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Journal articles on the topic 'Mitochondrium Cytologie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Takahara, Manabu, Haruko Kuroiwa, Shin-ya Miyagishima, Toshiyuki Mori, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "Localization of the Mitochondrial FtsZ Protein in a Dividing Mitochondrion." CYTOLOGIA 66, no. 4 (2001): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.66.421.

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2

Miyakawa, Isamu, Kosuke Arata, Miki Matsunobu, and Tomomi Inai. "Methods for Staining Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Nucleoids of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Grown on a Hydrophobic Substrate." CYTOLOGIA 78, no. 3 (2013): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.78.321.

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3

Sasaki, Narie, Takeshi Suzuki, and Shigeyuki Kawano. "In Situ Analysis of the Membrane binding Region of Multiple Mitochondrial DNA Molecules in the Mitochondrial Nucleus of Physarum polycephalum." CYTOLOGIA 62, no. 3 (1997): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.62.309.

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4

Umezaki, Takao, and Isamu Miyakawa. "Use of SDS-DNA PAGE for Detection of Mitochondrial Abf2p-like Proteins and Mitochondrial Nuclease in Saccharomyces Yeasts and Arxiozyma telluris." CYTOLOGIA 67, no. 4 (2002): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.67.423.

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5

Yoshida, Yamato, and Yuichi Taniguchi. "Simultaneous Single-Cell Measurements Demonstrate a Positive Correlation between RNA Copy Number for Mitochondrial Division and Fusion Genes and Mitochondrial Fragmentation." CYTOLOGIA 84, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.84.15.

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6

Yui, Ryoko, and Etsuko T. Matsuura. "Selective Transmission of Mitochondrial DNA Occurs in Individual Flies." CYTOLOGIA 76, no. 3 (2011): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.76.367.

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7

Hashimoto, Haruki. "Mitochondrion-dividing Ring in an Alga Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae, Heterokonta)." CYTOLOGIA 69, no. 3 (2004): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.69.323.

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8

Takusagawa, Mari, Tomomi Hayashi, Hiroyoshi Takano, and Atsushi Sakai. "Organization of Mitochondrial-Nucleoids in BY-2 Cultured Tobacco Cells." CYTOLOGIA 74, no. 3 (2009): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.74.329.

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9

Nishibayashi, Soryu, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "Division of mitochondrial nuclei in protozoa, a green alga and a higher plant." CYTOLOGIA 50, no. 1 (1985): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.50.75.

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10

Ohta, Niji, Kuninori Suzuki, Shigeyuki Kawano, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "Direct Evidence of Mitochondrial Nuclear Division in the Ultra-micro Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae." CYTOLOGIA 58, no. 4 (1993): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.58.471.

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11

Aoyama, Hiroaki, Yosikazu Ono, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, and Soichi Nakamura. "Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Morphology during Vegetative Cell Cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." CYTOLOGIA 80, no. 3 (2015): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.80.259.

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12

Nishibayashi, Soryu, Shigeyuki Kawana, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "Light and electron microscopic observations of mitochondrial fusion in plasmodia induced sporulation in Physarum polycephalum." CYTOLOGIA 52, no. 3 (1987): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.52.599.

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13

Yoshida, Yamato, and Yuichi Taniguchi. "Simultaneous Measurements of RNA Molecules Transcribed from Mitochondrial Division or Fusion Genes in Single Cells." CYTOLOGIA 84, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.84.1.

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14

Miyakawa, Isamu, Keiko Mitomi, Yuri Ueda, and Nobundo Sando. "The Close Location of Actin Patches to Mitochondria during Sporulation of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." CYTOLOGIA 71, no. 4 (2006): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.439.

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15

Miyakawa, Isamu, and Hiroshi Sato. "Analysis of Mitochondrial Nucleoid Proteins of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Means of Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis." CYTOLOGIA 66, no. 1 (2001): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.66.99.

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16

Itoh, Kie, Akiko Izumi, Toshiyuki Mori, Naoshi Dohmae, Ryoko Yui, Katsura Maeda-Sano, Masahiro M. Kanaoka, et al. "New Protein Pmn34 with an Exonuclease Motif Localizes in the Mitochondrial Nucleoid Periphery of Physarum polycephalum." CYTOLOGIA 74, no. 4 (2009): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.74.401.

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17

Kimura, Kei, Chikako Nagasato, Shinya Uwai, and Taizo Motomura. "Sperm Mitochondrial DNA Elimination in the Zygote of the Oogamous Brown Alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)." CYTOLOGIA 75, no. 4 (2010): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.75.353.

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18

Miyakawa, Isamu, Masahiro Miyamoto, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, and Nobundo Sando. "DNA Content of Individual Mitochondrial Nucleoids Varies Depending on the Culture Conditions of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." CYTOLOGIA 69, no. 1 (2004): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.69.101.

