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Journal articles on the topic 'Missions – Ethiopia'
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1
Petrone, Michele. "Ethiopian Tiǧāniyya in Context." Aethiopica 19 (October 2, 2017): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.19.1.1134.
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The presence of the Tiǧāniyya in Ethiopia is well attested since the mission of Enrico Cerulli in early twentieth century.Since then the studies about the presence and diffusion of this order in Ethiopia have been based mainly on oral sources and fieldwork. The aim of this study is to present a very first overview of Tiǧānī literature in Ethiopia as found in the recent missions of the Islam in the Horn of Africa Project.Local literary production shows that Ethiopian masters and authors aimed to show to their disciples and readers a broader picture of the ṭarīqa, counterbalancing the local dimension of devotional piety.
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Devi, Sharmila. "Further setbacks for Ethiopia humanitarian missions." Lancet 398, no. 10311 (October 2021): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02380-1.
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McGurk, M., and R. Marck. "Treatment of Noma: medical missions in Ethiopia." British Dental Journal 208, no. 4 (February 2010): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.159.
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McGurk, Mark, and Fiona McClenaghan. "Complex facial reconstruction in the developing world." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 8 (September 1, 2013): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363513x13690603819984.
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Ethiopia is a country of over 91,000,000, making it the second most populous in Africa. doctors are 1 in 36,000 of the population (compared with 1 in 400 in the UK) and 43 per cent are based in the capital, Addis Ababa, which comprises only 5 per cent of the population. As a result, healthcare in rural areas is practically nonexistent. Ethiopia is one of the many developing countries that welcome surgical missions in order to meet the demands of complex patients who would otherwise be unable to access healthcare. In 2001 Project Harar was set up with the aim of funding surgical missions to provide facial reconstruction for children and young people suffering from facial deformity in Ethiopia.
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Sbacchi, Alberto. "The Archives of the Consolata Mission and the Formation of the Italian Empire, 1913-1943." History in Africa 25 (1998): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172192.
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The Institute of the Consolata for Foreign Missions was founded in Turin, Italy in 1901 by the General Superior, Giuseppe Allamano (1851-1926). The primary purpose of the mission is to evangelize and educate non-Christian peoples. Allamano believed in the benefit of religion and education when he stated that the people “will love religion because of the promise of a better life after death, but education will make them happy because it will provide a better life while on earth.” The Consolata distinguishes itself for stressing the moral and secular education and its enthusiasm for missionary work. To encourage young people to become missionaries, Allamano convinced Pius X to institute a world-wide mission day in 1912. Allamano's original plan was for his mission to work among the “Galla” (Oromo) people of Ethiopia and continue the mission which Cardinal Massaia had begun in 1846 in southwestern Ethiopia. While waiting for the right moment, the Consolata missionaries ministered among the Kikuyu people of Kenya. In 1913 the Propaganda Fides authorized the Consolata Mission to begin work in Kaffa, Ethiopia. In 1919 it entered Tanzania and, accepting a government invitation in 1924, the Consolata installed itself in Italian Somalia and in 1925 in the Portuguese colony of Mozambique. Before the World War I the mission also expanded in Brazil, in 1937, and after 1937 its missionaries went to Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Canada, the United States, Zaire, Uganda, South Africa, and South Korea.
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González-Ruibal, Alfredo. "The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557–1632)." Northeast African Studies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0167.
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Finneran, Niall. "The archaeology of the Jesuit missions in Ethiopia (1557-1632)." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2017.1418244.
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Fernández, Víctor M. "Enlivening the dying ruins : history and archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia, 1557–1632." Culture & History Digital Journal 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): e024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2013.024.
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Magee, William P., Haley M. Raimondi, Mark Beers, and Maryanne C. Koech. "Effectiveness of International Surgical Program Model to Build Local Sustainability." Plastic Surgery International 2012 (October 22, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/185725.
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Background. Humanitarian medical missions may be an effective way to temporarily overcome limitations and promote long-term solutions in the local health care system. Operation Smile, an international medical not-for-profit organization that provides surgery for patients with cleft lip and palate, not only provides surgery through short-term international missions but also focuses on developing local capacity. Methods. The history of Operation Smile was evaluated globally, and then on a local level in 3 countries: Colombia, Bolivia, and Ethiopia. Historical data was assessed by two-pronged success of (1) treating the surgical need presented by cleft patients and (2) advancing the local capacity to provide primary and ongoing care to patients. Results. The number of patients treated by Operation Smile has continually increased. Though it began by using only international teams to provide care, by 2012, this had shifted to 33% of patients being treated by international teams, while the other 67% received treatment from local models of care. The highest level of sustainability was achieved in Columbia, where two permanent centers have been established, followed by Bolivia and lastly Ethiopia. Conclusions. International missions have value because of the patients that receive surgery and the local sustainable models of care that they promote.
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Fernández, Víctor M., Andreu Martínez D'Alòs-Moner, Jorge De Torres, and Carlos Cañete. "Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in the Lake Ṭana Region: Review of the Work in Progress." Aethiopica 15 (December 4, 2013): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.15.1.660.
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Kowalska, Maria. "Der Gesandtschaftsbericht des Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad al-Ḥaymī (Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts): Textanalyse." Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic 15-16 (1995): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58513/arabist.1995.15-16.17.
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The article presents an analysis of the diplomatic report of Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad al-Ḥaymī al-Kawkabānī (1608-1660), which can be read as a literary travelogue of the embassy from Yemen to Ethiopia. al-Ḥaymī was a scholar, poet, and diplomat. The Zaydī Imām of Yemen, al-Mutawakkil ʿalā-llāh (1644-1676), sent him several times to Hadramaut on important diplomatic missions, while in 1647, he sent him to the king of Abyssinia, Fāsiladas (reigned 1632-1677), who had his seat of government in the capital of Ethiopia at that time, Gondar. The report was completed in the year 1640, one year and five months after al-Ḥaymī’s return.
