Journal articles: 'Missions - China - Hong Kong'

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Ho, Mary, and Rudolf Mak. "The Uniqueness of the Chinese Mission Movement—Past, Present, and Future." International Bulletin of Mission Research 46, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969393211026444.

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Using the World Christian Encyclopedia, 3rd edition ( WCE-3) as the springboard, this article explores the uniqueness of the Chinese missions movement from China, not including the overseas Chinese diaspora or Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. First, we provide an overview, context, and backdrop of the Chinese missions movement. Second, we compare and contrast China’s missions sending with that of (1) the United States/United Kingdom and (2) Brazil. We then highlight the unique characteristics of the Chinese missions movement and conclude with a future outlook.

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Liu, Xinyu. "A Probe in the Language Features of Fruit Chan's Films from the Perspective of Audio-visual Characteristics: Taking the Trilogy on Hong Kong's Return to China as an Example." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 15 (March 13, 2022): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v15i.380.

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After the territory of Hong Kong formally returned in 1997 to its rightful owner of China, Fruit Chan (Chen Guo), a director, rose to fame with his trilogy on HK's return (namely Little Cheung, Made in Hong Kong, and The Longest Summer). Since then, he has successively made many films reflecting humans' real living status. Most of Hong Kong-made films in the past were standardized and industrialized, such as comedies and action films which are familiar to us, while there were few realistic films that could indeed depict and present the social changes to the public. Therefore, films like Fruit Chan's, which demonstrates tragic and profound ideas, are extremely rare and valuable in Hong Kong's film industry. Although Chan has not produced many works, all of them are endowed with realistic hue, aesthetic characteristics, and profound humanistic thoughts, which makes his films monuments of Hong Kong's realistic ones. It is easy to find sense of mission and sentimental feelings in his films, enabling us to better see how Hong Kong films move forward in the direction of visual transmission after Hong Kong’s return to China from multiplex angles of view.

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Amstutz, John L. "Foursquare Missions: Doing More With Less." Pneuma 16, no. 1 (1994): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007494x00067.

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Abstract"Around the world with the Foursquare Gospel." With these words Aimee Semple McPherson focused the mission and message of the denomination her ministry spawned. The mission of world evangelization was birthed in the heart of this Canadian woman as a teenager. In 1910 at age 20, she, with her husband Robert Semple, went to China as missionaries. After less than a year of ministry Robert died of malaria and was buried in Hong Kong. Heartbroken, Aimee returned to the U.S., but her vision for world missions remained. God's people must be challenged with a vision for the lost, a vision for reaching those yet unreached. The vision was clear. And the message was equally clear. It was a message about Jesus Christ. This message was dramatically focused for Mrs. McPherson during a citywide evangelistic meeting in Oakland, California in 1922 as she was preaching from Ezekiel 1:10. In the faces of the four living creatures she saw a fourfold picture of Jesus Christ as Savior, Baptizer with the Holy Spirit, Healer and Coming King. This "Foursquare Gospel" was the good news that must be proclaimed around the world1

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Cai, Ellen Xiang-Yu. "The Itinerant Preaching of Three Hoklo Evangelists in Mid-Nineteenth Century Hong Kong." Itinerario 33, no. 3 (November 2009): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300016284.

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Karl Gützlaff set up the Chinese Union in 1844, which was a missionary society based on the principle that China's millions could never be converted to Christianity by foreign missionaries: Chinese Christians themselves must carry out the evangelisation of the empire while Western missionaries would serve as instructors and supervisors. Ever since the founding of the Chinese Union, the effectiveness of this evangelistic methodology has given rise to heated debates among contemporary missionaries and subsequent generations of Christian mission historians. Both Jessie G. Lutz and Wu Yixiong discussed the employment of this evangelistic methodology from the perspective of foreign missionaries, such as Gützlaff's evangelistic thought, the founding and development of the Chinese Union, and its crisis. By making use of more substantial mission archives, Jessie G. Lutz's research is more detailed; she even included Gützlaff's European tour from 1849 to 1850. It was Gützlaff's absence from Hong Kong that gave the other missionaries, such as Theodor Hamberg (1819-54) of the Basel Mission, Gützlaff's co-worker, the opportunity to investigate the function of the Chinese Union, and which eventually caused the dissolution of the Chinese Union during 1852 to 1853. How Gützlaff came to the idea of utilising native agency to evangelise the Chinese and how he managed to maintain his enterprise are quite clear. Although it did not come to a respectable result in his time, this idea of “self-propagation” was inherited by the missionaries who were sent to China by the other missions. Yet how did the Chinese evangelists carry out the evangelistic work independent from the missionaries? This is a question Jessie G. Lutz focused on for years.

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Chou, Grace Ai-Ling. "Cultural Education as Containment of Communism: The Ambivalent Position of American NGOs in Hong Kong in the 1950s." Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 2 (April 2010): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2010.12.2.3.

