Journal articles: 'Missions – Democratic Republic of Congo – Katanga'

1

Montgomery, James D. "Pteridophytes of Upper Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)." American Fern Journal 92, no. 3 (July 2002): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444(2002)092[0247:]2.0.co;2.

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Yakovlev, Roman V. "New species of Acosma Yakovlev, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo." Ecologica Montenegrina 35 (October 8, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.35.1.

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Aitzetmüller, Kurt, Edouard Ngoy-Kihuya, and Irène Kitwa-Kabila. "Sumbi oil from Katanga and South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Lipid - Fett 100, no. 7 (July 1998): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4133(199807)100:7<308::aid-lipi308>3.0.co;2-#.

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Haest, M., P. Muchez, S. Dewaele, N. Franey, and R. Tyler. "Structural Control on the Dikulushi Cu-Ag Deposit, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo." Economic Geology 102, no. 7 (November 1, 2007): 1321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.102.7.1321.

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Lydy, Mumbembe, Madoda Cekiso, and Baba P. Tshotsho. "Language Factors Affecting the Katanga Language Spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766634.2016.11885718.

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Meerts, Pierre. "Synopsis of the genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1504.

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Background and aims – The genus Vitex is revised for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), in order to prepare the treatment of the genus for the Flore d’Afrique Centrale. Methods – Herbarium taxonomy. All the relevant material kept in BM, BR, BRLU, COI, K, P, POZG, WAG has been examined, supplemented with recent field observations in S Katanga. Key results – A total of 21 taxa are reported for the study area, i.e. 17 species, 1 subspecies, 3 varieties. Two taxa are new to the D.R. Congo (V. ciliata, V. fischeri var. keniensis). Four taxa (3 species, 1 variety) are endemic to the D.R. Congo (Vitex agelaeifolia var. rufula, V. discoideoglandulosa, V. djumaensis, V. rubroaurantiaca). Two other taxa are subendemic, i.e. have most of their range in D.R. Congo (Vitex congolensis var. thomasii, V. cuspidata). Two new combinations are made (Vitex congolensis var. thomasii, V. fischeri var. keniensis). Nine new synonyms are proposed. A lectotype is designated for 17 names and a second-step lectotype is designated for one name. An identification key is included.

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Gielis, Cees. "On a collection of Pterophoridae (Lepidoptera) from Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Revue suisse de zoologie. 116 (2009): 223–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79494.

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Pirard, C., and F. Hatert. "THE SULFIDES AND SELENIDES OF THE MUSONOI MINE, KOLWEZI, KATANGA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Canadian Mineralogist 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.1.219.

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Robbrecht, E., S. De Smedt, P. Goetghebeur, P. Stoffelen, and F. Verloove. "Four flowering plant species described from Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo) are based on specimens collected in Guangxi, China." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 66, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.04.

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The original set of botanical collections of the agronomist H.A. Homblé is conserved in the herbarium BR. Homblé was one of the first collectors (1911–1913) for the flora of Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Many Homblé specimens were described as taxonomic novelties; 107 tropical African plant species are named after him. Before his colonial career in Katanga, Homblé stayed about two years (1909–1911) in Guangxi, China. His incompletely labelled Chinese collections were erroneously considered as collected in Katanga. This supposed African origin has led to confusion with regard to the identification, and even resulted in the description of four species believed to be new for science. This paper presents and discusses Homblé's collection made in Guangxi, and the assumed novelties in it. Drosera insolita is a synonym of the Asian Drosera lunata, widespread from India to Australia. Three other species are new synonyms.Caesalpinia homblei is a synonym of the pantropical Caesalpinia bonduc. Digitaria polybotryoides is a synonym of Digitaria abludens, a widespread species in tropical Asia. Grewia katangensis is the only species that proved to be synonymous with an endemic species, Grewia cuspidatoserrata, only known from S Yunnan, and here reported as a new record for Guangxi. Lysimachia candida and Impatiens chinensis should be deleted from the list of the Congo Flora. The importance of careful specimen labelling and label interpretation is discussed.

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von Billerbeck, Sarah, and Oisín Tansey. "Enabling autocracy? Peacebuilding and post-conflict authoritarianism in the Democratic Republic of Congo." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 698–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066118819724.