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19

Fujiwara, Takayuki, Fumi Yagisawa, Mio Ohnuma, Yamato Yoshida, Masaki Yoshida, Keiji Nishida, Osami Misumi, Haruko Kuroiwa, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "The Vacuole Binding to Mitochondria by VIG1 Contributes an Equal Inheritance of the Vacuoles in Cyanidioschyzon merolae." CYTOLOGIA 75, no. 2 (2010): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.75.189.

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20

Shiiba, Daisuke, Isamu Miyakawa, and Nobundo Sando. "Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Nucleoids during the Transition from Anaerobic to Aerobic Culture in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." CYTOLOGIA 70, no. 3 (2005): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.70.287.

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21

Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi, Fumi Yagisawa, Takayuki Fujiwara, Osami Misumi, Noriko Nagata, Yuuta Imoto, Yamato Yoshida, Yuko Mogi, Shin-ya Miyagishima, and Haruko Kuroiwa. "Smooth Loop-Like Mitochondrial Nucleus in the Primitive Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae Revealed by Drying Treatment." CYTOLOGIA 86, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.86.89.

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22

Kohli, Rashmi, and Sudarshan Chaudhry. "Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment in the Two Populations of Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus (Culcidae: Diptera)." CYTOLOGIA 72, no. 1 (2007): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.72.83.

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23

Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi, Haruko Kuroiwa, and Naoki Seki. "Visualizing Mitochondrial and Plastid Nuclei in Thin Sections of DAPI-stained Cells Using a Confocal 405-nm Laser Scanning Microscope." CYTOLOGIA 67, no. 4 (2002): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.67.439.

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24

Maeda-Sano, Katsura, Shigeharu Sato, Takashi Ueda, Ryoko Yui, Kie Ito, Masayuki Hata, Akihiko Nakano, Kiyoshi Kita, Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi, and Narie Sasaki. "Visualization of Mitochondrial and Apicoplast Nucleoids in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum by SYBR Green I and PicoGreen Staining." CYTOLOGIA 74, no. 4 (2009): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.74.449.

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25

Kato, Shoichi, Yuuta Imoto, Mio Ohnuma, Tomoko M. Matsunaga, Haruko Kuroiwa, Shigeyuki Kawano, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, and Sachihiro Matsunaga. "Aurora Kinase of the Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is Related to Both Mitochondrial Division and Mitotic Spindle Formation." CYTOLOGIA 76, no. 4 (2011): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.76.455.

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26

Miller, C. C. J., J. G. Duckett, and B. Kirkham. "Gametogenesis: the playground of the developmental cytologist." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007910.

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SynopsisDevelopmental ultrastructural studies have led to major advances in our understanding of key questions ranging from the causal basis for the alternation of generations and the role of the cytoskeleton in cellshaping processes to the phylogeny of archegoniate plants. Oogenesis is characterised by profound nuclearcytoplasmic interactions accompanied by striking changes in the egg mitochondria and plastids. At fertilization, egg penetration is a physical process and the plastids from the spermatozoids are excluded from the egg. Considerable dissimilarity between the shapes of the biflagellate spermatozoids of Lycopodium and Selaginella underlines their ancient separation. Equally striking differences in spermatozoid architecture argue against any direct phyletic link between heterosporous and homosporous ferns. Taxonomic variations between the spermatozoids of homosporous ferns suggests blepharoplast morphology to be a potentially rich source of new systematic data. Whilst there is general agreement that the multilayered structure is a cytoskeletal alignment system, a proposed shape-generating system situated near the nuclear envelope, which provides the force necessary for spermatozoid morphogensis, has not yet been identified. New fixation procedures have revealed hitherto overlooked filamentous elements associated with the nucleus. Whereas tests for actin were negative, immunoblotting suggests that these contain the intermediate filament protein antigens.

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27

Turelli, Michel, Claude Coulomb, Stéphanie Mutaftschiev, and Philippe-Jean Coulomb. "Étude cytologique du mode d'action du capsidiol, sur les hyphes de Phytophthora capsici." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-089.

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After the action of capsidiol on the hyphae of Phytophthora capsici in vitro, observations with electron microscopy revealed alterations in the cell wall, in the plasmalemma, in the mitochondria, and in the Golgi system. Among other effects, phytoalexin stimulated the separation of the external cell wall layers, liberating a three-component filament. Such cytomorphological events were also recorded in situ on sections, when the fungus parasitized the leaves of Capsicum annuum. [Translated by the Journal]

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28

Titov, Sergei, Pavel S. Demenkov, Sergei A. Lukyanov, Sergei V. Sergiyko, Gevork A. Katanyan, Yulia A. Veryaskina, and Mikhail K. Ivanov. "Preoperative detection of malignancy in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears with indeterminate cytology (Bethesda III, IV) by a combined molecular classifier." Journal of Clinical Pathology 73, no. 11 (March 25, 2020): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206445.