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This article discusses the ambivalent role of U.S. non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in shaping Hong Kong's institutions of higher education in the 1950s. Cold War concerns about Communist expansion induced the NGOs to pursue ideological goals that were not part of their main mission, even as they continued policy directions that superseded and sometimes unintentionally counteracted Cold War thinking and strategies. Hong Kong, as a site important but marginal to both China and Britain, had strategic value in the Cold War and as such impelled many different forces to contest it. By examining how U.S. NGO educational work in Hong Kong both reinforced and destabilized Cold War ideology, one gains a clearer picture not only of Hong Kong's cultural significance in Cold War politics but also the ambiguity of Cold War intellectual paradigms of culture and education.

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Maynard, Donald N. "668 The ASHS/People-To-People Mission to China." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 513E—514. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.513e.

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The Citizen Ambassador Program was initiated in 1956 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower founded “People to People.” His vast perspective as a military and governmental leader led him to believe that individual citizens reaching out in friendship to the people of other nations could make a significant contribution to world understanding. From 14–28 Aug. 1998, ASHS took part in the “People-to People Mission to China.” Our delegation was composed of six ASHS Members and two guests. Delegates were from Canada and Brazil and the United States. After meeting in Los Angeles for a final briefing, the delegation departed for Hong Kong, where we immediately boarded a flight to Beijing. Our China experience began in Beijing, then on to Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. All of these locations are in the densely populated eastern portion of China. (China has approximately the same area as the United States, but it has 1.25 billion people compared to only 270 million in the U.S.) Our time at each location was about equally divided between professional and cultural activities. Our Chinese horticultural colleagues were enthusiastic and well-trained. As in the United States, the quality of the facilities and the equipment varied somewhat among locations. Operating funds, never sufficient for research and maintenance of facilities, commonly were supplemented by sale of horticultural products.

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Yung, Tim. "Visions and Realities in Hong Kong Anglican Mission Schools, 1849–1941." Studies in Church History 57 (May 21, 2021): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2021.13.

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This article explores the tension between missionary hopes for mass conversion through Christian education and the reality of operating mission schools in one colonial context: Hong Kong. Riding on the wave of British imperial expansion, George Smith, the first bishop of the diocese of Victoria, had a vision for mission schooling in colonial Hong Kong. In 1851, Smith established St Paul's College as an Anglo-Chinese missionary institution to educate, equip and send out Chinese young people who would subsequently participate in mission work before evangelizing the whole of China. However, Smith's vision failed to take institutional form as the college encountered operational difficulties and graduates opted for more lucrative employment instead of church work. Moreover, the colonial government moved from a laissez-faire to a more hands-on approach in supervising schools. The bishops of Victoria were compelled to reshape their schools towards more sustainable institutional forms while making compromises regarding their vision for Christian education.

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Wong, Koon Lin, and Ming Ming Chiu. "Perceived school and media influences on civic/citizenship education: Views of secondary school principals and teachers in Hong Kong." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00101_1.

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This article investigates types of citizenship education in selected schools in Hong Kong with different overarching affiliations (pro-China vs. pro-democracy). After examining schools’ policies (e.g., sister school of China school), we selected four pro-China and two pro-democracy schools. As a highly diverse society, citizenship education in Hong Kong is key to the formation of a ‘good citizen’. To better understand what a ‘good citizen’ means in this context, we interviewed ten teachers, four principals and four vice-principals at six secondary schools. We focused our interviews on key themes around citizenship, schools influence and media influence. These interviews showed that laissez-faire school staff reported acting as facilitators who emphasized knowledge, social concerns and norms of ‘good citizens’ to their students. Mediate diversity staff reported helping students integrate different perspectives. School mission staff reported supporting student engagement via citizen responsibilities and political processes; while pro-China schools emphasized a national China identity, pro-democracy schools emphasized an international view. Staff from all of these schools reported that media negatively influenced students’ values and perspectives. To reduce students’ confirmation bias (only seeking evidence to support the pre-existing views), teachers in all schools taught critical thinking skills and media literacy. The data showed that understanding how schools can nurture student-citizens amid teachers’ concerns around negative media influence can help inform instruction and policies in schools regardless of their affiliation.

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Ellis, James. "Anglican Indigenization and Contextualization in Colonial Hong Kong: Comparative Case Studies of St. John’s Cathedral and St. Mary’s Church." Mission Studies 36, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341650.

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Abstract The British Empire expanded into East Asia during the early years of the Protestant Mission Movement in China, one of history’s greatest cross-cultural encounters. Anglicans, however, did not accommodate local Chinese culture when they built St. John’s Cathedral in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. St. John’s had a prototypical English style and was a gathering place for the colony’s political and social elites, strengthening the new social order. The Cathedral spoke a Western architectural language that local residents could not understand and many saw Christianity as a strange, imposing, foreign religion. As indigenous Chinese Christians assumed leadership of Hong Kong’s Anglican Church, ecclesial architecture took on more Chinese elements, a transition epitomized by St. Mary’s Church, a Chinese Renaissance masterpiece featuring symbols from Taoism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religions. This essay analyzes the contextualization of Hong Kong’s Anglican architecture, which made Christian concepts more relevant to the indigenous community.

