Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mitogen-activated protéine kinase'
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Morel, Marion. "Les récepteurs venus kinase (VKRs) de schistosoma mansoni : étude des voies de signalisation de SmVKR1 et rôle de la protéine adaptatrice SmShb." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S003/document.
Full textSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworm species belonging to the genus Schistosoma. Responsible for about 300,000 deaths per year, the disease is mainly due to the high fertility of the worms and to encystment of eggs in host tissues. In order to fight against schistosomiasis, a single drug (Praziquantel) is efficient and massively distributed in endemic areas. To deal with the emergence of resistance to Praziquantel, one alternative is to consider the design of molecules that target parasite reproduction.Venus Kinase Receptors (VKRs) constitute an invertebrate Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family initially discovered in the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. VKRs are atypical RTKs formed by an extracellular Venus Fly Trap (VFT) ligand binding domain associated via a transmembrane domain with an intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. Two VKRs are expressed in S. mansoni: SmVKR1 and SmVKR2. They both activate Erk, Akt and JNK signaling pathways and act on the parasite reproduction.As they are absent from the human genome and as they have potential roles in the modulation of reproductive processes and development of parasites, SmVKRs appear as attractive targets to fight schistosomiasis.The first part of my thesis work sets known data concerning the role of RTKs in schistosome reproduction. Here, we show that the catalytic domains are conserved across various RTKs and we open the perspective to design drugs which could inhibit several RTKs at the same time to control egg laying by schistosomes.The second part of my work describes the importance of using an alternative strategy of inhibiting downstream partners of RTKs. By screening a kinase inhibitor library, we defined the Akt pathway components as potential targets to fight schistosomiasis. Nanomolar doses of Akt inhibitors can inhibit schistosome pairing and egg laying.In the last part, we present the specific interaction of the adaptor protein SmShb with the phosphorylated form of SmVKR1. This binding occurs between the SH2 domain of SmShb and a phosphotyrosine residue (pY979) located in the juxtamembrane region of the receptor. That interaction leads to the phosphorylation of SmShb and promotes the signal of SmVKR1 towards a JNK pathway. In situ hybridization experiments highlighted that SmShb and Smvkr1 transcripts were both located in mature oocytes and testes of adult worms. RNA interference experiments using double-stranded RNA targeting SmShb led to an accumulation of mature sperm in testes of male worms. Finally, a yeast three hybrid screening, using SmShb phosphorylated by SmVKR1 as prey, allowed us to identify various protein partners. Taking advantage of previous results, we focused on two partners and confirmed their interaction with SmShb. 1) RhoU GTPase which has potential functions in JNK signalling and cytoskeleton dynamic. 2) The dynein light chain TcTex-1, with potential role in sperm motility. Altogether, this results argue for a potential role of SmShb in the regulation of the SmVKR1 activity by forming a multiprotein complex including proteins with various roles in cytoskeleton reorganization
Mennour, Sabrina. "Activité de liaison à l’ARN des protéines de la voie de signalisation MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) dans le mélanome LncRNA-Mediated Protein-Protein Scaffolding in Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL062.
Full textRecent studies have underscored the importance of RNAs in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. By allowing the assembly of protein complexes, non-coding RNAs act as scaffolds and thus promote protein-protein interactions in order to regulate the chromatin state. RNAs are also able to interact with proteins in order to modulate their activities, interactions or localisation. In the cytoplasm, signalling pathways are regulated through a cascade of protein-protein interactions. In the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signalling pathway, the binding of a ligand to a membrane receptor triggers a cascade of phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions that allow the transduction of the signal. Abnormal activity of this pathway through increased ligand binding or activating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction associated with tumor initiation and progression.The potential role of RNAs in the direct regulation of protein-protein interactions of key cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways remains largely unknown. The aim of the thesis was to investigate and demonstrate the direct RNA binding activity of proteins involved in the MAPK pathway and to evaluate the role of RNA-protein interactions on intracellular signalling.Using a combination of CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) and silica matrix-based affinity capture (2C complex capture) approaches that can uncover direct interactions between proteins and RNAs in vivo, we demonstrated a direct interaction between key MAPK signalling proteins and RNA in melanoma cells. Subsequent microscopy studies using proximity ligation assay (PLA) led us to demonstrate an RNA-dependent modulation of protein-protein interactions in the MAPK pathway, suggesting that an RNA component is involved in the stabilization of these protein-protein interactions. We specifically identified a deletion mutant in BRAF, a central oncogenic protein and therapeutic target in melanoma, that lacks RNA binding activity and harbors decreased signalling activity.By highlighting the existence of an RNA-mediated modulation of protein-protein interactions, this study shows the unprecedented importance of the RNA binding activity of key signal transduction proteins that should be considered in the understanding and targeting of tumor cells
Duquesnes, Nicolas. "Signalisation cellulaire et formation de complexes protéiques lors de l'étirement des cardiomyocytes de rats nouveaux-nés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842230.
