Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Missions – Madagascar (île) – 19e siècle'
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Raison-Jourde, Françoise. "Construction nationale, idéntité chrétienne et modernité : Le premier XIXè siècle malgache." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31006.
Full textThis work is a reassesment of precolonial history during the xixth century when the malagasy kingdom became christian. First concerned by technological and intellectual improvements (1817-1835), then offensed by their religious teaching, the power became christian in 1869 at the end of a process which is still mysterious. The approach also concerns minor groups of christians like the catholics. The purpose is to understand the evolution of the state, of the elites, of the peasants and of the conquered territories. After 1869 the work focuses on the territorial and social progression of protestantism which owes much to the pattern of the parish and to the lively interactions between town and country life. It compares the new means of communication : primary schools, secondary schools, books and reviews, with the traditional means, mainly kabary (speeches) and singing which are far more important in their impact. The last part of the work is devoted to the reactions of the rural population. Everybody wants to be baptised like the queen, but the blow of several epudemics leads the crowds to an interpretation in terms of punishment by the ancestors. The famadihana is a ceremony more and more practised to please the ancestors
Rasolondraibe, Seth Andriamanalina. "Le ministère de 'berger' dans les Églises protestantes de Madagascar (de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours) : Tensions et compromis entre mouvements de Réveil, institutions protestantes et religions traditionnelles." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5026.
Full textThe movements of Revival or the "ministry of mpiandry" exist now in most of the historic Protestant churches of Madagascar, inspiring and influencing profoundly their lives and their ministries. Today, we can say with certainty that all these churches are more or less touched by the movements of Revivals. Nevertheless, these movements always engendered tensions and conflits between them and these Protestant institutions. Our study suggests examining the various aspects of these conflicts and bringing to light the various types of compromise in which they ended. Our statement contains five chapters. The first one and the second one essentially consist in describing the context : in which political, socioeconomic and religious contexts was made the penetration of Protestantism in Madagascar (1818). And in which context, the movements of Revivals and the "ministry of shepherd" did appear ? Then (3rd and 4th parts), through the life and works of the four initiators of the Revivals, Rainisoalambo (1894), Ravelonjanahary (1926), Nenilava (1941) et Rakotozandry (1946), we describe the process of institutionalization of the "ministry of shepherd". Finally (5th part), thanks to the analysis of the actions and the interactions between the various protagonists, we can clarify the various compromises emerging from it and we draw a conclusion
Raharison, Lucien. "Héritage foncier, évolution du paysage agraire et de la paysannerie en Imenina (hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) de la fin du 19e siècle aux années 1990." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070018.
Full textIn this study, we would to show clearly, on the one hand, the predominance of the succession over the landownership in Imerina(high land in Central Madagascar), in spite of, on the other hand, the development of the sale of land. The two most practiced modes of access to landownership in Imerina seem to be contradictory whereas in fact they are complementary. The sale of land seems at first sight, contrary to patriony of inheritance principles. The sale of land is one of adaptations to customary principles in order to preserve the social bond despite the economic difficulties in the sense that the sale of lands is not allowed except by local people's agreement. There is endo-transferability but not exo-transferability. In that sense the land is not (or not entirely) a property, therefore we can't talk about land market. Seing an integral part of standards a value System, centuries old practice, the inheritance has evolved with the time. Until when will the rule of endo-transferability resist to the pressure of market and to the obligation of the permanent revival of social bonds ? Problems of ration evolution between inheritance, sales of land and other mode of access to landownership involve in having interest both in customary right and in contemporary one on its every aspect. Other factors have also to be taken into account within a entire scope of the custom. In our methodology, we have worked on source of documents such as: Land registry Lists and records of local delegates, monographies. All those things have been examined and completed by the investigations
Ratrimoarivony-Rakotondrainibe, Mamy. "Relation entre la société et l'éducation avant la colonisation dans la province de l'Imérina à Madagascar." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H031.
Full textBallarin, Marie-Pierre. "Les reliques royales sakalava : source de légitimation et enjeu de pouvoir : (Madagascar, XVIIIème-XXème)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070094.
