of 80.1˚ S latitude. This paper summarizes the goals and strategy behind MAMM. It goes on to discuss ice-sheet margin changes observed on several ice shelves around the continent. Margin changes are documented by comparing AMM-1 and MAMM data with earlier datasets including European Remote-sensing Satellite-1 SAR imagery, Landsat imagery, the Antarctic Digital Database (version 1) coastline and Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photography. Analysis reveals a complex pattern of ice-margin advance and retreat without indicating any systematic behavior in ice-sheet extent about the ice-sheet perimeter.
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Pälli, Anja, John C. Moore, Jacek Jania, and Piotr Glowacki. "Glacier changes in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard,1901–2000." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815573.
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AbstractHigh-resolution ground-penetrating radar surveys at 50 MHz on the polythermal glaciers Hornbreen, Hambergbreen and several surrounding glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, are presented and interpreted. Accurate positioning was obtained using differential global positioning system (DGPS). Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the bedrock and surface were constructed. Comparison of DGPS data and surface DEMs with data from the topographic mappings from 1936 oblique stereoscopic aerial photographs and from Mission Russe in 1899–1901 shows that the Hornbreen and Hambergbreen surfaces are about 60–100 m thinner today in the upper part than at the beginning of the 20th century. Hornbreen has retreated by 13.5 km from the central part of the front, and Hambergbreen by 16 km. All the fronts of the nearby east-coast glaciers in this area have retreated. The bedrock DEM shows that the Hornbreen and Hambergbreen beds lie at –25 to 25 m a.s.l. The combination of sub-sea-level fronts and increasing steepness of the glaciers suggests that the low-lying glaciated valley filled by Hornbreen and Hambergbreen may become a partially inundated ice-free isthmus within perhaps 100 years.
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Von Sinner, Rudolf, and Henrique Luiz Arnold. "COVID-19: tentação e responsabilidade | COVID-19: temptation and responsibility." Caderno Teológico da PUCPR 5, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/2318-8065.05.02.p10-23.
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Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, este ensaio reflete sobre a importância de uma postura, reflexão e ação responsáveis da igreja luterana em meio à pandemia do COVID-19, diante de posturas religiosas que, irresponsavelmente, negam a seriedade da situação e descartam resultados de pesquisas científicas e as recomendações de comportamento delas decorrentes. Recorrendo a Viktor Frankl e Martin Lutero, discorre sobre a tentação de Deus implicada nestas posturas, já presentes na época da Reforma protestante, e defende, com Dietrich Bonhoeffer, que o lugar da igreja é no centro da realidade, em diálogo, solidariedade e cuidado. Enquanto precisam fechar as portas dos tempos, não devem fechar-se à sua missão.AbstractBased on bibliographical and documentary research, this essay reflects on the importance of a responsible attitude, reflection and action of the Lutheran church in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, confronting religious attitudes that, irresponsibly, deny the seriousness of the situation and dismiss results of scientific research and the recommendations for adequate behaviour stemming from them. With reference to Viktor Frankl and Martin Luther, the article promotes a discourse on tempting God implied in such attitudes, already present during the Protestant Reformation, and defends, with Dietrich Bonhoeffer, that the church’s place is in the centre of reality, in dialogue, solidarity and care. While churches need to close their temple’s doors, they must not retreat from their mission. AbstractBased on bibliographical and documentary research, this essay reflects on the importance of a responsible attitude, reflection and action of the Lutheran church in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, confronting religious attitudes that, irresponsibly, deny the seriousness of the situation and dismiss results of scientific research and the recommendations for adequate behaviour stemming from them. With reference to Viktor Frankl and Martin Luther, the article promotes a discourse on tempting God implied in such attitudes, already present during the Protestant Reformation, and defends, with Dietrich Bonhoeffer, that the church’s place is in the centre of reality, in dialogue, solidarity and care. While churches need to close their temple’s doors, they must not retreat from their mission.
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Krstic, Predrag. "Why still critique." Filozofija i drustvo 18, no. 2 (2007): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0702009k.
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This paper is attempting to mark dilemmas, de-montage and pre-composition of philosophy that have been noticeable in its self-understanding, for the past few decades. As an answer to the cardinal question, three different and competing strands have been singled out - suggested and represented by Adorno, Habermas and Rorty - where the philosophy believes it could continue to appear. It has been detected, however, that the problem of survival and legitimisation of critique in modern philosophy has been, at first, identified with the question of survival of philosophy itself. Philosophy that has found itself on defense, but without loosing all illusions regarding its mission, it seems to see its last retreat and safe resort in the critical function of philosophy, traditionally understood as continual search for the truth. Nevertheless, politically situated, des-invested, even renouncing that enlightenment figure it seems that for the philosophical theory - more or less transformed - there is still place for autonomous action that is not without direct social consequences. .
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Rack, Wolfgang, Helmut Rott, Andreas Siegel, and Pedro Skvarca. "The motion field of northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, derived from satellite imagery." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821120.
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AbstractThe motion field of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, was analyzed, based on Landsat data from 1986 to 1989, Earth Resources Satellite (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from 1992 to 1997, and comparative field measurements along three transects. During this period the northern sections of the ice shelf showed steady retreat, which culminated in the disintegration of the two ice-shelf sections north of Seal Nunataks in January 1995. Velocities of these two sections were derived by cross-correlation, using SAR images of 1 year time intervals and Landsat images of 1-3 year intervals. A slight increase of velocity was observed as crevasses and rifts opened before the final disintegration. In addition, an interferometric motion analysis was carried out for the ice shelf around and south of Seal Nunataks, based on an image pair from the ERS-1/2 Tandem Mission in 1995. This analysis reveals a complex pattern of tidal flexure in the grounding zones, as well as rifting and shear zones on the ice shelf. In addition, the motion of the main input glaciers was derived.