Full textGarnier, Camille. "Rôle de la protéine MAP3K8 et impact de la rigidité dans les cancers ovariens sereux de haut grade." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC223/document.
Full textOvarian cancers, which develop in a silent manner in the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a late diagnosis and a poor prognosis, urgently require new therapeutic strategies. In this context, my thesis aimed at better characterize the physical and biological properties of the High Grade Serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), accounting for 75% of the tumours.First, we found that the protein MAP3K8 accumulates in HGSOC and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. We demonstrated that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in Gl/S transition and adhesion dynamics. Importantly, we highlighted that MAP3K8 function is mainly mediated by the MEK pathway, and exhibits a predictive potential for MEK inhibitors, defining them as a promising therapeutic option, in combination with conventional therapy, for HGSOC patients.In a second part of my thesis, we showed that tumor stiffness is increased during tumor growth in HGSOC presenting a "Fibrosis" molecular signature. Moreover, tumor stiffening is associated with high stromal content and remodeling of the collagen network. Interestingly, the MEK kinase was specifically activated upon tumor stiffening. Furthermore, tumor stiffness accompanies a glycolytic metabolic switch, restricted to the central part of stiff tumors. Indeed, the periphery of stiff tumors remains softer than the central part with stromal cells secreting high levels of collagens and showing an OXPHOS metabolism. Thus, tumor stiffness could be at the crossroad of three major processes, i.e. matrix remodeling, MEK activation and stromal metabolic switch, that might explain, at least in part, the progression of HGSOC
Le, May Nicolas. "Mécanismes de pathogenèse de la protéine non structurale NSs du virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077205.
Full textThe Rift Valley fever virus is a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting cattle, sheep, goats and humans. It causes many dramatic epidémies and epizootics in Africa and recently it was introduced in Yemen and in Saudi Arabia with a high mortality rate. The viral genome is composed of three segments of RNA: the L and M segments are of negative polarity and encode respectively for the RNA polymerase RNA dependent and the precursor of envelope glycoproteins. The S segment utilises an ambisense strategy and codes for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. Although the viral cycle is cytoplasmic, the NSs protein (256 amino acids, 31 kDa) is nuclear and forms filament. Moreover, it was shown that NSs is the major pathogenicity factor, inhibiting IFN beta messenger RNA synthesis but do not disturb the formation of the enhanceosome (NF-KB, IRF3 and ATF2/cjun). We found that infection by RVFV leads to i) a rapid and drastic suppression of host cellular RNA synthesis that parallels a decrease of the TFIIH transcription factor concentration, ii) an inhibition of CBP recruitment and histones acetylation on IFNp promoter and iii) STAT1 proteolysis. Using yeast two hybrid System, immunoprecipitations, Chips and confocal microscopy, we further demonstrated that each event is linked to the association of the nonstructural viral NSs protein with respectively the TFIIH subunit p44, co-repressors subunit SAP30 and Socs 1 in the nuclear filaments. NSs prevents the assembly of newly synthesized TFIIH subunits. NSs, through the interaction between SAP30 and YY1 transcription factor, stabilizes co-repressors like N-coR or Sin3 responsible of histones deacetylation on IFNp promoter and preventing the association between CBP and YY1. Finally NSs provokes Socs 1 accumulation and, through a Socs 1 containing-E3 ligase complex, it degrades STAT1 and inhibes induction by IFNy. These observations shed light on the mechanisms utilized by RVFV to evade the host response
Dacher, Mariko. "Genetic analysis of Leishmania signal transduction through the establishment and application of a novel conditional knock-out system." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077121.
Full textProtein phosphorylation is an important process in Leishmania proliferation and differentiation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are likely to play a crucial regulatory role. The aim of my work was to elucidate Leishmania signalling mechanisms relevant for parasite virulence. My thesis work comprises three main projects. I first studied the role of LmaMPK4 using a novel knock-out System based on the episome pXNG that renders transgenic parasites sensitive to the drug ganciclovir. Our data demonstrate an essential role for MPK4 expression in parasite viability and for MPK4 phospho-transferase activity in environmental sensing and infectivity. The second project is focalized on the study of a chaperone Heat shock protein 70-related (Hsp70r) and LmaMPK7 by defining a novel drug résistance mechanism dependent on post-translational mechanisms. Finally, during a collaborative project I identified two phosphorylation sites that were essential for parasite survival for a chaperone Stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1). The genetic approaches presented here allow new insight into the fonction of essential Leishmania signaling and stress protein, which escape classical KO analyses due to lethal null mutant phenotypes
Boulven, Isaline. "Réseaux de transduction stimulés par les récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase et les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G dans les cellules myométriales : rôle dans l'activation des protéines ERK et impact sur la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112007.