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Karki, Dhruba. "Blending Myth and Modernity in the Global Chinese Cinema: The Hong Kong Action Hero in Zhang Yimou-Directed Hero." Tribhuvan University Journal 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i2.24702.

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Zhang Yimou’s Hero presents an action hero, yet in a slightly different cinematic mode than that of Stephen Chow-directed Shaolin Soccer to blend myth and modernity. In Yimou’s martial arts cinema, Jet Li-starred Nameless hero uses martial arts to combat the king’s adversaries, including Donnie Yen-starred Long Sky, Maggie Cheung-starred Flying Snow and Tony Leung Chiu-Wai-starred Broken Sword in the service to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 207 BC). The warrior hero’s indigenous body art helps the Qin Dynasty transform the smaller warring kingdoms into a powerful Chinese Empire, a strong foundation of modern China with economic and military superpower. Like their western counterparts, including T1000 and Neo, the Hong Kong action heroes, such as the warrior hero and the Qin King have been refashioned in the Hollywood controlled twentieth-century popular culture. Different from their Hollywood counterparts in actions, the Hong Kong action heroes in Hero primarily use their trained bodies and martial skills to promote the Chinese civilization, an adaptation of the Hollywood tradition of technologized machine body. Reworking of myth and archetype in Nameless’s service to the Qin Dynasty and the emperor’s mission to incept the Chinese Empire, the Hong Kong action heroes appear on screen, a blend of tradition and modernity. The film industry’s projection of the Chinese history with the legendary action heroes, including Nameless soldier and the Qin King globalizes the indigenous Chinese culture by using modern electronic digital technology, a resonance of the western technological advancement.

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Saavedra, Martha. "Representations of Africa in a Hong Kong Soap Opera: The Limits of Enlightened Humanitarianism in The Last Breakthrough." China Quarterly 199 (September 2009): 760–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741009990191.

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AbstractSeveral studies have looked at “Africa” in the Western imagery, and explored how it is constructed for Americans through popular media. This article offers a preliminary query into whether Chinese popular media functions in a similar way by examining a 2004 Hong Kong-produced soap opera that uses a medical humanitarian mission in Kenya to advance its plot and central themes. While many tropes regarding Africa found in Western media are repeated, there is a conscious effort in this production to embody a more enlightened approach. Nevertheless, the core relationship is marked by humanitarianism, and necessarily one embodying unequal power relations. The soap opera thus avoids critical questions of development, globalization or even post-colonial solidarity, and instead rests more on older, safer paradigms of modernization. Still, an analysis of the drama reveals contradictions and unresolved tensions in which the relationship with Africa parallels Hong Kong's relationship with mainland China. This study posits that popular culture can offer unique insights into understanding dynamics affecting the evolving relationship between China and Africa.

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Yao, Mai, and Chuanchen Bi. "Research on the Development Path of Tourism in Hengqin Island." Technium Social Sciences Journal 37 (November 9, 2022): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7675.

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The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area relies on the basis of the joint development of the three places. It also reflects the new trend of diversified and integrated development. The goal of constructing a world-class tourism destination also becomes the guiding board of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's construction. In this regard, Hengqin not only bears the responsibility of constructing a typical city that is suitable for living, working and sightseeing, but also owns a demonstrative significance for constructing a vital city cluster with international competitiveness and high-quality development. In the meantime, Hengqin is one of the first batch of free trade areas in China, as well as China's third international leisure tourism island and the national all-for-one tourism demonstrative area, undertaking the important mission of the interactive development of Macao's tourism industry. This paper will adopt the methods of investigation, literature research, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and rely on two policies of "Hengqin-Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Area" and "the Belt and Road" that jointly establish the tourism cooperation of the district and the country to study the development path of tourism in Hengqin.

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Kua, Paul. "Prémare’s Notitia Linguæ Sinicæ, 1728-1893: the Journey of a Language Textbook." East Asian Publishing and Society 10, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 159–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341343.

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Abstract This article retells the story of a Chinese language textbook, the Notitia linguæ sinicæ, written by a Catholic missionary in China for the use of Catholic missionaries to that country, and eventually printed by a Catholic mission press in China for the same purpose. It would have been a simple and short tale, if not for the fact that this many-faceted journey took one-hundred-and-sixty-five years to complete, involved crossing and re-crossing the two leading Christian traditions of Catholicism and Protestantism, took the work across great distances from Canton to Paris, London, Malacca, back to Canton and then to Hong Kong, and required the use of the Chinese language, both its higher form and the more day-to-day version, but also of Latin and English.