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McKay, R. M., P. J. Barrett, R. S. Levy, T. R. Naish, N. R. Golledge, and A. Pyne. "Antarctic Cenozoic climate history from sedimentary records: ANDRILL and beyond." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2059 (January 28, 2016): 20140301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0301.
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Mounting evidence from models and geological data implies that the Antarctic Ice Sheet may behave in an unstable manner and retreat rapidly in response to a warming climate, which is a key factor motivating efforts to improve estimates of Antarctic ice volume contributions to future sea-level rise. Here, we review Antarctic cooling history since peak temperatures of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (approx. 50 Ma) to provide a framework for future initiatives to recover sediment cores from subglacial lakes and sedimentary basins in Antarctica's continental interior. While the existing inventory of cores has yielded important insights into the biotic and climatic evolution of Antarctica, strata have numerous and often lengthy time breaks, providing a framework of ‘snapshots’ through time. Further cores, and more work on existing cores, are needed to reconcile Antarctic records with the more continuous ‘far-field’ records documenting the evolution of global ice volume and deep-sea temperature. To achieve this, we argue for an integrated portfolio of drilling and coring missions that encompasses existing methodologies using ship- and sea-ice-/ice-shelf-based drilling platforms as well as recently developed seafloor-based drilling and subglacial access systems. We conclude by reviewing key technological issues that will need to be overcome.
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Alford, D., and R. Armstrong. "The role of glaciers in stream flow from the Nepal Himalaya." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 469–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-469-2010.
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Abstract. Recent concerns related to the potential impacts of the retreat of Himalayan glaciers on the hydrology of rivers originating in the catchment basins of the Himalaya have been accompanied by few analyses describing the role of glaciers in the hydrologic regime of these mountains. This is, at least in part, a result of the relative inaccessibility of the glaciers of the Himalaya, at altitudes generally between 4000–7000 m, and the extreme logistical difficulties of: 1) reaching the glaciers, and 2) conducting meaningful research once they have been reached. It is apparent that an alternative to traditional "Alpine" glaciology is required in the mountains of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region. The objectives of the study discussed here have been to develop methodologies that will begin to quantify the role of complete glacier systems in the hydrologic regime of the Nepal Himalaya, and to develop estimates of the potential impact of a continued retreat of these glacier, based on the use of disaggregated low-altitude data bases, topography derived from satellite imagery, and simple process models of water and energy exchange in mountain regions. While the extent of mesoscale variability has not been established by studies to date, it is clear that the dominant control on the hydrologic regime of the tributaries to the Ganges Basin from the eastern Himalaya is the interaction between the summer monsoon and the 8000 m of topographic relief represented by the Himalayan wall. All the available evidence indicates that the gradient of specific runoff with altitude resulting from this interaction is moderately to strongly curvilinear, with maximum runoff occurring at mid-altitudes, and minima at the altitudinal extremes. At the upper minimum of this gradient, Himalayan glaciers exist in what has been characterized as an "arctic desert". The methodologies developed for this study involve the relationship between area-altitude distributions of catchment basins and glaciers, based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM3) data and water and energy exchange gradients. Based on these methodologies, it is estimated that the contribution of glacier annual melt water to annual stream flow into the Ganges Basin from the glacierized catchments of the Nepal Himalaya represents approximately 4% of the total annual stream flow volume of the rivers of Nepal, and thus, is a minor component of the annual flow of the Ganges River. The models developed for this study indicate that neither stream flow timing nor volume of the rivers flowing into the Ganges Basin from Nepal will be affected materially by a continued retreat of the glaciers of the Nepal Himalaya.
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Seehaus, Thorsten, Alison J. Cook, Aline B. Silva, and Matthias Braun. "Changes in glacier dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985." Cryosphere 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-577-2018.
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Abstract. The climatic conditions along the northern Antarctic Peninsula have shown significant changes within the last 50 years. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of temporally and spatially detailed observations of the changes in ice dynamics along both the east and west coastlines of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Temporal evolutions of glacier area (1985–2015) and ice surface velocity (1992–2014) are derived from a broad multi-mission remote sensing database for 74 glacier basins on the northern Antarctic Peninsula ( < 65° S along the west coast and north of the Seal Nunataks on the east coast). A recession of the glaciers by 238.81 km2 is found for the period 1985–2015, of which the glaciers affected by ice shelf disintegration showed the largest retreat by 208.59 km2. Glaciers on the east coast north of the former Prince Gustav Ice Shelf extent in 1986 receded by only 21.07 km2 (1985–2015) and decelerated by about 58 % on average (1992–2014). A dramatic acceleration after ice shelf disintegration with a subsequent deceleration is observed at most former ice shelf tributaries on the east coast, combined with a significant frontal retreat. In 2014, the flow speed of the former ice shelf tributaries was 26 % higher than before 1996. Along the west coast the average flow speeds of the glaciers increased by 41 %. However, the glaciers on the western Antarctic Peninsula revealed a strong spatial variability of the changes in ice dynamics. By applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, we show that this is associated with the geometric parameters of the individual glacier basins (hypsometric indexes, maximum surface elevation of the basin, flux gate to catchment size ratio). The heterogeneous spatial pattern of ice dynamic evolutions at the northern Antarctic Peninsula shows that temporally and spatially detailed observations as well as further monitoring are necessary to fully understand glacier change in regions with such strong topographic and climatic variances.