Full textIn this study, we aimed to analyse the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which plays an essential role in uterine functions. We demonstrated, in rat myometrial cells in primary culture, the involvement of MAP kinases of the ERK type in the mitogenic effect of various agents: PDGF, a growth factor acting through a receptor tyrosine kinase, endothelin-1 (ET -1), a mitogenic peptide which interacts in the myometrium with receptors coupled to Gi and Gq proteins, and pervanadate (PV), a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Our results showed that PDGF and PV induced PLC-γ1/Ins3 stimulation and ERK activation that both contribute to cAMP production by increasing the release of arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of prostaglandin. The inhibition of ERK activation and DNA synthesis by cAMP constitutes a potentially important negative feedback loop for PDGF and PV- mediated responses. The presence and the activation by PV of tyrosine kinases of the Src family was also demonstrated in rat myometrial cells. These kinases contributed to the activation of PLCγ1 and the production of InsP3 triggered by PV, and to the activation of ERK induced by ET-1. Indeed, we demonstrated that ET-1-mediated ERK activation involves the sequential activation of PKC, Src and Ras. We also showed that two signalling pathways contribute to the PKC-dependant ERK activation induced by ET-1: a Gq-PLCβ-InsP3-conventional/novel PKC and a Gi-PI3kinase-atypical PKC pathway. Altogether, the results demonstrate the presence of signalling networks required for the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which play an essential role in physiological conditions (gestation) as well as pathological (fibroma) and physiopathological (preterm) conditions
Valluet, Agathe. "Utilisation de modèles murins pour l'étude du rôle physiologique des isoformes de BRaf et du rôle des protéines Raf dans le lignage mélanocytaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077167.
Full textOur team works on the ERK pathway and we mainly focus on the Raf proteins family. We have demonstrated that the BRAF gene encoded several isoforms resulting from alternative splicing of exons 8b and 9b. The presence of these sequences modulates the biochemical and oncogenic properties of the protein. The aim of my project was to analyse the phenotype of knockout mice for each £/to/alternatively spliced exons. Constitutive ablation revealed no obvious defects during embryogenesis and adulthood. However, behavioural analyses revealed a specific role for exon 9b-containing BRaf isoforms in certain types of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. BRaf and CRaf protein kinases have recently emerged as critical players in cutaneous melanoma but little is known about their putative role in the melanocyte lineage in vivo. The aim of my second project was to analyse the phenotype of mice deleted for both BRaf and CRaf in this lineage. Surprisingly, the double knockouts displayed normal pigmentation at birth and did not show signifîcant defect in melanoblasts. However, fbllowing the first hair | molting, the double knockout animals unveiled a progressive hair graying phenotype resulting from depletion of j melanocyte stem cells (MSC). In vitro cultures of melanocytic cells derived from knockout animals could not sustain growth in the presence of TPA but proliferated in the presence of the Kit ligand, SCF. Taken together, our results show that Raf signalling is required for proper MSC maintenance, but dispensable for early melanocyte lineage development. Our observations reveal an unexpected uncoupling between Kit and Raf signalling in the melanocyte lineage
Kragelj, Jaka. "Structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered regions of MAPK signalling proteins." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV060/document.
Full textProtein signal transduction pathways allow cells respond to and process signals from the environment. A group of such pathways, called mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways, is well conserved in all eukaryotic cells and is involved in regulating many important cell processes. Long intrinsically disordered region (IDRs), present in many MAPKs, have remained structurally uncharacterised. The IDRs of MAPKs are especially important as they contain docking-site motifs which control the interactions between MAPK proteins themselves and also between MAPKs and other interacting proteins containing the same motifs. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with other biophysical techniques was used to study IDRs of MAPKs. NMR spectroscopy is well suited for studying intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) at atomic-level resolution. NMR observables, such as for example chemical shifts and residual dipolar couplings, can be used together with ensemble selection methods to study residual structure in IDRs. Nuclear spin relaxation informs us about fast pico-nanosecond motions. NMR titrations and exchange spectroscopy techniques can be used to monitor kinetics of protein-protein interactions. The mechanistic insight into function of IDRs and motifs will contribute to understanding of how signal transduction pathways work
Sipieter, François. "Development and validation of kinase activity reporters for the dynamical study of cell response modalities by microscopy : Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase / Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase in necroptosis." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10167.