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Does peacebuilding shape the regime type of countries where international missions are deployed? Most peacebuilding missions take place in authoritarian contexts, and seek to overcome the legacies of conflict by overseeing transitions to democratic rule; however, most regimes that experience peacebuilding still retain some form of authoritarian rule. In this article, we examine the extent to which international peacebuilding missions contribute to the consolidation of post-conflict authoritarian regimes even when their stated aims involve the promotion of democracy. We argue that international peacebuilders can act as enablers of authoritarianism in host countries. We distinguish this category of behaviour from explicit ‘autocracy promotion’, which implies intentional support to autocracy. Instead, enabling is often an unintended consequence, and we identify two mechanisms through which enabling occurs: by building the capacity of incumbent authoritarian leaders and by signalling a permissive environment for authoritarian behaviour for national actors. We illustrate our argument with the case of the United Nations peacekeeping operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Sas, Miriam A., Marc Mertens, Jean G. Kadiat, Isolde Schuster, Célestin P. S. Pongombo, Alois G. K. Maloba, and Martin H. Groschup. "Serosurvey for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections in ruminants in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 8, no. 6 (October 2017): 858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.07.001.

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Lukamba-Muhiya, J. M., and E. Uken. "The electricity supply industry in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i3a3261.

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The electricity supply industry of the Democratic Republic of Congo is reviewed, from the formation of the Societé National d’Electricité (SNEL) in 1970 until today. The DRC government established a national utility, because electricity is a key element in the socio -economic development of a country. Due to the national monopoly of SNEL, hydropower plants could be constructed such as Inga1 and Inga2. They supply power to mining in the Katanga province, and to a steel company in Maluku, not far from Kinshasa. Currently, Inga1 and Inga 2 are not operating at full capacity. Many hydropower and thermal plants are located in different provinces and need to be refurbished to increase their capacity of electricity for the DRC. Due to technical problems, SNEL only generates 1150 MW. The electrification programme in urban and rural areas across the DRC caters for less than 10% of the 60 million inhabitants. In 1980, the government implemented a policy called Plan Directeur de SNEL for electrification, but the policies never reached their objectives. No Energy White Paper exists which outlines the entire policy framework for energy supply and demand. Power sector reform has also not been implemented in the electricity sector. This paper outlines future government options in the electricity sector. Accordingly, the Public Private Partnership model could play a major role in attracting private partners to invest in the electricity sector in order to have different hydropower and thermal plants refurbished.

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Burlet, C., Y. Vanbrabant, H. Goethals, T. Thys, and L. Dupin. "Raman spectroscopy as a tool to characterize heterogenite (CoO·OH) (Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 80, no. 1 (October 2011): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.007.

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ILUNGA YANTAMBWE, Maurice, and Jacques L. H. CAILTEUX. "Geological observations in the Five-Klippes area, northwestern Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Geologica Belgica 22, no. 3-4 (2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.006.

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Surface mapping and exploration in the search license PR-2348, northwest of Kolwezi in the Neoproterozoic Katanga Copperbelt, focussed in the poorly documented Five-Klippes area, and showed that the Roan megabreccias occurring at the ground surface in the klippes are composed mostly of Musonoï, Mines (Kamoto Formation) and Kiubo rocks that form km- to mm-size blocks, fragments and matrix. The megabreccias are bordered by rocks of the Kiubo Formation, that are gently dipping south on the northern side, with few approximatively 10 m-size sharp refolding close to the megabreccia, while they are vertically dipping north on the southern side. A 262 m-long exploration core drilling performed under the megabreccia of one of the klippes highlighted a faulting marked by hydraulic-like fractured-deformed Kiubo rocks and by friction breccias. The Kiubo blocks, fragments and matrix in the megabreccia were teared out most likely from the southern limb of the fault. The faulting in depth is interpreted here as the roots of the ground surface megabreccia. This rupture and shearing is questioning the autochthonous character of the surrounding Kiubo and Mongwe rocks. It is suggested that, similarly as for the eastern Mamfwe anticline, the Nguba and Kundelungu groups succession in the klippes area constituted blocks thrust during the fold-and-thrust event of the Katangan orogeny, and extruded the megabreccias of the klippes before suture during the final stage of the northward compression. A nearly north-south transversal faulting and shearing crosscutting the limbs and megabreccias of the klippes marked the end of the compression. These new observations complement other similar ones in that region, and have important implications for future Cu-Co exploration.