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Parihar, Navin, Sandro Maria Radicella, Bruno Nava, Yenca Olivia Migoya-Orue, Prabhakar Tiwari, and Rajesh Singh. "An investigation of the ionospheric F region near the EIA crest in India using OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm nightglow observations." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-809-2018.
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Abstract. Simultaneous observations of OI 777.4 and OI 630.0 nm nightglow emissions were carried at a low-latitude station, Allahabad (25.5° N, 81.9° E; geomag. lat. ∼ 16.30° N), located near the crest of the Appleton anomaly in India during September–December 2009. This report attempts to study the F region of ionosphere using airglow-derived parameters. Using an empirical approach put forward by Makela et al. (2001), firstly, we propose a novel technique to calibrate OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm emission intensities using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate/Formosa Satellite Mission 3 (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) electron density profiles. Next, the electron density maximum (Nm) and its height (hmF2) of the F layer have been derived from the information of two calibrated intensities. Nocturnal variation of Nm showed the signatures of the retreat of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) phenomenon that are usually observed in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. Signatures of gravity waves with time periods in the range of 0.7–3.0 h were also seen in Nm and hmF2 variations. Sample Nm and hmF2 maps have also been generated to show the usefulness of this technique in studying ionospheric processes.
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AGARWAL, VIBHOR, TOBIAS BOLCH, TAJDARUL H. SYED, TINO PIECZONKA, TAZIO STROZZI, and RISHABH NAGAICH. "Area and mass changes of Siachen Glacier (East Karakoram)." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 237 (December 8, 2016): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.127.
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ABSTRACTHere, we present a comprehensive assessment of Siachen Glacier (East Karakoram), in terms of its area and elevation change, velocity variations and mass budget, utilizing different satellite datasets including Landsat, Hexagon, Cartosat-I, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar and Japanese Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array-type L-band SAR. The total areal extent of Siachen Glacier did not change significantly between 1980 and 2014; however the exposed-ice area decreased during that period. The terminus of the glacier has experienced substantial downwasting (on average 30 m) over the period of 1999–2007, followed by a retreat of the transition between exposed and debris-covered ice by a distance of 1.3 km during the short span 2007–14. The spatial patterns of the elevation difference and velocity are heterogeneous over the large areal extent of Siachen Glacier. The average velocity of the entire glacier, as computed between 11 December 2008 and 26 January 2009, was 12.3 ± 0.4 cm d−1, while those estimated separately for the accumulation and ablation regions were 9.7 ± 0.4 cm d−1 and 20.4 ± 0.4 cm d−1, respectively. The mass budget of Siachen Glacier is estimated to be –0.03 ± 0.21 m w.e. a−1 for the period of 1999–2007.
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Cargill, P. J., M. W. Dunlop, B. Lavraud, R. C. Elphic, D. L. Holland, K. Nykyri, A. Balogh, I. Dandouras, and H. Rème. "CLUSTER encounters with the high altitude cusp: boundary structure and magnetic field depletions." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 5 (April 8, 2004): 1739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1739-2004.
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Abstract. Data from the four spacecraft Cluster mission during a high altitude cusp crossing on 13 February 2001 are presented. The spacecraft configuration has one leading spacecraft, with the three trailing spacecraft lying in a plane that corresponds roughly to the nominal magnetopause surface. The typical spacecraft separation is approximately 600km. The encounter occurs under conditions of strong and steady southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). The cusp is identified as a seven-minute long depression in the magnetic field, associated with ion heating and a high abundance of He+. Cusp entry involves passage through a magnetopause boundary that has undergone very significant distortion from its nominal shape, is moving rapidly, and exhibits structure on scales of the order of the spacecraft separation or less. This boundary is associated with a rotation of the magnetic field, a normal field component, and a plasma flow into the cusp of approximately 35 km/s. However, it cannot be identified positively as a rotational discontinuity. Exit from the cusp into the lobe is through a boundary that is initially sharp, but then retreats tailward at a few km/s. As the leading spacecraft passes through this boundary, there is a plasma flow out of the cusp of approximately 30km/s, suggesting that this is not a tangential discontinuity. A few minutes after exit from the cusp, the three trailing the spacecraft see a single cusp-like signature in the magnetic field. There is an associated temperature increase at two of the three trailing spacecraft. Timing measurements indicate that this is due to cusp-like regions detaching from the rear of the cusp boundary, and moving tailward. The magnetic field in the cusp is highly disordered, with no obvious relation between the four spacecraft, indicative of structure on scales
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Trail, Juliet Jennifer, and Tim Cunningham. "The Compassionate University." Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice 6, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v6i3.358.
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Over the past decade, the University of Virginia has been experiencing a culture change towards becoming a more contemplative and compassionate institution. The leaders of this change seek, ultimately, to enhance and influence every aspect of the mission and community of this large, prestigious public institution. Of course, multi-layered and pervasive culture change does not occur instantaneously. Rather, the establishment in 2009 of the UVA School of Nursing’s Compassionate Care Initiative, followed by the launch in 2012 of the pan-university UVA Contemplative Sciences Center have led to an array of targeted initiatives that incorporate both the health system – consisting of the School of Nursing, School of Medicine, and the UVA Medical Center – and the university’s academic division, consisting of nine additional schools as well as the ancillary units that support the wider university.