Full textNecroptosis is defined as a caspase-independent programmed cell death and relies on a signaling pathway involving two serine-threonine kinases: Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) and the pseudo-kinase Mixed-Lineage Kinase Like (MLKL). Activation of Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) was reported to be involved in different modes of programmed cell death. It is now accepted that the regulation of the duration, magnitude and subcellular compartmentalization of ERK1/2 activity by specific spatio-temporal regulators is interpreted by the cell towards cell fate determination. ERK1/2 inhibition delays TNFα-induced necroptosis in L929 cells in a dose dependent manner but did not block it, providing arguments for a pro-necrotic function of ERK1/2. In this context, a compartmentalized biphasic phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was observed. Our results indicate a RIPK1-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Owing to the importance of ERK1/2 spatio-temporal dynamics in determining cellular responses, we developed a new reporter of ERK2 localization named ERK2-LOC. We observed a transient translocation of ERK2 when necroptosis was triggered in L929 upon TNFα stimulation, followed by progressive ERK2 accumulation in the nucleus. ERK1/2 activities were monitored during necroptosis using a FRET-based kinase biosensor for ERK1/2 (ERK1/2-ACT). Using ERK1/2-ACT, a dedicated spatio-temporal signature of ERK1/2 activity was recorded during necroptosis. Finally, to correlate ERK1/2 activity code with necroptosis occurrence, we also engineered a first generation of FRET biosensors to report on both RIPK1 and RIPK3 activities during necroptosis
Sütterlin-Diradourian, Claire. "Implication de la protéine ZIP/p62 dans la régulation, par la p38-MAPK, de l'activité transcriptionnelle du récepteur nucléaire PPARalpha." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077060.
Full textThe peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) belongs to the nuclear receptor family and plays a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis an inflammatory processes. In addition to its ligand-induced transcriptional activity, PPARa is also regulated by phosphorylation. In the liver, PPARa is phosphorylated by kinases such as ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium dependent protein kinase (PKC). The aim of this work was to examine the effect of p38-MAPK on PPARa transcriptional activity. Firstly, we showed that in COS-7 cells, the p38-MAPK activator anisomycin, phosphorylated PPARa in a dose dépendent manner and inhibited by 50% its transcriptional activity. Secondly, in H4IIE hepatoma cells, anisomycin-induced p38-MAPK phosphorylation decreased the endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (L-CPTI), a PPARa target gene. Thirdly, we demonstrated that PPARa/p38 MAPK interaction required a molecular adapter, the zeta PKC-interacting protein (ZIP). Indeed using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we found a trimeric interaction between PPARa, p38-MAPJ and ZIP. Finally, reducing ZIP expression by siRNA, impaired L-CPTI gene expression in response to anisomycin. In conclusion, we showed that p38-MAPK activation induced PPARa phosphorylatio and inhibition of its transcriptional activity through a trimeric interaction between thé p38-MAPK, ZlP and PPARa
Guillonneau, Maëva. "Étude de la nucléophosmine, nouvelle protéine associée à p38 MAPK, dans la réponse des cellules endothéliales à un stress oxydant aigu." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=288675a2-942d-436d-b15a-59ae37d33154.
Full textThe microvascular compartment is a significant target of oxidative stress that is a major factor in endothelial dysfunction, especially during exposure to ionizing radiation. The alteration of endothelium induced by oxidative stress is involved in radiation-induced toxicity of normal tissues. Limiting endothelial dysfunction is therefore an important issue of current radiotherapeutic treatments. This objective requires a better characterization of oxidative stress signaling in endothelial cells. P38 MAPK pathway is essential in oxidative stress response but still insufficiently characterized. By using a proteomic approach, we identified nucleophosmin (NPM) as a new partner of p38 in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. PP2a phosphatase is also associated with the NPM/p38 complex. Our work shows that oxidative stress (H2O2, 500μM) regulates the NPM dephosphorylation via PP2a, causes rapid dissociation of the complex, and promotes its translocation to the nucleus. In addition, we show that the presence of NPM dephosphorylated at T199 in the nucleus alters the cellular response to DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. The membrane sphingolipid ceramide is also an important factor in stress pathways, particularly in endothelial cells. Our study describes the involvement of this sphingolipid in the regulation of NPM/p38 pathway. A better characterization of the p38 pathway and its actors provided by our study will identify potential targets in order to limit endothelial dysfunction and its deleterious effect on surrounding tissues
Boy-Rocher, Géraldine. "Le substrat de ERK IEX-1 est un inhibiteur général des phosphatases PP2A de la famille B56 impliqué dans la signalisation TPO." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077003.