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AimsAnalysis of molecular markers in addition to cytological analysis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples is a promising way to improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Previously, we have developed an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules by means of a small set of molecular markers. Here, we aimed to validate this approach using FNA cytology samples of Bethesda categories III and IV, in which preoperative detection of malignancy by cytological analysis is impossible.MethodsA total of 122 FNA smears from patients with indeterminate cytology (Bethesda III: 13 patients, Bethesda IV: 109 patients) were analysed by real-time PCR regarding the preselected set of molecular markers (the BRAF V600E mutation, normalised concentrations of HMGA2 mRNA, 3 microRNAs, and the mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio). The decision tree–based classifier was used to discriminate between benign and malignant tumours.ResultsThe molecular testing detected malignancy in FNA smears of indeterminate cytology with 89.2% sensitivity, 84.6% positive predictive value, 92.9% specificity and 95.2% negative predictive value; these characteristics are comparable with those of more complicated commercial tests. Residual risk of malignancy for the thyroid nodules that were shown to be benign by this molecular method did not exceed the reported risk of malignancy for Bethesda II histological diagnosis. Analytical-accuracy assessment revealed required nucleic-acid input of ≥5 ng.ConclusionsThe study shows feasibility of preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules of indeterminate cytology using a small panel of molecular markers of different types by a simple PCR-based method using stained FNA smears.

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29

Moro, Loredana, Arnaldo A. Arbini, Ersilia Marra, and Margherita Greco. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Reduces PARP-1 Levels and Promotes Progression of the Neoplastic Phenotype in Prostate Carcinoma." Analytical Cellular Pathology 30, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/798134.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and/or depletion has been correlated with cancer progression and drug resistance. To investigate the role of mtDNA in prostate cancer progression, we used LNCaP and PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells as experimental model. Compared to minimally invasive androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, highly invasive androgen-independent PC-3 cells, as well as androgen-independent DU145 and C4-2 cells, exhibited significantly reduced mtDNA content. In PC-3 cells, reduction of mtDNA was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased migration onto the basement membrane protein laminin-1, reduced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel (IC50=110 nM vs. 22 nM) and decreased expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1. To investigate the relationship between mtDNA depletion and these phenotypic characteristics, we established mtDNA-depleted LNCaP cells [Rho(−)] by long-term exposure to ethidium bromide or treated wild-type LNCaP cells with a mitochondrial ionophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Both manipulations resulted in ΔΨm loss, acquisition of invasive cytology, increased motility onto laminin-1, reduced sensitivity to paclitaxel (IC50=~100 nM) and ~75% reduction in PARP-1 protein levels, resembling PC-3 cells. Overall, these results provide novel evidence demonstrating that mtDNA depletion in early prostate carcinoma may contribute to the acquisition of a more invasive phenotype that is less sensitive to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.

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30

Barr, Donald J. S., and Nichole L. Désaulniers. "Four zoospore subtypes in the Rhizophlyctis–Karlingia complex (Chytridiomycetes)." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-072.

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Four subtypes of zoospores are described, with the use of the transmission electron microscope, for chytridiomycetous fungi that can be classified with light microscopy in the Rhizophlyctis–Karlingia complex. Subtype A has ribosomes dispersed throughout the cytoplasm; a long fibrillar rhizoplast; mitochondria and microbody closely associated with the rhizoplast; and numerous lipid globules that have occasional association with microbody. Subtype B has ribosomes concentrated into the center of the zoospore, and these are partially surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum; a short fibrillar rhizoplast; microbody associated with a basal lip of the nucleus; mitochondria that surround the rhizoplast; and numerous lipid globules that have occasional association with microbody. Subtype C has ribosomes concentrated (as in subtype B); several mitochondria interwound with microbody in the basal area between the kinetosome and nucleus; and numerous lipid globules that have occasional association with microbody. Subtype D has ribosomes concentrated (as in subtypes B and C); a long heel-like segment of the nucleus that extends to a point adjacent to the kinetosome; a close association between the nuclear heel, microbody, and mitochondria; and a large lipid globule which has close association with microbody and is partially surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum. None of the subtypes contain cytoplasmic microtubules. The taxonomic significance of the cytology is discussed. It is concluded that these subtypes of zoospores are more closely related to the Spizellomycetales than the Chytridiales.

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Iovene, Marina, Salvatore Savarese, Teodoro Cardi, Luigi Frusciante, Nunzia Scotti, Philipp W. Simon, and Domenico Carputo. "Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition of Solanum bulbocastanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids." Genome 50, no. 5 (May 2007): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-024.