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NG, Patrick. "Guangzhou 2010 Asian Para Games: The Preparation, Performance, Evaluation and Recommendations of The Hong Kong, China Delegation." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.181864.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The Guangzhou 2010 Asian Para Games was hosted between 12-19 December 2010 in Guangzhou. It was the first major para-international sporting event after the successful organization of the 2008 Beijing Paralympics. The writer, as the Chef de Mission, with the feeling of “Thank you & Appreciation” and the perspective of both management and technicality, depicted comprehensively the preparation, performance, evaluation and recommendations of the Hong Kong, China Delegation. It is hoped that personnel of both the Hong Kong Paralympic Committee and sports fraternity would be able to share the joy and happiness of the delegation in Guangzhou, and parts of the content could well be as reference for report writing. 「廣州2010年亞殘運會」於2010年12月12日至19日假廣州擧行，這是從2008年北京殘奧會後首個大型的殘疾人士體育盛會。本文作者以中國香港代表團團長身份，用「感謝及欣賞」的心情，並以行政管理及技術層面角度描繪代表團賽前的準備、比賽中的表現、賽後檢討及建議作一全面報告(伍澤連，2011)，並得執委會確認，願與香港殘奧會同寅及體育界友好一同分享在廣州舉辦的亞殘運會，盼望後學能借鑑有關內容，作日後撰寫報告之用。

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Franco, Rosaria. "Infant Welfare, Family Planning, and Population Policy in Hong Kong: Race, Refugees, and Religion, 1931–61." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 2 (August 20, 2018): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418785684.

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In the twentieth century Hong Kong’s population expanded dramatically. Yet, it was only after one million refugees from China settled in the 1950s that the colonial Government undertook population control. Imposing immigration restrictions was straightforward, but curbing unprecedented natural growth proved problematic. On the one side, supporting family planning risked alienating pro-life Catholic organizations, many channelling necessary relief for the refugees in an anti-communist mission for the USA. While on the other, indigenous infant welfare, which reduced infant mortality, could not be neglected further, in part because of the postwar resetting of race relations, its importance in improving public health, and the attention given to the refugee crisis by world public opinion. Hence, the paradox of an overpopulated British colony investing in infant welfare, not in family planning.

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Chen, Zhengyong, and Zhanjie Wen. "Multi-scale Analysis and Synergistic Scenario Simulation of Pollution and Carbon Reduction Efficiency in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area." Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2022.4.2.17.

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In the context of China’s “double carbon” goal, pollution and carbon reduction is a consensus. As a demonstration area and model area for China’s development, how to take the lead in realizing the synergistic improvement of pollution and carbon reduction and embark on a green and low-carbon development path with Chinese characteristics is a common concern of the scientific community and the public. However, each city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is different regarding resource endowment, energy structure, development conditions, and technical level. The efficiency, ability, and potential of pollution and carbon reduction must differ. The mission objectives, methods, and methods of promoting the “double carbon” work are also different. Only by considering it from the perspective of system collaboration can the “double carbon” work be safe and sustainable. The study proposes that we can, from the dynamic perspective of the production network and industrial transfer, integrate multi-source and multi-mode data and use a multi-scale evaluation method to analyze the multi-dimensional features and driving factors of the interaction effect of pollution and carbon reduction in GBA. The research results can help cities in GBA to understand their weak links in pollution and carbon reduction in a timely, comprehensive, and accurate manner. In addition, this study is conducive to providing decision-making reference for China to formulate regional synergistic effects.

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Alghamdi, Abdulrahman. "A Comparative Analysis to Advancing the National Cybersecurity Strategy in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jeas.2022050102.

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Cyberspace has dramatically expanded due to technological advancement. Nowadays, cyberspace is part of daily life experiences and socio-economical activities. Countries all over the world need to have their own National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSS) to be protected from cyber risks and threats. NCSS states the strength of a given country’s cybersecurity strength concerning the objectives, aims, vision, and cybersecurity mission of a country in question. Previously, many researchers have conducted studies on NCSS by contrasting the National Cybersecurity Strategy between different nations primarily for intercontinental teamwork and coordination of cybersecurity challenges globally. Purposefully, one of the main objectives is to evaluate and assess policy frameworks in various countries to combat the prevailing cyber threats. As a result, from the comparison of many policy frameworks on NCSS of many countries, it was discovered that more effort should put into National Cybersecurity of Saudi Arabia. This paper compares the cybersecurity strategy of Saudi Arabia with the NCSS of other fifteen countries such as the United States of America, Singapore, India, Japan, Malaysia, Kuwait, Canada, UK, China, Egypt, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Russia, Korea, and France. Saudi Arabia rank in cybersecurity has risen to be in the second rank in 2020. Compared to other developed countries, the results found that Saudi Arabia appears to be on the right track in ensuring the safety of its cyberspace.

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Alghamdi, Abdulrahman. "A Comparative Analysis to Advancing the National Cybersecurity Strategy in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jeas.2022050102.