Full textThe sakalava royal symbolic is expressed in the conservation of deceased kings remains. These regalia are probably a typical example of the ever present relationship to ancestors in western malagasy societies. In the sakalava societies, the cult of relics was practised by the inhabitants of the west of madagascar before the formation of dynasties. This cult will be promoted as a royal culte in the course of the constitution of the kingdoms. As medieval saints in europe, the royal ancestor, through his relics, protects not only the royal descent but also the subjects as a whole. The agricultural protection provided by the relics cult becomes an instrument of political legitimisation for the dynasties. From then onwards, the remains of the royal body are kept in a reliquary and play a fundamental role in the practice of power. Source of legitimisation or legitimising source, what role will the relics play after the lose of souvereignty that follows the merina and frenh conquests ? by 1882, the french and the merina have entered into a bitter struggle for the keeping of the relics, a useful to maintain the submission of the sakalava population. At last, in the wake of independence, the legitimising role of these regalia again applies again in the context of the new stakes of power. In moments of political crisis, the relics of the sakalava kings, and more globally, the royal symbolic, constitute the main reference of in-fights and alliances. Stressing the ambivalence between power and religion, still a relevant topic today, we will see the lasting efficiency of these ancien ideological principles in today's local context. Today, the possession of relics remains locally a major stake and a force of legitimisation. It is therefore in a broad historical context that this attempt to understand the relationship with ancestors is located
Hapaitahaa, Joany. "Mission et colonisation à Tahiti de 1842 à 1880." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET2094.
Full textCharles, Clément Séverin. "Les Mahafale de l'Onilahy : des clans au Royaume, du XVIe siècle à la conquête coloniale (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010516.
Full textRamakavelo, Désiré. "Les actions politico-militaires de François de Mahy dans la conquête de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010253.
Full textFrançois de Mahy, deputy for La Reunion from 1871 to 1906, devoted his 35 years of political career entirely to one main target, i-e, the annexation of Madagascar. After their island was conquered in 1810 by England, the politicians in La Reunion, lost their French citizenship. How they considered Madagascar as an essential factor in order to presence their political independence in that geographical area. As provisional minister for the navy and for the colonies, François de Mahy decided to send Admiral Pierre to military expedition. That affected France’s policy in Europe. The French government wanted to avoid any risk for France to become isolated in Europe, and so, preferred to keep the statu quo in Madagascar by recognizing the Malagasy queen's authority on the whole territory, not considering the expenses caused by the 1883 and 1895 expeditions. So, the conquest of Madagascar is an example for totally opposed policies : on the one hand, François de Mahy policy trying to make the great island a French colony, on the other hand, Rainilaiarivony's policy known as the territorial unification of the country, which is the necessary condition for the independence and the national sovereignty
Gandelot, Ludovic. "Les khojas Ismaïlis Agakhanis de Madagascar : des Gujaratis de l'Océan Indien (1885-1972) : Communauté religieuse, politique et territoires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070048.
Full textThe ismaïli agakhani khojas (followers of the Aga Khan) are part of the gujarati minority of Madagascar. Facing divisions and conflicts, the khojas remaining followers of the Aga Khan set up a new community to counter the influence of the ithna ashery shiite Islam. Observed from Madagascar, they appear as a minority of low socio-economic status, and not so different from other gujaratis. However, after the Second World War, they become one of the most known communities. A reflection about the construction of identities of gujaratis of the Indian Ocean in relation to local and international political contexts, the study shows that the forms of the extra-territorial relations of gujaratis are partly determined by their mode of integration. In this process, the dynamism of the agakhani khoja community is very specific. Early and centralized, it is based on religion and articulated with the foreign condition of both religious leader and followers. We will present the different periods of its production, spread and appropriation by the agakhani khojas of Madagascar and will show that the internationalized community construction based in East Africa as well as the Aga Khan's own status enable the increase of the statutory position of the group
Bois, Dominique. "Vazaha et autochtones sur la côte est de Madagascar : médiation et métissage entre 1854 et 1885." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070147.
Full textMonnier, Jehanne-Emmanuelle. "Du voyageur naturaliste à l'explorateur scientifique colonial. Itinéraires et stratégies d'Alfred Grandidier (1836-1921)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0015/document.
Full textOur aim is to study the evolution of scientific exploration in France during the 19th century, dealing with the history of sciences, colonial history and cultural history. Alfred Grandidier's path is characteristic of a transitionnal period in wich former scientific tradition of Enlightenment is still tangible while principles of colonial science of the 1930's are already emerging. Alfred Grandidier's scientific itinerary is also interesting in itself. Our puprose is to analyse the building process of the scientific career and the personnal undergoing of Alfred Grandidier, from his training during chilhood to his intellectual legacy. This thesis insists on material aspects and everyday life on exploration, bearing in mind involvement of the scientist in various networks including the construction of his own image
McCormick, Andrew Pâris. "Religion et jeux de pouvoir en Méditerranée : les lazaristes sur l'île grecque de Naxos (1780-1840)." Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0010.
Full textThe thesis follows the development of the increasingly fraught relationship between the French missionaries commonly known as the Lazarists and the Catholic (or Latin) community of Naxos, from the Lazarists' arrival in 1783 until the tenuous settlement of the conflicts in 1840. It also looks at the roots of these conflicts, which can arguably be traced to the arrival on the Jesuits on Naxos in 1627
Jacob, Guy. "La France et Madagascar de 1880 à 1894 : aux origines d'une conquête coloniale." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040115.