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Somatic hybrids between the wild incongruent species Solanum bulbocastanum (2n = 2x = 24) and S. tuberosum haploids (2n = 2x = 24) have been characterized for their nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition. Cytologic observations revealed the recovery of 8 (near-)tetraploid and 3 hexaploid somatic hybrids. Multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis was carried out to study the genomic dosage of the parental species in 5 somatic hybrids with different ploidy. The GISH procedure used was effective in discriminating parental genomes in the hybrids; most chromosomes were unambiguously colored. Two (near-)tetraploid somatic hybrids showed the expected 2:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage; 2 hexaploids revealed a 4:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage, and 1 hexaploid had a 2:4 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage. Characterization of hybrid cytoplasmic genomes was performed using gene-specific primers that detected polymorphisms between the fusion parents in the intergenic regions. The analysis showed that most of the somatic hybrids inherited the plastidial and mitochondrial DNA of the cultivated parent. A few hybrids, with a rearranged mitochondrial genome (showing fragments derived from both parents), were also identified. These results confirmed the potential of somatic hybridization in producing new variability for genetic studies and breeding.

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32

Schepici, Giovanni, Serena Silvestro, Placido Bramanti, and Emanuela Mazzon. "Caffeine: An Overview of Its Beneficial Effects in Experimental Models and Clinical Trials of Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134766.

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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway with consequent loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopamine depletion. The cytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein (α-Syn), known as Lewy bodies, are the cytologic hallmark of PD. The presence of α-Syn aggregates causes mitochondrial degeneration, responsible for the increase in oxidative stress and consequent neurodegeneration. PD is a progressive disease that shows a complicated pathogenesis. The current therapies are used to alleviate the symptoms of the disease without changing its clinical course. Recently, phytocompounds with neuroprotective effects and antioxidant properties such as caffeine have aroused the interest of researchers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical studies present in the literature and clinical trials recorded in ClinicalTrial.gov, aimed at illustrating the effects of caffeine used as a nutraceutical compound combined with the current PD therapies. Therefore, the preventive effects of caffeine in the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons encourage the use of this alkaloid as a supplement to reduce the progress of the PD.

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33

Popovski, Vladimir, Alberto Benedetti, Danica Popovik Monevska, Aleksandar Grcev, Predrag Serafimovski, Ruse Pecanovski, and Aleksandar Stamatoski. "Oncocytoma of the Deep Lobe of the Parotid Gland." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.048.

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BACKGROUND: Oncocytoma or oxyphilic adenoma is uncommon salivary gland tumour, occurs predominantly in the in patients older than 60 years of age. Clinically oncocytoma resemble other salivary tumours while histology is typically consisting of oncocytes with many hyperplastic mitochondria. It usually occurs in the parotid gland. Because the features of oncocytoma are similar to those of other benign and low-grade malignant salivary tumours, clinical diagnosis is often challenging.CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents the pathologic and imaging findings of an oncocytoma arising in the deep lobe of the right parotid gland in a 74-year-old male. Oncocytoma was diagnosed on the basis of histological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphic findings and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).CONCLUSION: This case was unique because in the literature there are few articles about the rare presentation and deep lobe location of this type of parotid oncocytoma.

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Falcaro, Christian, Tommaso Furlanello, Diana Binanti, Alessandra Fondati, Ugo Bonfanti, Mark Krockenberger, Richard Malik, and Patrizia Danesi. "Molecular characterization of Prototheca in 11 symptomatic dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720976423.

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Protothecosis is an uncommon disease caused by algae of the genus Prototheca. In dogs, the infection is usually first localized to the colon but has the propensity to later disseminate hematogenously to many other organs, with marked tropism for the eyes and central nervous system. Diagnosis is established by culture and/or evidence of Prototheca organisms in cytologic or histologic preparations. Species characterization, however, requires molecular investigations. Our laboratory set up a real-time PCR targeting portion D1/D2 of the 28S rRNA for identification of Prototheca species from both positive cultures (of rectal swabs and urine) and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Prototheca bovis, P. ciferrii, and P. wickerhamii were characterized in 11 dogs with systemic or cutaneous protothecosis. Prototheca identifications were phylogenetically consistent with the new taxonomy proposed for this genus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. As a pilot study, we screened feces and rectal scrapes from 200 asymptomatic dogs, using 2 cohorts of stray and owned animals, to determine the prevalence of intestinal carriage of Prototheca spp. The Prototheca-negative results from both cohorts of healthy dogs suggest that predisposing factors related to the host probably contribute more to the acquisition of clinical disease than exposure to contaminated environments.

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35

Mikhailova, Mariya, Ruslan Sheyko, Galina Mоzgova, Anastasiya Astrouskaya, Ekaterina Lagun, and Nina Balashenko. "DNA identification of animals to detect food counterfeiting." Science and Innovations 10, no. 212 (October 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2020-10-40-45.