This article provides a set of detailed examples of efforts implemented by these two centers in support of a culture change towards more compassionate teaching, research, patient care, and service. Examples will include:
supporting compassion and self-care through retreats in the School of Nursing and research assessing the impact of this and additional co-curricular programming via cross-sectional survey of nurses
discussion of student, faculty and clinical Ambassadors who serve as compassion mentors across the UVA Health System
consideration of contemplative pedagogy within the UVA undergraduate course Mindfulness & Compassion: Towards Living Fully, Personally & Professionally
discussion of pan-university co-curricular programming serving the university community that seeks to create impact at an institution-wide level.
The impact and outcomes of each example will be considered, individually and as part of a larger shift towards creating a compassionate, contemplative university for the modern era.
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Ruiz, Lucas, Etienne Berthier, Maximiliano Viale, Pierre Pitte, and Mariano H. Masiokas. "Recent geodetic mass balance of Monte Tronador glaciers, northern Patagonian Andes." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-619-2017.
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Abstract. Glaciers in the northern Patagonian Andes (35–46° S) have shown a dramatic decline in area in the last decades. However, little is known about glacier mass balance changes in this region. This study presents a geodetic mass balance estimate of Monte Tronador (41.15° S; 71.88° W) glaciers by comparing a Pléiades digital elevation model (DEM) acquired in 2012 with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) X-band DEM acquired in 2000. We find a slightly negative Monte-Tronador-wide mass budget of −0.17 m w.e. a−1 (ranging from −0.54 to 0.14 m w.e. a−1 for individual glaciers) and a slightly negative trend in glacier extent (−0.16 % a−1) over the 2000–2012 period. With a few exceptions, debris-covered valley glaciers that descend below a bedrock cliff are losing mass at higher rates, while mountain glaciers with termini located above this cliff are closer to mass equilibrium. Climate variations over the last decades show a notable increase in warm season temperatures in the late 1970s but limited warming afterwards. These warmer conditions combined with an overall drying trend may explain the moderate ice mass loss observed at Monte Tronador. The almost balanced mass budget of mountain glaciers suggests that they are probably approaching a dynamic equilibrium with current (post-1977) climate, whereas the valley glaciers tongues will continue to retreat. The slightly negative overall mass budget of Monte Tronador glaciers contrasts with the highly negative mass balance estimates observed in the Patagonian ice fields further south.
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Atkinson, Nigel, Daniel J. Utting, and Steven M. Pawley. "Landform signature of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets across Alberta during the last glaciation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 12 (December 2014): 1067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0112.
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Government geological survey maps and research publications have portrayed the distribution of glacial landforms associated with the advance and retreat of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets across Alberta at a local, regional, and continental scale. To date, this information has not been systematically synthesized into a single compilation at a consistent scale. Although this original work provided valuable information to constrain reconstructions of former ice sheet extent, configuration, and flow geometry, its derivation primarily from the interpretation of aerial photographs and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 90 m digital elevation model (DEM) may result in methodological inconsistencies and spatial biases. These biases, together with challenges associated with geomorphic mapping in densely forested areas of western and northern Alberta limit the usefulness of previous mapping when applied to inversion-based ice sheet reconstructions, which have specific input data demands. Recently, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) DEMs have become increasingly available throughout Alberta. Hill-shaded imagery of these data provides unprecedented geomorphic detail beneath the forest cover and reveals that that the glacial geomorphology of northern and western Alberta is more complex than previously recognized. In this paper, we describe the methodology and geomorphic criteria used to produce a glacial landform map of Alberta using previously published data, supplemented by comprehensive new analysis of high-resolution (2–25 m) DEMs. These include 306 624 km2 of LiDAR imagery, with which it is now possible to verify and where necessary augment previous mapping, particularly across areas with a dense forest cover.
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Li, Yanan. "Glacier Changes and Their Linkage to the Climate-Topographic Context in the Borohoro Mountains, Tian Shan 1977–2018." Water 12, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051502.
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Against the backdrop of climate change and socio-ecological sustainability, studying glacier changes provides essential knowledge to the basic water needs and security for regions and populations under such threats, such as Central Asia. Little attention has focused on glaciers in the northern periphery of the Chinese Tian Shan. This study aims to map a recent glacier inventory and examine the glacier area shrinkage and surface elevation change for the central massif of the Borohoro Mountains in the past 41 years. Using declassified Hexagon images (1977), Landsat 5 TM (1994 and 2007), Sentinel 2A (2018) and altimetry data from the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) over 2003–2009 with the 30-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model, multi-temporal glacier fluctuations and the influence of topographic and climatic factors were investigated. Results show that the glacier area decreased from 287.5 ± 8.2 km2 in 1977 to 215.8 ± 4.1 km2 in 2018, at a rate of 0.61 ± 0.01% year−1. Glacier disintegration has led to a gradual increase in the number of glaciers and reached 224 glaciers in 2018. The shrinkage was at the highest rate during the 1994–2007 period and the smallest during 1977–1994. Glacier size, hypsometry, and median, maximum, and range of elevation are the most significantly correlated parameters with the relative area change. The surface elevation changes from two of the largest glaciers revealed a stronger thinning on the southern slope compared to the northern slope. These observations of glacier loss are primarily driven by the marked warming trend since the 1970s and confirmed with the overall pattern of glacier retreat in the Tian Shan from previous studies.
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Tosi, L., E. E. Kruse, F. Braga, E. S. Carol, S. C. Carretero, J. L. Pousa, F. Rizzetto, and P. Teatini. "Hydro-morphologic setting of the Samborombón Bay (Argentina) at the end of the 21st century." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-523-2013.