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Upart, Anatole. ":The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557–1632)." Sixteenth Century Journal 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj4903117.
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Belayneh, Amera Seifu. "Science Teachers’ Integrative practices in Teaching, Research, and Community Services: The Case of Three Universities in Ethiopia." Education & Self Development 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd.16.2.02.
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This study examined university science teachers’ integrative practices in teaching, research and community service at Bahir Dar, Dire-Dawa and Wolkitie universities. The data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews from randomly selected teachers. Interview data was also secured from purposively selected managers and teachers. The one sample t-test revealed that, except in their teaching practices, science teachers performed poorly in their research, community service and integrative practices among the missions (teaching, research and community service) of the university. The multiple regression analysis showed that the multiple contributions of teaching, research and community service practices towards these integrative practices was 44.12%, in which research took the major share (34.56%). The questionnaire data showed that institution-related factors (e.g., rigid financial rules) posed serious challenges in practicing research and community services. The interview data did not minimize the challenges related to personal factors (e.g., interest and motivation). This article shows that the university management are committed to providing practical encouragement to science teachers for research and community service. These are important for promoting better teaching delivery and integrative practices within the missions. Instead of attributing most of the challenges to institutional factors, science teachers should acknowledge their own personal problems and work to cope with the available external/institutional challenges. This will enhance the integrative practices among the missions which build the capacity for an effective science academic unit.
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Eide, Øyvind M. "Missionary Dilemmas in Times of Persecution Case Ethiopia." Global South Theological Journal 2, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.57003/gstj.v2i2.10.
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Under the Communist regime in Ethiopia, 1974-1991, the evangelical churches were subject to severe persecution, with more than 3,000 church buildings closed and pastors imprisoned, tortured, and killed. In this situation a group of missionaries was asked by the leadership of the Lutheran church to pass on information to the Lutheran World Federation. This was a politically charged request and, therefore, a risky undertaking. At the same time the harassment of the churches constituted serious breaches of human rights. This article explores the dilemmas of conscience of the missionaries and how the dilemmas were solved. At the same time, the article sheds light on dilemmas of missions and churches, locally and internationally, in relation to brutal dictatorships. It also shows how a church is forced from a position of critical engagement in society to submission and silence.
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Bonk, Jonathan. "Book Review: The Missionary Factor in Ethiopia: Papers from a Symposium on the Impact of European Missions on Ethiopian Society." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 23, no. 1 (January 1999): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939902300120.
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Godah, Walyeldeen, Malgorzata Szelachowska, and Andenet A. Gedamu. "Accuracy assessment of high and ultra high-resolution combined GGMs, and recent satellite-only GGMs – Case studies of Poland and Ethiopia." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 117, no. 1 (March 9, 2024): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2024-0005.
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Abstract The launch of dedicated satellite gravity missions (CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, and GRACE–FO), as well as the availability of gravity data from satellite altimetry and terrestrial/airborne gravity measurements have led to a growing number of Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) developed. Thus, the evaluation of GGMs is necessary to ensure their accuracy in recovering the Earth’s gravity field on local, regional, and global scales. The main objective of this research is to assess the accuracy of recent GGMs over Poland in Central Europe and Ethiopia in East Africa. Combined GGMs of high (degree and order (d/o) 2190) and ultra high-resolution (d/o 5540) as well as five satellite-only GGMs were evaluated using gravity data from absolute gravity measurements and airborne gravity surveys over Poland and Ethiopia, respectively. Based on this evaluation, the estimated accuracy of the high-resolution combined GGM is at the level of 2 mGal. The estimated accuracy for the ultra-high-resolution combined GGM is ~2.5 times lower. The satellite-only GGMs investigated recover the gravity signal at an accuracy level of 10 mGal and 26 mGal, for the areas of Poland and Ethiopia, respectively. When compensating for the omitted gravity signal using a high-resolution combined GGM and the topography model, an accuracy of 2 mGal can be achieved.
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Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. "Guerra com a lingoa." Journal of Jesuit Studies 2, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00202004.
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This article examines the book culture of the Jesuit mission to Ethiopia (1557–1632). Combining archival and field research, it considers the composition of the mission’s now-lost libraries, the use of books as tools of conversion, book production, and missionary engagement with Ethiopian Orthodox book culture. Furthermore, it illuminates the Jesuit reliance upon Ethiopian collaborators both to understand Orthodox texts and to produce Catholic manuscripts in the absence of a printing press. Using the personal libraries of Pedro Páez, S.J. and Afonso Mendes, S.J. as case studies, it posits that the gradual acceleration of acts performed by Jesuits upon Orthodox books—including collecting, translating, editing, and destroying—paralleled the rising aggression and cultural intolerance of the mission. Ultimately, this resulted in the expulsion and murder of the Jesuits, and the destruction of their libraries in a series of state-sanctioned book burnings that permitted a revival of Ethiopian Orthodoxy.
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McVety, Amanda Kay. "The 1903 Skinner Mission: Images of Ethiopia in the Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000198.
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This essay examines the 1903 U.S. diplomatic mission to Ethiopia, which offers an unusual perspective on racial attitudes in the Progressive Era. Desirous of exploring new trade possibilities, the Theodore Roosevelt administration sent Robert P. Skinner to Addis Ababa to sign a reciprocity treaty with Emperor Menelik II. The timing of the mission had much to do with Roosevelt's global interests, but it happened to occur at a critical point for Ethiopia, which had recently thwarted an attempted Italian invasion. This victory delighted African Americans, especially those with a pan-Africanist perspective. Black Americans had long identified with the idea of Ethiopia, but they now identified with the actual nation and its leader. Black writers argued that the Ethiopians had triumphed over modern racism when they triumphed over the Italians. Those involved in Skinner's trip had a different view of the racial implications of Ethiopia's success. To them, the victory was that of a Semitic people whose triumphs were less startling. When talking about Ethiopia, black and white American observers revealed more about their own preconceptions and hopes than about the country to which the United States was making overtures.