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The article describes state-of-the-art approaches to the species and breed identification of even-toed ungulates, including the determination of subspecies of the Bovinae subfamily and the belonging of breeds of bovine (Bos taurus) subspecies using breed-specific SNP markers that differentiate the gene pool of meat or dairy cattle; the accredited activity results of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on the species identification of the meat ingredients of animals and poultry in food products and raw material are provided to detect adulterations and prove the quality conformance. The authors demonstrate their own results related to the studies on the COI gene polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA of the European bison (Bison bonasus), the American bison (Bison bison), cattle (Bos taurus taurus). A need for developing of species and breed identification technologies allowing to determine the belonging of an individual to a specific subspecies or breed to obtain information that may be used in forensic science is substantiated. The importance of developing of quantitative PCR techniques for the rigorous calculation of an adulteration content in meat products and differentiation between the deliberately produced fake and the technically inevitable contamination of food raw material arising from technological meat processing is justified.

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36

Duckett, Jeffrey G., and Roberto Ligrone. "A comparative cytological analysis of fungal endophytes in the sporophyte rhizomes and vascularized gametophytes of Tmesipteris and Psilotum." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 11 (November 2005): 1443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-102.

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This article describes the results of a light and electron microscopic study of the fungal endophytes and vascular anatomy in the rhizomes and gametophytes of Tmesipteris and Psilotum. The parenchymatous cortical cells of the rhizomes and subterranean gametophytes of Tmesipteris and Psilotum contain intracellular aseptate glomeromycotean fungi resembling the “Paris-type” of arbuscular mycorrhizas found in seed plants. The fungi differentiate into multinucleate vesicles and hyphal coils, both containing bacteria-like structures and accumulating lipid masses and crystals as they age. After several cycles of infection in the same cell, degenerate hyphae form amorphous masses encased by host wall material. Nearly identical host–fungus cytology between the autotrophic sporophytes and the heterotrophic gametophytes suggests that these psilophyte associations are exploitative of the fungus in both generations. Following the description of tracheids nearly 60 years ago in the gametophytes of Psilotum, vascular elements are described for the first time in the haploid generation of Tmesipteris. Close similarities between the water- and food-conducting elements in both generations, viz. vessel elements with scalariform perforation plates and sieve cells with refractive spherules and lacking callose at all stages in their develoment, add support to the homologous theory of the alternations of generations. Mitochondrial aggregations, cross-linked by small electron-opaque rods, are common in the stelar cells of both generations and appear to be a unique feature of the psilophyte clade.

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37

Ouzounidou, G., E. P. Eleftheriou, and S. Karataglis. "Ecophysical and ultrastructural effects of copper in Thlaspi ochroleucum (Cruciferae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-119.

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The toxic effects of Cu on growth, element uptake, chlorophyll content, cellular ultrastructure, and morphometry of a Zn-and Pb-tolerant ecotype of Thlaspi ochroleucum have been investigated in hydroponic cultures. Increasing Cu concentrations in nutrient solutions caused a reduction of root growth, a decrease in total chlorophyll content in the leaves, an increased uptake of Cu, and a decreased uptake of nutrient elements such as Ca, Mg, K, and Fe. Gross anatomy and intercellular spaces of leaves of plants treated with Cu did not differ significantly from the controls. However, cells contained fewer and smaller chloroplasts that lacked starch grains and contained a number of large plastoglobuli. The volume fraction of the internal membrane system was reduced, but ultrastructurally it was similar to the control. These findings, in combination with the reduced quantity of chlorophyll, indicate that the existence of a well-organized internal membrane system does not necessarily imply the presence of high amounts of chlorophyll. Other leaf cell components, such as mitochondria, microbodies, and nuclei, displayed little ultrastructural malformation. In roots, however, all cell types were so disorganized by treatment with Cu that cell organelles could hardly be identified. Our results indicate that toxic effects of Cu appear to be manifested primarily in roots and secondarily on aerial plant parts. Key words: chlorophyll content, copper, element uptake, morphometric cytology, ultrastructure, Thlaspi ochroleucum.

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38

Rivas, L., A. Toledano, M. I. Alvarez, A. I. Sanz, M. A. Oroza, and J. Murube. "Ultrastructural Study of the Conjunctiva in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca not Associated with Systemic Disorders." European Journal of Ophthalmology 8, no. 3 (January 1998): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219800800302.

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Purpose The aim of this work was to evaluate ultrastructural alterations of the conjunctiva during the clinical course of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and to detect its earliest and most characteristic morphological changes. Methods The conjunctiva was studied in biopsies from 75 patients and 10 controls. Patients were classified according to the results of the Schirmer I test, break-up time, rose Bengal staining, osmolarity and impression cytology. Results The conjunctiva in these KCS patients showed progressive hyperplasia, hypertrophy and cellular flattening, with diminution of goblet cell density and microvilli. In the severe cases, the epithelial cells lost their organelles, and fibrous material increased. From the early phases of KCS, clear nuclear alterations (indentation, binucleation) were found, but pyknotic nuclei or anucleated cells were only observed in the most severe cases. From the earliest stages to the most severe cases of KCS, decreases in cell membrane interdigitations were observed parallel to increases in the number and size of desmosomes. There were also increases in the number of inflammatory cells. Alterations in blood vessels were only observed in the most severe cases. Conclusions Morphological studies alone were able even in the earliest phases of KCS, to detect the squamous metaplasia that progresses from the surface of the epithelium to the connective tissue. This degenerative or adaptative cellular process was characterized mainly by marked proliferation of the cytoskeleton and a general loss of organelles, mitochondria being the least affected.