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Abstract. We report on the hydrologic and morphologic setting of the Samborombón Bay, Argentina, which is expected at the end of the 21st century as a consequence of possible scenarios of relative sea level rise (RSLR). The geomorphological analysis of the Samborombón coastland points out only minor changes occurred over the last 40 yr. The modifications are mainly related to the construction of canals to enhance the floodplain drainage. A digital elevation model (DEM) obtained by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data archive, ad hoc calibrated/validated for the study area, highlights that about 3000 km2 of coastal plain present a morphological setting at high risk of sea flooding. The analysis of sea level and storm surge events recorded from 1905 to 2010 in Buenos Aires provides the RSLR rate and the return period of extreme floods. In addition, vertical land movements (VLM) measured by the permanent GPS stations of Buenos Aires and La Plata allow for the quantification of the eustatic component of the RSLR and estimating a plausible RSLR rate in the Samborombón Bay. Taking into account possible RSLR scenarios at the end of 2100 as resulting from the statistical analysis of (i) tide gauge and GPS time series and (ii) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions, the potential effect of the increased sea level on the Samborombón coastland is simulated. The results show that the combined rise of sea levels, surficial waters and groundwater will lead to a new morpho-hydrologic setting of the coastal area, especially in the low-lying southern sector. Here, a coastline retreat up to 40 km is expected, with temporary submersion up to 4000 km2 during storm surges.
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Salmi-Niklander, Kirsti. "Adventurers, Flâneurs, and Agitators: Travel Stories as Means for Marking and Transgressing Boundaries in 19th and Early 20th Century Finland." Culture Unbound 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 1145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.14611145.
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The article focuses on border crossings in travel stories, which were published in hand-written newspapers in 19th- and early 20th-century Finland. These papers were a popular tradition in student organizations and popular movements. Border crossings appear in travel stories in three different representations. Firstly, border crossings are repeated motifs in travel stories, both as challenging events and as small gestures and encounters. Travel stories demarcate boundaries, but they also provide a means for transgressing them. Secondly, hand-written newspapers as a literary practice highlight borders between oral and written communication. They were produced as one single manuscript copy, and published by being read out aloud in social events. Thirdly, the authors of hand-written newspapers were placed on the border of different positions in society such as class, gender and age. My analysis is based on the methodological discussion of small stories and personal experience narratives; travel stories can be defined as “local event narratives”. I have outlined four basic models for travel stories which emerge from hand-written newspapers: the great mission story, the grand tour story, the flâneur story and the retreat story. The analysis of travel stories is presented through four different case studies with a time range from the 1850s to the 1920s: these materials have been produced in two provincial student fraternities (osakunta), in the temperance society “Star” in Helsinki in the 1890s, and in the Social Democratic Youth Club in the small industrial town of Karkkila in the 1910s and the 1920s. Many parallel features can be observed in travel stories, even though the social background and ideology of the authors are quite different. Time and space are important aspects in travel stories, and they often demarcate boundaries of class and gender.
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DJELAILI, AHMED. "A NEW READING OF HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS ABOUT THE RULE OF THE BARBARIAN QUEEN (ELKAHINA) AND HER RESISTANCE TO THE ISLAMIC ARMY OF CONQUEST LED BY HASSAN IBN AL-NUMAN (39-74 A.H./658-693 CE)." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.4-2.1.
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The article tries to study the historical texts that dealt with the character of the barbarian Queen Tahia, known as the priestess, which sparked widespread controversy during the Islamic conquest, how did she reach the ruling? And the reasons for fighting the army of Hassan bin Nu'man? And its sabotage of the countries of the Maghreb by pursuing a policy of scorched earth? The problem of the number of the Queen’s children, who are three for some, and for the others two? And their fate in the end, did they convert to Islam or were they killed in battle? And the issue of adopting a son and his brotherhood with her children? After going back to the most important sources and examining the historical texts that dealt with the subject and comparing them with each other, I concluded that: Most of those stories about Queen Tehya are closer to superstition than to historical truth, and were recorded after about a century and a half of the historical incidents, and that their owners were not honest and objective Scientific, they drew their information about people who did not live with the event but transmitted it orally, and the purpose of their stories was to try to polish the image of the conquering Umayyad army and reduce the resistance of the Moroccan queen, especially as she managed to inflict heavy losses on Hassan’s army and forced him to retreat to Cyrenaica, Libya. More importantly, the latter did not bother to send reassuring messages to the queen explaining to her the noble mission that he came for, which is spreading Islam in the countries of the Maghreb, and then resistance to Hassan's death was not a rejection of the Islamic religion as much as it was in defense of the land and the homeland.
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Shalamov, V. A. "The American Red Cross Activity in Eastern Siberia during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920)." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 1 (2021): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.104.
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In mid-1918, the Siberian Commission of the American Red Cross was formed, headed by an American missionary doctor who worked in Japan, Rudolf Teusler. After Admiral Kolchak came to power, the Siberian Commission concluded an agreement to expand the scope of its activities, supply volumes, and payments. The main focus was on the front, which made the Red Cross akin to a White Army supply service, which was contrary to the principles of this organization. Americans drew attention to Eastern Siberia only in the summer of 1919, when Kolchak’s army retreated, and the incidence of typhus was rapidly growing in the rear regions. Two hospitals operated by the staff of the American Red Cross were opened in Irkutsk and Verkhneudinsk; gifts were distributed periodically in the form of first-aid items. At the end of 1919, in connection with the approach of the front line to Eastern Siberia, the Americans left the region, transferring medical facilities and supplies of medicines to local authorities. In early 1920, the Siberian Commission was given the opportunity to establish contacts with the Bolshevik authorities, which controlled territories west of Lake Baikal. Members of the commission began to prepare for a new humanitarian mission that would allow for the settlement of Soviet-American relations, return to the original tasks of the Red Cross, and help thousands of needy Siberians and refugees. However, the headquarters of the American Red Cross refused to authorize this activity and by mid-1920 evacuated the remaining personnel and cargo.