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Tefera, Endale, Shakeel A. Qureshi, and Ramón Bermudez-Cañete. "Successful training of self-sufficient interventional paediatric cardiology team in a sub-Saharan setting: a multicentre collaborative model." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 5 (June 9, 2014): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001000.
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AbstractBackground:Most children in the Third World do not have access to treatment for heart diseases, as the priorities of health care are different from the developed countries.Materials and methods:Since 2009, teams supported by the Chain of Hope and Spanish medical volunteers have travelled twice a year to help develop paediatric cardiac services in the Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, undertaking four missions each year. As of December 2012, 296 procedures were performed on 287 patients. The procedures included 128 duct occlusions, 55 pulmonary valve dilations, 25 atrial septal defect closures, 14 mitral valve dilations, and others. The local staff were trained to perform a majority of these cases.Results:Procedural success was achieved in 264 (89.2%). There were three deaths, five device embolisations, and three complications in mitral valve dilation. During the visits, the local staff were trained including one cardiologist, six nurses, and two technicians. The local team performed percutaneous interventions on its own after a couple of years. The goal is also to enable the local team to perform interventions independently.Conclusion:Training of an interventional cardiology team in a sub-Saharan setting is challenging but achievable. It may be difficult for a single centre to commit to sending frequent missions to a developing country to make a meaningful contribution to the training of local teams. In our case, coordination between the teams from the two countries helped to achieve our goals.
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Fantozzi, Pier Lorenzo, Giuseppe Baracca, Fabio Manenti, and Giovanni Putoto. "Measuring Physical access to primary health care facilities in Gambella Region (Western Ethiopia)." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-30-2021.
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Abstract. As part of the project “More equity and quality of health services in Gambella, Gambella Region”, financed by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS) and implemented by the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa CUAMM (Padua, Italy) a geographic database of the distribution of health facilities of Gambella Region (western Ethiopia) was created. This data collection was carried out in two missions carried out in February 2018 and November-December 2019. It allowed a mapping of the access roads and the location of health facilities using Geomatic Approaches and related technologies (Remote Survey, Field Survey, GPS, GIS). The field work has allowed the investigation in 11 Waredas (i.e. districts) with the census of 3 primary hospitals, 26 health centres and 121 HPs and related road access by car or, in case of inaccessibility of vehicles, by foot or boat.The final result of this work is the availability of a detailed cartographic picture of the geographical distribution of Health Facilities (HFs) in order to support the modern decision-making tools to be adopted for the distribution of human and instrumental resources. As an example we describe a network analysis performed by ESRI™ Network Analyst which showed the importance of this approach to remodel a more efficient referral system.
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Priess, Maija. "Verena Böll – Steven Kaplan – Andeu Matínez d'Alòs-Moner – Evgenia Sokolinskaia (eds.): Ethiopia and the Missions. Historical and Anthropological Insights." Aethiopica 10 (June 22, 2012): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.10.1.211.
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Lowe, Kate. "‘REPRESENTING’ AFRICA: AMBASSADORS AND PRINCES FROM CHRISTIAN AFRICA TO RENAISSANCE ITALY AND PORTUGAL, 1402–1608." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 17 (December 2007): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440107000552.
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AbstractDuring the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, a number of sub-Saharan envoys and ambassadors from Christian countries, predominantly Ethiopia and the Congo, were sent to Portugal and Italy. This essay shows how cultural assumptions on both sides complicated their task of ‘representing’ Africa. These African ambassadors and princes represented the interests of their rulers or their countries in a variety of ways, from forging personal relationships with the king or pope, to providing knowledge of the African continent and African societies, to acquiring knowledge of European languages and behaviours, to negotiating about war, to petitioning for religious or technological help, to carrying out fact-finding missions. But Renaissance preconceptions of Africa and Africans, reinforced by the slave trade, and Renaissance and papal assumptions about diplomatic interaction, ensured that the encounters remained unsatisfactory, as this cultural history of diplomacy makes clear. The focus of the essay is on religious and cultural exchange and the ceremonial culture of embassies.
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Fani, Sara. "Arabic Grammar Traditions in Gibe and Harär: Regional Continuity vs Specificity of Scholarship." Aethiopica 19 (October 2, 2017): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.19.1.1131.
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The present study is based on the analysis of manuscript collections of two regions of Ethiopia in part collected during two field missions and in part already known. Gibe and Harär areas were chosen both for the interesting history of their Islamisation and for their location directed towards West and North Africa from the one side, and East Africa and the Arabian peninsula from the other. Among the different fields of Islamic education, Arabic grammar has been identified as a subject not specific to certain collections or areas, being Arabic learning at the base of every Islamic curriculum studiorum. The traditional core curriculum for Arabic learning has been determined according to the presence of traditional grammar works together with their comments, abridgements, glosses etc. in order to highlight possible specificities or common traditions between the two areas and between these and the surrounding regions through implicit intellectual networks along the historical trade routes.
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Melese, Esubalew, and Ajay Kumar. "Enhancing Export Performance through Marketing Capability: An Empirical Study of Ethiopian Leather Industry." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (June 23, 2024): 1612–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/n8q8nd08.
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This study aimed to gain insight into export promotion programs (EPPs) and their effects on export performance (EP). Also, the mediating role of marketing implementation capability is examined. The target respondents were leather and leather product export manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used. Owners and managers responsible for exporting leather and leather products were identified and selected to participate in the survey. A total of 178 valid responses were analyzed using the Smart PLS Software (version 4.0). The results show that the use of export promotion programs has a significant impact on export performance. Trade fairs, trade missions, foreign offices, and education and training have significant impacts on export performance. Also, marketing implementation capability mediates between government offered EPPs and export performance. However, ownership and experience doesn’t have moderation impact. This study contributes to the literature on export performance in emerging nations, where search is scant. In addition, we focused on debate on export promotion programs, marketing implementation capability, and export performance.
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Clark, Brian. "V.M. Fernández, J. de Torres, A.M. d’Alòs-Moner & C. Cañete: The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557–1632)." African Archaeological Review 35, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9313-3.