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Pourret, Olivier, Bastien Lange, David Houben, Gilles Colinet, Mylor Shutcha, and Michel-Pierre Faucon. "Modeling of cobalt and copper speciation in metalliferous soils from Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 149 (February 2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.11.011.

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Dzhenchakova, Olga. "Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10-3 (October 1, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi60.

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The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

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Ferreira, Rialize. "SOUTH AFRICAâ€™S PARTICIPATION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO PEACE MISS IONS: A COMPARISON." Politeia 33, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/1776.

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After the peacekeeping tragedy in the Central African Republic (CAR) in March 2013, South Africaâ€™s participation in peacekeeping missions on the African continent is under investigation. Military personnel of the South African National Defence Force recently took part in both conventional and unconventional, asymmetric warfare in two peace missions, one in the CAR and one in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In the CAR a unilateral military agreement between states existed, while in the DRC a United Nations (UN) mandate for multilateral offensive peacekeeping was authorised. The rationale for South Africaâ€™s participation in African missions is important while the country is serving as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Its role as one of the leading nations in Africa to deploy peacekeepers is central to its foreign policy. The article focuses on contrasting operations, and diverse challenges such as the authorisation of mandates, funding, logistics and shortcomings in asymmetric training for irregular â€œnew warsâ€ where peacekeepers are required to protect civilians in countries to which they owe little allegiance. Lessons learnt from the widely differing operational experiences in these recent peace missions are discussed.

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Pourret, Olivier, Bastien Lange, Jessica Bonhoure, Gilles Colinet, Sophie Decrée, Grégory Mahy, Maxime Séleck, Mylor Shutcha, and Michel-Pierre Faucon. "Assessment of soil metal distribution and environmental impact of mining in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Applied Geochemistry 64 (January 2016): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.07.012.

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Yabasun, Dersim, and Mathias Holvoet. "Seeking Asylum before the International Criminal Court. Another Challenge for a Court in Need of Credibility." International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 3 (2013): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01303006.

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In 2012 the International Criminal Court (ICC) celebrates its ten-year anniversary since its establishment. It is fair to say that the current age of the Court reflects its present maturity. At the time of writing, the Court has finally rendered its first verdict, by condemning the Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga for the conscription of child soldiers after a rather wobbly trial that took 6 years. In May 2011, the Court faced another unprecedented challenge. Four witnesses transferred from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to testify in the Lubanga and Katanga & Ngudjolo Chui (hereinafter: Katanga) trials, applied for asylum in the Netherlands. This matter, which was not anticipated in the Statute or secondary sources of ICC law, raises issues concerning the cooperation between the ICC, the Netherlands as host state and the DRC, and raises intriguing questions about the interaction of international criminal law and international refugee law.

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Craig, Adrian JFK, Michel Hasson, Kurt Jordaens, Floris C. Breman, and Michel Louette. "Range extension of the Lufira Masked Weaver Ploceus ruweti, endemic to Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Ostrich 82, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2010.523018.

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El Desouky, Hamdy A., Philippe Muchez, and Jacques Cailteux. "Two Cu–Co sulfide phases and contrasting fluid systems in the Katanga Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of Congo." Ore Geology Reviews 36, no. 4 (December 2009): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.07.003.

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De Putter, Thierry, Florias Mees, Sophie Decrée, and Stijn Dewaele. "Malachite, an indicator of major Pliocene Cu remobilization in a karstic environment (Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Ore Geology Reviews 38, no. 1-2 (October 2010): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.07.001.

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Mees, F., M. N. N. Masalehdani, T. De Putter, C. D’Hollander, E. Van Biezen, B. B. Mujinya, J. L. Potdevin, and E. Van Ranst. "Concentrations and forms of heavy metals around two ore processing sites in Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of African Earth Sciences 77 (January 2013): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.09.008.

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Ewetola, Raimi, Gulzar H. Shah, Lievain Maluantesa, Gina Etheredge, Kristie Waterfield, Astrid Mulenga, and Apolinaire Kilundu. "Disparities in HIV Clinical Stages Progression of Patients at Outpatient Clinics in Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105341.