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Cyberspace has dramatically expanded due to technological advancement. Nowadays, cyberspace is part of daily life experiences and socio-economical activities. Countries all over the world need to have their own National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSS) to be protected from cyber risks and threats. NCSS states the strength of a given country’s cybersecurity strength concerning the objectives, aims, vision, and cybersecurity mission of a country in question. Previously, many researchers have conducted studies on NCSS by contrasting the National Cybersecurity Strategy between different nations primarily for intercontinental teamwork and coordination of cybersecurity challenges globally. Purposefully, one of the main objectives is to evaluate and assess policy frameworks in various countries to combat the prevailing cyber threats. As a result, from the comparison of many policy frameworks on NCSS of many countries, it was discovered that more effort should put into National Cybersecurity of Saudi Arabia. This paper compares the cybersecurity strategy of Saudi Arabia with the NCSS of other fifteen countries such as the United States of America, Singapore, India, Japan, Malaysia, Kuwait, Canada, UK, China, Egypt, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Russia, Korea, and France. Saudi Arabia rank in cybersecurity has risen to be in the second rank in 2020. Compared to other developed countries, the results found that Saudi Arabia appears to be on the right track in ensuring the safety of its cyberspace.

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Tai, B. Y. T. "Hong Kong/China." International Journal of Constitutional Law 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/1.1.147.

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Overholt, William H. "Hong Kong and China." Current History 84, no. 503 (September 1, 1985): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1985.84.503.256.

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Haro Navejas, Francisco Javier, and Romer Cornejo Bustamante. "China y Hong Kong." Anuario Asia Pacífico el Colegio de México, no. 19 (January 1, 2020): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/aap.2020.303.

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Para China, 2019 ha representado un periodo importante para repensar sus perspectivas. En el ámbito político, en la primavera de 2018, la decisión de la Asamblea Popular Nacional (APN) de hacer indefinida la reelección del presidente, así como la continuación de la lucha contra la corrupción, mantiene inquietos a algunos sectores dentro del Partido Comunista. No obstante, el presidente Xi Jinping se ha mantenido como la figura dominante de la política china y cuenta con la lealtad de la mayoría de todas las facciones del partido gobernante, el ejército y la élite empresarial. Xi ha demostrado tener una visión política clara y ha promovido ambiciosos proyectos nacionales, entre ellos, acabar con la pobreza del país en el corto plazo, además de una iniciativa internacional, como la Nueva Ruta de la Seda, que posicionaría al país como potencia mundial indiscutible en el mediano plazo, lo que a su vez ha estado acompañado de un enorme esfuerzo por mostrar una imagen benigna hacia el exterior. Quizá podamos medir la eficacia de estas medidas a través de la reacción de los Estados Unidos, que han revitalizado su campaña sobre la amenaza china, particularmente en América Latina, así como la reciente de desconfianza de los miembros de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN).

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Lui, Terry T., and Terry L. Cooper. "Hong Kong Facing China." Administration & Society 22, no. 2 (August 1990): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200201.

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Sánchez César, Miriam Laura. "Hong Kong 2018." Anuario Asia Pacífico el Colegio de México, no. 18 (January 1, 2019): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/aap.2019.288.

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Desde que Hong Kong pasó a dominio colonial británico como resultado del Tratado de Nanjing de 1842, la brecha entre China continental y la isla se hizo muy amplia, política y económicamente. En primer lugar, gran parte de la población de Hong Kong estaba constituida por chinos que huían de los conflictos en continente (Segunda Guerra Mundial y Guerra Civil China) y de la inestabilidad política y económica de las primeras décadas del régimen maoísta. En segundo lugar, aunque el gobierno colonial de Hong Kong no fue de ninguna manera democrático, garantizaba un respetable nivel de libertades civiles y de derechos humanos; no se puede decir lo mismo del sistema político en China (Wong, 2017). Además, Hong Kong ha practicado una economía de mercado con un alto nivel de internacionalización comparable con el de otros países desarrollados en términos de PIB per cápita. Todas estas diferencias han contribuido a la “crisis de confianza” surgida durante el periodo de transición que se intensificó después de 1989.

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Overholt, William H. "China and British Hong Kong." Current History 90, no. 557 (September 1, 1991): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1991.90.557.270.

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Dwyer, Denis J. "Britain, China and Hong Kong." World Futures 26, no. 2-4 (May 1989): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604027.1989.9972117.

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Haro Navejas, Francisco Javier. "China y Hong Kong, 2017." Anuario Asia Pacífico el Colegio de México, no. 17 (January 1, 2018): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/aap.2018.272.

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El número de actores chinos en escenarios internacionales es cada vez mayor y su abanico de intereses también es creciente. Durante 2017 se fortalecieron dos de sus características esenciales: primero, la mundialización, están en prácticamente todo el planeta, segundo, sus campos de acción que, alentados por sus intereses, son multidimensionales. Durante el año pasado, trataron de posicionarse como una fuerza esencial para resolver problemas. Incluso, hacen todo lo necesario para involucrarse en escenarios de dominio tradicional de los poderes surgidos en la segunda posguerra. El mejor ejemplo de ello es la propuesta de Xi Jinping, presidente de China, compuesta de cuatro puntos¹ para el conflicto entre Palestina e Israel: lograr la existencia de dos Estados basados en las fronteras de 1967 y el este de Jerusalén como capital palestina, finalizar el levantamiento de nuevos asentamientos judíos y terminar con la violencia contra los civiles, alentar la cooperación internacional para promover medidas pacíficas, promover la paz entre Israel y Palestina mediante el desarrollo y la cooperación. La propuesta, una de las primeras en materia de política exterior hechas por Xi a su llegada al poder en 2013, fue presentada el año pasado como algo bienvenido por las partes involucradas; incluso Israel aceptaría una mayor influencia de Beijing, por lo menos en la versión del enviado especial chino para la región, Gong Xiaosheng.²

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Ladwa, Russ, and Derrick Willmot. "China and Hong Kong visit." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 8 (September 1, 2010): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x523172.