Full textEn 1890 la France, qui escompte encore une rapide revanche, s'intéresse peu à Madagascar. Mais les Réunionnais, ruinés, veulent mettre la main sur la Grande Île. Ils ont deux arguments : sa richesse fabuleuse, des "droits historiques" anciens. Et un prétexte : posséder un vaste réservoir de main-d'œuvre. Avec des consuls de France remuants, ils amplifient une rumeur : l'Angleterre veut contrôler Madagascar alléguant divers incidents, le Réunionnais de Mahy, ministre de la marine pour un très bref intérim, lance en 1883 l'escadre de l'océan Indien contre Madagascar. Ferry, qui, à posteriori, approuve cette décision, se voit reprocher par la chambre sa timidité lors du grand débat de juillet 1885, l'intervention de Mahy est essentielle : grâce à lui Madagascar sauve le Tonkin. Mais, par le traité de 1885, le gouvernement malgache se refuse à reconnaître le protectorat français. Le Myre de Vilers, résident général, décèle les faiblesses de la monarchie. Dépourvu d'illusions sur les missionnaires britanniques qui prétendent exporter la révolution industrielle, il mise cependant, vainement, sur une conquête économique. Le premier ministre Rainilaiarivony accorde d'immenses concessions à des aventuriers alors que sur la côte végètent de petits colons créoles. En 1890, l'Angleterre reconnaît le protectorat français sur Madagascar. En vain, Rainilaiarivony s'efforce de développer la recherche de l'or, puis de mobiliser son armée. Au contraire, le grand banditisme progresse. Le gouvernement malgache est condamné par la Résidence, les Jésuites et les missions britanniques. Fin 1894, le parlement français, rendu euphorique par les accords avec la Russie, vote les crédits pour une expédition destinée à occuper Tananarive. (Doc thèses)
In 1890, France, still hoping for a revenge, hardly took interest in Madagascar. But being bankrupt, the population of the island of La Reunion wanted to lay their hands on Madagascar. They put forward two arguments: its fabulous wealth and some ancient historic rights. They also alleged the fact that the island offered ample manpower. And with the help of some very active French consuls. They also spread the rumour that England wanted to gain control over Madagascar. The Creole de Mahy, who was the navy minister for a short interim period, took on him to send the Indian Ocean squadron against Madagascar. Ferry, who subsequently gave his approval to the decision, was blamed for being too timid by the chamber. During the great debate of July 1885, Madagascar saved Tonkin through Mahy's interpellation. However, the Malagasy government rejected the French protectorate by the 1885 treaty. Le Myre de Vilers, the resident general, detected the weaknesses of the monarchy. Under no illusion as to the British missionaries exporting the industrial revolution, he, in vain, banked on an economic control. The Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony conceded huge concessions to adventurers while small Creole settlers could hardly make a living on the coast. In 1890, England recognized the French protectorate on Madagascar. Rainilaiarivony tried to develop gold mining and to rally his army. However, crime was increasing. The Malagasy government was blamed by the residence, the Jesuits and the British missions. By the end of 1894, the French parliament, encouraged by the agreement with Russia, voted for an expedition to take over Antananarivo
Lambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textPatary, Bernard. "Homo apostolicus : la formation du clergé indigène au Collège Général des Missions Étrangères de Paris, à Penang (Malaisie), 1808-1968 : institution et représentations." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20008/document.
Full textThis PhD is about the education of asian native clergy in a french catholic seminary, (General College) in Penang (Malaysia), between 1808 and 1968. It deals with the history and many aspects of every day life in an institution led by missionaries : spiritual matters, liturgy, general and theological studies, hygiene, food, health, manual work, finances. It as taken an interest in studying the members of this community, french teachers and their pupils coming from twelve different countries of Asia. This quite long period (160 years) offers the opportunity to observe the evolution of political and cultural events, especially those connected with the Holy See’s foreign policy, the colonization of Asia, Vatican II’s consequences. But the major aim is consisting in the understanding of a system of cultural representations. The General College intends to transmit the european civilization, and also to produce, within native asian seminarists, an ideal-priest, the homo academicus, able to die a martyr to the Catholic Church, if necessary. Many questions are asked : how did french missionaries look at the native clergy they educated, and what does it reavels, wich rank do those newly converted priests deserved in the Church, how did the french teachers proceeded to achieve their purposes and were they successful ?
Huyghues-Belrose, Vincent. "L'évangélisation du sud-ouest de l'Océan indien du XVe au XVIIIe siècle (Afrique orientale, Comores, Madagascar, Mascareignes)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010676.
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