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Context: In this era of patient-centered care, it is increasingly important for HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs to customize their services according to patients’ clinical stage progression and other risk assessments. To enable such customization of HIV care and treatment delivery, the research evidence explaining factors associated with patients’ clinical stages is needed. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to produce such scientific evidence by analyzing the most recent data for patients at outpatient clinics in the provinces of Kinshasa and Haut-Katanga and to examine the patient characteristics associated with WHO stages of disease progression. Methods: Using a quantitative retrospective cohort study design, we analyzed data from 49,460 people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 241 HIV/AIDS clinics located in Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. We performed Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: A small proportion (i.e., 4.4%) of PLHIV were at WHO’s clinical progression stage 4, whereas 30.7% were at clinical stage 3, another 22.9% at stage 2, and the remaining 41.9% were at stage 1, the least severe stage. After controlling for other demographic and clinical factors included in the model, the likelihood of being at stage 1 rather than stage 3 or 4 was significantly higher (at p ≤ 0.05) for patients with no tuberculosis (TB) than those with TB co-infection (adjusted odds ratio or AOR, 5.73; confidence interval or CI, 4.98–6.59). The odds of being at stage 1 were significantly higher for female patients (AOR, 1.35; CI, 1.29–1.42), and those with the shorter duration on ART (vs. greater than 40.37 months). Patents in rural health zones (AOR, 0.32) and semi-rural health zones (AOR, 0.79) were less likely to be at stage 1, compared to patients in urban health zones. Conclusions: Our study showed that TB co-infection raised the risk for PLHIV to be at the severe stages of clinical progression of HIV. Such variation supports the thesis that customized HIV management approaches and clinical regimens may be imperative for this high-risk population. We also found significant variation in HIV clinical progression stages by geographic location and demographic characteristics. Such variation points to the need for more targeted efforts to address the disparities, as the programs attempt to improve the effectiveness of HIV care and treatment. The intersectionality of vulnerabilities from HIV, TB, and COVID-19-related hardships has elevated the need for customized care and treatment even more in the COVID-19 era.

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MARQUES, MARIANA P., LUIS M. P. CERÍACO, SUZANA BANDEIRA, OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS, and AARON M. BAUER. "Description of a new long-tailed skink (Scincidae: Trachylepis) from Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Zootaxa 4568, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.3.

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Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are relatively unknown in terms of their herpetological diversity. Based on specimens collected in the Congolese region of the Katanga and the northeast of Angola during the first decades of the twentieth century, de Witte and Laurent independently suggested, based on morphological and coloration differences, that populations of T. megalura of these regions could belong a new “race”. We compared specimens of T. megalura (including the type specimens of T. megalura and T. massaiana) with Angolan and Katangan museum specimens as well as newly collected specimens from Angola. Coloration pattern and morphological characters, in combination with substantial divergence in the 16S mitochondrial gene, confirm the distinctiveness of the west Central African form, and it is here described as a new species. Data regarding its natural history, ecology and global distribution are presented.

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Shah, Gulzar Hussain, Raimi Ewetola, Gina Etheredge, Lievain Maluantesa, Kristie Waterfield, Elodie Engetele, and Apolinaire Kilundu. "Risk Factors for TB/HIV Coinfection and Consequences for Patient Outcomes: Evidence from 241 Clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105165.

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(1) Background: In resource-limited countries, patients with tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection commonly face economic, sociocultural, and behavioral barriers to effective treatment. These barriers manifest from low treatment literacy, poverty, gender inequality, malnutrition, societal stigmas regarding HIV, and an absence of available care. It is critical for intervention programs to understand and assist in overcoming these barriers and any additional risks encountered by patients with TB/HIV coinfection. This study analyzes variation in TB/HIV coinfection and risks of negative outcomes among patients with TB/HIV coinfection compared to those without coinfection. (2) Methods: This quantitative study used data from 49,460 patients receiving ART from 241 HIV/AIDS clinics in Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa, two provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were performed. (3) Results: Significantly higher proportions of patients with TB/HIV coinfection were men (4.5%; women, 3.3%), were new patients (3.7%; transferred-in, 1.6%), resided in the Kinshasa province (4.0%; Haut-Katanga, 2.7%), and were in an urban health zone (3.9%) or semi-rural health zone (3.1%; rural, 1.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, TB/HIV coinfection increased the risk of death (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94–2.64)) and LTFU (AOR, 2.06 (95% CI: 1.82–2.34)). TB/HIV coinfection decreased the odds of viral load suppression (AOR, 0.58 (95% CI: 0.46–0.74)). (4) Conclusions: TB/HIV coinfection raises the risk of negative outcomes such as death, LTFU, and lack of viral load suppression. Our findings can help HIV clinics in Democratic Republic of Congo and other African countries to customize their interventions to improve HIV care and reduce care disparities among patients.