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Russ Ladwa and Professor Derrick Willmot undertook a joint visit to Hong Kong and mainland China following the invitation of the Academy of General Dental Practice (AGDP) in Hong Kong in June 2010. This groundbreaking visit was the first visit in which the deans of both faculties represented dental surgery on an overseas visit.

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McLaren, Robin. "Britain, China and Hong Kong." Asian Affairs 27, no. 1 (March 1996): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714041295.

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Chu, Yiu-Wai. "Hong Kong (in China) studies: Hong Kong popular culture as example." Global Media and China 5, no. 2 (June 2020): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436420917564.

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“China has become a predicament as well as a condition for Hong Kong culture” in the age of China, especially after the signing of the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement in 2003. This has become even more acute for Hong Kong culture in the integration of the Greater Bay Area, which can be seen as incorporating Hong Kong and Macao’s development into the overall development of the country. At this particular juncture, the issue of integration with the Mainland has become a topic that is of utmost importance for any consideration of the future of Hong Kong culture and the city as a whole. In this special context, the transmission of Hong Kong popular cultures in the Mainland are related topics that need to be explored. For example, what are the implications behind the success of Hong Kong directors and producers who took the helm of immensely popular Mainland television series? After Cantopop crossed the border, to what extent did the singers and the songs that they sang in Mainland music reality shows represent Hong Kong? These would be very good case studies of Hong Kong culture in cross-border ventures, and studying their transmissions would have long-term implications for not only Hong Kong culture in particular but also Hong Kong Studies in general. This essay endeavors to use these cross-border experiences as examples to offer a prolegomenon to Hong Kong (in China) Studies, which will in turn contribute to the possibility of generating a cultural studies response to the new configuration of the Greater Bay Area.

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Cheung, Kui Yin, and Chengze Simon Fan. "Hong Kong Investment in China and Income Distribution of Hong Kong." Journal of Economic Integration 16, no. 4 (December 15, 2001): 526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2001.16.4.526.

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Parkin, Andrew. "Hong Kong Tanka." English Today 16, no. 3 (July 2000): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400011731.

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PUI KWAN, UGANDA SZE. "Translation and the British Colonial Mission: The Career of Samuel Turner Fearon and the Establishment of Chinese Studies at King's College, London." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 24, no. 4 (May 27, 2014): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186313000746.

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AbstractThe University of London was the first institution in the United Kingdom to establish a professorship in Chinese. Within a decade of the first half of the nineteenth century, two professorships in Chinese were created at its two colleges: the first at University College in 1837 and the second at King's College in 1847. Previous studies of British sinology have devoted sufficient attention to the establishment of the programme and the first Chinese professorship. However, despite the latter professorship being established by the same patron (Sir George Thomas Staunton; 1781–1859) during the same era as the former, the institutionalisation of the Chinese programme at King's College London seems to have been completely overlooked. If we consider British colonial policy and the mission of the Empire in the early nineteenth century, we are able to understand the strategic purpose served by the Chinese studies programme at King's and the special reason for its establishment at a crucial moment in the history of Sino-British relations. Examining it from this perspective, we reveal unresolved doubts concerning the selection and appointment of King's first Chinese professor. Unlike other inaugural Chinese professors appointed during the nineteenth century at other universities in the United Kingdom, the first Chinese professor at King’s, Samuel Turner Fearon (1819–1854), was not a sinophile. He did not translate any Chinese classics or other works. His inaugural lecture has not even survived. This is why sinologists have failed to conduct an in-depth study on Fearon and the genealogy of the Chinese programme at King’s. Nevertheless, Samuel Fearon did indeed play a very significant role in Sino-British relations due to his ability as an interpreter and his knowledge of China. He was not only an interpreter in the first Opium War (1839–1842) but was also a colonial civil servant and senior government official in British Hong Kong when the colonial government started to take shape after the war. This paper both re-examines his contribution during this “period of conflict and difficulty” in Sino-British relations and demonstrates the very nature of British sinology.

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CHEUNG, DANIEL K. C., SAMUEL Y. S. CHAN, and ISABELLA S. K. LAM. "TAXATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON CROSS-BORDER PROFITS OF MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES IN HONG KONG." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 04 (December 1996): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021849589600023x.