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Honeyman, C., V. Patel, E. Yonis, M. Fell, Y. Demissie, M. Eshete, D. Martin, and M. McGurk. "Long-term outcomes associated with short-term surgical missions treating complex head and neck disfigurement in Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 73, no. 5 (May 2020): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.12.009.
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Saadah, Kholifatus, and Aqbil Faza Dyarsa. "State’s Repression toward INGO: the Dismissal of Médecins Sans Frontieres from Ethiopia." WIMAYA 3, no. 01 (June 28, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v3i01.65.
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The primary purpose of humanitarian-based INGOs is to provide and distribute assistance to those who could not get it. One of the INGOs engaged in this field and is quite successful in the international constellation is Medecins Sans Frontieres, often called Doctors without Borders. Humanitarian INGOs generally have a noble mission and have no mission to engage in the host country's political dynamics. However, the noble mission became a boomerang when MSF became one of the INGOs who worked to save the famine in Ethiopia. MSF has a noble mission, but the Ethiopian government has another mission that aggravates the condition of hunger in Ethiopia. As INGOs sought to be neutral, MSF decided to remain silent and take no steps relating to the political constellation of one of the world's poorest countries. Things got worse when MSF realized that one of their programs was being misused by the government to blackmail the guerrilla groups in the north. MSF could no longer remain silent and objected to any Ethiopian government policy related to them, resulting in the dismissal of all MSF members from Ethiopia at the end of 1986. This paper will explain the weak position of NGOs toward state, the main reason of the dismissal. The authors will be using the qualitative method by explaining the history about MSF and NGOs in the perspective of state which resulted the justification of the weak position of NGOs itself.
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Abera, Communist G. "English-Ethiopian Relations: from the Establishment of the First Consulate to the War between the Two Countries (1848-1868)." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (218) (June 23, 2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-44-50.
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Ethiopia's international relations with Great Britain obtained their modern form under Tewodros II. It happened during his reign when the British representative office and its diplomatic mission in Ethiopia were opened. The United Kingdom was the first country to open its consulate in Ethiopia in 1848. For the British, Palmerston's opening of the consulate in Ethiopia in 1848 was a very important undertaking. However, this event was doomed to failure, as the political situation in the UK and Ethiopia made the effec-tive trade relations between them impossible. The English-Ethiopian policy of 1848-1868 can be considered as a kind of triumph of Foreign Ministers Palmerston, Russell and Prime Minister Stanley. At the same time, Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia was very wary of the true motives of the British. The absence of an immediate response from Queen Victoria to his letter in 1862, which contained a request for military supplies, and Britain's general preference for Ethiopian neighbors did not contribute to the warm attitude of the Emperor of Ethiopia to the British consulate. Subsequently, this led to an open conflict between the two countries.
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Labat, Sean J. "By the Waters of Babylon: Ethiopian Orthodox Enculturation in a Rastafari Context, 1965–1980." Journal of Orthodox Christian Studies 6, no. 1 (2023): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/joc.2023.a923036.
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ABSTRACT: Postcolonial Jamaica provided a surprising new avenue for mission for the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. A new religion, Rastafari, refocused its practitioners not only away from England but also sought to chart a cultural course independent of Cold War competitors. Many Rastafari sought connection with the 'Zion' they identified with Ethiopia. As Caribbean Rastafari interacted with the Ethiopian Church, Rastafari were challenged by finding an Ethiopian Church that did not accord with their expectations. The Ethiopian Church, especially through Archbishop Yesehaq (Mandefro) struggled to navigate a foreign context with little institutional or financial support. Yesehaq's interactions with Rastafari (and most curiously with his spiritual son, Reggae artist Bob Marley) demonstrates the complexities of mission in a specific context. The Orthodox-Rastafari interaction challenged the limits of what Orthodoxy could assimilate. It also challenged Orthodoxy's new Caribbean members who could not simply cast away the tight web of relationships and culture in which they lived. Thus, demonstrating that mission rarely implicates doctrine and institutional forms alone, but also involves a web of social and cultural contacts. Navigating this web often benefits from the presence of empathetic and energetic pastors such as Archbishop Yesehaq and suffers in their absence.
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Bälter, Katarina, Feben Javan Abraham, Chantal Mutimukwe, Reuben Mugisha, Christine Persson Osowski, and Olle Bälter. "A Web-Based Program About Sustainable Development Goals Focusing on Digital Learning, Digital Health Literacy, and Nutrition for Professional Development in Ethiopia and Rwanda: Development of a Pedagogical Method." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): e36585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36585.
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Background East African countries face significant societal challenges related to sustainable development goals but have limited resources to address these problems, including a shortage of nutrition experts and health care workers, limited access to physical and digital infrastructure, and a shortage of advanced educational programs and continuing professional development. Objective This study aimed to develop a web-based program for sustainable development with a focus on digital learning, digital health literacy, and child nutrition, targeting government officials and decision-makers at nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Ethiopia and Rwanda. Methods A web-based program—OneLearns (Online Education for Leaders in Nutrition and Sustainability)—uses a question-based learning methodology. This is a research-based pedagogical method developed within the open learning initiative at Carnegie Mellon University, United States. Participants were recruited during the fall of 2020 from ministries of health, education, and agriculture and NGOs that have public health, nutrition, and education in their missions. The program was conducted during the spring of 2021. Results Of the 70 applicants, 25 (36%) were selected and remained active throughout the entire program and filled out a pre- and postassessment questionnaire. After the program, of the 25 applicants, 20 (80%, 95% CI 64%-96%) participants reported that their capacity to drive change related to the sustainable development goals as well as child nutrition in their organizations had increased to large extent or to a very large extent. Furthermore, 17 (68%, 95% CI 50%-86%) and 18 (72%, 95% CI 54%-90%) participants reported that their capacity to drive change related to digital health literacy and digital learning had increased to a large extent and to a very large extent, respectively. Conclusions Digital learning based on a question-based learning methodology was perceived as a useful method for increasing the capacity to drive change regarding sustainable development among government officials and decision-makers at NGOs in Ethiopia and Rwanda.