Full textIEX-1 is an early-response gene involved in survival and proliferation, which is rapidly induced by growth factors, viral infections or chemical carcinogens. IEX-1 was previously isolated as a substrate of the kinase ERK and having a dual role in ERK signaling : IEX-1 acquires anti-apoptotic functions upon phosphorylation by ERK and by binding to active ERK, IEX-1 behaves as a positive regulator of ERK activation, prolonging ERK signal in response to various growth factors. We have elucidated the mechanism by which IEX-1 prolong ERK signal. The major Ser/Thr phosphatase involve in ERK activation is the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). It is made of three subunits: the structural (A), the regulatory (B) and the catalytic (C) subunit. IEX-1 binds specifically to the B56 regulatory subunits of PP2A. This association enhances B56 phosphorylation by ERK and trigger dissociation from the catalytic subunit leading to the inactivation of the PP2A. We examine whether IEX-1 could control only the dephosphorylation of associated ERK or have a more general effect on other kinase activities controlled by PP2A. By using IEX-1 surexpression and shRNA targetting IEX-1, we found that IEX-1 had no effect on the phosphorylation of MEK, p38 or JNK, but that it encreased and sustained the activation of the kinase Akt by preventing its dephosphorylation both on in residues the308 and ser473. These similar regulations of Akt and ERK activities by IEX-1 prompted us to examine whether the same mechanism operates on the two pathways. Overexpression of IEX-1 and B regulatory subunit together shows that specifically B56 subunit strongly reduced the capacity of IEX-1 to prolong Akt phosphorylation. This indicates that Akt phosphorylation is controlled by PP2A holoenzyme containing B56 subunits. Next we have explored the mechanism by which IEX-1 prevents the activity of B56 on pAkt. To test that, we use an IEX-1 protein mutated in its ERK binding site, loosing its ability to both bind pERK and to inhibit B56-PP2A activity. This mutant was enable to extained the duration of pAKT signal showing that IEX-1 mediated Akt activation is dependent on its capacity to bind ERK. To confirm this result, we expressed IEX-1 together with ERK1 and ERK2 kinase dead mutant, devoided of catalytic activity. Expression of this mutant reduces the capacity to protect Akt from inactivation. This result indicate that the ability of IEX-1 to encreased ERK mediated phosphorylation of B56 subunit provides a general mechanism leading to inhibition of B56 regulatory subunits containing PP2A enzymes function. IEX-1-mediated ERK-dependent inhibition of B56 containing is responsible for its ability to control both ERK and Akt activation
Chaligné, Ronan. "Signalisation par le récepteur de la thrombopoïétine et syndromes myéloprolifératifs non-LMC." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T053.
Full textPertuit, Morgane. "Rôle central des MAPKinases ERK1/2 dans la physiopathologie somatotrope : implication des altérations de Gsα." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20735.
Full textBeaujois, Rémy. "Motifs de régulation et dynamique de la voie Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase lors de la transition G2/M des ovocytes de Xénope." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10150/document.
Full textDuring G2/M transition in Xenopus oocyte, p39Mos-MEK1-MAPK cascacade harbors specific dynamic and physical properties, such as ultrasensitivity, bistability, irreversibility, and all-or-none responses. These properties are generally considered in the context of the positive feedback loop that embeds the p39Mos-MEK1-MAPK pathway architecture. The objective of this work was focused onto p39Mos oncoprotein and regulation motifs recruitment enabling together the generation of such properties. Both experimental and in silico approaches were undertaken in order to yield a realistic modelisation, physically and biologically relevant for this network. We developed a model that takes into account the influence of MPF onto p39Mos accumulation, and adjusts the role of the positive feedback loop. Also, we were able to show that p90Rsk, target of MAPK, was degraded. This signaling pathway was activated in the absence of p39Mos. Our results show that 1,10 Phénanthroline monohydrate (1,10-PA) is able to induce gradual and ultrasensitive MAPK activation. 1,10-PA action is then exerted in the absence of protein synthesis and positive feedback loop. In this context, a feed forward loop model can be considered, and phosphatase inhibitors were used for MAPK activation in the absence of p39Mos. Our results confront the role attributed to the positive feedback loop in MAPK activation, and show that this ultrasensitive response may be generated in vivo through feed forward regulation motifs
Tenenbaum, Mathie. "Rôle des Sérine/Thréonine Kinases dans la cellule bêta pancréatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S011/document.
Full textPancreatic beta cell constantly tunes insulin production to meet the body needs. The insulin production adaptation is achieved thanks to highly adaptive beta cell metabolism, signaling, secretory machinery and mass. The beta-cell function and mass plasticity are particularly critical during nutritional, body growth and physiological changes such as obesity, pregnancy and postnatal development of newborn. Functional beta cell demise account for diabetes is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.In vertebrates, serine-threonine kinases (STKs) drive key signaling pathways for adaptive cells response to the environment. The overall goal of the thesis was to identify the signaling pathways responsible for the development of beta cell mass during postnatal development, pregnancy and obesity. Identification of these signaling pathways may help in understanding the functional beta cell mass demise induced by the diabetogenic environment (e.g oxidized LDL, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, etc.) in diabetic patients. By investigating beta cell mass plasticity in 10 day old neonate rats, we found a significant increase in the expression of Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) protein when compared to islets from adult rats. In islets of pups, the increase of DLK expression coincides with a very high proliferative rate of beta cells and activation of "cJun-amino terminal Kinase 3" (JNK3) signaling, an STK belonging to “mitogen activated protein kinase” (MAPKs) family. As observed for DLK, in islets of rat pups, the genetic disruption of JNK3 drastically reduces the number of beta cells leading to glucose intolerance. Finally, we also observed that MAPKs link oxidized LDL to beta cell death via mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Our results show the critical importance of MAPK signaling in controlling beta cell survival and proliferation in response to physiological condition and diabetes
Villedieu, Marie. "Etude de l'implication des voies de signalisation dans la chimiorésistance des cancers de l'ovaire et développement de stratégies chimio-sensibilisatrices." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN4063.