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As Hong Kong manufacturers accelerate to shift their operations to China and cease or contract. Their operations in Hong Kong, many of them are taking advantage of the limitation of a source jurisdiction to team up with Chinese companies and escape the Hong Kong tax net. This relocation exercise of their manufacturing base not only allows the Hong Kong manufacturers to enjoy the preferential tax concessions for foreign investors and lower cost of production in mainland China, but also depletes the public coffers to the Hong Kong Government. We therefore postulate two hypotheses: (1) there is a negative association between the business operations in China and those in Hong Kong, and (2) there is a negative association between the business operations in China and the related Hong Kong profits tax liability. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect data on the level of activities in both China and Hong Kong, in particular data from Hong Kong manufacturers on their Hong Kong profits tax liability. Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The result supports that the higher the level of business operations in China, the lower the level of business operations in Hong Kong. It also reveals that the higher the level of business operations in China, the lower the related Hong Kong profits tax liability. The issue of tax base erosion is a case for Hong Kong to review its principle of taxing only profits locally generated.

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Tanigaki, Mariko. "The Changing ‘China’ Elements in China Studies in the University of Hong Kong." China Report 54, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517744406.

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This article aims to give a broad picture of the development of Chinese/China Studies at the University of Hong Kong until the 1970s. Courses on Chinese were conducted from the very beginning of the establishment of the University of Hong Kong. Chinese Studies at the University of Hong Kong started with the first two migrant scholars to Hong Kong and reflected the pre-Republican style cultivated in the imperial civil service examinations. However, the curriculum changed gradually after the establishment of the Department of Chinese. Xu Dishan and Chen Junbao took the reform further. In the post-World War II period, Frederick Seguier Drake was Professor in the Department of Chinese Studies until 1964 and consolidated the Department. Its development coincided with the basic policy of neutrality pursued by the Hong Kong government with respect to the ongoing tension between the United States and the PRC. By the 1960s, it appeared that more expatriate staff were becoming interested in the study of China and Hong Kong. This led to the establishment of the Centre of Asian Studies in 1967, the first centre where Contemporary China Studies could be pursued.

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35

Schoenhals, Michael. "The Cultural Revolution in the Foreign Ministry of China. By Ma Jisen. [Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2004. 466 pp. Hard cover $39.00, ISBN 962-996-149-0; paperback $25.00, ISBN 962-996-202-0.]." China Quarterly 180 (December 2004): 1097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004230764.

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This superb history of the Cultural Revolution inside China's foreign ministry is a carefully documented account by a participant whose overriding concern is with the factual record and with setting it straight. Ma Jisen, who worked in the West European Department between 1952 and 1969, asserts that on a number of crucial points popular understanding of Mao's assault on revisionism remains shaped by what are really little more than “dramatically oversimplified… [and] brazenly distorted…cartoonized rumour accounts" (pp. 403–404). In support of this assertion, she adduces much new and powerful evidence, especially from the first years of the Cultural Revolution. The end result is a book that may well prompt many readers to seriously reconsider much of our accepted knowledge about what happened – and why – in those tumultuous years when the British Mission in Beijing was set ablaze, Chinese students waving the Little Red Book were roughed up by the KGB in Red Square, and Mao turned from obsessing about American imperialist paper tigers to describing (in conversation with Edgar Snow in December 1970) that country's Republican president, Richard M. Nixon, as “a good person (haoren), the number one good person in the world!” The author is not out to replace old myths with new ones. She finds no simple answers and, in fact, does not even seem to seek them. Much of the value of her work lies in the subtle way it brings to the fore the absurdity of the Cultural Revolution. On occasion, her raw data, her carefully selected illustrations from contemporary texts, speak only too well for themselves: “If you want peace, the revisionists will not let you have peace,” she quotes Foreign Minister Chen Yi as saying in June 1966 – then, a few lines later, she has him denouncing, in the very same speech, the revisionist fallacy of seeking peaceful co-existence (pp. 13–14).

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LEVEN, Michael R., and Richard T. CORLETT. "Invasive birds in Hong Kong, China." ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 3, no. 1 (2004): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2326/osj.3.43.

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37

Liu, Kerry. "Hong Kong: Inevitably irrelevant to China?" Economic Affairs 40, no. 1 (February 2020): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12391.

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Wong, J. Y. "Hong Kong: Appointment with China (review)." China Review International 7, no. 2 (2000): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2000.0111.

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39

Burton, Charles, John P. Burns, Victor C. Falkenheim, and David M. Lampton. "Hong Kong and China in Transition." International Journal 50, no. 3 (1995): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203028.

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40

Ledić, Michèle. "Hong Kong and China — economie interdependence." Pacific Review 2, no. 2 (January 1989): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748908718811.

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41

Lo, T. Wing, Duncan Chappell, Sharon Ingrid Kwok, and Joseph Wu. "Workplace Violence in Hong Kong, China." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, no. 6 (July 4, 2011): 955–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11414545.

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This article reports a survey of workplace violence in Hong Kong. A sizable number of the 1,198 organizations that were questioned reported that they had experienced such violence over the 2 years preceding the study, but the problem was not prevalent. In both the private and government sectors, nonphysical violence happened more frequently than physical violence, and there was a reported lack of preparedness of many organizations to deal with the violence. Compared with private organizations, government organizations experienced more coworker and customer violence, but more private than government organizations believed that workplace violence caused the loss of key employees and clients. Correlation analysis found that a subculture of workplace violence appears to emerge over time, such that the more customer violence is experienced, the more is coworker violence, and the more the nonphysical violence, the more the physical violence. These findings are discussed with reference to international findings.