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Tribe, Tania. "The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557-1632), written by Víctor M. Fernández, Jorge de Torres, Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner, and Carlos Cañete." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342020-12.
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Blanc, Guillaume. "At the Roots of a Global Environmental History: An Ethiopian Loop in Nature’s Archives." Knowing Nature 4 (2022): 333–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11tao.
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This article reflects on the individual and collective trajectory of research on the environmental history of Africa carried out between 2008 and 2021. It first addresses the attempt to write an environmental history of the Ethiopian nation. The aim was to shed light on the history of the national shaping of nature, and to do this, the archival research was defined by a theoretical framework. Nature is a place where three types of struggles are at play: institutional (to build a territory); cultural (to promulgate a representation in the public space); and material (to exploit a resource). Therefore, the archives to be collected were those providing information on the three dimensions of this history: laws and activity reports for tracking back the stages involved in setting nature into a national park, taking the Simien Park as an example; tourist brochures and evidence of development of hiking trails, for understanding the public construction of a wild and virgin nature; reports of scientific missions for grasping the material evolution of ecologies. A second research project was then devoted to the global history of natural heritages in the South, in Africa and Asia. Here, archives determined the theory: scientific documentation produced by foresters, veterinarians, biologists, or agronomists; archives from colonial administrators, national officials, and experts employed by international conservation institutions; correspondence, life stories, and photographs relating to the management and exploration of setting nature into a park. These sources indicated that, throughout the twentieth century, in Ethiopia, Congo, Zanzibar, Seychelles, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Malaysia, Western nature professionals circulated from natural space to natural space, from country to country, and even from continent to continent. Studying traces of these circulations in the archives revealed another history and another geography of the South: those of an Afro-Asian area that evolved with its own chronology, very different from a Eurocentric discontinuity of the colonization-decolonization type. With this hypothesis, the Ethiopian archives could then be revisited. The aim was no longer to explain how setting up nature into a national park favours and reveals the construction of the nation, but to understand, through the Ethiopian case, how and why nature policies that were developed in a colonial context were still globalized after independence. This involved moving constantly back and forth between theoretical framework and archival research. Whereas historians shed light on the continuity between the colonial and postcolonial periods, archives show that between the two, in the late 50s–early 60s, the history of a “postcolonial event” can be studied as such: the history of colonial administrators converting into international experts, and of the encounters that connect them and oppose them to the leaders and inhabitants of independent Africa.
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Martínez D'Alòs-Moner, Andreu. "The Jesuit Patriarchate to the Preste: Between Religious Reform, Political Expansion and Colonial Adventure." Aethiopica 6 (January 20, 2013): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.6.1.371.
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In this paper I analyse the reasons that lead Portugual to send a Jesuit Patriarch to Ethiopia. Such a mission represented a radical break from the tolerant attitude the Lusitans had been showing vis à vis this African Church; the embassies that for decades flowed between Ethiopia and Portugal were suddenly replaced by a one-way attempt of conversion that deeply affected Ethiopian Christian society for more than a century. This mission is placed at the crossroads of both a process of spiritualization that the Portuguese court, under the influence of the Jesuit fathers and the cardinal infantes, endured, and of the political stagnation of the Indian colonial project. But the Catholic Patriarchate would only come to the fore, I contend, at the outcome of the Bermudez affair. This episode, which has largely been underestimated by historiography, was crucial for pushing forward the King João III, the Pope and the Jesuits in the Patriarchal adventure.
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Salvadore, Matteo. "Muslim Partners, Catholic Foes: The Selective Isolation of Gondärine Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41960558.
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Abstract This paper is dedicated to an appraisal of Ethiopia’s relations with the Catholic and Muslim worlds in the aftermath of the failed Jesuit mission in the country (1555-1632). It contrasts Ethiopia’s policy of isolation from Catholic Europe and the resulting failures of the Franciscan order to re-estabhsh a missionary presence in the Horn with the Ethiopian monarchy’s proactive pursuit of diplomatic ties with various Muslim societies of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean basins.
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GEMECHU, Milkessa. "ETHIOPIA: FEDERALISM, PARTY MERGER AND CONFLICTS." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 42 (January 5, 2023): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.42.2.
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This article has a twin mission: examining the impact of party merger on the federal arrangement and its association with the current conflicts in Ethiopia. The 1995 federal constitution of Ethiopia devolves powers to regional states. Since then, each regional state was fused with its distinct ruling party that created a coalition at the federal level. This state-party fused federal arrangement faced serious challenges with the rise of intra coalition disagreements since 2016 following the protest movements in the country, which further plunged Ethiopia into a devastating civil war since November 2020. This article asks what caused the conflicts. While recognizing the multidimensional roots of the conflicts, this article uses a political party-driven theory of federalism in order to identify the political processes that led to the conflicts. It argues that in a multiethnic federation such as Ethiopia where there is state-party fusion, a ruling party’s metamorphosis from a coalition to a union may not only centralize power but could also result in both de facto merger of that fragile federation and conflicts. Delinking the state from the party through inclusive national negotiations and democratic elections within a federal arrangement might help transition Ethiopia to a stable country. Keywords: Civil war, conflicts, political parties, Ethiopian federalism, Prosperity Party, power centralization, Abiy Ahmed.
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Aquilina, Edwin Charles. "Urban sustainability and public awareness: The role of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy in Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426217.