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Ouellette, G. B., C. Côté, N. Méthot, H. Chamberland, and J. G. Lafontaine. "Cytology of irregular growth forms of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi growing through millipore filter membranes and sterilized elm wood sections." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1095–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-153.

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When Ophiostoma ulmi or Ophiostoma novo-ulmi are grown on either 0.22- or 0.45-μm millipore filter membranes placed on impoverished agar medium, the fungus grows through these membranes and takes on various irregular pleomorphic growth forms (P-forms). Links of continuity between these forms and the more regular ones have been shown using light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Tests with labelled probes, such as gold-complexed wheat germ agglutinin for chitin and β-exoglucanase for cellulosic β-1,4-glucans, have indicated that in P-forms deposition of chitin is much altered but is less so in the case of cellulosic glucan. The cytology of these forms compared with the regular fungal ones is also very different, particularly with reference to mitochondria and nuclei. Also, numerous vesiculate structures were noted in the rarely septate P-forms. Similar irregular forms with opaque contents were produced by these fungi when they were grown on sterilized elm wood sections. When these latter samples were fixed by high-pressure freezing, the following main features were noted: fungal cells with a very thin wall, slightly labelled for chitin but more intensely for cellulosic glucans; well-preserved structures, such as plasmalemma and endoplasmic reticulum; and a slightly opaque, fibril-containing extracellular sheath. Differences in labelling for galactose, whether of wall layers or cell contents, were also observed in regular and P-forms. Electron opaque bodies that labelled strongly for galactose were also numerous in P-forms in some samples.Key words: transmission electron microscopy, high-pressure freezing, gold labelling, extracellular sheaths, wall constituents.

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Guaitolini, C. R. de F., A. A. P. Derussi, R. Volpato, C. L. Ackermann, L. M. Matsubara, R. R. D. Maziero, M. J. Sudano, L. M. Agostinho, F. da C. Landim-Alvarenga, and M. D. Lopes. "142 MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CANINE EMBRYOS OBTAINED IN VIVO." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab142.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate re-expansion and ultrastructure of in vivo-produced canine embryos immediately after collection (Co; n = 6) and 24 h after in vitro culture (Co24; n = 6). For embryo collection, two bitches in pro-oestrous were monitored every 48 h by vaginal cytology up to the detection of 80 to 90% of superficial cells. Then, they were inseminated 3 times on alternate days with fresh semen from 1 fertile male. Embryo collections were performed after ovariohysterectomies and uterine flushing 12 days after the first artificial insemination. Each uterine horn was flushed 3 times with 60 mL of DPBS at 36 to 37°C and collecting embyos in Petri dishes. Embryos culture were performed at 38.5°C under an atmosphere with 5% CO2 and maximum humidity, using SOFaa media added with 20% of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Embryo reexpansion was evaluated after 24 h of culture and the embryos were classified as re-expanded or not re-expanded, according the appearance of the blastocoele by stereomicroscopy (Leica MZ 12.5, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Twelve embryos were collected, 5 from bitch A and 7 from bitch B; 100% of embryos (6/6) showed re-expansion after 24 h of culture. Blastocoele reexpansion was used as an embryo viability marker. The group Co showed perivitelline space and apical surface of blastomeres covered with microvilli, elongated mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), tight junctions, and a large amount of lipid droplets that was similar to the results previously described in others mammals species. The Co24 group showed the same characteristcs of the group Co at the time of collection, however with a reduction of lipid droplets and the presence of myelinic structures. In conclusion, the lipid droplet reduction and presence of myelinic structures after 24 h of in vitro culture may indicate lipid consumption associated with embryo expansion.

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Maksyutov, R. A., E. V. Gavrilova, T. S. Nepomniashchikh, U. N. Rotskaya, P. S. Loshchenova, N. G. Kolosova, O. I. Sinitsyna, and S. N. Shchelkunov. "Comparative analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA of rat strains Wistar and oxys of the institute of cytology and genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences." Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079059715010062.

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Raghavan, Sudha Devi Arath, Aswani Ayanath, and Bhadravathi Kenchappa Chandrasekhar Sagar. "Fine structure of neurosecretory cells and sinus gland in the eyestalk of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 14 (2019): 535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061406.