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Sherwin, T. J., D. Aleynik, E. Dumont, and M. E. Inall. "Deep drivers of mesoscale circulation in the central Rockall Trough." Ocean Science 11, no. 3 (May 12, 2015): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-343-2015.
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Abstract. Mesoscale variability in the central Rockall Trough, immediately west of the British Isles, has been investigated using a combination of ship-borne, underwater glider and gridded satellite altimeter measurements. Altimeter observations show that eddies and large-scale circulation cells are ubiquitous phenomena. They have horizontal length scales of order 100 km with vertical scales of over 1000 m and are associated with mean current speeds (over the upper 1000 m) of 15 ± 7 cm s−1. Monthly area averaged surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) has substantial inter-annual variability, which at times can dominate a mean seasonal signal that varies from a maximum in May (74 cm2 s−2) to a minimum in October (52 cm2 s−2) and has increased gradually since 1992 at about 1.1 cm2 s−2 per year. This increase may be related to the retreat of the sub-polar gyre (SPG). A 5 month glider mission in the trough showed that the cyclonic component of EKE came from cold water features that are located over 1000 m below the surface. The surface currents from altimeters had similar magnitude to the drift currents averaged over 1000 m from the glider in the stratified autumn, but were half the deep water speed during late winter. Although the mesoscale features move in an apparent random manner, they seem to be constrained by submarine topography such as seamounts. Occasionally anti-cyclonic and cyclonic cells combine to cause a coherent westward deflection of the European slope current that warms the Rockall side of the trough. Such deflections contribute to the inter-annual variability in the observed temperature and salinity that are monitored in the upper 800 m of the trough. By combining glider and altimeter measurements it is shown that altimeter measurements fail to observe a 15 cm s−1 northward flowing slope current on the eastern side as well as a small persistent southward current on the western side. There is much to be gained from the synergy between satellite altimetry and in situ glider observations.
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Zou, Fang, Robert Tenzer, and Shuanggen Jin. "Water Storage Variations in Tibet from GRACE, ICESat, and Hydrological Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091103.
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The monitoring of water storage variations is essential not only for the management of water resources, but also for a better understanding of the impact of climate change on hydrological cycle, particularly in Tibet. In this study, we estimated and analyzed changes of the total water budget on the Tibetan Plateau from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission over 15 years prior to 2017. To suppress overall leakage effect of GRACE monthly solutions in Tibet, we applied a forward modeling technique to reconstruct hydrological signals from GRACE data. The results reveal a considerable decrease in the total water budget at an average annual rate of −6.22 ± 1.74 Gt during the period from August 2002 to December 2016. In addition to the secular trend, seasonal variations controlled mainly by annual changes in precipitation were detected, with maxima in September and minima in December. A rising temperature on the plateau is likely a principal factor causing a continuous decline of the total water budget attributed to increase melting of mountain glaciers, permafrost, and snow cover. We also demonstrate that a substantial decrease in the total water budget due to melting of mountain glaciers was partially moderated by the increasing water storage of lakes. This is evident from results of ICESat data for selected major lakes and glaciers. The ICESat results confirm a substantial retreat of mountain glaciers and an increasing trend of major lakes. An increasing volume of lakes is mainly due to an inflow of the meltwater from glaciers and precipitation. Our estimates of the total water budget on the Tibetan Plateau are affected by a hydrological signal from neighboring regions. Probably the most significant are aliasing signals due to ground water depletion in Northwest India and decreasing precipitation in the Eastern Himalayas. Nevertheless, an integral downtrend in the total water budget on the Tibetan Plateau caused by melting of glaciers prevails over the investigated period.
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Bouquety, A., L. Jorda, O. Groussin, A. Sejourné, S. Bouley, and F. Costard. "Ancient and present surface evolution processes in the Ash region of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140516.
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Aims. The Rosetta mission provided us with detailed data of the surface of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. In order to better understand the physical processes associated with the comet activity and the surface evolution of its nucleus, we performed a detailed comparative morphometrical analysis of two depressions located in the Ash region. Methods. To detect morphological temporal changes, we compared pre- and post-perihelion high-resolution (pixel scale of 0.07–1.75 m) OSIRIS images of the two depressions. We quantified the changes using the dynamic heights and the gravitational slopes calculated from the digital terrain model of the studied area. In particular, we measured seven geometric parameters associated with the two depressions (length, three width values, height, area, and volume) using the ArcGIS software before and after perihelion. Results. Our comparative morphometrical analysis allowed us to detect and quantify the temporal changes that occurred in two depressions of the Ash region during the last perihelion passage. We find that the two depressions grew by several meters. The area of the smallest depression (structure I) increased by 90 ± 20%, with two preferential growths: one close to the cliff associated with the apparition of new boulders at its foot, and a second one on the opposite side of the cliff. The largest depression (structure II) grew in all directions, increasing in area by 20 ± 5%, and no new deposits have been detected. We interpreted these two depression changes as being driven by the sublimation of ices, which explains their global growth and which can also trigger landslides. The deposits associated with depression II reveal a stair-like topography, indicating that they have accumulated during several successive landslides from different perihelion passages. Overall, these observations bring additional evidence of complex active processes and reshaping events occurring on short timescales (months to years), such as depression growth and landslides, and on longer timescales (decades to millenniums), such as cliff retreat.