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The author, Co-Chair, Urban Sustainability Task Force of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, and Special Advisor to the Mayor of the City of Ottawa, is a former senior public servant and international consultant with extensive experience in public administration, policy formulation and program management relating to economic and regional growth, infrastructure development, social development as well as urban planning and conservation. With degrees in International Affairs from Carleton College in Minnesota and Political Science and Economics from Columbia University, he also holds Certificates in Russian Studies from Columbia University and in Military and Strategic Studies from the National Defense College in Kingston, Ontario. Mr Aquilina had a long career in the federal public service which included appointments to the Civil Service Commission, the Prime Minister's Office and the Privy Council Office. He served as Assistant-Deputy Minister in the Departments of Regional Economic Expansion, Secretary of State and Finance. He also occupied the positions of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Board, General Manager of the National Capital Commission and Chair of the Task Force on Decentralization of Government Operations. As a consultant, he provided senior advice to the governmentof Lebanon on public service reform and headed a task force in Ethiopia on public finance reform. He was also a senior member of two missions from Canada to the governments of Benin and Haiti. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Tessema Deneke, Damtew. "Ethio-Sudan Relations፡ Critical Probe on the Post-2018 Dynamisms." Berhan International Research Journal of Science and Humanities 6 (February 9, 2022): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.61593/dbu.birjsh.01.01.106.
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There were no significant changes in the features, focus of national interest and foreign policy behaving in the relationship between Ethiopia and Sudan. Since the independence of Sudan in 1956, the relations of them were characterized by cooperation and conflict or friendship and hostility. Bewildering issues such as disputes over their common border, Nile water, and practices of implicit and explicit interventions are persistent. This article employed qualitative approach and narrative research design to provide analytical pictures regarding the dynamisms of Ethio-Sudan relations in Post-2018. The post-2018 relationship of Ethiopia and Sudan has three distinct phases and features. These are the period of friendship, hostility and normalization. Following Tigray People Liberation Front’s ouster in Addis Ababa; there was a warm and blooming relationship between the two countries. This was the first phase and in which Sudan’s political forces recognized Ethiopia to mediate their domestic political divergences. In the second and third phases (from 2020 onward), confrontational and normalization were the respective features their relationships. During the second phase, the internal vulnerabilities of Ethiopia encouraged Sudan to enhance its pressures on Ethiopia`s government. Sudan exacerbated row over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, border disputes, as well as engaged in proxy conflict through anti–government groups. Sudan also put international pressures over Ethiopia including the declaration of the withdrawal of Ethiopia`s forces from Abyei Mission. The all-around pressures of Sudan on Ethiopia, the proactive-defensive diplomatic manoeuvring of Ethiopia and the involvement of the third bodies are the major points of the dynamism. Finally, the Nairobi Summit of 2022 was a watershed in the relationships of the two countries. Since this summit the intensified tension declined, and the normalization (third phase) process has started.
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Hauge, Ståle Wågen, Havard Dalen, Mette E. Estensen, Robert Matongo Persson, Sintayehu Abebe, Desalew Mekonnen, Berhanu Nega, et al. "Short-term outcome after open-heart surgery for severe chronic rheumatic heart disease in a low-income country, with comparison with an historical control group: an observational study." Open Heart 8, no. 2 (August 2021): e001706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001706.
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ObjectivesRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cardiac surgery is the only curative treatment. Little is known about patients with severe chronic RHD operated in LMICs, and challenges regarding postoperative follow-up are an important issue. At Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, we aimed to evaluate the course and 12-month outcome of patients with severe chronic RHD who received open-heart surgery, as compared with the natural course of controls waiting for surgery and undergoing only medical treatment.MethodsClinical data and outcome measures were registered in 46 patients operated during five missions from March 2016 to November 2019, and compared with the first-year course in a cohort of 49 controls from the same hospital’s waiting list for surgery. Adverse events were death or complications such as stroke, other thromboembolic events, bleeding, hospitalisation for heart failure and infectious endocarditis.ResultsSurvival at 12 months was 89% and survival free from complications was 80% in the surgical group. Despite undergoing open-heart surgery, with its inherent risks, outcome measures of the surgical group were non-inferior to the natural course of the control group in the first year after inclusion on the waiting list (p≥0.45). All except six surgical patients were in New York Heart Association class I after 12 months and 84% had resumed working.ConclusionsCardiac surgery for severe chronic RHD is feasible in LMICs if the service is structured and planned. Rates of survival and survival free from complications were similar to those of controls at 12 months. Functional level and resumption of work were high in the surgical group. Whether the patients who underwent cardiac surgery will have better long-term prognosis, in line with what is known in high-income countries, needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Alehegne, Mersha. "Orature on Literature: the Case of Abba Gärima and His Gospel." Aethiopica 19 (October 2, 2017): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.19.1.1127.
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This paper presents oral narratives told about Abuna Gärima, one of the so called Nine Saints, and his evangelical mission in northern Ethiopia. The narratives presented in the paper discuss different issues: where and how did he write his Gospel, which is believed to be the first Ethiopic Gospel, and the oldest known manuscript in the literary culture of the country; the different miracles the Saint performed during his years of service at the monastery; and how he is commemorated in the people’s popular songs and qǝne, a unique style of Gǝʿǝz poetry. These narratives were collected through oral interviews made with individuals who relate themselves to the monastery which is believed to have been founded by the Saint.
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Dagnaw, Bitwoded Admasu. "The Jesuits Politico-Religious Strategy to Catholicize Ethiopia from Top to Bottom Approach: Opportunities and Challenges, 1557 to 1632." International Journal of Culture and History 9, no. 2 (September 9, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i2.20260.