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This study elucidated the fine structure of neurosecretory cells and sinus gland in the optic ganglia of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae). The eyestalk ganglion showed the presence of four well defined ganglia arranged below the ommatidium: lamina ganglionaris, medulla externa, medulla interna and medulla terminalis of which the lamina ganglionaris, was devoid of neurosecretory cells. Groups of neurosecretory cells seen distributed along the medulla externa, interna and terminalis regions constitute the X-organs. Electron microscopic observations of the eyestalk ganglia revealed ten types of neurosecretory cells, mostly apolar with a few unipolar and bipolar cells classified according to the size, shape and density of the cell and nucleus, cell organelles/inclusions, together with the arrangement and properties of chromatin. These cells were characterized by the presence of large nuclei with unusually condensed chromatin, inclusions like vacuoles and vesicles of varying size, shape and density and organelles like Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and mitochondria and neurosecretory material. The sinus gland of T. schirnerae was positioned laterally between the externa and interna regions, composed of axonal endings of the neurosecretory cells of the optic ganglia with interspersed glial cells. The axon terminals were enclosed with several small to large membrane bound homogenously dense neurosecretory granules which also occur in the preterminal areas of the axons. Based on size, shape and density of granules and axoplasmic matrix, seven terminal types could be distinguished in the sinus gland of T. schirnerae. Mostly, the granules contained in a terminal were of the same type; rarely, the same terminal enclosed granules of varying size, shape and density. The neurosecretory cell types and axon terminal types represent the types of neurohormones they contained. A precise knowledge of the morphology and cytology of neurosecretory cells in the XO-SG complex of the eyestalk that secrete neurohormones controlling major physiological processes such as growth and reproduction is imperative for successful captive breeding of a species of aquaculture potential.

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Asa, Sylvia L., and Ozgur Mete. "Oncocytic Change in Thyroid Pathology." Frontiers in Endocrinology 12 (May 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.678119.

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Oncocytes are cells that have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm due to the accumulation of mitochondria; they are also known as oxyphils. In the thyroid they have been called Hürthle cells but this is a misnomer, since Hürthle described C cells; for this reason, we propose the use of “oncocyte” as a scientific term rather than an incorrect eponym. Oncocytic change occurs in nontumorous thyroid disorders, in benign and malignant tumors of thyroid follicular cells, in tumors composed of thyroid C cells, and intrathyroidal parathyroid proliferations as well as in metastatic lesions. The morphology of primary oncocytic thyroid tumors is similar to that of their non-oncocytic counterparts but also is complicated by the cytologic features of these cells that include both abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large cherry red nucleoli. The molecular alterations in oncocytic thyroid tumors echo those of their non-oncocytic counterparts but in addition feature mitochondrial DNA mutations as well as chromosomal gains and losses. In this review we emphasize the importance of recognition of the spectrum of oncocytic thyroid pathology. The cell of origin, morphologic features including architecture, nuclear atypia and invasive growth, as well as high grade features such as mitoses and necrosis, enable accurate classification of these lesions. The molecular alterations underlying the pathological entity are associated with genetic alterations associated with oncocytic change. The arbitrary cut-off of 75% oncocytic change to classify a lesion as an oncocytic variant brings another complexity to the classification scheme of tumors that frequently have mixed oncocytic and non-oncocytic components. This controversial and often confusing area of thyroid pathology requires thoughtful and cautious investigation to clarify accurate diagnosis, prognosis and prediction for patients with oncocytic thyroid lesions.

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Zhong, Xionghui, Denghui Chen, Jian Cui, Hailong Li, Yuxin Huang, and Jungen Kang. "Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences and anther development cytology between maintainer and Ogura-type cytoplasm male-sterile cabbage (B. oleracea Var. capitata)." BMC Genomics 22, no. 1 (September 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07963-x.

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Abstract Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been widely used for commercial F1 hybrid seeds production. CMS is primarily caused by chimeric genes in mitochondrial genomes. However, which specific stages of anther development in cabbage are affected by the chimeric genes remain unclear. Results In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and assembled for the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage lines. The genome size of the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage are 219,962 bp and 236,648 bp, respectively. There are 67 and 69 unknown function ORFs identified in the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage mitochondrial genomes, respectively. Four orfs, orf102a, orf122b, orf138a and orf154a were specifically identified in the Ogura CMS mitochondrial genome, which were likely generated by recombination with Ogura type radish during breeding process. Among them, ORF138a and ORF154a possessed a transmembrane structure, and orf138a was co-transcribed with the atp8 and trnfM genes. orf154a is partially homologous to the ATP synthase subunit 1 (atpA) gene. Both these genes were likely responsible for the CMS phenotype. In addition, cytological sections showed that the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells might be the immediate cause of cytoplasmic male-sterility in Ogura CMS cabbage lines. RNA-seq results showed that orf138a and orf154a in Ogura CMS might influence transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways. Conclusions The presence of orf138a and orf154a lead to increased of ATPase activity and ATP content by affecting the transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways, which could provide more energy for the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells. Our data provides new insights into cytoplasmic male-sterility from whole mitochondrial genomes, cytology of anther development and transcriptome data.