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42

Adie, Ian W. A. C. "China, Hong Kong and International Trade." International Relations 9, no. 6 (November 1989): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711788900900603.

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43

Stewart, Sally, and Nigel Campbell. "Advertising in China and Hong Kong." International Journal of Advertising 7, no. 2 (January 1988): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1988.11107053.

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44

Jacquet, Raphaël. "Le groupe "New China Hong Kong"." Perspectives chinoises 13, no. 1 (1993): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/perch.1993.3923.

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45

Chow, Nelson, and David Phillips. "Hong Kong and China in 1997." Journal of Aging & Social Policy 5, no. 4 (April 8, 1994): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j031v05n04_07.

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46

Ryu, Yeong Ha. "‘China – Hong Kong System’ as a New Approach of Relationship between China and Hong Kong 2." Journal of Modern Chinese Literature 88 (January 31, 2019): 257–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46487/jmcl.2019.01.88.257.

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47

Siu, Helen. "Remade in Hong Kong." Index on Censorship 26, no. 1 (January 1997): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209702600129.

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48

CARROLL, JOHN M. "Colonial Hong Kong as a Cultural-Historical Place." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 18, 2006): 517–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06001958.

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In July 1997, when Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty, this former British colony became a new kind of place: a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the several years leading up to the 1997 transition, a sudden outpouring of Mainland Chinese scholarship stressed how Hong Kong had been an inalienable part of China since ancient times. Until then, however, Hong Kong had rarely figured in Mainland Chinese scholarship. Indeed, Hong Kong suffered from what Michael Yahuda has called a “peculiar neglect”: administered by the British but claimed by China, it was “a kind of bureaucratic no-man's land.” Only one university in all of China had a research institute dedicated primarily to studying Hong Kong. As part of this new “Hong Kong studies” (Xianggangxue), in 1997 China's national television studio produced two multi-episodic documentaries on Hong Kong: “One Hundred Years of Hong Kong” (Xianggang bainian) and “Hong Kong Vicissitudes” (Xianggang cangsang). The studio also produced two shorter documentaries, “One Hundred Points about Hong Kong” (Xianggang baiti) and “The Story of Hong Kong” (Xianggang de gushi). The “Fragrant Harbor” that PRC historians had generally dismissed as an embarrassing anachronism in a predominantly postcolonial world suddenly found its way into millions of Mainland Chinese homes.

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Wu, Chung-Tong, and Christine Inglis. "Illegal Immigration to Hong Kong." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100310.

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Illegal migration from China is contrasted to that from Vietnam to highlight Hong Kong's unique place in such flows. Political upheavals in China, economic recessions and labor shortages in Hong Kong have caused waves of legal and illegal Chinese migration into Hong Kong which have been effectively contained through the vigilance of border patrols, police checks for identity cards, fines on employers of illegals, and cooperation from China. The increased numbers of Vietnamese boat people from 1988 led to a hardening in government and public attitudes, resulting in the reclassification of refugees as illegal migrants. The key difference in Hong Kong's effectiveness at stemming these two illegal migrant streams has been bilateral cooperation, which has been achieved with China but lacking in the case of Vietnam.

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Zhang, Di, Xiaming Wang, Xueru Yuan, Li Yang, Yu Xue, and Qian Xie. "Scientific publications in nursing journals from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: a 10-year survey of the literature." PeerJ 4 (March 14, 2016): e1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1798.

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Background:China has witnessed remarkable progress in scientific performance in recent years. However, the quantity and quality of nursing publications from three major regions (Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of scientific research productivity from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong in the field of nursing.Methods:Articles published in the 110 nursing journals originating from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong between 2005 and 2014 were retrieved from the Web of Science. The total number of articles published, the impact factor, and the citation count were analyzed.Results:There were 2,439 publications between 2005 and 2014 from China, including 438 from Mainland China, 1,506 from Taiwan, and 495 from Hong Kong. There was a significant increase in publications for these three regions (p < 0.05), especially for Mainland China, with a 59.50-fold increase experienced. From 2011, the number of publications from Mainland China exceeded that from Hong Kong. Taiwan had the highest total journal impact factor (2,142.81), followed by Hong Kong (720.39) and Mainland China (583.94). The mean journal impact factor from Hong Kong (1.46) was higher than that from Taiwan (1.42) and Mainland China (1.33). Taiwan had the highest total citation count (8,392), followed by Hong Kong (3,785) and Mainland China (1,493). The mean citation count from Hong Kong (7.65) was higher than that from Taiwan (5.57) and Mainland China (3.41). The Journal of Clinical Nursing was the most popular journal in the three regions.Discussion:Chinese contributions to the field of nursing have significantly increased in the past ten years, particularly from Mainland China. Taiwan is the most productive region in China. Hong Kong had the highest-quality research output, according to mean journal impact factor and mean citation count.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Missions - China - Hong Kong'

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