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Fox, S., S. Witter, E. Wylde, E. Mafuta, and T. Lievens. "Paying health workers for performance in a fragmented, fragile state: reflections from Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Health Policy and Planning 29, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs138.

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El Desouky, Hamdy A., Philippe Muchez, Adrian J. Boyce, Jens Schneider, Jacques L. H. Cailteux, Stijn Dewaele, and Albrecht von Quadt. "Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper–cobalt mineralization at Luiswishi and Kamoto, Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Mineralium Deposita 45, no. 8 (July 11, 2010): 735–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-010-0298-3.

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Wakenge, Claude Iguma, Dennis Dijkzeul, and Koen Vlassenroot. "Regulating the old game of smuggling? Coltan mining, trade and reforms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 497–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000332.

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AbstractThis article examines the smuggling of coltan into and out of artisanal mining areas in northern Katanga where the ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative (iTSCi), a policy on conflict minerals, tries to improve transparency in trading tin, tantalum (coltan) and tungsten. The article approaches smuggling from a sociology of economic life perspective, closely examining how and why artisanal miners and mine-based middlemen (négociants) helped smugglers (hiboux) in the trafficking of coltan. The findings indicate that the social networks in which miners and mine-basednégociantsare embedded allow the miners,négociantsand smugglers to maintain close relationships and to breach official regulations, but miners and mine-basednégociantsalso rely on the same networks to cheat in their dealings with the smugglers. This article concludes that, rather than considering coltan mining areas to be ‘enclaves of regulations’, understanding and addressing smuggling at both local and broader contexts call for a comprehensive, more contextualised approach.

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Emina, Jacques B. O., Henry V. Doctor, and Yazoumé Yé. "Profiling malaria infection among under-five children in the Democratic Republic of Congo." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250550.

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Introduction In 2018, Malaria accounted for 38% of the overall morbidity and 36% of the overall mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to identify malaria socioeconomic predictors among children aged 6–59 months in DRC and to describe a socioeconomic profile of the most-at-risk children aged 6–59 months for malaria infection. Materials and methods This study used data from the 2013 DRC Demographic and Health Survey. The sample included 8,547 children aged 6–59 months who were tested for malaria by microscopy. Malaria infection status, the dependent variable, is a dummy variable characterized as a positive or negative test. The independent variables were child’s sex, age, and living arrangement; mother’s education; household’s socioeconomic variables; province of residence; and type of place of residence. Statistical analyses used the chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) model and logistic regression. Results Of the 8,547 children included in the sample, 25% had malaria infection. Four variables—child’s age, mother’s education, province, and wealth index—were statistically associated with the prevalence of malaria infection in bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis (CHAID and logistic regression). The prevalence of malaria infection increases with child’s age and decreases significantly with mother’s education and the household wealth index. These findings suggest that the prevalence of malaria infection is driven by interactions among environmental factors, socioeconomic characteristics, and probably differences in the implementation of malaria programs across the country. The effect of mother’s education on malaria infection was only significant among under-five children living in Ituri, Kasaï-Central, Haut-Uele, Lomami, Nord-Ubangi, and Maniema provinces, and the effect of wealth index was significant in Mai-Ndombe, Tshopo, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Conclusion Findings from this study could be used for targeting malaria interventions in DRC. Although malaria infection is common across the country, the prevalence of children at high risk for malaria infection varies by province and other background characteristics, including age, mother’s education, wealth index, and place of residence. In light of these findings, designing provincial and multisectoral interventions could be an effective strategy to achieve zero malaria infection in DRC.

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Wang, Duanyong, and Pei Zhao. "Mismatching Structures: A New Explanation for the “Unsatisfactory” Labor Conditions in Chinese Mining Companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Chinese Journal of International Review 01, no. 01 (June 2019): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2630531318500051.