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The Catholic Missionaries in Ethiopia was encouraged since the beginning of the Portuguese assistance against the Muslims in the war of Ahmed Grañ. The successive Ethiopian monarchal authority was engaged to defend a full-scale war between the Muslim Sultanates of Adal, led by Ibin Ibrāhīm al-Ġāzī usually known by many writers as Ahmed Grañ. The Portuguese expansion with the succeeding Jesuit mission in Ethiopia was a turning point in the history of Ethiopia. Moreover, the Portuguese and Spanish Jesuit missionaries were more attracted by the strategic location of the country. This, in fact, enabled them to monitor the expansion of Islamic power in the Red Sea and the long experienced Christian faith in the country that had further consolidated the Ethiopian and Portuguese alliance. Initially, a Jesuit undertaking led by Father Andrés D. Oviedo first entered the country in 1557 to have started the top-down conversion process. This research aims to assess the opportunities and challenges of the Jesuits missionary strategy for the Catholicization of Ethiopia from top to down Approach. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used qualitative research approach to investigate the issue and used historical research design for this study as well. Historical research requires access to the original events or records that took place in the past as distinct procedure for the investigation. Thus, the primary sources that were produced at the time under study as well as secondary sources were used. Primary data sources such as Royal chronicles, Tarike Nagast, Diaries of eye witness, Jesuit texts and European travel accounts by travelers who visited the northern part of the country by the time have been used. Published and unpublished secondary sources such as books, articles, journals and internet sources were utilized. More significantly, the researcher verified the authenticity and credibility of the acquired historical source through accuracy, occurrence, relevance and authority. The findings of the research revealed that the Jesuits missionary ambition to implant Catholicism remained in vain with bloody wars that claim thousands of human lives. Ultimately, the Jesuit missionaries expelled from the country. However, they left behind a theological controversy that gave it to local theme to Catholicism in Ethiopia that finally resulted in the doctrinal debate particularly centered on the teaching of the two natures of Christ. The intense doctrinal debate which was held during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ethiopia hastens to the absence of strong centralized monarchial authority that eventually led to the era of the princes.
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Cohen Shabot, Leonardo, and Andreu Martínez D'Alòs-Moner. "The Jesuit Mission in Ethiopia (16th–17th Centuries): an Analytical Bibliography." Aethiopica 9 (September 24, 2012): 190–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.9.1.248.
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The Jesuit mission in Ethiopia was an episode of great importance in the history of Ethiopia and the Portuguese expansion. However, despite the number of studies dedicated to it a bibliography was still missing. This paper tries to fill the gap; it discusses the historiography of the mission, outlines the main themes treated and provides a comprehensive list of secondary literature.
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Perry, Yaron. "German Mission in Abyssinia: Wilhelm Staiger from Baden, 1835–1904." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.143.
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This article deals with the story of the Christian mission among the Jews of Ethiopia during the 1860s as related in the memoirs of the German missionary, Wilhelm Staiger, publicised here for the first time. Staiger who had, together with scores of other European missionaries, become caught up in the political turmoil between Great Britain and Teodoros, King of Ethiopia, describes the affair in the first person.
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Salvadore, Matteo. "The narrative of Zaga Christ (Ṣägga Krәstos): the first published African autobiography (1635)." Africa 92, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000814.
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AbstractIn the 1630s, a young traveller by the name of Ṣägga Krәstos (1616–38) crisscrossed Italy and France, claiming to be the heir of the late Ethiopian Emperor Yaʿǝqob and pledging to return to Ethiopia at the helm of a Catholic mission. While in Rome, intent on convincing the papacy of his identity, he authored a lengthy autobiographical statement that included a precise dynastic claim, an account of his father’s rise and demise, and an itinerary of his own journey from Ethiopia to Rome. Later, as he continued his journey, Ṣägga Krәstos shared his statement with his European acquaintances; once in Paris, he published it, dedicating it to Anne of Austria, Queen of France. This article sketches the contours of Ṣägga Krәstos’s journey and identity and offers a comprehensive genealogy of the autobiographical statement’s many extant versions. It also discusses the transfiguration that both his reputation and statement underwent after his death. Ṣägga Krәstos’s is the earliest known autobiography voluntarily written and published in Europe by an African-born author. Following this article is a complete annotated translation – the first in the English language – of what is likely to be the earliest extant version of the statement, followed by excerpts from later versions. A complete transcription of the source is available with the online supplementary materials published with this article.
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Sazib, Nazmus, Iliana Mladenova, and John Bolten. "Leveraging the Google Earth Engine for Drought Assessment Using Global Soil Moisture Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081265.
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Soil moisture is considered to be a key variable to assess crop and drought conditions. However, readily available soil moisture datasets developed for monitoring agricultural drought conditions are uncommon. The aim of this work is to examine two global soil moisture datasets and a set of soil moisture web-based processing tools developed to demonstrate the value of the soil moisture data for drought monitoring and crop forecasting using the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The two global soil moisture datasets discussed in the paper are generated by integrating the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions’ satellite-derived observations into a modified two-layer Palmer model using a one-dimensional (1D) ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation approach. The web-based tools are designed to explore soil moisture variability as a function of land cover change and to easily estimate drought characteristics such as drought duration and intensity using soil moisture anomalies and to intercompare them against alternative drought indicators. To demonstrate the utility of these tools for agricultural drought monitoring, the soil moisture products and vegetation- and precipitation-based products were assessed over drought-prone regions in South Africa and Ethiopia. Overall, the 3-month scale Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) showed higher agreement with the root zone soil moisture anomalies. Soil moisture anomalies exhibited lower drought duration, but higher intensity compared with SPIs. Inclusion of the global soil moisture data into the GEE data catalog and the development of the web-based tools described in the paper enable a vast diversity of users to quickly and easily assess the impact of drought and improve planning related to drought risk assessment and early warning. The GEE also improves the accessibility and usability of the earth observation data and related tools by making them available to a wide range of researchers and the public. In particular, the cloud-based nature of the GEE is useful for providing access to the soil moisture data and scripts to users in developing countries that lack adequate observational soil moisture data or the necessary computational resources required to develop them.
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Wassie, Solomon Bizuayehu, Hitoshi Kusakari, and Masahiro Sumimoto. "Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Ethiopia: Integrating Financial and Social Metrics." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040117.
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Since their inception in the 1970s, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have received increasing attention both from policymakers and academic circles. Using unbalanced panel data (2000–2017) from Ethiopia, in this paper, we investigated the performance of MFIs and its determinants on the one hand and whether or not mission drift exists on the other hand. To this end, we employed seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and fixed/random effect panel models. The results indicate that, based on different outreach and financial performance metrics, the MFIs in Ethiopia have good performance compared with those of the 10 biggest economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The econometric estimation results show that asset holding and the yield on gross portfolio have a positive and significant effect on the social and financial performances of MFIs in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the number of loan officers, loan officer productivity, and personnel productivity have a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of MFIs. Our results also suggest that the null hypothesis—that MFIs are not shifting away from poorer clients—cannot be rejected, implying that there is no mission drift by MFIs in Ethiopia.