Full textLabasque, Marilyne. "La calmoduline, un partenaire du récepteur 2C de la sérotonine essentiel à la signalisation indépendante des protéines G et dépendante des arrestines du récepteur." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T016.
Full textCharni, Seyma. "Localisation subcellulaire d'ERK5 et ses implications physiologiques dans les leucémies." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T026.
Full textAmarir, Samira. "L' activation constitutive de la voie Notch supprime la transformation induite par v-Src : implication de la signalisation TGF-β." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077010.
Full textUnderstanding how disruption of differentiation contributes to the cancer cell phenotype is required to identify alterations essential for malignant transformation and provide experimental basis for their correction. We have been using quail neuroretina cells transformed by v-Sr6 (QNR/v-src), as an ex vivo model to study this question. We report that stable activation of Notch signalling, which is involved in retina differentiation, suppresses v-Src-induced transformation of QNR cells. This phenotypic reversion coincides with a major switch in cell identity, since these undifferentiated cells acquire glial differentiation traits. Cells restored to a normal and differentiated phénotype hâve undergone changes in the functioning of JNK and Rho/Rac GTPases pathways, which essentially regulate cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization. This phenotypic reversion is partially mediated by an auto/paracrine mechanism, since revertant cells secrete a factor, which inhibits transformation properties of QNR/v-src cells. Transcriptome anlaysis revealed an increase of TGFβ3 RNA in QNR/v-src/Notch cells. This increase is associated with an activation of TGFβ signalling in these cells. Treatment of QNR/v-src cells with a TGFβ3 recombinant protein or chemical inhibition of TGFβ signaling in QNR/v-src/Notch showed that TGFβ signalling is involved in restoration of normal morphology and cytoskeleton organization but also, in part, in commitment to glial differentiation
Languille, Solène. "Dynamique de la mémoire au cours du développement post-natal, étude chez le raton." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432171.
Full textHadjal, Yasmine. "Role de la cascade p38MAPK-p53 dans la différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5031/document.
Full textEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate in vitro into all cell lineages. We previously found that p38MAPK controls two independent successive steps during the early mesodermal commitment of ESCs. The first one is Brachyury dependent, a master gene of mesoderm formation whereas the second one is not. In order to understand the molecular mechanism implicated in the second step, we treated ESCs with the p38 specific Inhibitor PD169316 and performed microarray experiments on mRNAs extracted from treated versus untreated cells. Our results show that many regulated genes are common targets of p38MAPK and p53 transcription factor. In addition to its role as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle checkpoint control, p53 has been involved in embryonic development, but its role in ESC differentiation is still unknown. We found that treatment of wild type ESCs with the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin α during the differentiation process inhibits mesodermal lineages and, by contrast, stimulates neurogenesis. Likewise, ESCs Transfected with p53 siRNAs and p53 KO ESCs show an inhibition of cardiac, endothelial, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle lineage formation. Furthermore, p38MAPK inhibition by PD169316 for 24h induces a strong decrease of p53 protein level. Our results suggest that p53 mediates the p38MAPK control of the commitment of ESCs towards mesodermal lineages. The involvement of the various p53 isoforms in this process will be discussed
Barry, Abdoulaye Oury. "Etude des mécanismes de survie des bactéries intracellulaires dans les macrophages." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5026/document.