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Woodside, Rachel, Gary Rosenthal, and Claudia Olivier. "90232 Implementing the innovative academic Learning Health System Scholars (aLHSS) Postdoctoral Training Program (TL1) at Wake Forest University Health Sciences (WFUHS)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.739.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Learning Health System (LHS) Science that trains postdoctoral scholars from diverse professional backgrounds in methodological and professional skills to implement rigorous research in health care systems and populations, and to disseminate the findings of such research to improve healthcare delivery OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The WFUHS CTSA developed an innovative TL1 in Learning Health System (LHS) Science that trains postdoctoral scholars from diverse professional backgrounds in methodological and professional skills to implement rigorous research in health care systems and populations, and to disseminate the findings of such research to improve healthcare delivery METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Training is centered around formal LHS science coursework and mentored research projects that address a pressing health system issue. Projects are closely guided by a primary mentor and a multidisciplinary mentoring team. Program mission and competencies were carefully evaluated in a competency-course matrix to design new courses for the LHS Certificate and MS program in Translational and Health System Science (THSS). Course domains include biomedical informatics; improvement and implementation science; system science and organizational change management; stakeholder engagement, leadership, and research management; ethics of health systems research; and health systems research methods. Scholars set up Individual Development Plans (IDP) and self-assess 7 domains of LHS core competencies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The first professionally diverse group of scholars (MD, PhD, DrPH, PharmD) began the program in Summer 2020; onboarding was conducted virtually. Scholars currently conduct most of their research and training in a virtual, synchronous format. Each developed a detailed IDP and LHS research project, which was reviewed by their LHS mentoring teams (includes a primary mentor, co-mentor, TL1 core faculty mentor, peer mentor, and health system mentor). Coursework, leading to a 1-year certificate or 2-year MS degree, was selected based on individual background and career goals and was begun in August 2020. In addition to the courses noted above, Scholars are embedded in a healthcare improvement team. We use the process of a LHS and hold weekly TL1 leadership meetings to swiftly address challenges and implement improvements DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We envision that TL1 Scholars will build independent LHS research programs or lead health system innovation. Program evaluation includes assessments of Scholar fluency in LHS competencies and attainment of key milestones during and after training. Annual TL1 faculty retreats will address program fidelity and implementation of program refinements
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Abdel Jaber, Wael, Helmut Rott, Dana Floricioiu, Jan Wuite, and Nuno Miranda. "Heterogeneous spatial and temporal pattern of surface elevation change and mass balance of the Patagonian ice fields between 2000 and 2016." Cryosphere 13, no. 9 (September 27, 2019): 2511–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2511-2019.
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Abstract. The northern and southern Patagonian ice fields (NPI and SPI) have been subject to accelerated retreat during the last decades, with considerable variability in magnitude and timing among individual glaciers. We derive spatially detailed maps of surface elevation change (SEC) of NPI and SPI from bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) for two epochs, 2000–2012 and 2012–2016, and provide data on changes in surface elevation and ice volume for the individual glaciers and the ice fields at large. We apply advanced TanDEM-X processing techniques allowing us to cover 90 % and 95 % of the area of NPI and 97 % and 98 % of SPI for the two epochs, respectively. Particular attention is paid to precisely co-registering the digital elevation models (DEMs), accounting for possible effects of radar signal penetration through backscatter analysis and correcting for seasonality biases in case of deviations in repeat DEM coverage from full annual time spans. The results show a different temporal trend between the two ice fields and reveal a heterogeneous spatial pattern of SEC and mass balance caused by different sensitivities with respect to direct climatic forcing and ice flow dynamics of individual glaciers. The estimated volume change rates for NPI are -4.26±0.20 km3 a−1 for epoch 1 and -5.60±0.74 km3 a−1 for epoch 2, while for SPI these are -14.87±0.52 km3 a−1 for epoch 1 and -11.86±1.99 km3 a−1 for epoch 2. This corresponds for both ice fields to an eustatic sea level rise of 0.048±0.002 mm a−1 for epoch 1 and 0.043±0.005 mm a−1 for epoch 2. On SPI the spatial pattern of surface elevation change is more complex than on NPI and the temporal trend is less uniform. On terminus sections of the main calving glaciers of SPI, temporal variations in flow velocities are a main factor for differences in SEC between the two epochs. Striking differences are observed even on adjoining glaciers, such as Upsala Glacier, with decreasing mass losses associated with slowdown of flow velocity, contrasting with acceleration and increase in mass losses on Viedma Glacier.
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TYMCHENKO, Roman. "DIPLOMATS OF UNR AND ZUNR AT THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE." Contemporary era 6 (2018): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2018-6-105-118.