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Ever since the Minerals-for-Infrastructure Deal valued at $6 billion was signed between Chinese companies and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Government in 2008, there have been criticisms on both the agreement itself and the working conditions for Congolese and Chinese workers in Chinese mineral enterprises in the DRC. Based on our fieldwork in Katanga Province of the DRC and interviews with dozens of local Chinese workers and managers in Chinese-run mining companies as well as staff working at the civil society organizations and governmental departments there, this research tries to investigate the real working conditions in Chinese mining companies. This paper concludes with three points. First, the so-called “wage gap” always asserted by the local workers is rather a phenomenon of employment structure than discrimination. In non-English-speaking African countries, a gap has actually emerged between the insufficiency of local human resources and the lack in localization capabilities of the Chinese multinational enterprises. Second, the compliance dynamics and mechanism of Chinese-run mining companies in the field of labor conditions were driven by local pressure groups including legislation, governments and NGOs, rather than by Chinese government or legislative system. What is interesting is that the rigid discipline of local laws and the abuse of discretion in the process of implementing laws have created a special pressuring structure and resulted in some complex consequences. Third, many Chinese-run mining companies in the DRC have quite different business structures from their branches in China. This is because of their financial investment aims and for the ease of enterprises’ transition. Therefore, it has led to their different perspectives of labor conditions and human resources strategy from mature MNCs. In summary, the research cannot draw a conclusion that the labor conditions are really terrible in Chinese-run mining companies in Katanga Province. However, it reveals that the Chinese government and Chinese enterprises are still not fully prepared for direct investment abroad, although “Going-out” strategy was raised 13 years ago.

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Dupin, Laëtitia, Collin Nkono, Christian Burlet, François Muhashi, and Yves Vanbrabant. "Land Cover Fragmentation Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing on Major Mine Sites in Southern Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Advances in Remote Sensing 02, no. 02 (2013): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2013.22017.

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Banza, Célestin Lubaba Nkulu, Tim S. Nawrot, Vincent Haufroid, Sophie Decrée, Thierry De Putter, Erik Smolders, Benjamin Ilunga Kabyla, et al. "High human exposure to cobalt and other metals in Katanga, a mining area of the Democratic Republic of Congo." Environmental Research 109, no. 6 (August 2009): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.04.012.

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Kapenda, D., A. B. Kampunzu *, , B. Cabanis, M. Namegabe, and K. Tshimanga. "Petrology and geochemistry of postkinematic mafic rocks from the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian belt, NE Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Geologische Rundschau 87, no. 3 (December 14, 1998): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050214.

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Atibu, Emmanuel K., Naresh Devarajan, Florian Thevenon, Paola M. Mwanamoki, Joseph B. Tshibanda, Pius T. Mpiana, Kandasamy Prabakar, Josué I. Mubedi, Walter Wildi, and John Poté. "Concentration of metals in surface water and sediment of Luilu and Musonoie Rivers, Kolwezi-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo." Applied Geochemistry 39 (December 2013): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.09.021.

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Atido, George Pirwoth. "Church Revitalization in Congo: Missiological Insights from One Church’s Efforts at Glocalization." International Bulletin of Mission Research 41, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939317730502.

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This article explores dynamics surrounding the growth of Fraternité Évangélique de Pentecôte en Afrique au Congo, or FEPACO, the largest non-Catholic church in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The revitalization of FEPACO has been triggered by the development of a mission model built on (1) a process of glocalization that promotes an indigenous theology, (2) a local theology of missions and well-being and a comprehensive view of prayer for all needs, and (3) a ministry philosophy that challenges the widespread negative perception of women and children. It also considers the need for FEPACO to engage Congo’s current unhealthy social and political environment.

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BATROS, BEN. "The Judgment on the Katanga Admissibility Appeal: Judicial Restraint at the ICC." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000075.

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AbstractThis article examines the judgment on Kantaga's appeal against the decision of Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court that the case against him was admissible. The Appeals Chamber rejected Katanga's appeal, and affirmed the admissibility of the case. However, it did not do so on the same basis as the Trial Chamber (that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was unwilling). Rather, it looked at the plain language of Article 17, and found that at the time of the challenge the DRC was not investigating or prosecuting Katanga. This judgment can be seen as an example of judicial restraint. The Appeals Chamber dealt only with those questions which were necessary to dispose of the appeal. It did not engage in policy debates or seek to create new facts, but rather applied the Statute as drafted to the facts of the case before it. In doing this, the Appeals Chamber confirmed certain basic principles of the admissibility regime. The case also provides an insight into the relationship between admissibility and ‘positive complementarity’.