Full textThrough evolution, pathogens have developed strategies to survive within their host by interfering with the biogenesis of phagolysosomes. As it is known that C. burnetii lives in acidic phagosome which is unable to fuse with the lysosomes and that its virulence is associated with the expression of LPS, we studied the role of C. burnetii LPS in hijacking of phagosomal conversion. Indeed, we showed that the virulent C. burnetii and its LPS are located in Lamp-1+ compartments which do not acquire CathepsineD and Rab7 is not recruited to their surface. Contrary to LPS of avirulent C. burnetii, which is located in the lysosomes, the LPS of virulent C. burnetii (vLPS) does not induce activation of the p38 MAPKinase and it prevents the recruitment of Rab7 to the surface of compartments by destabilizing the HOPS complex. Finally, we demonstrated that virulent bacteria expressing virulent LPS hijack phagosomal conversion to survive and multiply in macrophages by preventing activation of p38-MAPK/Vps41HOPS axis. We also studied the mechanisms by which Tropheryma whipplei, the agent of Whipple's disease, replicates in macrophages, which are its target in vivo. We have shown that T. whipplei blocks the conversion of its phagosome. Indeed, after purification of phagosomes containing-T. whipplei, we observed by Western blot and confocal microscopy that T. whipplei survives in an immature phagosome with characteristics of both early and late phagosomes (presence of Rab5 and Rab7) making it unable to fuse with lysosomes. As the IL-16 is known to induce replication of T. whipplei, we studied the effect of this cytokine on the phagosome biogenesis of T. whipplei
Boucherit, Nicolas. "Mécanisme d'interférence de la conversion du phagosome par Coxiella burnetii." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5061/document.
Full textTo survive and replicate in their host, microbes have evolved several strategies to hijack the microbicidal properties of the immune cells. C. burnetii, the q fever agent, survive and replicate in macrophages through the alteration of the phago-lysosome biogenesis. To further analyze the nature of the defect phagosome maturation of C. burnetii, I studied the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. burnetii in the intracellular trafficking of the bacteria. The LPS is unable to activate the p38α MAPKinase, which explains that the virulent bacteria are not directed to a degradative compartment . The lack of activation of the p38α MAPKinase , which involves a commitment TLR4 antagonist by LPS, has the effect of preventing the recruitment of the HOPS complex ( homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex) , a complex require for the phagosomal conversion. I have shown that the recruitment of HOPS requires phosphorylation of protein Vps (vacuolar protein sorting) 41. Transfection of macrophages by an activator of p38 and using phosphomimétiques mutants VPS41 showed restoration of phagosome maturation. It thus appears that the p38α MAPK and his dialogue with VPS41 play a central role in phagosome maturation of C. burnetii in the phagolysosome. Use of the unique structure of the LPS allows C. burnetii to evade the protective response of the host
Barruet, Emilie. "Rôle de la voie de transduction P38MAPK dans la différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20697.
Full textEmbryonic stem (ES) cells give rise, in vivo, to all of the three germ layers and, invitro, to differentiate into a broad variety of cell lineages which opens up largeperspectives in regenerative medicine. We previously found that the p38MAPKpathway controls the commitment of ES cells toward either cardiomyogenesis (p38on) or neurogenesis (p38 off ). In this study, we show that p38a knock-out ES cellsdo not differentiate into cardiac, endothelial, smooth muscle, and skeletal musclelineages. Reexpression of p38MAPK in these cells partially rescues theirmesodermal differentiation defects and corrects the high level of spontaneousneurogenesis of knock-out cells. Wild-type ES cells were treated with a p38MAPKspecificinhibitor during the differentiation process. These experiments allowed us toidentify 2 early independent successive p38MAPK functions in the formation ofmesodermal lineages. Further, the first one correlates with the regulation of theexpression of Brachyury, an essential mesodermal-specific transcription factor, byp38MAPK. Moreover, we also showed that p38MAPK is required for the late stageskeletal muscle differentiation. In conclusion, by genetic and biochemicalapproaches, we demonstrate that p38MAPK activity is essential for the commitmentof ES cell into cardiac, endothelial, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle mesodermallineages
Csukly, Kristina. "Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy : implications on intracellular signaling pathways and mitochondrial permeability transition pore function." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15465.
Full textDaigle, Caroline. "Expansion d'une nouvelle famille de protéines kinases (MAPKKKs) impliquée dans le développement reproductif chez les Solanacées." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18509.