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In January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference began for the establishment of the world post-war order and solution of territorial conflicts and new national borders. Ukrainians, having proclaimed an independent state, hoped for the legal recognition. The negative attitude of the Entente states to Ukraine aggravated this situation, as well as the retreat of the UNR and ZUNR armies under the pressure of Bolshevik on the east and Polish troops on the west, that were not allies. These states wanted to establish their political domination on the Ukrainian lands. The necessity of the international recognition of the Ukrainian state had required the leadership of the UNR and ZUNR to pursue a common foreign policy. The Ukrainian delegation arrived in Paris very late and without an official invitation. The author determined that united Ukraine was represented by diplomats of different political orientations whose professional background did not suit the level of the tasks of the Peace Conference. A large number of members of the delegation have complicated the situation of Ukrainians at the conference because of different political and ideological positions. The case of Western Ukraine was on the agenda almost all the time, and united Ukraine was mentioned only sporadically. Therefore, the Galicians, hoping for the implementation of the principles of the Woodrow Wilson points, tried to act separately from the joint Ukrainian delegation. They issued their own papers and appeals, which often contradicted the statements of the joint Ukrainian mission. Eventually, the internal confrontation led to a split of the joint Ukrainian delegation, and in December 1919, Galician representatives Vasyl Paneiko and Stepan Tomashivsky dismissed from the joint delegation. As a result, the delegation did not fulfill the task: The Entente had never recognized the sovereignty of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The pessimistic attitude towards the Ukrainians of the Entente states, the domestic split of the Parisian delegation, and the inability to clearly represent “the Ukrainian issue” did not bring the success. Despite this, Ukrainians denied part of Entente’s stereotypes and were able to outline some issues, especially concerning Eastern Galicia. Keywords Paris Peace Conference, Ukrainian People's Republic, West Ukrainian People's Republic, Eastern Galicia, diplomacy.
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Karagu, A., A. Ng'ang'a, J. Kibachio, and P. Gichangi. "Developing a National Cancer Control Plan Through Effective Partnerships: A Case of Kenya National Cancer Control Strategy 2017-2022." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 160s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.26900.
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Background and context: A National Cancer Control Strategy (NCCS) provides a strategic framework that guides the systematic approach toward cancer prevention and control based on the existing cancer burden, risk factor prevalence and available resources. Though Kenya developed her first Kenya National Cancer Control Strategy in 2011, its implementation was characterized with various shortcomings. Aim: The Kenyan Ministry of Health set out to develop the second edition of the National Cancer Control Strategy with a focus on greater partnerships, evidence-based interventions and shared accountability of roles informed by lessons learnt from the NCCS 2011-2016. Strategy/Tactics: The Head of the National Cancer Control Program at the Ministry of Health was identified as the National Coordinator to lead the process and keep each stakeholder on track. A clear road map for developing the strategic plan was drawn with specific timelines. The process was further aligned to the Ministry of Health performance contracting system, a mechanism under the Government's public sector reforms aimed at improving performance. Program/Policy process: The Ministry hosted an integrated mission of Program for Action on Cancer Therapy (imPACT) coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency in August 2016 that reviewed the implementation of the NCCS 2011-2016. Following submission of the final imPACT report to the Ministry in November 2016, a steering committee led by the National Coordinator was established in December 2016. An initial one-day stakeholder meeting held in January 2017 developed consensus on the general outline of the document. Two multistakeholder retreats were held between March and April to develop the content for the strategy with an intervening review meeting to further refine the draft which was submitted to a set of 3 external reviewers. A final stakeholder validation meeting was held in May 2017 followed by proofreading and printing of the document. The process culminated with a national launch of the second National Cancer Control Strategy held in July 2017. Outcomes: A National Cancer Control Plan covering the entire continuum of care with interventions around 5 key pillars: prevention, screening and early detection; diagnosis and registration; treatment, palliative care and survivorship; coordination, partnerships and financing; monitoring, evaluation and research. The document was developed and launched in a record 6 months and contains an elaborate implementation matrix with clear indicators. What was learned: It is important to identify a focal person to steer the NCCS development process guided by a clear road map with specific timelines. A well-coordinated multisectoral partnership is crucial to developing such a comprehensive document.
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Stonitsch, John R., and Paul M. Markowski. "Unusually Long Duration, Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Front in a Convective Boundary Layer." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3261.1.
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Abstract Dual-Doppler observations acquired by a network of mobile radars deployed in the Oklahoma panhandle on 3 June 2002 are used to document the kinematic structure and evolution of a front. The data were collected during the International H2O Project on a mission to study the initiation of deep convection. Synchronized scanning allowed for the synthesis of three-dimensional wind fields for nearly 5.5 h of the 1557–0000 UTC period. The front initially moved southward as a cold front, stalled, and later retreated northward as a warm front. Deep convection failed to be initiated along the front. In situ thermodynamic measurements obtained by a mobile mesonet were used to document changes in the density gradient at the surface. This paper examines the relationships among the changes in baroclinity, the thermally direct frontal circulation, updraft intensity, alongfront updraft variability, and the intensity of vortices along the front. Increases in the front-normal density gradient tended to be associated with increases in the thermally direct frontal circulation, as expected. Increases in the front-normal density gradient were also associated with an increase in the tilt of the frontal updraft as well as an increase in the contiguity of the updraft along the front, termed the “slabularity.” During periods when the front-normal density gradient and associated thermally direct frontal circulation were weak, the kinematic fields were dominated by boundary layer convection and the slabularity of the front was reduced. Intensification of the front-normal density gradient was accompanied by an increase in the horizontal wind shear and the intensity of vortices that were observed along the front. The vortices modulated the vertical velocity field along the front and therefore the slabularity, too. Thus, although the slabularity was a strong function of the strength of the thermally direct frontal circulation, the slabularity appeared to be modified by vortices in complex ways. Possible implications of the observations for convection initiation are also discussed, particularly with respect to updraft tilt and slabularity.