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Gobbers, Erik. "Ethnic associations in Katanga province, the Democratic Republic of Congo: multi-tier system, shifting identities and the relativity of autochthony." Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x16000185.

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ABSTRACTThis article unravels the world of ethnic associations in Katanga that emerged as a result of rural–urban migration. These associations constitute a multi-tier system reflecting ethnic, provincial and national identity levels. Primarily meant to organise mutual aid and foster cultural values, they have behaved as interest groups since democracy was re-established in the 1990s. Representing ethnic communities, they try to influence the distribution of spoils through lobbying activities, emphasising the right of ‘autochthons’ to be prioritised regarding employment and development. Political and socio-economic changes trigger identity shifts and ethnic associations adapt by inventing alternative ‘autochthony’/‘allochthony’ dichotomies, causing friction between communities. The multi-tier system provides forums where ethnic differences can be negotiated and ethnic communities can integrate. In its current manner of functioning it is only effective at mitigating acute crises. In order to resolve more complex political issues, it would benefit from a preventive approach within a permanent framework of consultation between associations and authorities.

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Muzembo, Basilua Andre, Lukuke Hendrick Mbutshu, Nlandu Roger Ngatu, Kaj Francoise Malonga, Masamitsu Eitoku, Ryoji Hirota, and Narufumi Suganuma. "Workplace violence towards Congolese health care workers: A survey of 436 healthcare facilities in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Occupational Health 57, no. 1 (January 2015): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0111-oa.

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Carsi Kuhangana, Trésor, Caleb Kamanda Mbayo, Joseph Pyana Kitenge, Arlène Kazadi Ngoy, Taty Muta Musambo, Paul Musa Obadia, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu, and Benoit Nemery. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge and Attitudes in Public Markets in the Former Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 7441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207441.

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Background. Public markets were exempted from the restrictive regulations instituted to limit the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In the early stage of the pandemic, we assessed people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior on public markets towards COVID-19. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 16 to 29 April 2020 among sellers and customers frequenting the food sections of ten public markets in three large cities (Kolwezi, Likasi, and Lubumbashi) and one small town (Lwambo) of the former Katanga province. We administered a questionnaire on knowledge (about clinical characteristics, transmission and prevention) and on attitudes in relation to COVID-19. We also observed prevailing practices (hand-washing and mask-wearing). Results: Of the 347 included participants (83% women, 83% sellers), most had low socioeconomic status and a low level of education. Only 30% of participants had correct knowledge of COVID-19. The majority of the respondents (88%) showed no confidence in the government’s ability to manage the upcoming pandemic crisis. Nearly all respondents (98%) were concerned about the associated increase in food insecurity. Preventive practices were rarely in place. Conclusion: For an effective implementation of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Africa, appropriate health education programs to improve knowledge and attitudes are warranted among the population frequenting public markets.

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Merten, Sonja, Claire-Lise Chaignat, Bruno Lapika, Mitchell Weiss, Raymond Hutubessy, Cele Manianga, and Christian Schaetti. "Sociocultural Determinants of Anticipated Vaccine Acceptance for Acute Watery Diarrhea in Early Childhood in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89, no. 3 (September 4, 2013): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0643.

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Cotterill, F. P. D. "The Upemba lechwe, Kobus anselli: an antelope new to science emphasizes the conservation importance of Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Zoology 265, no. 2 (February 2005): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836904006193.

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Decrée, Sophie, Olivier Pourret, and Jean-Marc Baele. "Rare earth element fractionation in heterogenite (CoOOH): implication for cobalt oxidized ore in the Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 159 (December 2015): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.10.005.

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Emmanuel, NGOY BULAYA, MALAMBA WA MALAMBA Sylvain, MULUNGULUNGU N. HO. Ali, and LUBOYA NUMBI Oscar. "NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MASO31 RECIPE AND COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING ACCORDING TO THE WHO RECOMMENDATIONS IN KATANGA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO." SDRP Journal of Food Science & Technology 5, no. 4 (2020): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jfst.5.4.ra.10657.