Full textMitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) signaling cascades are found in all Eucaryotes and allow signal transduction from the outside of the cell to the inside. In plants, they are particularly numerous and play roles in several signaling processes, including stress responses and response to developmental cues. Their system involves a phosphorelay: they interact with each other to transfer a phosphate group. It starts with an activated MAPKKK, which transfers the phosphate group to a MAPKK (MKK), then this MKK transfers the signal to a MAPK (MPK), which ends this relay by phosphorylating transcription factors or any other proteins that will, in a way or an other, change the cell response according to the signal. During the last few years, many MAPKs members have been studied for their role in plants sexual reproduction. Some mutants were characterized, but until now, our knowledge of complete signaling cascades is very limited. Previous studies in our lab have shown that two MAPKKKs from the MEKK subfamily, ScFRK1 and ScFRK2, are important for male and female gametophytes development in Solanum chacoense, a wild diploid potato species. Genes that are the most orthologous to ScFRK1 and ScFRK2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtMAPKKK19, 20 and 21, do not seem to play the same roles in reproduction, which led us to make the hypothesis that in solanaceous species, at least in S. chacoense, there is one MAPKKK family that is different and not present in A. thaliana. At first, we did analyze the genomes/transcriptomes/proteomes of 15 species from different clads of the plant kingdom to find all the members of the MEKK subfamily of MAPKKKs in order to study their phylogenetic relationship. We then observed that ScFRK1 and ScFRK2 are included in a large monophyletic group which was called the FRK class (Fertilization Related Kinase). Moreover, we also observed that this class has considerably expanded within the solanaceous species, compared to other species like A. thaliana, poplar, cotton or grape vine. The FRK class is totally absent in the monocot species studied (rice and maize) and only one member is found in the basal angiosperm Amborella trichopoda. This phylogenetic analysis led us to ask questions about the origins of the FRK class and its role inside the Solanaceae family. Secondly, we characterized ScFRK3, a third member of the FRK class in S. chacoense, which is also involved, as its two FRK sisters, in male and female gametophytes development. From its expression pattern to the establishment of a potential signaling cascade, analysis and phenotyping of ScFRK3 mutant lines, many experiments were realized in order to understand the role of ScFRK3 in S. chacoense sexual reproduction. Overall, the appearance of this new and expanded class of MEKKs questions its specific role in comparison to other species that have much lesser members, mainly when compared to the model plant A. thaliana, which harbor only a fifth of the FRKs found in solanaceous species.
Torabi, Mohammad Ali. "Effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on bovine ovarian theca cell function." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19167.
Full textThe mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite deepoxy-DOM-1 have significant effects on bovine ovarian theca cell function. The objective of this study was to identify different signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of DON and DOM-1 by mass spectrometry. Methods: bovine ovarian theca cells were harvested from adult cows independently of the stage of the estrous cycle, and were cultured at a density of 500000 viable cells in 1 ml McCoy’s medium for 5 days. The cells were then treated on day 5 of culture with 1 ng/mL DON or DOM-1 for 30 minutes and total cell protein was collected for mass spectrometry. Results from mass spectrometry showed that both DON and DOM-1 induce simultaneous upregulation of ERK1/2 , MAPK14 (p38alpha) and MAPK13 (p38delta). Mass spectrometry also indicated that 94 peptides such as GNGT1, EDN1 and YWHAB were upregulated. They mostly regulate cell proliferation pathways and are involved in biosynthesis of lipid and carbohydrates. Nevertheless, 255 peptides such as CALR3, PTGES3, RAD21, ACVR2B and TGFBR1 were downregulated whose activities are mainly activation or deactivation of apoptotic processes, and glucose and choline metabolism. Our findings show that both DON and DOM-1 at least at a low dose (1 ng/ml) have the potential to stimulate upregulation of distinct MAPKs and downregulate specific signaling pathways that stimulate bovine ovarian theca cell proliferation.
Gobeil, Mélanie P. "Étude du rôle de la tyrosine kinase Src dans la régulation de la signalisation des récepteurs opioïdes delta (∆OR)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8851.
Full textOpioids are the most effective analgesics available but their use is limited by tolerance. Tolerance is related, at least in part, to receptor desensitization. Hence, the role of the present study was to better characterize the desensitization process, in particular concerning the role of the tyrosine kinase Src on regulation of delta opioid receptor signalling. Our results show that pharmacological inhibition with PP2 (administered at low concentration: 20-40µM) or molecular inhibition of the kinase with low expression levels of a dominant negative mutant of Src (0,2µg of DNA) potentiate the magnitude and duration of agonist-dependent (DPDPE; 1µM; 5 min) activation of the ERK pathway. We also showed that higher concentrations of Src inhibitors (80 and 100µM of PP2 or 1µg/ml of dominant negative mutant DNA) block the MAPK cascade following DOR stimulation by DPDPE. These observations indicate that Src has a biphasic effect on ERK activity, respectively potentiating or inhibiting agonist stimulation of the MAPK cascade at low and high levels of Src inhibition. We reasoned that high levels of Src blockers were interfering with ERK activation mechanism while low levels of inhibition were interfering with receptor desensitization. This possibility was tested by using cAMP accumulation assays to evaluate the effect of Src blockers (PP2, 20 µM; 1h) on agonist-induced desensitization. DOR stimulation by DPDPE inhibited forskolin stimulated cAMP production in a dose dependent manner with a maximal reduction of 61%. This inhibitory response was reduced by 72% following pre-exposure to DPDPE (1 µM, 30 min), an effect that was blocked by pre-treating cells with PP2 (PP2, 20 µM; 1 h) before desensitization. The protective effect of Src blockers did not involve changes in DOR internalization but interfering with internalization by using an internalization-deficient DOR mutant or hypertonic medium (0.4M sucrose) reduced this protection, indicating the need for optimal internalization in order for the protective effect of Src blockers to take place. Based on the latter observation it was possible to conclude that Src contribution to DOR desensitization is post-endocytic.