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Li, Fei, Yuhang Zhang, Ying Wang, Heqiong Gao, and Nansheng Zhuang. "Comparative analysis of morphology, cytology, and mitochondrial transcriptome of sterile male flowers of hevea tree." Crop Science, August 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20616.

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Cai, Yaming, Zhishen Ma, Collins Otieno Ogutu, Lei Zhao, Liao Liao, Beibei Zheng, Ruoxi Zhang, Lu Wang, and Yuepeng Han. "Potential Association of Reactive Oxygen Species With Male Sterility in Peach." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (April 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.653256.

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Male sterility is an important agronomic trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of male sterility in peach using a combined cytology, physiology, and molecular approach. Cytological features of male sterility include deformed microspores and tapetum cells along with absence of pollen grains. Microspores had smaller nucleus at the mononuclear stage and were compressed into belts and subsequently disappeared in the anther cavity, whereas tapetum cells were swollen and vacuolated, with a delayed degradation to flowering time. Male sterile anthers had an ROS burst and lower levels of major antioxidants, which may cause abnormal development of microspores and tapetum, leading to male sterility in peach. In addition, the male sterility appears to be cytoplasmic in peach, which could be due to sequence variation in the mitochondrial genome. Our results are helpful for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying male sterility in peach.

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Muricy, Guilherme, Celso Domingos, Anaíra Lage, Emilio Lanna, Cristiane C. P. Hardoim, Marinella S. Laport, and Carla Zilberberg. "Integrative taxonomy widens our knowledge of the diversity, distribution and biology of the genus Plakina (Homosclerophorida: Plakinidae)." Invertebrate Systematics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is18027.

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Despite the evolutionary significance of Homoscleromorpha, their diversity and biology are largely unknown. Here we integrate data of morphology, cytology, microbiology, ecology, reproduction, and mitochondrial cox-1 and cob gene sequences to resolve a complex of sympatric species of Plakina in South-eastern Brazil. All datasets congruently supported the delimitation of three species, two of which are new to science. Plakina coerulea has its distribution extended from one locality to over 2360 km wide. Plakina cabofriense, sp. nov. also occurs in North-eastern Brazil. Plakina cyanorosea, sp. nov. occurs only in a single, small tide pool and may be critically endangered. Plakina cyanorosea, sp. nov. produces conspicuous, abundant larvae useful for laboratory investigations. A thin, bright orange organic coat covers some spicules of P. cabofriense, sp. nov. and P. cyanorosea, sp. nov. The three Plakina species harbour diverse microbial symbiont communities, including previously unknown morphologies. Molecular phylogenies and barcoding gaps based on cox-1 and cob sequences supported that each species is monophyletic and distinct from other congeners. The genus Plakina is paraphyletic and strongly needs redefinition. The integrative approach provides new data that widens our knowledge of Homoscleromorpha diversity, distribution and biology.

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Zhou, Jie, Fu Peng, Xiaoyu Cao, Xiaofang Xie, Dayi Chen, Lian Yang, Chaolong Rao, Cheng Peng, and Xiaoqi Pan. "Risk Compounds, Preclinical Toxicity Evaluation, and Potential Mechanisms of Chinese Materia Medica–Induced Cardiotoxicity." Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (March 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.578796.

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Chinese materia medica (CMM) has been applied for the prevention and treatment of diseases for thousands of years. However, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and other cardiac adverse reactions during CMM application were gradually reported. CMM-induced cardiotoxicity has aroused widespread attention. Our review aimed to summarize the risk compounds, preclinical toxicity evaluation, and potential mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. All relevant articles published on the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for the latest twenty years were searched and manually extracted. The risk substances of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity are relatively complex. A single CMM usually contains various risk compounds, and the same risk substance may exist in various CMM. The active and risk substances in CMM may be transformed into each other under different conditions, such as drug dosage, medication methods, and body status. Generally, the risk compounds of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity can be classified into alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, heavy metals, organic acids, toxic proteins, and peptides. Traditional evaluation methods of chemical drug-induced cardiotoxicity primarily include cardiac function monitoring, endomyocardial biopsy, myocardial zymogram, and biomarker determination. In the preclinical stage, CMM-induced cardiotoxicity should be systematically evaluated at the overall, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels, including cardiac function, histopathology, cytology, myocardial zymogram, and biomarkers. Thanks to the development of systematic biology, the higher specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers, such as genes, proteins, and metabolic small molecules, are gradually applied for evaluating CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. Previous studies on the mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity focused on a single drug, monomer or components of CMM. The interaction among ion homeostasis (sodium, potassium, and calcium ions), oxidative damage, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis and autophagy, and metabolic disturbance is involved in CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. Clarification on the risk compounds, preclinical toxicity evaluation, and potential mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity must be beneficial to guide new CMM development and post-marketed CMM reevaluation.

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