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Belete, Shimels S. "Unchecked Powers of the Ethiopian National Intelligence and Security Service in the Prevention and Countering of Terrorist Crimes: Some Disquiets at a Glimpse." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 29 (October 31, 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p211.
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This article questions the supreme role of the Ethiopian National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) in the prevention and countering of alleged terrorist acts vis-à-vis its institutional legitimacy and operational integrity. With no exception to other states, Ethiopia also re-established the National Intelligence and Security Service in 2013 but as a sole and unique institution of its kind with multiplex mandates both on general and specific intelligence and security matters. Having in mind the more sensitive powers conferred to the institution and its unrivalled authority in masterminding all the preventive and punitive measures against alleged terrorist conducts as enshrined under the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation of the country, this article examines whether the establishing proclamation has set the required normative standards and watchdogging institutional platforms to ensure its functional accountability. After investigating the Service’s organizational structure, the public, judicial and political watchdogging apparatuses, the lack of administrative and financial transparency, as well as the alleged alliance of the institution to the regime in power, this article submits that the Ethiopian National Intelligence and Security Service lacks the key attributes of a politically independent and functionally autonomous institution that strives to protect the nation’s politico-economic and security interests. As it stands, much of the Services’s mission rather appears to have been constricted to serving as an untouchable guardian of the party or the regime in power, or as a rising unique entity that roams on its own impervious orbit.
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Lindtjorn, Bernt. "The Role of a Mission Organization in Building a Sustainable Government Hospital in Southern Ethiopia." Christian Journal for Global Health 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i2.351.
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In 1950, the Norwegian Lutheran Mission (NLM) began holistic mission work, including health work in Yirga Alem in Sidama in Southern Ethiopia. The hospital, which had served as a military hospital during the Italian war (1936-41), became a mission hospital. This paper presents some historical developments of a government hospital managed by a mission organization, the story of its medical work, and how the NLM functioned under varying political regimes and societal environments in Southern Ethiopia. At the same time, societal changes occurring in Norway with the weakening of mission organizations and the Norwegian government’s policy that influenced external financial support for the hospital are presented and discussed. The key message of the paper is that it is possible under challenging external politics for a mission organization to collaborate with government entities even with difficult regimes. In the area of Yirga Alem Hospital, this was done without compromising the basics of mission, but rather readjusting comparative strategies while ensuring sustainability and local ownership. The uniqueness of this work is that it explores a mission, i.e., the NLM, which developed health work within the context of a nationally owned health service. Moreover, this fruitful collaboration persists until this day and previous missionaries still work to strengthen public health programs that target such major areas as tuberculosis and HIV control, maternal health, childcare, and nutrition.
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Dzharova, Hristina Kostadinova, and Sudheer Gupta. "Nuru International: empowering farmers to fight extreme poverty." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 8 (November 26, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2014-0143.
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Subject area Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for graduate (MSc, MBA) and advanced undergraduate (BSc, BAs) students and applicable for course material focusing on social entrepreneurship, social ventures, strategic management, sustainable development and emerging markets. Case overview This case explores Nuru International, a non-profit enterprise established in 2008 with the mission to “end extreme poverty throughout the world”. Jake Harriman, the founder and CEO of NURU, together with his team are on the onset of diversifying crop offerings among Kenyan farmers in an attempt to alleviate challenges stemming from severe climatic changes and low-crop quality. As 2014 is the first year for Kenyan farmers to grow alternative crops, the Nuru team faces the challenging task of convincing farmers to embrace diversification. Additionally, as part of its proof of concept philosophy, Nuru is establishing operations in Ethiopia. There, Nuru has to identify best marketable crops and promote these among Ethiopian farmers while empowering and engaging local leaders in the process. Finally, the team is looking for financing opportunities for Nuru's entrepreneurial mission. Their funding opportunities come from the private markets, the philanthropic market and the impact investing space. They are carefully analyzing these options and looking for alternatives in capital markets. Pondering on Nuru's rewarding experience with KIVA, a Web-based lending platform, the team wonders if crowdfunding may be a viable option to finance Nuru's operations in Ethiopia. They are interested in equity crowdfunding but are not sure what might be the associated opportunities and risks. They, therefore, need to assess the merits of the practice and decide on how compelling it is for Nuru's expansion plans to Ethiopia. Expected learning outcomes The case aims to help students comprehend the role of hybrid organizational designs in meeting broad societal issues such as extreme poverty; evaluate collective impact initiatives in addressing strategic and behavioral changes for organizations operating in contexts of extreme poverty where partnerships are the key for success; assess diverse capital steams for social entrepreneurs and understand how these relate to the stages of evolution of a social venture; and elaborate on crowdfunding as a nascent source of capital for social enterprises. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Connelly, James T. "The Missionary Factor in Ethiopia: Papers from a Symposium on the Impact of European Missions on Ethiopian Society, Lund University, August 1996. Edited by Getatchew Haile, Aasulv Lande, and Samuel Rubenson. Studies in the Intercultural History of Christianity 110. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1998. ii + 215 pp. $37.95 paper." Church History 69, no. 1 (March 2000): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170651.
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Krynyukov, P. E., and V. G. Abashin. "Russian military doctors in Abyssinia." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 101, no. 4-5 (June 1, 2023): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-4-5-252-258.
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The information about the participation of the Russian Red Cross Society sanitary detachment in Abyssinia during the First Abyssinian War in 1895–1896 is presented. Biographical information of military doctors of the Russian Red Cross Society detachment and the fi rst Russian diplomatic mission in Ethiopia is given. Military doctors conducted geographical and ethnographic studies, studied the fl ora of Ethiopia, its soils, the features of local agriculture and tools.