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Inappropriate complementary feeding is among the main causes of malnutrition worldwide. However, optimal complementary feeding is an effective child survival strategy ranked among the top life-saving interventions for children under 5 years. WHO and UNICEF underline the use of available food locally produced for children less than 2 years as a significant strategy to ensure the optimal complementary feeding. Maize-Soy blend in 3/1 proportion (MASO31) is consumed as complementary food in Katanga. Nevertheless, its nutritional value isn’t known nor its adequacy as additional food. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of MASO31 content according to the WHO recommendations on complementary feeding. Two samples of MASO31 formulas were taken of two different preparations, for biochemical analysis nutrients data (energy, protein, Fe, Ca, P, Zn) in the Research and Agro Alimentary Analysis Center (CRAA) of Lubumbashi. The biochemical methods used were specific to analyze each nutrient data in MASO31 such as conversion factors and KJELDHAL. Comparative analysis of «MASO31» content was done using the WHO Complementary Feeding Recommendations as gold standard. Energy and nutrients content of 100g of «MASO31» were higher than the WHO Recommendations for complementary feeding period in daily need. But, calcium and phosphorus content was lower than the recommendations and needed improvements. The number of times that was proposed by ACANUDE NGO for «MASO31» to be fed is similar to the WHO recommendations on meal frequency in complementary feeding. MASO31 may be recommended in complementary feeding in DRC but calcium and phosphorus content should be enriched. Key words: Adequate complementary food, Complementary feeding, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Local complementary food and Nutritional value.

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Cuvelier, Jeroen. "Work and Masculinity in Katanga's Artisanal Mines." Africa Spectrum 49, no. 2 (August 2014): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971404900201.

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This article, based on 16 months of anthropological fieldwork between 2005 and 2012, examines the relationship between work and masculinity among artisanal miners, or creuseurs, in Katanga, the southeastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It argues that men's involvement in artisanal mining should be considered not only as an economic survival strategy but also as an attempt to experiment with new ways of being a man in a context of economic crisis and changing gender relations. Furthermore, the article criticizes the tendency to downplay or underestimate the complexity and diversity of processes of masculine identity construction in Africa's artisanal-mining areas. In order to do justice to the intricacy of these processes, the article proposes using concepts and insights from the field of masculinity studies and distinguishing between a levelling and a differentiating trend in artisanal miners’ masculinity practices.

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Siddiqui, M. Ruby, Andrew Willis, Karla Bil, Jatinder Singh, Eric Mukomena Sompwe, and Cono Ariti. "Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." F1000Research 4 (February 24, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6122.1.

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Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

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Siddiqui, M. Ruby, Andrew Willis, Karla Bil, Jatinder Singh, Eric Mukomena Sompwe, and Cono Ariti. "Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." F1000Research 4 (April 8, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6122.2.

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Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.

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Malamba-Lez, Didier, Désire Tshala-Katumbay, Virginie Bito, Jean-Michel Rigo, Richie Kipenge Kyandabike, Eric Ngoy Yolola, Philippe Katchunga, Béatrice Koba-Bora, and Dophra Ngoy-Nkulu. "Concurrent Heavy Metal Exposures and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Case-Control Study from the Katanga Mining Area of the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094956.

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Blood and/or urine levels of 27 heavy metals were determined by ICPMS in 41 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 29 presumably healthy subjects from the Katanga Copperbelt (KC), in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). After adjusting for age, gender, education level, and renal function, DCM probability was almost maximal for blood concentrations above 0.75 and 150 µg/dL for arsenic and copper, respectively. Urinary concentrations above 1 for chromium, 20 for copper, 600 for zinc, 30 for selenium, 2 for cadmium, 0.2 for antimony, 0.5 for thallium, and 0.05 for uranium, all in μg/g of creatinine, were also associated with increased DCM probability. Concurrent and multiple exposures to heavy metals, well beyond permissible levels, are associated with increased probability for DCM. Study findings warrant screening for metal toxicity in case of DCM and prompt public health measures to reduce exposures in the KC, DRC.

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Bomolo, Olivier, Saliou Niassy, Auguste Chocha, Baboy Longanza, David M. Bugeme, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga. "Ecological diversity of edible insects and their potential contribution to household food security in Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." African Journal of Ecology 55, no. 4 (April 28, 2017): 640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12400.

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Dewaele, S., N. Hulsbosch, Y. Cryns, A. Boyce, R. Burgess, and Ph Muchez. "Geological setting and timing of the world-class Sn, Nb–Ta and Li mineralization of Manono-Kitotolo (Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Ore Geology Reviews 72 (January 2016): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.004.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Missions – Democratic Republic of Congo – Katanga'

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